1
|
Campbell MJ, Beenken KE, Ramirez AM, Smeltzer MS. The major role of sarA in limiting Staphylococcus aureus extracellular protease production in vitro is correlated with decreased virulence in diverse clinical isolates in osteomyelitis. Virulence 2023; 14:2175496. [PMID: 36748843 PMCID: PMC9928472 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2175496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that MgrA, SarA, SarR, SarS, SarZ, and Rot bind at least three of the four promoters associated with genes encoding primary extracellular proteases in Staphylococcus aureus (Aur, ScpA, SspA/SspB, SplA-F). We also showed that mutation of sarA results in a greater increase in protease production, and decrease in biofilm formation, than mutation of the loci encoding any of these other proteins. However, these conclusions were based on in vitro studies. Thus, the goal of the experiments reported here was to determine the relative impact of the regulatory loci encoding these proteins in vivo. To this end, we compared the virulence of mgrA, sarA, sarR, sarS, sarZ, and rot mutants in a murine osteomyelitis model. Mutants were generated in the methicillin-resistant USA300 strain LAC and the methicillin-sensitive USA200 strain UAMS-1, which was isolated directly from the bone of an osteomyelitis patient during surgical debridement. Mutation of mgrA and rot limited virulence to a statistically significant extent in UAMS-1, but not in LAC, while the sarA mutant exhibited reduced virulence in both strains. The reduced virulence of the sarA mutant was correlated with reduced cytotoxicity for osteoblasts and osteoclasts, reduced biofilm formation, and reduced sensitivity to the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin, all of which were directly attributable to increased protease production in both LAC and UAMS-1. These results illustrate the importance of considering diverse clinical isolates when evaluating the impact of regulatory mutations on virulence and demonstrate the significance of SarA in limiting protease production in vivo in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara J. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Karen E. Beenken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aura M. Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bamisaye A, Eromosele CO, Dare EO, Akinloye OA, Idowu MA, Ighodaro OM, Manickam S. Fabrication, characterization, antimicrobial, toxicity and potential drug-delivery studies of PEGylated Sesamum indicum oil based nanoemulsion system. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The actively mutating properties of disease-causing pathogens and GI intolerance associated with certain antibiotics among other challenges necessitated the adoption of colloidal system for drug delivery. Nanoemulsions (Ciprofloxacin (Cp) -loaded and non-drug loaded) were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method, characterized using Cryo-TEM, FTIR and Zetasizer. Antimicrobial activities were carried out using agar well diffusion method on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. The in-vitro and dermal toxicological assessment were carried out using adult Wistar rats.
Results
The Cryo-TEM micrographs showed spherical morphology while zetasizer results showed polydispersity index (PDI), mean droplet size and zeta potential (ZP) of 0.553, 124.3 ± 0.29 nm and − 15.3 mV respectively for non-drug loaded sesame oil-based emulsion (SOAB). While 0.295, 244.8 ± 0.33 nm and − 5.54 mV were recorded for Cp-loaded sesame oil-based emulsion (SOAB + Cp). The effective voltage charge of the emulsions was 147.4 V. FTIR results of Cp recorded O–H adsorption value of 3429 cm−1, while SOAB and SOAB + Cp showed superimposition at 3427.76 cm−1 showing no drug-excipient interactions. No skin irritation was observed after 14 days of skin corrosion assessment. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in body weight gain of both test and control animals, the treatment did not cause any observable alterations in blood-chemistry parameters and hematological indices. Photomicrographs of liver and heart shows an uncompromised histological architecture.
Conclusion
The finding of the study shows a skin friendly, nanosized, spherical negatively charged emulsion with no cardiotoxic, hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects on Wistar rats, and as such appears promising as a safe vehicle for drug delivery.
Graphical Abstract
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang S, Wang B, Li J, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Liu H, Wen X. Genetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Features of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemics in Guiyang, Southwest China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7189-7206. [PMID: 36514797 PMCID: PMC9741838 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s392434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogens of community- and hospital-acquired infections, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Guiyang is the capital city of Guizhou Province, Southwest China; as the transport and tourism centre of Southwest China, Guizhou Province is bordered by Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guangxi Provinces. Although MRSA prevalence is increasing, little is known about its aspects in the area. The purpose of this study was to analyse MRSA molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes in Guiyang. Methods In total, 209 MRSA isolates from four hospitals (2019-2020) were collected and analysed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular classification by the MLST, spa, and SCCmec typing methods. Isolate antibiotic resistance rates were detected by a drug susceptibility assays. PCR amplification was used to detect the virulence gene-carrying status. Results Twenty-four STs, including 4 new STs (ST7346, ST7347, ST7348, and ST7247) and 3 new allelic mutations, were identified based on MLST. The major prevalent ST type and clone complex were ST59 (49.8%) and CC59 (62.7%), respectively. Spa type t437 (42.1%) and SCCmec IV (55.5%) were identified by spa and SCCmec typing methods as the most important types. Drug sensitivity data showed that the multidrug resistance rate was 79.0%. There were significant differences in multidrug resistance rates and virulence gene-carrying rates for seb, hla, hlb, cna and bap between ST59 and non-ST59 types. Conclusion ST59-SCCmecIV-t437 is a major epidemic clone in Guiyang that should be monitored by local medical and health institutions. The situation differs from other adjacent or middle provinces of China, which may be due to the special geographical location of the region and the trend in antibiotic use or lifestyle. This study provides empirical evidence for local medical and health departments to prevent and control the spread of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SuWen Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Basic Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China,Engineering Research Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China,People’s Hospital of Kaiyang, Guiyang, 550300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Microbial Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China
| | - HongMei Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoJun Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Basic Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: XiaoJun Wen; HongMei Liu, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anthroponotic-Based Transfer of Staphylococcus to Dog: A Case Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070802. [PMID: 35890046 PMCID: PMC9316149 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although usually harmless, Staphylococcus spp. can cause nosocomial and community-onset skin and soft tissue infections in both humans and animals; thus, it is considered a significant burden for healthcare systems worldwide. Companion animals have been identified as potential reservoirs of pathogenic Staphylococcus with specific reference to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, we investigated the circulation and the genetic relationships of a collection of Staphylococcus spp. isolates in a family composed of four adults (a mother, father, grandmother, and grandfather), one child, and a dog, which were sampled over three years. The routes of transmission among humans and between humans and the dog werelyzed. The results displayed the circulation of many Staphylococcus lineages, belonging to different species and sequence types (ST) and being related to both human and pet origins. However, among the observed host-switch events, one of them clearly underpinnthroponotic route from a human to a dog. This suggests that companion animals can potentially have a role as a carrier of Staphylococcus, thus posing a serious concern about MRSA spreading within human and animal microbial communities.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gómez-Zorrilla S, Sendra E, Horcajada JP. A profile of delafloxacin in the treatment of adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:671-688. [PMID: 35838033 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is the most common infectious cause of hospital admission in adults, and poses a significant clinical and economic burden. At the same time, antimicrobial resistance is increasing worldwide with only a few new antibiotics developed in recent years. Delafloxacin is an anionic fluoroquinolone available in intravenous and oral formulations and with a broad spectrum of activity targeting Gram-positives, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), gram-negative organisms, and atypical and anaerobic organisms. It also has a better adverse event profile compared to other fluoroquinolones. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the current epidemiology of CABP, etiologic agents and current resistance rates, current treatment guidelines, characteristics of delafloxacin (chemistry, microbiology, PK/PD), clinical efficacy and safety in pneumonia and other indications, and regulatory affairs. EXPERT OPINION : Delafloxacin's susceptibility profile against respiratory pathogens, bioequivalent intravenous and oral formulations and favorable safety profile, support its use for the treatment of CABP. It could be useful as empirical treatment in countries with high rates of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae and in patients with suspected or documented pneumonia due to MRSA. In post-influenza staphylococcal bacterial pneumonia, MRSA could be also considered an important pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sendra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P Horcajada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spaan AN, Neehus AL, Laplantine E, Staels F, Ogishi M, Seeleuthner Y, Rapaport F, Lacey KA, Van Nieuwenhove E, Chrabieh M, Hum D, Migaud M, Izmiryan A, Lorenzo L, Kochetkov T, Heesterbeek DAC, Bardoel BW, DuMont AL, Dobbs K, Chardonnet S, Heissel S, Baslan T, Zhang P, Yang R, Bogunovic D, Wunderink HF, Haas PJA, Molina H, Van Buggenhout G, Lyonnet S, Notarangelo LD, Seppänen MRJ, Weil R, Seminario G, Gomez-Tello H, Wouters C, Mesdaghi M, Shahrooei M, Bossuyt X, Sag E, Topaloglu R, Ozen S, Leavis HL, van Eijk MMJ, Bezrodnik L, Blancas Galicia L, Hovnanian A, Nassif A, Bader-Meunier B, Neven B, Meyts I, Schrijvers R, Puel A, Bustamante J, Aksentijevich I, Kastner DL, Torres VJ, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A, Abel L, Boisson B, Casanova JL. Human OTULIN haploinsufficiency impairs cell-intrinsic immunity to staphylococcal α-toxin. Science 2022; 376:eabm6380. [PMID: 35587511 PMCID: PMC9233084 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of interindividual clinical variability upon infection with Staphylococcus aureus is unclear. We describe patients with haploinsufficiency for the linear deubiquitinase OTULIN, encoded by a gene on chromosome 5p. Patients suffer from episodes of life-threatening necrosis, typically triggered by S. aureus infection. The disorder is phenocopied in patients with the 5p- (Cri-du-Chat) chromosomal deletion syndrome. OTULIN haploinsufficiency causes an accumulation of linear ubiquitin in dermal fibroblasts, but tumor necrosis factor receptor-mediated nuclear factor κB signaling remains intact. Blood leukocyte subsets are unaffected. The OTULIN-dependent accumulation of caveolin-1 in dermal fibroblasts, but not leukocytes, facilitates the cytotoxic damage inflicted by the staphylococcal virulence factor α-toxin. Naturally elicited antibodies against α-toxin contribute to incomplete clinical penetrance. Human OTULIN haploinsufficiency underlies life-threatening staphylococcal disease by disrupting cell-intrinsic immunity to α-toxin in nonleukocytic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András N Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Sorbonne University, 75724 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche St. Louis, Hôpital St. Louis, INSERM U944, CNRS U7212, Paris Cité University, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Frederik Staels
- Laboratory for Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Keenan A Lacey
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Laboratory for Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Hum
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Araksya Izmiryan
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Kochetkov
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dani A C Heesterbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart W Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ashley L DuMont
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Solenne Chardonnet
- Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, P3S, UMS Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Herman F Wunderink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan A Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Griet Van Buggenhout
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Rare Disease and Pediatric Research Centers, Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Weil
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Sorbonne University, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Gisela Seminario
- Center for Clinical Immunology, Immunology Group Children's Hospital Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Gomez-Tello
- Immunology Department, Poblano Children's Hospital, 72190 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carine Wouters
- Laboratory for Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehrnaz Mesdaghi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 15468-155514 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Specialized Immunology Laboratory of Dr. Shahrooei, Sina Medical Complex, 15468-155514 Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erdal Sag
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten M J van Eijk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Liliana Bezrodnik
- Center for Clinical Immunology, Immunology Group Children's Hospital Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Alain Hovnanian
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aude Nassif
- Centre Médical, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Network Center, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Laboratory for Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory for Adaptive Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu Y, Vibhute S, Li L, Okumu A, Ratigan SC, Nolan S, Papa JL, Mann CA, English A, Chen A, Seffernick JT, Koci B, Duncan LR, Roth B, Cummings JE, Slayden RA, Lindert S, McElroy CA, Wozniak DJ, Yalowich J, Mitton-Fry MJ. Optimization of TopoIV Potency, ADMET Properties, and hERG Inhibition of 5-Amino-1,3-dioxane-Linked Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Identification of a Lead with In Vivo Efficacy against MRSA. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15214-15249. [PMID: 34614347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) are among the most promising new antibiotics in preclinical/clinical development. We previously reported dioxane-linked NBTIs with potent antistaphylococcal activity and reduced hERG inhibition, a key safety liability. Herein, polarity-focused optimization enabled the delineation of clear structure-property relationships for both microsomal metabolic stability and hERG inhibition, resulting in the identification of lead compound 79. This molecule demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against diverse Gram-positive pathogens, inhibition of both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, a low frequency of resistance, a favorable in vitro cardiovascular safety profile, and in vivo efficacy in a murine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Lu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Linsen Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Antony Okumu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven C Ratigan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sheri Nolan
- Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan L Papa
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chelsea A Mann
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anthony English
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anna Chen
- Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Justin T Seffernick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Bryan Koci
- Eurofins Panlabs, St. Charles, Missouri 63304, United States
| | | | - Brieanna Roth
- JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa 52317, United States
| | - Jason E Cummings
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard A Slayden
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Craig A McElroy
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jack Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark J Mitton-Fry
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu Y, Papa JL, Nolan S, English A, Seffernick JT, Shkolnikov N, Powell J, Lindert S, Wozniak DJ, Yalowich J, Mitton-Fry MJ. Dioxane-Linked Amide Derivatives as Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors against Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2446-2454. [PMID: 33335666 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) have been developed as future antibacterials for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. A series of dioxane-linked NBTIs with an amide moiety has been synthesized and evaluated. Compound 3 inhibits DNA gyrase, induces the formation of single strand breaks to bacterial DNA, and achieves potent antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Optimization of this series of analogues led to the discovery of a subseries of compounds (22-25) with more potent anti-MRSA activity, dual inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, and the ability to induce double strand breaks through inhibition of S. aureus DNA gyrase.
