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Ergul RB, Ortac M, Tonyali S, Pehlivan G, Sari SO, Hurdogan O, Kadioglu A. Primary Classic Penile Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Middle Age Circumcised HIV-Negative Patient: Presentation of an Unusual Case. SISLI ETFAL HASTANESI TIP BULTENI 2024; 58:241-243. [PMID: 39021691 PMCID: PMC11249993 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2023.46034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in young patients with penile lesions and no risk factors. A 37-year-old heterosexual man with no other medical history applied presented with a non-itchy and painless penile lesion, for three months. The HIV 1-2 serology was negative via ELISA test. Histopathological analysis of the lesion revealed a tumor composed of atypical spindle cells, below a partially ulcerated surface. There was also an abundance of plasma cells admixed within the neoplastic cells. The patient was diagnosed as HIV-negative, HHV-8 positive Kaposi sarcoma. Although penile Kaposi sarcoma is extremely rare, classical Kaposi sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of penile lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Burak Ergul
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mazhar Ortac
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Senol Tonyali
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Pehlivan
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sule Ozturk Sari
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Hurdogan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ates Kadioglu
- Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Liapis K, Bouzani M, Petrakis V, Anagnostopoulos NI, Kotsianidis I. A variant of KSHV-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome in elderly men of Mediterranean descent. Infection 2024; 52:1175-1180. [PMID: 38113021 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum of HHV-8-associated disorders includes Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and the recently described KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS), a life-threatening disorder complicating HIV infection. There have been no reports in the literature concerning non-immunosuppressed individuals affected with KICS. We report here a KICS-like illness occurring in two elderly Greek men without HIV infection or other recognizable cause of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Liapis
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Bouzani
- Department of Hematology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Petrakis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second University Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | | | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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3
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Tibenderana RM, Blumenthal MJ, Bukajumbe E, Schäfer G, Mohamed Z. Clinical Significance of Elevated KSHV Viral Load in HIV-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients in South Africa. Viruses 2024; 16:189. [PMID: 38399965 PMCID: PMC10893554 DOI: 10.3390/v16020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining illness caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) predominantly in the context of HIV-related immune suppression. We aimed to explore the usefulness of KSHV DNA viral load (VL) measurement in predicting the severity, response to treatment and outcome of KS. We retrospectively assessed a cohort of KS patients (n = 94) receiving treatment at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic and clinical data, KS staging and response to treatment were extracted from patient files, while long-term survival was ascertained from hospital records. KSHV serology and VL and hIL-6 were determined empirically from patients' blood. All patients were HIV-positive adults, the majority of whom were on HAART at the time of recruitment. KSHV VL was detectable in 65 patients' blood (median: 280.5/106 cells (IQR: 69.7-1727.3)) and was highest in patients with S1 HIV-related systemic disease (median 1066.9/106 cells, IQR: 70.5-11,269.6). KSHV VL was associated with the S1 stage in a binomial regression controlling for confounders (adjusted odds ratio 5.55, 95% CI: 1.28-24.14, p = 0.022). A subset of six patients identified to have extremely high KSHV VLs was predominantly T1 stage with pulmonary KS, and most had died at follow-up. In our cohort, elevated KSHV VL is associated with systemic HIV-related illness in KS disease. Extremely high KSHV VLs warrant further investigation for patients potentially requiring intensive treatment and investigation for progression or diagnosis of concurrent KSHV lytic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Jayne Blumenthal
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Bukajumbe
- Aberdeen Surgery, Aberdeen, NSW 2336, Australia;
- Hatchile Consult Ltd., Kampala 759125, Uganda
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
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Shi J, Ying G, Zhang Z. A Case of Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated with Disseminated AIDS: The Management Challenges. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6367-6374. [PMID: 37789840 PMCID: PMC10544134 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s428945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a malignant tumor derived from vascular endothelial cells, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is quite common in AIDS patients. Nonspecific clinical symptoms often lead to timely diagnosis or wrong treatment, leading to recurrent disease and poor prognosis. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) could significantly reduce its morbidity and aggressiveness. As one of the ARTs, liposome anthracyclines are the preferred chemotherapy regimen for disseminated KS with multiple organs or tissue invasion. The curative effect is highly related to the degree of immunosuppression. This is the first case of AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma, who was cured after ART and two consecutive chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome without recurrence. This case may provide new ideas and methods for the clinical management of AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma. Case Description The patient, a male aged 60 years, was hospitalized on 21/11/2018 following having a cough, expectoration, and difficulty breathing. He was infected with HIV eight years ago and presented symptoms of blood-stained sputum. The patient complained that he had not received ART before. After admission, he was diagnosed as KS with disseminated AIDS after multiple biopsies and histopathological examinations. The patient was treated with ten months of ART (lamivudine+tenofovir+dolutegravir) and 14 times of chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome (20 mg/m2, three times per week, seven times per course of treatment). The patient's disease was finally alleviated, and there was no recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusion The reconstitution of immune function and consecutive chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome play a vital role in treating KS. In addition, for the early general symptoms of AIDS patients, such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic purple papules, it is necessary to increase vigilance and obtain the results of histopathological verification as soon as possible to diagnose KS patients at an earlier stage and realize clinical intervention in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Shi
- The Second Infectious Disease Department, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiang Ying
- The Second Infectious Disease Department, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongdong Zhang
- The Second Infectious Disease Department, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, People’s Republic of China
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Cantisani C, Baja AV, Gargano L, Rossi G, Ardigò M, Soda G, Boostani M, Kiss N, Pellacani G. Optical Coherence Tomography as a Valuable Tool for the Evaluation of Cutaneous Kaposi Sarcoma Treated with Imiquimod 5% Cream. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2901. [PMID: 37761269 PMCID: PMC10529460 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare disease that was not frequently identified before the widespread occurrence of AIDS. Even today, it remains a challenge for physicians to diagnose, particularly in its early stages, often requiring referral to specialists and further investigations. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive imaging technique, reveals a distinctive rainbow pattern that strongly indicates KS. Moreover, advanced imaging tools like optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide additional information though specific disease-related patterns have not been fully established yet. These emerging techniques show promise in facilitating early diagnosis of skin-related KS and monitoring the effectiveness of treatments. However, biopsy remains the definitive method for confirming the disease. In this study, we present two cases of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma, documented using OCT, both before and after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream. The study highlights the potential of OCT in evaluating disease progression and treatment response, as well as the usefulness of dermoscopy in detecting early indicators of KS. By integrating these advanced imaging techniques, the diagnosis and management of cutaneous KS could be improved, leading to timely interventions and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cantisani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.-V.B.); (L.G.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Alexandru-Vasile Baja
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.-V.B.); (L.G.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Luca Gargano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.-V.B.); (L.G.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.-V.B.); (L.G.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Marco Ardigò
- Porphyria and Rare Diseases Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Soda
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.-V.B.); (L.G.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Mehdi Boostani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.-V.B.); (L.G.); (G.R.); (G.S.); (G.P.)
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Oprita A, Cotan H, Celmare D, Emilescu R. Rituximab-Induced Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV-Negative Patients: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45365. [PMID: 37849608 PMCID: PMC10578454 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade mesenchymal angioproliferative disorder that requires infection with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) for it to develop. It is commonly seen in HIV-positive patients and rarely in immunosuppressed HIV-negative patients. Rituximab is a monoclonal anti-CD20 chimeric murine/human immunoglobulin G antibody used to treat B cell lymphoproliferative diseases as well as a variety of autoimmune disorders. Several cases of iatrogenic Kaposi sarcoma (iKS) have been described after rituximab treatment. The purpose of this narrative review is to identify the presence of common clinical characteristics among rituximab-induced KS patients that could facilitate better management of this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horia Cotan
- Oncology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Dana Celmare
- Oncology, Saint Nicholas Medical Center, Pitesti, ROU
| | - Radu Emilescu
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, ROU
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7
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Endemic Kaposi's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030872. [PMID: 36765830 PMCID: PMC9913747 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a common neoplasm in Eastern and central Africa reflecting the spread of human gammaherpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), now considered a necessary causal agent for the development of KS. The endemic KS subtype can follow an aggressive clinical course with ulcerative skin lesions with soft tissue invasion or even bone or visceral involvement. In the latter cases, a thorough imaging work-up and better follow-up schedules are warranted. As KS is a chronic disease, the therapeutic goal is to obtain sustainable remission in cutaneous and visceral lesions and a good quality of life. Watchful monitoring may be sufficient in localized cutaneous forms. Potential therapeutic modalities for symptomatic advanced KS include systemic chemotherapies, immunomodulators, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antiangiogenic drugs.