Collapse
|
9
|
Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive novel sequence type 5959 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction in a 1-month-old infant. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:103-106. [PMID: 32988732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a pathogen of major importance in pediatric patients. CA-MRSA can cause skin and soft tissue infection in children and young active adults with no predisposing factors, and life-threatening infections such as meningitis or necrotizing pneumonia have been reported. We report here a case of CA-MRSA meningitis complicated by acute left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in a previously healthy 1-month-old Vietnamese boy. He was firstly treated with vancomycin, but changed to linezolid because of persistent fever and low vancomycin trough level. He recovered successfully with residual right-sided hemiparesis. The mode of transmission of CA-MRSA and the mechanism of cerebral infarction (thrombotic or embolic) were unknown. The isolate was genotyped as staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec type V with a novel sequence type (ST) 5959 harboring the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. ST 5959 is a double locus variant of ST 59, which is a major PVL-positive CA-MRSA strain isolated in invasive disease in Asian countries. This case report may serve as a warning about the dissemination of PVL-positive CA-MRSA in and around Japan, with the possibility of causing serious life-threatening disease. The potential of linezolid for the treatment of MRSA meningitis as one of the alternative MRSA therapeutic drugs is also discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xia H, Gao J, Xiu M, Li D. Community-acquired pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Chinese adult: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20914. [PMID: 32590802 PMCID: PMC7329007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been established as an important cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with very high mortality. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing MRSA has been reported to be associated with necrotizing pneumonia and worse outcome. The incidence of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) pneumonia is very low, as only a few CA-MRSA pneumonia cases were reported in the last few years. We present a case of severe CAP caused by PVL-positive MRSA with ensuing septic shock. PATIENT CONCERNS A 68-year-old male with no concerning medical history had developed a fever that reached 39.0°C, a productive cough that was sustained for 5 days, and hypodynamia. He was treated with azithromycin and alexipyretic in a nearby clinic for 2 days in which the symptoms were alleviated. However, 1 day later, the symptoms worsened, and he was taken to a local Chinese medicine hospital for traditional medicine treatment. However, his clinical condition deteriorated rapidly, and he then developed dyspnea and hemoptysis. DIAGNOSIS CA-MRSA pneumonia and septic shock. The sputum culture showed MRSA. Polymerase chain reaction of MRSA isolates was positive for PVL genes. INTERVENTIONS Mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and antibiotic therapy were performed. Antibiotic therapy included mezlocillin sodium/sulbactam sodium, linezolid, and oseltamivir. OUTCOMES He died after 12 hours of treatment. LESSONS This is a report of severe pneumonia due to PVL-positive CA-MRSA in a healthy adult. CA-MRSA should be considered a pathogen of severe CAP, especially when combined with septic shock in previously healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| | | | - Ming Xiu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit Group One, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection Compromises Wound Healing by Causing Deficiencies in Granulation Tissue Collagen. Ann Surg 2020; 271:1174-1185. [PMID: 30614873 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to causatively link biofilm properties of bacterial infection to specific pathogenic mechanisms in wound healing. BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the four most prevalent bacterial species identified in chronic wounds. Causatively linking wound pathology to biofilm properties of bacterial infection is challenging. Thus, isogenic mutant stains of S. aureus with varying degree of biofilm formation ability was studied in an established preclinical porcine model of wound biofilm infection. METHODS Isogenic mutant strains of S. aureus with varying degree (ΔrexB > USA300 > ΔsarA) of biofilm-forming ability were used to infect full-thickness porcine cutaneous wounds. RESULTS Compared with that of ΔsarA infection, wound biofilm burden was significantly higher in response to ΔrexB or USA300 infection. Biofilm infection caused degradation of cutaneous collagen, specifically collagen 1 (Col1), with ΔrexB being most pathogenic in that regard. Biofilm infection of the wound repressed wound-edge miR-143 causing upregulation of its downstream target gene matrix metalloproteinase-2. Pathogenic rise of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase-2 in biofilm-infected wound-edge tissue sharply decreased collagen 1/collagen 3 ratio compromising the biomechanical properties of the repaired skin. Tensile strength of the biofilm infected skin was compromised supporting the notion that healed wounds with a history of biofilm infection are likely to recur. CONCLUSION This study provides maiden evidence that chronic S. aureus biofilm infection in wounds results in impaired granulation tissue collagen leading to compromised wound tissue biomechanics. Clinically, such compromise in tissue repair is likely to increase wound recidivism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors derived from isomannide. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112324. [PMID: 32402932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs) employing a linker derived from isomannide were synthesized and evaluated. Reduced hERG inhibition was observed compared to structure-matched analogues with different linkers, and compound 6 showed minimal proarrhythmic potential using an in vitro panel of cardiac ion channels. Compound 6 also displayed excellent activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant MRSA (MIC90 = 2 μg/mL) and other Gram-positive pathogens.
Collapse
|
13
|
Boisson B. The genetic basis of pneumococcal and staphylococcal infections: inborn errors of human TLR and IL-1R immunity. Hum Genet 2020; 139:981-991. [PMID: 31980906 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many bacteria can cause pyogenic lesions in humans. Most of these bacteria are harmless in most individuals, but they, nevertheless, cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies underlying these pyogenic infections differ between bacteria. This short review focuses on two emblematic pyogenic bacteria: pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus, both of which are Gram-positive encapsulated bacteria. We will discuss the contribution of human genetic studies to the identification of germline mutations of the TLR and IL-1R pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA. .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France. .,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bondeelle L, Bergeron A, Wolff M. Place des nouveaux antibiotiques dans le traitement de la pneumonie aiguë communautaire de l’adulte. Rev Mal Respir 2019; 36:104-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
Influenza A (H1N1) infection has a propensity to infect an immunocompromised host (ICH). These patients experience more severe manifestations and related complications with increased mortality. Influenza A (H1N1) infection in ICH differs from non-ICH in terms of clinical features, range of complications, radiological features, treatment response, and outcome. Radiology may show higher number of lesions but with no or minimal corresponding clinical manifestations. Coinfection with streptococci, staphylococci, and Aspergillus further increases mortality. Antiviral resistance compounds the overall picture despite optimal regimen. Use of steroids is detrimental. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is usually avoided in ICH. However, ICH groups with influenza A (H1N1) infection complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome who have received ECMO have recorded mortality up to 61%. Nevertheless, evidence-based recommendation on use of ECMO in ICH is lacking. Annual inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended for most ICH groups with a few exceptions and for their close contacts. Hygiene measures greatly contribute to reducing disease burden. High index of suspicion for influenza A (H1N1) infection in ICH, early antiviral therapy, and treatment of coinfection is recommended. With the threat of transmission of resistant viral strains from ICH to the community, apart from treatment, preventive measures such as vaccination and hygienic practices have a significant role. Through this review, we have attempted to identify clinical and radiological peculiarities in ICH with influenza A (H1N1) infection, treatment guidelines, and prognostic factors. Influenza A (H1N1) infection in ICH may remain clinically silent or mild.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Harish
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Synthesis and anti-staphylococcal activity of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors with a 5-amino-1,3-dioxane linker moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2477-2480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
17
|