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8
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Liu H, Zhang H, Zhang C, Liao Z, Li T, Yang T, Zhang G, Yang J. Pan-Soft Tissue Sarcoma Analysis of the Incidence, Survival, and Metastasis: A Population-Based Study Focusing on Distant Metastasis and Lymph Node Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890040. [PMID: 35875111 PMCID: PMC9303001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rarity and complexity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) make it a challenge to determine the incidence, survival, and metastasis rates. In addition, the clinicopathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis have rarely been reported. Methods Data on patients diagnosed with STS in the SEER database from 2000 to 2018 were extracted by SEER*Stat 8.3.9.1, and the incidence trend was calculated by Joinpoint 4.9 software. The KM method was used to calculate the survival curve, and the log-rank method was used to compare differences in the survival curves. The clinicopathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis were screened by logistic regression. Results Among the 35987 patients, 4299 patients (11.9%) had distant metastasis. The overall lymph node metastasis rate was 6.02%, which included patients suffering from both lymph node and distant metastasis. Considering that some lymph node metastases might be accompanying events of distant metastasis, the rate of only lymph node metastasis in STS patients decreased to 3.42% after excluding patients with distant metastasis. Patients with only lymph node metastases (N1/2M0) had a significantly worse prognosis than those without metastases (N0M0) but a better prognosis than those with only distant metastases (N0M1) (p<0.0001). In the multivariate logistic analysis, STS patients with larger tumors located in the head and neck, viscera, retroperitoneum, and certain specific pathological subtypes (compared with the liposarcoma), such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma, had a higher risk of lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis is rare in STS, and the metastasis rate is significantly different among the different pathological types. Tumor size, location, and pathological subtype are significantly associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis. The overall survival of patients with lymph node metastasis is better than that of patients with distant metastasis, which suggests a more precise prognosis evaluation should be performed in these AJCC stage IV STS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhichao Liao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tielong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gengpu Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jilong Yang,
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Meriem H, Bouhairi MEL, Ben Yahya I. Non HIV oral Kaposi Sarcoma: Rare case report literature review. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Poizot-Martin I, Brégigeon S, Palich R, Marcelin AG, Valantin MA, Solas C, Veyri M, Spano JP, Makinson A. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated Kaposi Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:986. [PMID: 35205734 PMCID: PMC8869819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) with advanced immunosuppression who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) are susceptible to the occurrence of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Although ART is responsible for AIDS- associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) improvement and resolution, new onset (unmasking KS-IRIS) or sudden progression of preexisting KS (paradoxical KS-IRIS) can occur after a time delay of between a few days and 6 months after the initiation or resumption of ART, even in patients with a low degree of immunocompromise. KS-IRIS incidence varies from 2.4% to 39%, depending on study design, populations, and geographic regions. Risk factors for developing KS-IRIS include advanced KS tumor stage (T1), pre-treatment HIV viral load >5 log10 copies/mL, detectable pre-treatment plasma-KSHV, and initiation of ART alone without concurrent chemotherapy. Both paradoxical and unmasking KS-IRIS have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and thrombocytopenia (<100,000 platelets/mm3 at 12 weeks) has been associated with death. KS-IRIS is not to be considered as ART failure, and an ART regimen must be pursued. Systemic chemotherapy for KS in conjunction with ART is recommended and, in contrast with management of IRIS for other opportunistic infections, glucocorticoids are contra-indicated. Despite our preliminary results, the place of targeted therapies in the prevention or treatment of KS-IRIS needs further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Inserm, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Service D’immuno-Hématologie Clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Brégigeon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM) Sainte-Marguerite, Service D’immuno-Hématologie Clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Romain Palich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France; (R.P.); (M.-A.V.)
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Marc-Antoine Valantin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France; (R.P.); (M.-A.V.)
| | - Caroline Solas
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital La Timone, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, INSERM 1207, IRD 190, Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Marianne Veyri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), CLIP2 Galilée, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), CLIP2 Galilée, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Alain Makinson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM U1175/IRD UMI 233, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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11
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Flores-Gonzalez J, Ramon-Luing LA, Ocaña-Guzman R, Buendia-Roldan I, Islas-Muñoz B, Volkow-Fernández P, Chavez-Galan L. Valganciclovir as Add-On Therapy Modifies the Frequency of NK and NKT Cell Subpopulations in Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020412. [PMID: 35053573 PMCID: PMC8773484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kaposi sarcoma is one disease that develops in people living with HIV with severe immunosuppression and impacts morbidity and associated mortality. This disease is currently treated with antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy agents that can further contribute to immunosuppression in patients. Thus, searching for new therapies to induce a robust immune system activation in these patients is necessary. Herein, the frequency and phenotype of natural killer subpopulation cells in people living with HIV with Kaposi sarcoma were evaluated. After KS diagnosis, patients started antiretroviral therapy or valganciclovir plus antiretroviral therapy. Results showed that in patients treated with valganciclovir plus antiretroviral therapy, the expression of CD57 and CD27 proteins on natural killer cells was regulated, enhancing the immune response of the study cohort. This finding contributes to understanding more about the immune response of people living with HIV with Kaposi sarcoma. Abstract Human herpesvirus-8 infection (HHV-8) is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (KS/HIV). It has been reported that valganciclovir (VGC) reduces HHV-8 replication in KS/HIV patients. However, currently it is unclear if VGC modifies the frequency and induces changes in markers of immune regulation of immune cells necessary to eliminate HHV8-infected cells, such as Natural Killer (NK) and NK T cells (NKT). This study evaluated the effect of VGC used as antiviral HHV8 therapy in KS patients on the frequency of NK and NKT subpopulations based on the CD27 and CD57 expression, and the immunosenescence markers, PD-1 and KLRG1. Twenty KS/HIV patients were followed-up at baseline (W0), 4 (W4), and 12 weeks (W12) of the study protocol. Among them, 10 patients received a conventional treatment scheme (CT), solely antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 10 patients received a modified treatment regime (MT), including VGC plus ART. In both groups, bleomycin/vincristine was administrated according to the treating physician’s decision. The soluble levels of IL-15, PD-L1, PD-L2, and E-cadherin were quantified across the follow-up. Our results showed that the higher IL-15 levels and lower NK frequencies cells in KS/HIV patients reach almost normal values with both treatments regimes at W12. CD27+ NK and NKT cell frequencies increased since W4 on KS/HIV patients with MT. Furthermore, PD-1 expression decreased while KLRG1 increased on NK and NKT subpopulations at W12, and it is accompanied by increased PD-L1 plasma level since W4. Our study highlights the disruption of NK and NKT subpopulations in patients with KS/HIV and explores VGC treatment’s contribution to immune reconstitution during the first weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.-G.); (L.A.R.-L.); (R.O.-G.)
| | - Lucero A. Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.-G.); (L.A.R.-L.); (R.O.-G.)
| | - Ranferi Ocaña-Guzman
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.-G.); (L.A.R.-L.); (R.O.-G.)
| | - Ivette Buendia-Roldan
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Aging and Pulmonary Fibrosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Beda Islas-Muñoz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.I.-M.); (P.V.-F.)
| | - Patricia Volkow-Fernández
- Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.I.-M.); (P.V.-F.)
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.F.-G.); (L.A.R.-L.); (R.O.-G.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-555-487-1700 (ext. 5270)
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Dupin N, Jary A, Boussouar S, Syrykh C, Gandjbakhche A, Bergeret S, Palich R. Current and Future Tools for Diagnosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235927. [PMID: 34885035 PMCID: PMC8657166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare opportunistic tumor, is observed in four epidemiological conditions (AIDS-related, iatrogenic, endemic or classic KS). Although in most cases KS is an indolent disease, it can be locally aggressive and/or it can invade other organs than the skin, resulting in more severe presentations, especially in patients with severe immunosuppression. There is no consensus on the imaging workup that is necessary for either the initial staging of the disease or the follow-up. Future perspectives include the use of certain non-invasive imaging tools that may help to evaluate the clinical response to treatment, as well as certain new histological markers that may help in guiding the treatment planning for this atypical neoplasm. Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare, atypical malignancy associated with immunosuppression and can be qualified as an opportunistic tumor, which responds to immune modulation or restoration. Four different epidemiological forms have been individualized (AIDS-related, iatrogenic, endemic or classic KS). Although clinical examination is sufficient to diagnose cutaneous lesions of KS, additional explorations are necessary in order to detect lesions involving other organs. New histological markers have been developed in recent years concerning the detection of HHV-8 latent or lytic proteins in the lesions, helping to confirm the diagnosis when it is clinically doubtful. More recently, the evaluation of the local immune response has also been shown to provide some guidance in choosing the appropriate therapeutic option when necessary. We also review the indication and the results of conventional radiological imaging and of non-invasive imaging tools such as 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography, thermography and laser Doppler imaging for the diagnosis of KS and for the follow-up of therapeutic response in patients requiring systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupin
- Dermatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Institut Cochin, INSERM 1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Aude Jary
- Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Samia Boussouar
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Charlotte Syrykh
- Department of Pathology, University Cancer Institute of Toulouse-Oncopole, 31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Amir Gandjbakhche
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Sébastien Bergeret
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Romain Palich
- Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42-16-01-71; Fax: +33-1-42-16-04-45
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KDM2B Overexpression Facilitates Lytic De Novo KSHV Infection by Inducing AP-1 Activity Through Interaction with the SCF E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00331-21. [PMID: 33692209 PMCID: PMC8139688 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00331-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still largely unknown what host factors are involved in controlling the expression of the lytic viral gene RTA during primary infection, which determines if Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establishes latent or lytic infection. We have recently identified the histone demethylase KDM2B as a repressor of RTA expression during both de novo KSHV infection and latency based on an epigenetic factor siRNA screen. Here, we report that surprisingly, KDM2B overexpression can promote lytic de novo infection by using a mechanism that differs from what is needed for its repressor function. Our study revealed that while the DNA-binding and demethylase activities of KDM2B linked to its transcription repressive function are dispensable, its C-terminal F-box and LRR domains are required for the lytic infection-inducing function of KDM2B. We found that overexpressed KDM2B increases the half-life of the AP-1 subunit c-Jun protein and induces the AP-1 signaling pathway. This effect is dependent upon the binding of KDM2B to the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex via its F-box domain. Importantly, the inhibition of AP-1 reduces KDM2B-mediated lytic de novo KSHV infection. Overall, our findings indicate that KDM2B may induce the degradation of some host factors by using the SCF complex resulting in the enrichment of c-Jun. This leads to increased AP-1 transcriptional activity, which facilitates lytic gene expression following de novo infection interfering with the establishment of viral latency.SignificanceThe expression of epigenetic factors is often dysregulated in cancers or upon specific stress signals, which often results in a display of non-canonical functions of the epigenetic factors that are independent from their chromatin-modifying roles. We have previously demonstrated that KDM2B normally inhibits KSHV lytic cycle using its histone demethylase activity. Surprisingly, we found that KDM2B overexpression can promote lytic de novo infection, which does not require its histone demethylase or DNA-binding functions. Instead, KDM2B uses the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to induce AP-1 transcriptional activity, which promotes lytic gene expression. This is the first report that demonstrates a functional link between SFCKDM2B and AP-1 in the regulation of KSHV lytic cycle.
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Séverin D, Bessaoud F, Meftah N, Du Thanh A, Tretarre B, Guillot B, Makinson A. A comparative study of classic and HIV-viremic and aviremic AIDS Kaposi sarcoma. AIDS 2021; 35:399-405. [PMID: 33181532 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy. There is increased interest in Kaposi sarcoma in PLHIV with controlled HIV viremia. OBJECTIVES To describe Kaposi sarcoma occurring in PLHIV despite virological control and to compare their clinical presentations with viremic AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) and classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS). METHODS This was a monocentric retrospective study, including all Kaposi sarcoma patients registered between the 1 January of 2000 and 31 December 2017 in a comprehensive data bank for all cancers in the Hérault region, South of France. AIDS-KS were also described using chart reviews from the Infectious diseases Department, which followed more than 90% of PLHIV from the same region. We defined aviremic AIDS-KS as Kaposi sarcoma occurring in persons taking HAART with a HIV viral load less than 50 copies for more than 12 months. We compared clinical characteristics of persons with aviremic AIDS-KS, viremic AIDS-KS and CKS, using the Kriegel score and number and topography of skin lesions, and presence of lymphedema. RESULTS We retrieved 187 Kaposi sarcoma cases, of which 12 occurred in PLHIV with aviremic AIDS-KS. Kriegel score stage I was found in 10 (83%) of the aviremic AIDS-KS, 34 (68%) of CKS and 38 (58.4%) of viremic AIDS-KS cases, with similar clinical presentations between aviremic AIDS-KS and CKS groups, and viremic AIDS-KS persons having more aggressive presentations. One person with aviremic AIDS-KS had visceral involvement. CONCLUSION We showed that Kaposi sarcoma in PLHIV with controlled viremia were generally indolent, similarly to CKS. Visceral involvement is, however, possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Meftah
- COREVIH, Saint Eloi Hospital and Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Alain Makinson
- Department of Infectiology, Inserm U1175, Saint Eloi Hospital and Montpellier University Hospital
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15
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Blumenthal MJ, Cornejo Castro EM, Whitby D, Katz AA, Schäfer G. Evidence for altered host genetic factors in KSHV infection and KSHV-related disease development. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2160. [PMID: 33043529 PMCID: PMC8047912 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-related malignancy. It also causes other rare, but certainly underreported, KSHV-associated pathologies, namely primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. Epidemiology and pathogenicity studies point to the potential for host genetic predisposition to KSHV infection and/or the subsequent development of KSHV-associated pathologies partly explaining the peculiar geographic and population-specific incidence of KSHV and associated pathologies and discrepancies in KSHV exposure and infection and KSHV infection and disease development. This review consolidates the current knowledge of host genetic factors involved in the KSHV-driven pathogenesis. Studies reviewed here indicate a plausible connection between KSHV susceptibility and host genetic factors that affect either viral access to host cells via entry mechanisms or host innate immunity to viral infection. Subsequent to infection, KSHV-associated pathogenesis, reviewed here primarily in the context of KS, is likely influenced by an orchestrated concert of innate immune system interactions, downstream inflammatory pathways and oncogenic mechanisms. The association studies reviewed here point to interesting candidate genes that may prove important in achieving a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and associated diseases. Recent studies on host genetic factors suggest numerous candidate genes strongly associated with KSHV infection or subsequent disease development, particularly innate immune system mediators. Taken together, these contribute toward our understanding of the geographic prevalence and population susceptibility to KSHV and KSHV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Blumenthal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Elena Maria Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Arieh A. Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Penjor D, Chong AW. A case of Kaposi’s sarcoma of tonsil with profuse bleeding in an HIV-positive patient. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X211066411. [PMID: 34987817 PMCID: PMC8721359 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x211066411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy. Kaposi’s sarcoma in the oral cavity and oropharynx present as a macular, papular, or nodular lesion on the palate, gingiva, or tongue which may look pink, reddish, or purplish. Kaposi’s sarcoma of the tonsils is relatively less common compared with other sites in the oral cavity and oropharynx. We report a case of Kaposi’s sarcoma of tonsil with profuse bleeding requiring emergency tracheostomy to protect the airway followed by tonsillectomy to control the bleeding. Our initial diagnosis was hemangioma or a pyogenic granuloma. The patient tested positive for a retroviral infection and the histopathology report was compatible with Kaposi’s sarcoma. Antiretroviral therapy and radiotherapy were given after stabilizing the patient. Kaposi’s sarcoma of tonsils is relatively uncommon and it is unusual to cause profuse bleeding. Various treatment options are available but there are no standard treatment protocols. Treatments options depend on the site, size, stage, and immune status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Penjor
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Aun Wee Chong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Busam KJ, Markova A. Facial Erythema in an Elderly Man. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:587-588. [PMID: 32211818 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Dermatopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alina Markova
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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18
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Tappuni AR. The global changing pattern of the oral manifestations of HIV. Oral Dis 2020; 26 Suppl 1:22-27. [PMID: 32862536 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The significance of the oral manifestations of HIV has been widely recognised since the start of the epidemic. It is estimated that more than 38 million people are living with HIV currently, with more than a third presenting with oral manifestations. Access to optimum clinical management and effective treatment in resource-rich countries has led to a remarkable decrease in some of the oral manifestations in the HIV population but this is not mirrored in developing countries, where most HIV-positive patients reside. In this paper, a review of the literature since the start of the HIV infection in different parts of the world is presented to highlight the current significance of the oral conditions in this population. Oral candidiasis was repeatedly reported as the most encountered oral manifestation of HIV in different countries, including in studies on groups on anti-retroviral therapy. Over time salivary gland disease was reported less in developed countries but was encountered more in developing countries. There is evidence to show that the prevalence of oral warts increased with the establishment of anti-retroviral therapy. A review of the worldwide prevalence of HIV-related oral conditions indicates that except for oral hairy leucoplakia, the prevalence of all other nine commonly reported oral conditions remained the same or increased over time. Oral opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients are an ongoing clinical burden mainly in developing countries. Maintaining research in the subject and improving access to HIV treatment will help address the oral health inequalities around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar R Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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19
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Quadruple Multiple Primary Malignancies: Early Detection of Second Primary Malignancy by Esophagogastroduodenoscopy/Colonoscopy Is Crucial for Patients with Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040218. [PMID: 32295165 PMCID: PMC7235704 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is treated following the recommendations of international guidelines. These guidelines recommend esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy for detecting multicentric KS of visceral lesions. Second primary malignancies (SPMs) are also a common KS complication; however, information on their detection and treatment is unfortunately not yet indicated in these guidelines. This paper reports on an 86-year-old man who suffered from quadruple primary malignancies: skin classic KS with colon adenocarcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma (maxilla), and well-differentiated stomach adenocarcinoma. Gastric cancer was incidentally detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which was performed to detect visceral KS. We suggest that esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy be routinely performed during the follow-up of patients with KS. As SPMs are crucial complications in patients with KS, these malignancies should be detected as early as possible.