Shibue Y, Kimura S, Kajiwara C, Iwakura Y, Yamaguchi K, Tateda K. Role of interleukin-17 in a murine community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model. Microbes Infect 2018; 21:33-39. [PMID: 30026066 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a key member of the Th17 cytokines and has been reported to be involved in the pathomechanisms underlying various diseases, including infectious diseases. Infections with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have garnered worldwide attention, and the representative USA300 strain is known to cause pneumonia in healthy people, which can be lethal. However, little is known about the role of IL-17 in CA-MRSA pneumonia. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 in a CA-MRSA pneumonia animal model. Mortality was higher and occurred at an earlier stage of infection in the IL-17A-knockout mice than in the wild-type (P < 0.01) and IL-17A/F-knockout mice (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference in the intrapulmonary bacterial counts was observed among the three groups of mice. Moreover, the IL-17A-knockout group showed significantly higher levels of IL-17F and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and a significantly higher neutrophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than the other groups. These results confirmed that G-CSF expression significantly increased, and significant neutrophilic inflammation occurred under conditions of IL-17A deficiency in the murine CA-MRSA pneumonia model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibue
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kimura
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kajiwara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Keizo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Strehlitz A, Goldmann O, Pils MC, Pessler F, Medina E. An Interferon Signature Discriminates Pneumococcal From Staphylococcal Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1424. [PMID: 29988532 PMCID: PMC6026679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite the low prevalence of CAP caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), CAP patients often receive empirical antibiotic therapy providing coverage for MRSA such as vancomycin or linezolid. An early differentiation between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus pneumonia can help to reduce the use of unnecessary antibiotics. The objective of this study was to identify candidate biomarkers that can discriminate pneumococcal from staphylococcal pneumonia. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of lung and peripheral blood performed in murine models of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus lung infection identified an interferon signature specifically associated with S. pneumoniae infection. Prediction models built using a support vector machine and Monte Carlo cross-validation, identified the combination of the interferon-induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 serum concentrations as the set of biomarkers with best sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power that enabled an accurate discrimination between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus pneumonia. The predictive performance of these biomarkers was further validated in an independent cohort of mice. This study highlights the potential of serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 biomarkers as an adjunctive diagnostic tool that could facilitate prompt and correct pathogen-targeted therapy in CAP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Strehlitz
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldmann
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marina C Pils
- Mouse Pathology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Medina
- Infection Immunology Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Colocalizes with Retinal Ganglion and Amacrine Cells and Activates Glial Reactions and Microglial Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2953. [PMID: 29440661 PMCID: PMC5811455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models have established Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) as a potential critical virulence factor during Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. In the present study, we aimed to identify retinal cell targets for PVL and to analyze early retinal changes during infection. After the intravitreous injection of PVL, adult rabbits were euthanized at different time points (30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h). PVL location in the retina, expression of its binding receptor C5a receptor (C5aR), and changes in Müller and microglial cells were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-qPCR. In this model of PVL eye intoxication, only retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expressed C5aR, and PVL was identified on the surface of two kinds of retinal neural cells. PVL-linked fluorescence increased in RGCs over time, reaching 98% of all RGCs 2 h after PVL injection. However, displaced amacrine cells (DACs) transiently colocalized with PVL. Müller and microglial cells were increasingly activated after injection over time. IL-6 expression in retina increased and some microglial cells underwent apoptosis 4 h and 8 h after PVL infection, probably because of abnormal nitrotyrosine production in the retina.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hook JL, Islam MN, Parker D, Prince AS, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya J. Disruption of staphylococcal aggregation protects against lethal lung injury. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1074-1086. [PMID: 29431734 DOI: 10.1172/jci95823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 causes tissue injury, multiorgan failure, and high mortality. However, the mechanisms by which the bacteria adhere to, then stabilize on, mucosal surfaces before causing injury remain unclear. We addressed these issues through the first real-time determinations of USA300-alveolar interactions in live lungs. We found that within minutes, inhaled USA300 established stable, self-associated microaggregates in niches at curved, but not at flat, regions of the alveolar wall. The microaggregates released α-hemolysin toxin, causing localized alveolar injury, as indicated by epithelial dye loss, mitochondrial depolarization, and cytosolic Ca2+ increase. Spread of cytosolic Ca2+ through intercellular gap junctions to adjoining, uninfected alveoli caused pulmonary edema. Systemic pretreatment with vancomycin, a USA300-cidal antibiotic, failed to protect mice infected with inhaled WT USA300. However, vancomycin pretreatment markedly abrogated mortality in mice infected with mutant USA300 that lacked the aggregation-promoting factor PhnD. We interpret USA300-induced mortality as having resulted from rapid bacterial aggregation in alveolar niches. These findings indicate, for the first time to our knowledge, that alveolar microanatomy is critical in promoting the aggregation and, hence, in causing USA300-induced alveolar injury. We propose that in addition to antibiotics, strategies for bacterial disaggregation may constitute novel therapy against USA300-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Hook
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mohammad N Islam
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Sunita Bhattacharya
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Jahar Bhattacharya
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Das Ghatak P, Mathew-Steiner SS, Pandey P, Roy S, Sen CK. A surfactant polymer dressing potentiates antimicrobial efficacy in biofilm disruption. Sci Rep 2018; 8:873. [PMID: 29343818 PMCID: PMC5772662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 100% water-soluble surfactant polymer dressing (SPD) that is bio-compatible and non-ionic has been reported to improve wound closure in preliminary clinical studies. The mechanism of action of SPD in wound healing remains unclear. Biofilm infection is a significant problem that hinders proper wound closure. The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanism of action of SPD inhibition of bacterial biofilm development. Static biofilms (48 h) of the primary wound pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01), Staphylococcus aureus (USA300) were grown on polycarbonate membranes and treated with SPD with and without antibiotics for an additional 24 h. The standard antibiotics - tobramycin (10 μg/ml) for PA01 and rifampicin (10 μg/ml) for USA300, were used in these studies. Following 24 h treatment with and without antibiotics, the biofilms were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) structural imaging, in vitro imaging system (IVIS) proliferation imaging, colony forming units (CFU), viability assay, quantitative PCR (qPCR) for virulence gene expression. Because SPD is a surfactant based dressing, it potentially has a direct effect on Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas primarily due to the lipid-based outer membrane of the bacteria. SPD is a surfactant based dressing that has potent anti-biofilm properties directly or in synergy with antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piya Das Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine & Cell-Based Therapies, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
| | - Shomita S Mathew-Steiner
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine & Cell-Based Therapies, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Pandey
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine & Cell-Based Therapies, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine & Cell-Based Therapies, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine & Cell-Based Therapies, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Diep BA, Le VTM, Badiou C, Le HN, Pinheiro MG, Duong AH, Wang X, Dip EC, Aguiar-Alves F, Basuino L, Marbach H, Mai TT, Sarda MN, Kajikawa O, Matute-Bello G, Tkaczyk C, Rasigade JP, Sellman BR, Chambers HF, Lina G. IVIG-mediated protection against necrotizing pneumonia caused by MRSA. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:357ra124. [PMID: 27655850 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve survival outcomes for patients with necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus One such approach is adjunctive treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), but clinical practice guidelines offer conflicting recommendations. In a preclinical rabbit model, prophylaxis with IVIG conferred protection against necrotizing pneumonia caused by five different epidemic strains of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as a widespread strain of hospital-associated MRSA. Treatment with IVIG, either alone or in combination with vancomycin or linezolid, improved survival outcomes in this rabbit model. Two specific IVIG antibodies that neutralized the toxic effects of α-hemolysin (Hla) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) conferred protection against necrotizing pneumonia in the rabbit model. This mechanism of action of IVIG was uncovered by analyzing loss-of-function mutant bacterial strains containing deletions in 17 genes encoding staphylococcal exotoxins, which revealed only Hla and PVL as having an impact on necrotizing pneumonia. These results demonstrate the potential clinical utility of IVIG in the treatment of severe pneumonia induced by S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Diep