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20
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Chen WC, Singh E, Muchengeti M, Bradshaw D, Mathew CG, Babb de Villiers C, Lewis CM, Waterboer T, Newton R, Sitas F. Johannesburg Cancer Study (JCS): contribution to knowledge and opportunities arising from 20 years of data collection in an African setting. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 65:101701. [PMID: 32169796 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Johannesburg Cancer Study (JCS) aims were to examine whether cancer risk factors identified in Western countries applied to black patients in Johannesburg, South Africa and to understand the impact of HIV on cancer risk, with a view to identifying previously unrecognised HIV associated cancers. A total of 24 971 black patients with an incident histologically proven (>95%) cancer of any type were enrolled between 1995-2016. Response rates were >90%. Patients provided informed consent, lifestyle and demographic information using a structured questionnaire; 19 351 provided a serum sample and 18 972 a whole blood sample for genomic analyses. This is currently the largest cancer epidemiological biobank in Africa. JCS uses a cancer case-control method; controls being cancer types unrelated to exposures of interest. Published results show the importance of HIV in several cancers known to be infection associated e.g. Kaposi sarcoma (OR = 1683; CI = 595-5194) in those with high Kaposi-sarcoma-associated-herpesvirus titres; no effect of HIV on lung or liver cancer-in the latter showing a strong association with HBVDNA, sAg and c positivity (OR = 47; CI = 21-104). Comparable data to higher-income country studies include lung cancer ORs in relation to smoking (15+g tobacco/day) (ORMales = 37; CI = 21-67, ORFemales = 18.5; CI = 8-45) and associations between alcohol and oesophageal cancer in smokers (ORM&F = 4.4; CI = 3-6). Relationship between hormonal contraception declined to null 10 or more years after stopping for breast (OR = 1.1; CI = 0.9-1.4) and cervical cancer (OR = 1.0;CI = 0.8-1.2), and protective effects shown, five or more years after stopping for ovarian (OR = 0.6; CI = 0.4-1) and endometrial cancer (OR = 0.4; CI = 0.2-0.9). Preferential access is based on data requests promoting data pooling, equal collaborative opportunities and enhancement of research capacity in South Africa. The JCS is a practical and valid design in otherwise logistically difficult settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Carl Chen
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elvira Singh
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Mazvita Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Debbie Bradshaw
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher G Mathew
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Babb de Villiers
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia; Menzies Centre of Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
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21
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Kamiyango W, Villiera J, Silverstein A, Peckham-Gregory E, Campbell LR, El-Mallawany NK. Navigating the heterogeneous landscape of pediatric Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:749-758. [PMID: 31845111 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vivid descriptions of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) occurring in children and adolescents from central and eastern Africa originated over 50 years ago. Unique clinical characteristics of pediatric KS in Africa were well described within these geographic regions that were eventually understood to be endemic for human herpesvirus-8/Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (HHV-8/KSHV) infection, the causative agent of KS. Having catapulted in incidence with the HIV epidemic, KS is currently among the top five most common childhood cancers in numerous countries throughout the region. The main feature that differentiates the childhood form of KS from adult disease is clinical presentation with primarily bulging lymphadenopathy. This group of patients represents the most common clinical subtype of pediatric KS in KSHV-endemic regions. Lymphadenopathic KS in children is associated with other distinct features, such as sparse occurrence of prototypical hyperpigmented cutaneous lesions, frequent presentation with severe cytopenias and a normal CD4 count, and a fulminant clinical course if untreated with chemotherapy. Increased awareness and improved recognition of lymphadenopathic KS are critically important, particularly because this subset of patients typically experiences a favorable response to chemotherapy characterized by durable complete remission. Clinical phenotypes typically observed in adult KS also occur in children-mild/moderate disease limited to cutaneous and oral involvement, woody edema, and visceral disease. This review summarizes the heterogeneous patterns of disease presentation and treatment response observed among the divergent clinical phenotypes of pediatric KS, highlights additional KSHV-related malignancies, and explores some of the potential biological drivers of such clinical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kamiyango
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jimmy Villiera
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Allison Silverstein
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Global HOPE Program, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erin Peckham-Gregory
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence), Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Feigin Tower, Room 1025.16, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liane R Campbell
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Tanzania, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Nader Kim El-Mallawany
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Global HOPE (Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence), Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Feigin Tower, Room 1025.16, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Hasham K, Ahmed N, Zeshan B. Circulating microRNAs in oncogenic viral infections: potential diagnostic biomarkers. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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23
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[Off-label use of vincristine for intralesional treatment of isolated papules in Kaposi's sarcoma: Dermatologic experience with 10 patients]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 147:140-143. [PMID: 31810583 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhou QH, Guo YZ, Dai XH, Zhu B. Kaposi’s sarcoma manifested as lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a HIV/HBV-co-infected liver cirrhosis patient: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3090-3097. [PMID: 31624759 PMCID: PMC6795727 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i19.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common cancers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and leads to a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality. It usually appears as cutaneous or mucous lesions. Patients with visceral KS are asymptomatic and clinically silent. As the disease advances, patients may progress from a normal condition to exhibiting severe symptoms.
CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man presented with a 2-mo history of fever, bearing-down pain, and rectal bleeding. His hepatitis B virus DNA level was 2.7 ×107 IU/mL. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated liver cirrhosis. Before he was admitted to our hospital, he was diagnosed with HIV infection. His CD4 count was 24 cells/μL. Pelvic cavity CT suggested a thickened rectum wall accompanied by multiple enlarged lymph nodes. The patient was initially treated as having haemorrhoidal varices with bleeding, telbivudine for anti-hepatitis B virus treatment, and antibiotics for anti-infection. After half a month of treatment, the patient felt that his lower lumbus ache and bearing-down pain had not improved, and a colonoscopy was conducted. The result revealed a rectal mass that was histologically confirmed as KS with rectal spindle cells that were positive for cluster of differentiation 117 (CD117), CD34, human herpes virus 8, and CD31. He was administered systemic chemotherapy with 36 mg/d liposomal doxorubicin six times. The patient experienced no sign of lower gastrointestinal bleeding again.
CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnosis of primary KS with lower gastrointestinal bleeding in HIV-positive patients, which means visceral KS could not be excluded. The gold standard relies on colonoscopy and biopsy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Zhou
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Guo
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xia-Hong Dai
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Kluger N, Blomqvist C, Kivelä P. Kaposi sarcoma in Southern Finland (2006-2018). Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1258-1263. [PMID: 31222805 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) age-standardized incidence rate is below 0.3 per 100,000 in Nordic countries. Data on KS in Finland have been sparse. METHODS A retrospective review of all the patients with KS cases managed in the Helsinki University Central Hospital between 2006 and 2018. RESULTS Forty patients (median age at diagnosis 45 years, 38 males) were included. About 2.5 new cases were diagnosed per year (incidence 0.16 /100,000). The different subtypes of KS were: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (65%), classical KS (30%), and immunodepression (5%). Patients with HIV were significantly younger, more likely to have cutaneous lesions of the face, the trunk, and mucosal lesions, and KS within lymph nodes and inner organs. KS was diagnosed at the same time as HIV in 77% of cases, 28% with CD4-cell level above 300 cells/mm3 . Among the patients with classical KS (n = 12), 75% were of Finnish origin, 41% had a second primary malignancy diagnosed, and 25% had noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Among HIV patients, 27% had another AIDS-related illness, 7% of the patients developed lymphoproliferative disorders, and 7% a hemophagocytic syndrome. Patients with HIV were always treated with antiviral therapy, with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in 57% of the cases. Local radiotherapy was the main treatment for other KS types. None of the 5 deaths during follow-up was related to KS. CONCLUSIONS Classical KS (KS-CLA) occurs among native Finns, frequently with other present malignancies. Screening of HIV and other malignancies is warranted in new cases of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Inflammation, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Chelidze K, Thomas C, Chang AY, Freeman EE. HIV-Related Skin Disease in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Recognition and Management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:423-442. [PMID: 30806959 PMCID: PMC6581453 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). With increased survival and improved overall health, PLHIV are experiencing dermatologic issues both specific to HIV and common to the general population. In this new era of ART, it is crucial for dermatologists to have a strong understanding of the broad range of cutaneous disease and treatment options in this unique population. In this review, we outline the most common skin diseases in PLHIV, including HIV-associated malignancies, inflammatory conditions, and infections, and focus on the role of ART in altering epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatiya Chelidze
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Cristina Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Bartlett Hall 6R, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Aileen Yenting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Paranassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Esther Ellen Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Bartlett Hall 6R, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Zhang J, Pu XM, Xiong Y. kshv-mir-k12-1-5p promotes cell growth and metastasis by targeting SOCS6 in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4985-4995. [PMID: 31213914 PMCID: PMC6549767 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s198411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a highly disseminated angiogenic tumour of endothelial cells. Many deregulated miRNAs, including kshv-mir-k12-1-5p, have been identified in KS. kshv-mir-k12-1-5p plays important roles in KS. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the exact functions of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p in KS cells. Materials and methods: The biological functions of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p were studied using CCK-8, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays. Bioinformatics software was used to identify the target gene (SOCS6) of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p. A dual luciferase assay, Western blot (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were performed to further verify the target gene. The underlying molecular mechanisms of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p in KS cells were also explored. Results: kshv-mir-k12-1-5p can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of KS cells and inhibit cell apoptosis. Suppressor of cytokine signalling 6 (SOCS6) was identified as a direct target of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p, and kshv-mir-k12-1-5p can downregulate SOCS6 expression. In addition, knockdown of SOCS6 rescued the effects of kshv-mir-k12-1-5p inhibitor. Hence, a direct relationship between kshv-mir-k12-1-5p and SOCS6 was confirmed. Conclusions: kshv-mir-k12-1-5p promotes the malignant phenotype of KS cells by targeting SOCS6, suggesting that kshv-mir-k12-1-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Ming Pu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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28
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Demba RN, Shaviya N, Aradi SM, Mwanda W. Selected genes of Human herpesvirus-8 associated Kaposi's sarcoma among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 32:215. [PMID: 31404285 PMCID: PMC6675582 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.215.17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a kind of cancer that causes flat or raised lesions containing Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8). The KS lesions are common among immunosuppressed HIV patients. Highly Active Antiretroviral (HHART) treats and prevents the development of KS. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of K1 and K15 (predominant alleles) genes in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) among immunosuppressed patients due to HIV-1. METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study where consecutive sampling technique was adopted to pick archived tissue blocks from the Thematic Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Human Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Histology Section, Kenyatta National Hospital. RESULTS Upon staining 81 tissue blocks with H & E, 84% (68/81) were diagnosed as KS and 16% (13/81) as KS-like. The K1 and K15 (P) genes were both detected at 88.9% (72/81) in the tissue blocks, with 95.8% (69/72) detection from KS and 4.2% (3/72) from the KS-like. CONCLUSION The K1 and K15 (P) genes of KSHV were present among the immunosuppressed patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1. It is important to carry out K1 and K15 (P) genes detection on tissues that are diagnosed as KS or KS-like by histology technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodgers Norman Demba
- School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nathan Shaviya
- Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | | | - Walter Mwanda
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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29
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Hussein HAM, Alfhili MA, Pakala P, Simon S, Hussain J, McCubrey JA, Akula SM. miRNAs and their roles in KSHV pathogenesis. Virus Res 2019; 266:15-24. [PMID: 30951791 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD). Recent mechanistic advances have discerned the importance of microRNAs in the virus-host relationship. KSHV has two modes of replication: lytic and latent phase. KSHV entry into permissive cells, establishment of infection, and maintenance of latency are contingent upon successful modulation of the host miRNA transcriptome. Apart from host cell miRNAs, KSHV also encodes viral miRNAs. Among various cellular and molecular targets, miRNAs are appearing to be key players in regulating viral pathogenesis. Therefore, the use of miRNAs as novel therapeutics has gained considerable attention as of late. This innovative approach relies on either mimicking miRNA species by identical oligonucleotides, or selective silencing of miRNA with specific oligonucleotide inhibitors. Here, we provide an overview of KSHV pathogenesis at the molecular level with special emphasis on the various roles miRNAs play during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni A M Hussein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pranaya Pakala
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Sandra Simon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Jaffer Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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30
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Fang Q, Liu Z, Zhang T. Human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection outcomes: A call for deeper exploration. J Med Virol 2018; 91:541-548. [PMID: 30345532 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic background may influence the immunity to resist viral infection. As the most polymorphic loci in the entire human genome, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses to many invading pathogens. Studies have shown that an association might exist between HLA polymorphisms and susceptibility to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and associated diseases. However, discrepant conclusions were reached among different subjects with different detection methods. Therefore, it is now urgent to summarize current results and figure out the achievements and deficiencies of the existing research for the reference to future studies. A better understanding about the role of HLA polymorphisms in KSHV infection outcome would enable us to elucidate the pathways through which the virus evades the host defense system and improve strategies for the prevention and treatment of KSHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Blumenthal MJ, Schutz C, Meintjes G, Mohamed Z, Mendelson M, Ambler JM, Whitby D, Mackelprang RD, Carse S, Katz AA, Schäfer G. EPHA2 sequence variants are associated with susceptibility to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and Kaposi's sarcoma prevalence in HIV-infected patients. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 56:133-139. [PMID: 30176543 PMCID: PMC6206435 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if variations exist in the KSHV host receptor EPHA2's coding region that affect KSHV infectivity and/or KS prevalence among South African HIV-infected patients. METHODS A retrospective candidate gene association study was performed on 150 patients which were randomly selected from a total of 756 HIV-infected patients and grouped according to their KS status and KSHV serodiagnosis; namely group 1: KS+/KSHV+; group 2: KS-/KSHV+; group 3: KS-/KSHV-. Peripheral blood DNA was used to extract DNA and PCR amplify and sequence the entire EPHA2 coding region, which was compared to the NCBI reference through multiple alignment. RESULTS 100% (95% CI 92.9-100%) of the KS positive patients, and 31.6% (95% CI 28.3-35.1%) of the KS negative patients were found to be KSHV seropositive. Aggregate variation across the entire EPHA2 coding region identified an association with KS (OR = 6.6 (95% CI 2.8, 15.9), p = 2.2 × 10-5). This was primarily driven by variation in the functionally important protein tyrosine kinase domain (Pkinase-Tyr; OR = 4.9 (95% CI 1.9, 12.4), p = 0.001) and the sterile-α-motif (SAM; OR = 13.8 (95% CI 1.7, 111.6), p = 0.014). Mutation analysis revealed two novel, non-synonymous heterozygous variants (c.2254 T > C: OR undefined, adj. p = 0.02; and c.2990 G > T: OR undefined, adj. p = 0.04) in Pkinase-Tyr and SAM, respectively, to be statistically associated with KS; and a novel heterozygous transition (c.2727C > T: OR = 6.4 (95% CI 1.4, 28.4), adj. p = 0.03) in Pkinase-Tyr to be statistically associated with KSHV. CONCLUSIONS Variations in the KSHV entry receptor gene EPHA2 affected susceptibility to KSHV infection and KS development in a South African HIV-infected patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Blumenthal