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | - Vien T M Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Cedric Badiou
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Hoan N Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Pathology Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Au H Duong
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Etyene Castro Dip
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Fábio Aguiar-Alves
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Pathology Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Li Basuino
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Helene Marbach
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Thuy T Mai
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marie N Sarda
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Osamu Kajikawa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christine Tkaczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Rasigade
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Henry F Chambers
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Gerard Lina
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Medina MFE, Alaba PA, Estrada-Zuñiga ME, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Salem MZM, Alonso-Fresán MU, Camacho-Díaz LM, Salem AZM. Anti-staphylococcal properties of four plant extracts against sensitive and multi-resistant bacterial strains isolated from cattle and rabbits. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:286-294. [PMID: 29101063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the biopotency of methanolic extracts of Vitex mollis, Psidium guajava, Dalbergia retusa, and Crescential alata leaves against various staphylococcal strains isolated from cattle and rabbits. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were isolated from cattle, while other strains were isolated from rabbits using standard methodology. The total phytochemical phenolic and saponins contents were obtained being the main groups of the antinutritional factors. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the standard culture of S. aureus (control) and S. aureus isolated from cattle and rabbits were investigated comparatively relative to that of oxacillin. It was found that both the control S. aureus and the isolated S. aureus are susceptible to all the four plant extracts, and sensitive to oxacillin. Of all the S. aureus including the control, MRSA2 is the most susceptible to all the extracts at 1000 μg/mL, except that of V. mollis where it is the least susceptible. Among all the plant extracts, P. guajava is the most active against MRSA2 and SOSA2. Therefore, the isolates from cattle (MRSA1 and MRSA2) are more susceptible to all the plant extracts than the isolates from rabbits. Among all the rabbit isolates, CoNS3 is the least susceptible to the extracts. Since all the plant extracts exhibit remarkable inhibitory activities against all the S. aureus strains, they are promising towards the production of therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Adeniyi Alaba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Mohmaed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - María Uxúa Alonso-Fresán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Camacho-Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Km. 3.5 Carretera Cd. Altamirano-Iguala, CP 40660 Cd. Altamirano, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Characterization of a PVL-negative community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain of sequence type 88 in China. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 307:346-352. [PMID: 28734577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence type 88 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain SR434, isolated from an outpatient with skin and soft tissue infection, was subjected to whole genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, mouse skin infection model and hemolysis analysis to identify its virulence and resistance determinants. MRSA strain SR434 is resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin and fosfomycin. Four plasmids with resistance genes were identified in this strain, including a 20,658bp blaZ-carrying plasmid, a 2473bp ermC-carrying plasmid, a 2622bp fosB7-carrying plasmid (86% identity with plasmid in a ST2590 MRSA strain) and a 4817bp lnuA-carrying plasmid (99% identity with pLNU4 from bovine coagulase-nagetive Staphylococci). This strain contains staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV and does not contain arginine catabolic mobile element or Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin. SR434 harbors genomic islands νSaα, νSaβ, νSaγ and ΦSa3 and pathogenicity islands νSa2 that carries genes encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, superantigen enterotoxin C and superantigen enterotoxin L. Mouse skin infection model results show that SR434 had similar virulence potential causing invasive skin infection as a PVL-negative epidemic Korea clone HL1 (ST72). CA-MRSA strain of ST88 lineage might be a great concern for its high virulence. PVL has limited contribution to virulence phenotype among this lineage.
Collapse
|
25
|
Le VTM, Le HN, Pinheiro MG, Hahn KJ, Dinh ML, Larson KB, Flanagan SD, Badiou C, Lina G, Tkaczyk C, Sellman BR, Diep BA. Effects of Tedizolid Phosphate on Survival Outcomes and Suppression of Production of Staphylococcal Toxins in a Rabbit Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02734-16. [PMID: 28137816 PMCID: PMC5365717 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02734-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacy of tedizolid phosphate, a novel oxazolidinone that potently inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, was compared to those of linezolid, vancomycin, and saline in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. Tedizolid phosphate was administered to rabbits at 6 mg/kg of body weight intravenously twice daily, which yielded values of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve approximating those found in humans. The overall survival rate was 83% for rabbits treated with 6 mg/kg tedizolid phosphate twice daily and 83% for those treated with 50 mg/kg linezolid thrice daily (P = 0.66 by the log-rank test versus the results obtained with tedizolid phosphate). These survival rates were significantly greater than the survival rates of 17% for rabbits treated with 30 mg/kg vancomycin twice daily (P = 0.003) and 17% for rabbits treated with saline (P = 0.002). The bacterial count in the lungs of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate was significantly decreased compared to that in the lungs of rabbits treated with saline, although it was not significantly different from that in the lungs of rabbits treated with vancomycin or linezolid. The in vivo bacterial production of alpha-toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin, two key S. aureus-secreted toxins that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pneumonia, in the lungs of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate and linezolid was significantly inhibited compared to that in the lungs of rabbits treated with vancomycin or saline. Taken together, these results indicate that tedizolid phosphate is superior to vancomycin for the treatment of S. aureus necrotizing pneumonia because it inhibits the bacterial production of lung-damaging toxins at the site of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vien T M Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hoan N Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth J Hahn
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary L Dinh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Cedric Badiou
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Gerard Lina
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Christine Tkaczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Binh An Diep
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Seng P, Amrane S, Million M, Stein A. Old antimicrobials and Gram-positive cocci through the example of infective endocarditis and bone and joint infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:558-564. [PMID: 28365430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The management of some serious infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) and bone and joint infections (BJIs) caused by Gram-positive cocci (GPC) is complex and requires great responsiveness and effective antimicrobials with high bioavailability in heart valves or bone tissues. Treatment of these infections requires the use of a higher dosage that may result in increased toxicity or the use of new promising antimicrobials to control the infection. However, use of these new antimicrobials could still bring about new toxicity and resistance. Another approach may be the 'comeback' of old antimicrobials, which is evaluated in this review in the treatment of IE and BJIs caused by GPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piseth Seng
- Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires (CRIOA) Sud-Méditerranée, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Infections Chroniques, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Sophie Amrane
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Andreas Stein
- Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires (CRIOA) Sud-Méditerranée, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Infections Chroniques, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Severe sepsis is a continuum of physiologic stages characterized by infection, systemic inflammation, and hypoperfusion leading to tissue injury and organ failure. The primary goal of sepsis treatment is to prevent morbidity and mortality. Crystalloids are now recommended over colloids for volume resuscitation, one of the key interventions for patients with sepsis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chung DR, Huh K. Novel pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 13:197-207. [PMID: 25578884 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.999668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of influenza-associated death, and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been important pathogens that have caused pneumonia since the influenza pandemic in 1919. Emergence of novel influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and the concomitant global spread of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) have led to increasing prevalence of CA-MRSA pneumonia following influenza infection. Such an epidemiologic change poses a therapeutic challenge due to a high risk of inappropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy and poor clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy for post-influenza bacterial pneumonia have become even more important in the era of CA-MRSA. Therefore, novel molecular diagnostic techniques should be applied to more readily diagnose MRSA pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-ro 81, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moon BY, Park JY, Robinson DA, Thomas JC, Park YH, Thornton JA, Seo KS. Mobilization of Genomic Islands of Staphylococcus aureus by Temperate Bacteriophage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151409. [PMID: 26953931 PMCID: PMC4783081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence of Staphylococcus aureus, in both human and animal hosts, is largely influenced by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Most S. aureus strains carry a variety of MGEs, including three genomic islands (νSaα, νSaβ, νSaγ) that are diverse in virulence gene content but conserved within strain lineages. Although the mobilization of pathogenicity islands, phages and plasmids has been well studied, the mobilization of genomic islands is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated the mobilization of νSaβ by the adjacent temperate bacteriophage ϕSaBov from strain RF122. In this study, we demonstrate that ϕSaBov mediates the mobilization of νSaα and νSaγ, which are located remotely from ϕSaBov, mostly to recipient strains belonging to ST151. Phage DNA sequence analysis revealed that chromosomal DNA excision events from RF122 were highly specific to MGEs, suggesting sequence-specific DNA excision and packaging events rather than generalized transduction by a temperate phage. Disruption of the int gene in ϕSaBov did not affect phage DNA excision, packaging, and integration events. However, disruption of the terL gene completely abolished phage DNA packing events, suggesting that the primary function of temperate phage in the transfer of genomic islands is to allow for phage DNA packaging by TerL and that transducing phage particles are the actual vehicle for transfer. These results extend our understanding of the important role of bacteriophage in the horizontal transfer and evolution of genomic islands in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Youn Moon
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, South Korea
| | - Joo Youn Park
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - D. Ashley Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Jonathan C. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of Bolton, Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL3 5AB United Kingdom
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–742, South Korea
| | - Justin A. Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - Keun Seok Seo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
|
32
|
Kawabata H, Murakami M, Kisa K, Maezawa M. Incidence of Community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in a Regional Hospital. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6:22-5. [PMID: 25648247 PMCID: PMC4309349 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.6.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since the early 2000s, the incidence of
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
infections among the community of people lacking known healthcare risk factors has
increased. This MRSA infection is referred to as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)
infection and is distinct from hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infection, which occurs
among people with known healthcare risk factors. Understanding the epidemiology of CA-MRSA
infections is critical; however, this has not been investigated in detail in Japan. Our
objective was to investigate the incidence of CA-MRSA infections in a regional
hospital. Patients and Methods: We investigated CA-MRSA isolates and infections in a
rural regional hospital by reviewing medical records of one year. Infections were
classified as CA-MRSA if no established risk factors were identified. Results: During 2008, 31 Staphylococcus aureus (S.
aureus) isolates were detected in 29 unique patients, with 1
methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates obtained from 19 patients
(66%) and MRSA obtained from 10 patients (34%). In the 10 patients with MRSA, the number
of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA cases were nine (32% of patients with S. aureus
isolates) and one (3%), respectively. The patient with CA-MRSA was diagnosed with
cellulitis due to CA-MRSA. All nine patients with HA-MRSA exhibited colonization. Conclusion: We observed a CA-MRSA case in a regional hospital in Japan,
suggesting that incidence trends of CA-MRSA should be considered in future research and
treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Kawabata
- Department of Healthcare Systems Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Manabu Murakami
- Department of Healthcare Systems Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kengo Kisa
- Department of Healthcare Systems Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaji Maezawa
- Department of Healthcare Systems Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Evangelista SDS, Oliveira ACD. Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente adquirido na comunidade: um problema mundial. Rev Bras Enferm 2015; 68:128-35, 136-43. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167.2015680119p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: descrever a epidemiologia dos casos de CA-MRSA no Brasil de forma a compreender sua ocorrência, fatores de risco associados e formas de manejo em relação à situação mundial. Método: revisão integrativa e para seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Scopus, Science direct, Isi Web of Knowledge, PUBMED e BVS. Resultados: foram identificados dez artigos nacionais que descreveram 21 casos de CA-MRSA principalmente em crianças, adolescentes e adultos com quadro de infecção de pele e tecidos moles evoluindo para infecções graves relacionados ao clone Oceania Southwest Pacific Clone (OSPC) que resultaram em hospitalização. Conclusão: apesar do CA-MRSA ser considerado um micro-organismo de relevância mundial verificou-se a escassez de dados publicados sobre sua epidemiologia no Brasil, o que dificultam o delineamento da realidade do país frente ao CA-MRSA.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gopal T, Nagarajan V, Elasri MO. SATRAT: Staphylococcus aureus transcript regulatory network analysis tool. PeerJ 2015; 3:e717. [PMID: 25653902 PMCID: PMC4304862 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal organism that primarily colonizes the nose of healthy individuals. S. aureus causes a spectrum of infections that range from skin and soft-tissue infections to fatal invasive diseases. S. aureus uses a large number of virulence factors that are regulated in a coordinated fashion. The complex regulatory mechanisms have been investigated in numerous high-throughput experiments. Access to this data is critical to studying this pathogen. Previously, we developed a compilation of microarray experimental data to enable researchers to search, browse, compare, and contrast transcript profiles. We have substantially updated this database and have built a novel exploratory tool—SATRAT—the S. aureus transcript regulatory network analysis tool, based on the updated database. This tool is capable of performing deep searches using a query and generating an interactive regulatory network based on associations among the regulators of any query gene. We believe this integrated regulatory network analysis tool would help researchers explore the missing links and identify novel pathways that regulate virulence in S. aureus. Also, the data model and the network generation code used to build this resource is open sourced, enabling researchers to build similar resources for other bacterial systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayaraj Nagarajan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch (BCBB), Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology (OCICB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Mohamed O Elasri