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zainab Mohamed
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon M Ambler
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIH, USA
| | | | - Sinead Carse
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arieh A Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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32
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El Howati A, Tappuni A. Systematic review of the changing pattern of the oral manifestations of HIV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12351. [PMID: 30019446 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study paper was to review the reported prevalence of the oral manifestations of HIV (OM-HIV) worldwide since 1980, and to determine the global variation in its prevalence over time. PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar were searched. The filter "English" was used. The timeframe searched was 1980- 2015. The PRISMA flow chart was used. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute standardized data extraction form and transferred to SPSS version 22 for analysis. The systematic review of 97 studies (70 low bias risk) showed that the prevalence of OM-HIV continue to be significant in developing countries. Globally and through all the decades, oral candidiasis remained the most commonly encountered OM-HIV, including among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (26.2%). Hairy leukoplakia was more prevalent in Europe and America compared with Africa and Asia. Oral warts were reported more often in studies on patients receiving ART. Interestingly, salivary gland disease decreased in the developed world and increased in developing countries over time. Despite the changing pattern of these conditions over time, there is no evidence that the OM-HIV have become of less significance globally. Maintaining the drive for high-quality research in the subject will have an impact on less developed countries to help address oral health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Howati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Benghazi (Garyounis) University, Benghazi, Libya.,Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Anwar Tappuni
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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McTighe S, Rivard S, Letizia A, Logemann N, Sulit D, Marquart J. Recommendations for Counseling and Education of Service Members on Endemic African Cutaneous Kaposi Sarcoma: A Case Study. Mil Med 2018; 183:e334-e337. [PMID: 29590438 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Endemic African Cutaneous Kaposi Sarcoma (EACKS) on the lower extremity of an immunocompetent 31-yr-old male service member from Cameroon. Diagnosis was made using clinical and histologic findings. The service member was treated with local radiation therapy with resolution of his tumor.The goal of this article is to educate practitioners to counsel susceptible service members and leadership on the risk of developing EACKS when traveling to Sub-Saharan Africa, monitor for disease development, and guide in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane McTighe
- U.S. Army Aviation Medicine, Mendoza Clinic, 11335 SSG Sims Rd, Fort Bliss, TX
| | - Shayna Rivard
- Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD
| | - Andrew Letizia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD
| | - Nicholas Logemann
- Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD
| | - Daryl Sulit
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, Suite 300, San Diego, CA
| | - Jason Marquart
- Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD
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Pires CAA, Noronha MAN, Monteiro JCMS, da Costa ALC, Abreu Júnior JMDC. Kaposi's sarcoma in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a case series in a tertiary referral hospital. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:524-528. [PMID: 30066758 PMCID: PMC6063130 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare neoplasm with indolent progression. Since 1981, the Kaposi's sarcoma epidemic has increased as co-infection with HIV. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify the clinical and demographic characteristics and therapeutic approaches in HIV/AIDS patients in a regional referral hospital. METHODS We analyzed the medical records of 51 patients with histopathological diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma hospitalized at Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB) from 2004 to 2015. RESULTS The study sample consisted of individuals 15 to 44 years of age (80.4%), male (80.4%), single (86.3%), and residing in Greater Metropolitan Belém, Pará State, Brazil. The primary skin lesions identified at diagnosis were violaceous macules (45%) and violaceous papules (25%). Visceral involvement was seen in 62.7%, mainly affecting the stomach (75%). The most frequent treatment regimen was 2 NRTI + NNRTI, and 60.8% were referred to chemotherapy. STUDY LIMITATIONS We assumed that more patients had been admitted to hospital without histopathological confirmation or with pathology reports from other services, so that the current study probably underestimated the number of KS cases. CONCLUSION Although the cutaneous manifestations in most of these patients were non-exuberant skin lesions like macules and papules, many already showed visceral involvement. Meticulous screening of these patients is thus mandatory, even if the skin lesions are subtle and localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andréa Avelar Pires
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal do
Pará, Belém (PA), Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Pará,
Belém (PA), Brazil
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35
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Vangipuram R, Tyring SK. Epidemiology of Kaposi sarcoma: review and description of the nonepidemic variant. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:538-542. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Vangipuram
- Department of Dermatology University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston Houston TX USA
- Center for Clinical Studies Houston TX USA
| | - Stephen K. Tyring
- Department of Dermatology University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston Houston TX USA
- Center for Clinical Studies Houston TX USA
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36
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El-Mallawany NK, McAtee CL, Campbell LR, Kazembe PN. Pediatric Kaposi sarcoma in context of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa: current perspectives. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2018; 9:35-46. [PMID: 29722363 PMCID: PMC5919159 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s142816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The global experience with pediatric Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has evolved immensely since the onset of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). In this review, current perspectives on childhood KS are discussed in the context of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Endemic (HIV-unrelated) KS was first described over 50 years ago in central and eastern Africa, regions where human herpesvirus-8, the causative agent of KS, is endemic. With the alarming rise in HIV prevalence over the past few decades, KS has become not only the most common HIV-related malignancy in Africa, but also one of the most common overall childhood cancers throughout the central, eastern, and southern regions of the continent. The unique clinical features of pediatric KS that were described in those early endemic KS reports have been re-affirmed by the contemporary experience with HIV-related KS. These characteristics include a predilection for primary lymph node involvement, significant proportions of patients lacking prototypical cutaneous lesions, and the potential for fulminant disease progression. Other clinical features that distinguish childhood KS from adult disease include disease presentation with severe cytopenias, and the common occurrence of childhood KS without severe CD4 count suppression. Distinct clinical heterogeneity in disease presentation and treatment response have been demonstrated. Long-term complete remission and event-free survival can be achieved—especially in children with lymphadenopathic KS—utilizing treatment with antiretroviral therapy plus mild–moderate chemotherapy regimens that are well tolerated, even in low-income settings. A pediatric-specific staging classification and risk-stratification platform have been retrospectively validated, and may help guide therapeutic strategies. With expansion of the HIV treatment infrastructure throughout Africa, coupled with recent developments in establishing comprehensive pediatric oncology programs, there is great potential for improving outcomes for children with KS. Increased awareness of the unique clinical nuances and collaborative evaluations of pediatric-specific treatment paradigms are required to optimize survival for children with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Kim El-Mallawany
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Casey L McAtee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liane R Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Tanzania, Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Peter N Kazembe
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Malawi, Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children's Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Pediatrics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
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Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in KSHV Infection. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030085. [PMID: 29558453 PMCID: PMC5876660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or Human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8), an oncogenic human herpesvirus and the leading cause of cancer in HIV-infected individuals, is a major public health concern with recurring reports of epidemics on a global level. The early detection of KSHV virus and subsequent activation of the antiviral immune response by the host’s immune system are crucial to prevent KSHV infection. The host’s immune system is an evolutionary conserved system that provides the most important line of defense against invading microbial pathogens, including viruses. Viruses are initially detected by the cells of the host innate immune system, which evoke concerted antiviral responses via the secretion of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines for elimination of the invaders. Type I IFN and cytokine gene expression are regulated by multiple intracellular signaling pathways that are activated by germline-encoded host sensors, i.e., pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize a conserved set of ligands, known as ‘pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)’. On the contrary, persistent and dysregulated signaling of PRRs promotes numerous tumor-causing inflammatory events in various human cancers. Being an integral component of the mammalian innate immune response and due to their constitutive activation in tumor cells, targeting PRRs appears to be an effective strategy for tumor prevention and/or treatment. Cellular PRRs are known to respond to KSHV infection, and KSHV has been shown to be armed with an array of strategies to selectively inhibit cellular PRR-based immune sensing to its benefit. In particular, KSHV has acquired specific immunomodulatory genes to effectively subvert PRR responses during the early stages of primary infection, lytic reactivation and latency, for a successful establishment of a life-long persistent infection. The current review aims to comprehensively summarize the latest advances in our knowledge of role of PRRs in KSHV infections.
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38
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Pfeffer U, Ferrari N, Morini M, Benelli R, Noonan DM, Albini A. Antiangiogenic Activity of Chemopreventive Drugs. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 18:70-4. [PMID: 12699068 DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumors growing within the host form dynamic aberrant tissue that consists of host components, including the stroma, an expanding vasculature and often chronic inflammation, in addition to the tumor cells themselves. These host components can contribute to, rather than limit, tumor expansion, whereas deprivation of vessel formation has the potential to confine tumors in small, clinically silent foci. Therapeutic inhibition of vessel formation could be best suited to preventive strategies aimed at the suppression of angiogenesis in primary tumors in subjects at risk, or of micrometastases after surgical removal of a primary tumor. Our analysis of potential cancer chemopreventive molecules including N-acetylcysteine, green tea flavonoids and 4-hydroxyphenyl-retinamide has identified antiangiogenic activities that could account -at least in part - for the tumor prevention effects observed with these compounds. These drugs appear to target common mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis that may permit identification of critical targets for antiangiogenic therapy and antiangiogenic chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Ueda K. KSHV Genome Replication and Maintenance in Latency. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1045:299-320. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Wu XJ, Zhao ZF, Kang XJ, Wang HJ, Zhao J, Pu XM. MicroRNA-126-3p suppresses cell proliferation by targeting PIK3R2 in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36614-36621. [PMID: 27191494 PMCID: PMC5095025 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is a highly vascular tumor of lymphatic endothelial origin. Many deregulated miRNAs, including miR-126-3p, have been identified in Kaposi's sarcoma tissues. miR-126-3p is the most highly endothelial-specific miRNA that regulates vascular integrity and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of miR-126-3p on Kaposi's sarcoma cells through transfection of a miRNA mimic and inhibitor. Moreover, we searched the target gene (PIK3R2) of miR-126-3p using bioinformatics software and further verified PIK3R2 using luciferase reporter assays, Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The results demonstrated that miR-126-3p inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle progression, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion of SLK cells. The bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that PIK3R2 mRNA is a direct target of miR-126-3p. Moreover, the level of expression of the PIK3R2 gene was downregulated in SLK cells transfected with miR-126-3p siRNAs. Therefore, our data demonstrated that miR-126-3p is a tumor suppressor miRNA that acts by targeting PIK3R2 in Kaposi's sarcoma cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zong-Feng Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong-Juan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiong-Ming Pu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang, Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Liu Z, Fang Q, Zuo J, Chen Y, Minhas V, Wood C, Zhang T. Global epidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 in men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2017; 90:582-591. [PMID: 28975631 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) were highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), while the epidemiologic features of HHV8 among MSM remain obscure. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the burden of HHV8 in MSM. Electronic databases were searched for publications on HHV8 epidemiologic characteristics among MSM. Random-effect meta-analysis was applied to combine the HHV8 seroprevalence in MSM and odds ratios (ORs) for associated risk factors. Meta-regression and stratified analyses were performed to detect the potential sources of heterogeneity. The pooled HHV8 seroprevalence in MSM was 33.0% (95%CI 29.2%-37.1%). Significant factors associated with HHV8 included HIV (OR 3.70, 95%CI 2.93-4.67), STDs (OR 2.32, 95%CI 1.82-2.97), and high risk sexual behaviors (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.17-1.92). Race (OR 1.44, 95%CI 0.94-2.12) and multiple sexual partners (OR 1.61, 95%CI 0.95-2.72) were also associated with HHV8 (P < 0.10). We found no significant association between IDU and HHV8 (OR 1.44, 95%CI 0.06-32.47). HHV8 is highly prevalent among MSM and the high risk behaviors may facilitate the transmission of this virus. This situation could be of significant public health importance, especially in the context of HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Veenu Minhas
- Nebraska Center of Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Charles Wood
- Nebraska Center of Virology and the School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Wang Z, Wu YB, Xu LL, Jin ML, Diao XL, Wang XJ, Tong ZH, Shi HZ. Diagnostic value of medical thoracoscopy in malignant pleural effusion induced by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8092-8099. [PMID: 29344253 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) appears in up to 20% of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of medical thoracoscopy (MT) in the diagnosis of patients with MPE induced by NHL. Between July 2005 and June 2014, 833 patients with pleural effusions of unknown etiology underwent MT in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (Beijing, China), where diagnostic thoracocentesis or/and blind pleural biopsy had failed to yield an answer. Demographic, radiographic, thoracoscopic, histological and immunophenotyping data of 10 NHL patients with MPE were then retrospectively analyzed. Under medical thoracoscopy, pleural nodules (in n=6 patients), hyperemia (n=5), plaque-like lesions (n=4), pleural thickening (n=3), cellulose (n=3), ulcer (n=2), adhesion (n=2), and scattered hemorrhagic spots (n=1) were observed on the surface of parietal pleura. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of pleural biopsy samples led to a correct diagnosis of B-cell NHL in 7 patients and T-lymphoblastic NHL in 2 patients. Data from the present study demonstrated that pleural biopsy through MT achieved a definite diagnosis of NHL in 9 out of 10 (90%) patients with MPE induced by NHL. Therefore, MT is a useful method for diagnosing MPE induced by NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Lan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Diao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Volkow P, Cesarman-Maus G, Garciadiego-Fossas P, Rojas-Marin E, Cornejo-Juárez P. Clinical characteristics, predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and long-term prognosis in patients with Kaposi sarcoma. AIDS Res Ther 2017; 14:30. [PMID: 28558783 PMCID: PMC5450046 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-017-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the predictive factors for the development of Kaposi sarcoma-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (KS-IRIS) and long-term prognosis in patients starting combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods We studied a retrospective-cohort of consecutive antiretroviral-naïve patients with KS initiating cART from January 2005 to December 2011 and followed through June 2013. KS-IRIS was defined as ≥2 of the following: abrupt increase in number of KS lesions, appearance or exacerbation of lung-opacities or lymphedema, concomitantly with an increase in CD4+ cell-count ≥50 cells/mm3 and a decrease of >1 log in viral-load once started cART. We compared individuals who met KS-IRIS criteria with those that did not and described the long-term follow-up. Results We included 89 patients, 88 males; 35 (39%) developed KS-IRIS at a median of 10 weeks (IQR 4–16). KS-IRIS patients had more pulmonary-involvement (60% vs. 16.6% of patients; p < 0.0001), eight died attributed to pulmonary-KS. Thrombocytopenia <100,000/mm3 at follow-up occurred in 36% of KS-IRIS vs. 4% in non-KS-IRIS patients (p = 0.0002), 45% KS-IRIS patients with thrombocytopenia died, non without KS-IRIS. Chemotherapy (bleomicyn–vincristine) was more frequently prescribed in KS-IRIS patients (88.6% vs. 29.6%) with no differences in outcome; 80% of all patients achieve KS complete remission, 52% of them never received chemotherapy. No difference between groups in the long-term follow-up (mean 52.4 ± 27.4 months) was found, only one patient developed a secondary malignancy (1.12%). Conclusions Lung-involvement was predictive of IRIS development. Thrombocytopenia in KS-IRIS patients at week 12 follow-up after cART initiation was associated with high mortality. Over a third of patients with KS achieve remission without chemotherapy. Individuals that survive the initial period of KS-IRIS adhere to cART had a good long-term prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12981-017-0156-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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44
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Sikora AG, Shnayder Y, Yee H, DeLacure MD. Oropharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma in Related Persons Negative for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 117:172-6. [DOI: 10.1177/000348940811700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor that can affect the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Although KS is the most common malignancy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, it is rare in immunocompetent persons. We describe an unusual presentation of KS in 2 related individuals and describe our attempts to determine whether oropharyngeal KS is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Methods: All relevant clinical and surgical information, including information on tumor histopathologic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serologic tests, was abstracted from the patient charts and electronic databases. HHV-8 immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-fixed specimens. Results: Both patient 1 and patient 2 (the nephew of patient 1) were referred for workup of a tonsillar mass that was pathologically confirmed to be KS. In each case, HIV serologic testing was negative, and a screening immunologic workup, including a quantitative natural killer cell count, a B- and T-lymphocyte count, and immunoglobulin analysis, also yielded findings that were within normal limits. Immunohistochemistry performed on 1 pathological specimen showed positive staining for the presence of HHV-8, the etiologic agent of KS. Conclusions: The presence of oropharyngeal KS in 2 related HIV-negative individuals supports a role for genetic factors in susceptibility to KS, a common exposure to an infectious agent such as HHV-8, or both. Whereas most KS cases in industrialized countries are associated with immunodeficiency, clinical and laboratory data do not suggest that either of the patients described in this report are immunodeficient. Their susceptibility to KS may be secondary to a subtle inherited defect in host resistance to HHV-8, or another unknown factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Sikora
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yelizaveta Shnayder
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Herman Yee
- Departments of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark D. DeLacure
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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45
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Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Reyes-Terán G. Confusion in the Study of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Pathog Immun 2017; 2:126-137. [PMID: 28736762 PMCID: PMC5519094 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v2i1.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of late presentation for HIV care, a significant proportion of individuals develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) soon after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Incidence, predictors, and models of pathogenesis of IRIS vary in the literature. Here we discuss factors that may contribute to this lack of consensus. We propose that different pathogens drive different types of IRIS and suggest that these clinical conditions should be studied individually and not grouped under the general heading of "IRIS."