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg, MS , USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ellingson K, Muder RR, Jain R, Kleinbaum D, Feng PJI, Cunningham C, Squier C, Lloyd J, Edwards J, Gebski V, Jernigan J. Sustained Reduction in the Clinical Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization or Infection Associated with a Multifaceted Infection Control Intervention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 32:1-8. [DOI: 10.1086/657665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To assess the impact and sustainability of a multifaceted intervention to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission implemented in 3 chronologically overlapping phases at 1 hospital.Design.Interrupted time-series analyses.Setting.A Veterans Affairs hospital in the northeastern United States.Patients and Participants.Individuals admitted to acute care units from October 1, 1999, through September 30, 2008. To calculate the monthly clinical incidence of MRSA colonization or infection, the number of MRSA-positive cultures obtained from a clinical site more than 48 hours after admission among patients with no MRSA-positive clinical cultures during the previous year was divided by patient-days at risk. Secondary outcomes included clinical incidence of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus colonization or infection and incidence of MRSA bloodstream infections.Interventions.The intervention—implemented in a surgical ward beginning October 2001, in a surgical intensive care unit beginning October 2003, and in all acute care units beginning July 2005—included systems and behavior change strategies to increase adherence to infection control precautions (eg, hand hygiene and active surveillance culturing for MRSA).Results.Hospital-wide, the clinical incidence of MRSA colonization or infection decreased after initiation of the intervention in 2001, compared with the period before intervention (P = .002), and decreased by 61% (P < .001) in the 7-year postintervention period. In the postintervention period, the hospital-wide incidence of MRSA bloodstream infection decreased by 50% (P = .02), and the proportion of S. aureus isolates that were methicillin resistant decreased by 30% (P < .001).Conclusions.Sustained decreases in hospital-wide clinical incidence of MRSA colonization or infection, incidence of MRSA bloodstream infection, and proportion of S. aureus isolates resistant to methicillin followed implementation of a multifaceted prevention program at one Veterans Affairs hospital. Findings suggest that interventions designed to prevent transmission can impact endemic antimicrobial resistance problems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Koymans KJ, Vrieling M, Gorham RD, van Strijp JAG. Staphylococcal Immune Evasion Proteins: Structure, Function, and Host Adaptation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 409:441-489. [PMID: 26919864 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_5017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a successful human and animal pathogen. Its pathogenicity is linked to its ability to secrete a large amount of virulence factors. These secreted proteins interfere with many critical components of the immune system, both innate and adaptive, and hamper proper immune functioning. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted in order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction of evasion molecules with the host immune system. Structural studies have fundamentally contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of the individual factors. Furthermore, such studies revealed one of the most striking characteristics of the secreted immune evasion molecules: their conserved structure. Despite high-sequence variability, most immune evasion molecules belong to a small number of structural categories. Another remarkable characteristic is that S. aureus carries most of these virulence factors on mobile genetic elements (MGE) or ex-MGE in its accessory genome. Coevolution of pathogen and host has resulted in immune evasion molecules with a highly host-specific function and prevalence. In this review, we explore how these shared structures and genomic locations relate to function and host specificity. This is discussed in the context of therapeutic options for these immune evasion molecules in infectious as well as in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J Koymans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, G04-614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, G04-614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, G04-614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, G04-614, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Quave CL, Horswill AR. Flipping the switch: tools for detecting small molecule inhibitors of staphylococcal virulence. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:706. [PMID: 25566220 PMCID: PMC4264471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the expression of the accessory gene regulator quorum sensing cascade, Staphylococcus aureus is able to produce an extensive array of enzymes, hemolysins and immunomodulators essential to its ability to spread through the host tissues and cause disease. Many have argued for the discovery and development of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) to augment existing antibiotics as adjuvant therapies. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art tools that can be used to conduct screens for the identification of such QSIs. Examples include fluorescent reporters, MS-detection of autoinducing peptide production, agar plate methods for detection of hemolysins and lipase, High performance liquid chromatography-detection of hemolysins from supernatants, and cell-toxicity assays for detecting damage (or relief thereof) against human keratinocyte cells. In addition to providing a description of these various approaches, we also discuss their amenability to low-, medium-, and high-throughput screening efforts for the identification of novel QSIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Quave
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Cassir N, Rolain JM, Brouqui P. A new strategy to fight antimicrobial resistance: the revival of old antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:551. [PMID: 25368610 PMCID: PMC4202707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of hospital and community-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is limiting the options for effective antibiotic therapy. Moreover, this alarming spread of antimicrobial resistance has not been paralleled by the development of novel antimicrobials. Resistance to the scarce new antibiotics is also emerging. In this context, the rational use of older antibiotics could represent an alternative to the treatment of MDR bacterial pathogens. It would help to optimize the armamentarium of antibiotics in the way to preserve new antibiotics and avoid the prescription of molecules known to favor the spread of resistance (i.e., quinolones). Furthermore, in a global economical perspective, this could represent a useful public health orientation knowing that several of these cheapest “forgotten” antibiotics are not available in many countries. We will review here the successful treatment of MDR bacterial infections with the use of old antibiotics and discuss their place in current practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Cassir
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the leading etiologies of nosocomial pneumonia as a result of an increase in staphylococcal infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains paired with extended ventilatory support of critically, and often, chronically ill patients. The prevalence of community-acquired MRSA pneumonia, which historically affects younger patients and is often preceded by an influenza-like illness, is also increasing. A high index of suspicion and early initiation of appropriate antibiotics are key factors for the successful treatment of this disease. Even with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, MRSA pneumonia still carries an unacceptably high mortality rate. This article will review historical differences between hospital-acquired and community-acquired MRSA pneumonia, as well as, clinical features of, diagnosis and treatment of MRSA pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Woods
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Room 2A-38A, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leem AY, Jung WJ, Kang YA, Park SC, Kim YJ, Hwang ED, Kim EY, Jung KS, Park MS, Kim SY, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Jung JY. Comparison of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:967-74. [PMID: 24954325 PMCID: PMC4075401 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.4.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as an important cause of not only healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) but also community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We determined the impact of MRSA on differences in clinical characteristics, courses, and outcomes between CAP and HCAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study on 78 adult patients admitted with MRSA pneumonia at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital between January 2008 and December 2011. We compared baseline characteristics, chest radiographs, treatment outcomes, and drug resistance patterns between the CAP and HCAP groups. RESULTS Of the 78 patients with MRSA pneumonia, 57 (73.1%) were HCAP and 21 (26.9%) were CAP. MRSA infection history in the previous year (29.8% vs. 14.3%, p=0.244) tended to be more common in HCAP than in CAP. Despite similar Pneumonia Severity Index scores (151 in CAP vs. 142 in HCAP), intubation rates (38.1% vs. 17.5%; p=0.072) and intensive care unit admission (42.9% vs. 22.8%; p=0.095) tended to be higher in the CAP group, while 28-day mortality was higher in the HCAP group (14.3% vs. 26.3%; p=0.368), although without statistical significance. All patients showed sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid; meanwhile, HCAP patients showed greater resistance to gentamicin than CAP patients (58.3% vs. 16.6%; p=0.037). The median total hospital charges were 6899 American dollars for CAP and 5715 American dollars for HCAP (p=0.161). CONCLUSION MRSA pneumonia showed significantly differences in baseline characteristics, chest radiographs, treatment outcomes, and medical expenses between HCAP and CAP groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Leem
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jai Jung