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City
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46
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Auten M, Kim AS, Bradley KT, Rosado FG. Human herpesvirus 8-related diseases: Histopathologic diagnosis and disease mechanisms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2017; 34:371-376. [PMID: 28502522 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of HIV/AIDS more than three decades ago led to an increased incidence of diseases caused by HHV8 co-infection, particularly Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. Over time, the development of highly effective AIDS therapies has resulted in a decreased incidence of HHV8-associated entities, which are now more commonly found in patients with undiagnosed and/or untreated AIDS. Due to their rarity, some of these diseases may be difficult to recognize without appropriate clinical information. This article provides an overview of HHV8-related disorders, with a focus on their morphologic and phenotypic features, and includes a brief overview of laboratory methods used to detect HHV8. Disease mechanisms by which the HHV8 virion promotes tumorigenesis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Auten
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, United States.
| | - Annette S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States.
| | - Kyle T Bradley
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Flavia G Rosado
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr, Room 2146F/HSC North, United States.
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Zhong C, Xu M, Wang Y, Xu J, Yuan Y. An APE1 inhibitor reveals critical roles of the redox function of APE1 in KSHV replication and pathogenic phenotypes. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006289. [PMID: 28380040 PMCID: PMC5381946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
APE1 is a multifunctional protein with a DNA base excision repair function in its C-terminal domain and a redox activity in its N-terminal domain. The redox function of APE1 converts certain transcription factors from inactive oxidized to active reduced forms. Given that among the APE1-regulated transcription factors many are critical for KSHV replication and pathogenesis, we investigated whether inhibition of APE1 redox function blocks KSHV replication and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) phenotypes. With an shRNA-mediated silencing approach and a known APE-1 redox inhibitor, we demonstrated that APE1 redox function is indeed required for KSHV replication as well as KSHV-induced angiogenesis, validating APE1 as a therapeutic target for KSHV-associated diseases. A ligand-based virtual screening yielded a small molecular compound, C10, which is proven to bind to APE1. C10 exhibits low cytotoxicity but efficiently inhibits KSHV lytic replication (EC50 of 0.16 μM and selective index of 165) and KSHV-mediated pathogenic phenotypes including cytokine production, angiogenesis and cell invasion, demonstrating its potential to become an effective drug for treatment of KS. As a major AIDS-associated malignancy, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Currently there is no definitive cure for KS. In this study, we identified a cellular protein, namely APE1, as an effective therapeutic target for blocking KSHV replication and inhibiting the development of KS phenotypes. We showed that the redox function of APE1 is absolutely required for KSHV replication, virally induced cytokine secretion and angiogenesis. Blockade of APE1 expression or inhibition of APE1 redox activity led to inhibition of KSHV replication and reduction of cytokine release and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we identified a novel small molecular compound, C10, which exhibited specific inhibitory activity on APE1 redox function and was demonstrated to efficiently inhibit KSHV replication and paracrine-mediated KS phenotypes such as angiogenesis and cell invasion. As a potent inhibitor of APE1 redox, C10 not only has value in development of a novel therapeutics for KS, but also may be used in therapies for other human diseases such as leukemia, pancreatic cancer and macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JX)
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YY); (JX)
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Salgüero Fernández I, Alfageme Roldán F, Suarez Massa D, Roustan Gullón G. Rapidly Progressive Infiltrated Plaques in a Transplant Recipient. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Pourcher V, Desnoyer A, Assoumou L, Lebbe C, Curjol A, Marcelin AG, Cardon F, Gibowski S, Salmon D, Chennebault JM, Poizot-Martin I, Peytavin G, Boué F, Costagliola D. Phase II Trial of Lenalidomide in HIV-Infected Patients with Previously Treated Kaposi's Sarcoma: Results of the ANRS 154 Lenakap Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:1-10. [PMID: 27405442 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide, an oral immunomodulating agent, has shown promising activity in HIV-infected individuals with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). This single-arm, multicenter, open-label, Gehan's two-stage phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in HIV-infected patients with progressive KS despite previous chemotherapy (NCT01282047, ANRS 154 Lenakap trial). The primary endpoint was the rate of partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) at week 24, evaluated by both the study investigators and the patients using the Physical Global Assessment (PGA). AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) criteria for KS treatment evaluation were used as a secondary endpoint. The data and safety monitoring board recommended that enrollments be halted on April 24, 2013, because of lack of responses. We enrolled 12 antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected men with progressive KS despite previous chemotherapy. Their HIV plasma viral load was <50 copies/ml and their median CD4 cell count 444/mm3. One patient stopped taking lenalidomide because of hives at week 1 and a second patient died at week 7. The remaining 10 patients were assessable at week 24, when none had PGA-defined CR or PR and one had ACTG-defined PR. There were no additional PGA responses at week 48, but an additional three patients had ACTG responses, for a total of four patients with ACTG PR at week 48 (40%; 95% confidence interval: 12.2-73.8). Fourteen grade 3-4 adverse events were considered at least possibly related to lenalidomide during a total of 101 cycles. Lenalidomide was well tolerated in antiretroviral experienced patients with progressive KS previously treated with chemotherapy. The ACTG-defined response rate at week 48 was 40%, while it was 0% using PGA criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pourcher
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris Univ 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S996, Clamart, France
| | - Aude Desnoyer
- INSERM UMR-S996, Clamart, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Département de Pharmaco-Toxicologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMR 1136), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbe
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Louis, Service de Dermatologie, Paris, France
- INSERM U976, CIC et Dermatologie, Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Curjol
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMR 1136), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMR 1136), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Cardon
- ANRS (France REcherche Nord&Sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), Clinical and Therapeutic Research on HIV/AIDS Office, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Gibowski
- ANRS (France REcherche Nord&Sud Sida-hiv Hépatites), Clinical Research Safety Office, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Poizot-Martin
- APHM Sainte-Marguerite, Service d'Immunohématologie Clinique, Marseille, France
- INSERM U912 (SESSTIM), Université Aix Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Département de Pharmaco-Toxicologie Clinique, Paris, France
- INSERM, IAME UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - François Boué
- INSERM UMR-S996, Clamart, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Clamart, France
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMR 1136), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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Curtiss P, Strazzulla LC, Friedman-Kien AE. An Update on Kaposi's Sarcoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 6:465-470. [PMID: 27804093 PMCID: PMC5120640 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma is an angioproliferative neoplasm which has undergone considerable epidemiologic change since the original description by Moritz Kaposi in the late 1800s. This opportunistic neoplasm gained widespread notoriety within the US during the height of the AIDS epidemic, where it was frequently found co-occurring with opportunistic infections. With the advent of modern antiretroviral therapies, as well as an increasing number of individuals on immunosuppression for autoimmune disease or organ transplantation, the landscape of the immunocompromised individual has changed. It is now important for clinicians to be mindful of Kaposi’s sarcoma manifesting in a growing variety of clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Curtiss
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren C Strazzulla
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvin E Friedman-Kien
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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