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Cheol Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eu Dong Hwang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yee Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Kyu Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Chang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ishida T, Tachibana H, Ito A, Tanaka M, Tokioka F, Furuta K, Nishiyama A, Ikeda S, Niwa T, Yoshioka H, Arita M, Hashimoto T. Clinical characteristics of severe community-acquired pneumonia among younger patients: an analysis of 18 years at a community hospital. J Infect Chemother 2014; 20:471-6. [PMID: 24951291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Unlike elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia whose outcomes are markedly affected by their background characteristics, it appears that the severity of the infection itself contributes to outcomes in younger patients with community-acquired pneumonia. In order to identify clinical characteristics of severe community-acquired pneumonia in younger patients under 60 years old, among such cases prospectively collected at our hospital over a period of 18 years, those meeting the criteria for severe community-acquired pneumonia, as defined in the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia, were retrospectively examined and compared to elderly patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Younger patients with severe pneumonia accounted for 12.9% of younger hospitalized patients. Although the incidence of severe pneumonia in younger patients was lower than that in elderly patients, its severity may be underestimated by severity assessment based on the conventional guidelines. Thus, attention is required. While Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella species were important causative pathogens, atypical pathogens and viruses were also frequently detected. There were only 11 deaths over a period of 18 years. Based on multivariate analysis, the risk factors for aggravation of community-acquired pneumonia among younger patients were age 50 years or older, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, and Legionella pneumonia. Although the mortality rate from community-acquired pneumonia is extremely low in previously healthy younger patients, outcomes might be poor for patients with underlying diseases and those with rapid progression. Multimodal treatments including respiratory management may be appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ishida
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Tachibana
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Maki Tanaka
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tokioka
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Furuta
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiyama
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Yoshioka
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Machiko Arita
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toru Hashimoto
- Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yamashita K, Ohara M, Kojima T, Nishimura R, Ogawa T, Hino T, Okada M, Toratani S, Kamata N, Sugai M, Sugiyama M. Prevalence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in oral cavity after treatment for oral cancer. J Oral Sci 2014; 55:145-55. [PMID: 23748454 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.55.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant opportunistic infections may cause health problems in immunocompromised hosts. Representative microorganisms in opportunistic infections of the oral cavity are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. We investigated the prevalence of drug-resistant opportunistic microorganisms in elderly adults receiving follow-up examinations after primary treatment of oral cancer. Oral microorganisms were collected from patients satisfactorily treated for oral cancer (defined as good outcomes to date) and a group of healthy adults (controls). After identification of microorganisms, the prevalence of drug-resistant microorganisms was studied. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing were also performed for methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the prevalences of the three microorganisms between the groups. Surprisingly, 69.2% of S aureus isolates showed oxacillin resistance, suggesting that MRSA colonization is increasing among older Japanese. These MRSA isolates possessed SCCmec types II and IV but no representative toxin genes. Our results indicate that a basic infection control strategy, including standard precautions against MRSA, is important for elderly adults, particularly after treatment for oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamashita
- Department of Public Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Toro CM, Janvier J, Zhang K, Fonseca K, Gregson D, Church D, Laupland K, Rabin H, Elsayed S, Conly J. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia without evidence of antecedent viral upper respiratory infection. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2014; 25:e76-82. [PMID: 25285117 PMCID: PMC4173983 DOI: 10.1155/2014/952603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND USA300 community-associated (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains causing necrotizing pneumonia have been reported in association with antecedent viral upper respiratory tract infections (URI). METHODS A case series of necrotizing pneumonia presenting as a primary or coprimary infection, secondary to CA-MRSA without evidence of antecedent viral URI, is presented. Cases were identified through the infectious diseases consultation service records. Clinical and radiographic data were collected by chart review and electronic records. MRSA strains were isolated from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural fluid or blood cultures and confirmed using standard laboratory procedures. MRSA strains were characterized by susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, spa typing, agr typing and multilocus sequence typing. Testing for respiratory viruses was performed by appropriate serological testing of banked sera, or nucleic acid testing of nasopharyngeal or bronchoalveloar lavage specimens. RESULTS Ten patients who presented or copresented with CA necrotizing pneumonia secondary to CA-MRSA from April 2004 to October 2011 were identified. The median length of stay was 22.5 days. Mortality was 20.0%. Classical risk factors for CA-MRSA were identified in seven of 10 (70.0%) cases. Chest tube placement occurred in seven of 10 patients with empyema. None of the patients had historical evidence of antecedent URI. In eight of 10 patients, serological or nucleic acid testing testing revealed no evidence of acute viral coinfection. Eight strains were CMRSA-10 (USA300). The remaining two strains were a USA300 genetically related strain and a USA1100 strain. CONCLUSION Pneumonia secondary to CA-MRSA can occur in the absence of an antecedent URI. Infections due to CA-MRSA are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinicians need to have an awareness of this clinical entity, particularly in patients who are in risk groups that predispose to exposure to this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Janvier
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Kevin Fonseca
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary
- Provincial Laboratory of Alberta, Alberta Health Services
| | - Dan Gregson
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Synder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Alberta Health Services – Calgary Zone and University of Calgary
- Calgary Laboratory Services
| | - Deirdre Church
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Synder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Alberta Health Services – Calgary Zone and University of Calgary
- Calgary Laboratory Services
| | - Kevin Laupland
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Synder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Alberta Health Services – Calgary Zone and University of Calgary
- Calgary Laboratory Services
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary
| | - Harvey Rabin
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary
- The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Synder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Alberta Health Services – Calgary Zone and University of Calgary
| | - Sameer Elsayed
- Departments of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - John Conly
- Departartments of Medicine, University of Calgary
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rojo P, Barrios M, Palacios A, Gomez C, Chaves F. Community-associatedStaphylococcus aureusinfections in children. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:541-54. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
46
|
Croisier-Bertin D, Hayez D, Da Silva S, Labrousse D, Biek D, Badiou C, Dumitrescu O, Guerard P, Charles PE, Piroth L, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Chavanet P. In vivo efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil in a methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus rabbit pneumonia model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:1855-61. [PMID: 24395236 PMCID: PMC4023709 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01707-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a cephalosporin with broad-spectrum in vitro activity against Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), and common Gram-negative pathogens. This study investigated the in vivo activity of ceftaroline fosamil compared with clindamycin, linezolid, and vancomycin in a severe pneumonia model due to MRSA-producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). A USA300 PVL-positive clone was used to induce pneumonia in rabbits. Infected rabbits were randomly assigned to no treatment or simulated human-equivalent dosing with ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, linezolid, or vancomycin. Residual bacterial concentrations in the lungs and spleen were assessed after 48 h of treatment. PVL expression was measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid considerably reduced mortality rates compared with the control, whereas vancomycin did not. Pulmonary and splenic bacterial titers and PVL concentrations were greatly reduced by ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid. Ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid were associated with reduced pulmonary tissue damage based on significantly lower macroscopic scores. Ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, and, to a lesser extent, linezolid were efficient in reducing bacterial titers in both the lungs and spleen and decreasing macroscopic scores and PVL production compared with the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cedric Badiou
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Oana Dumitrescu
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Ventilator Innate Immunity Pneumonia Team, Pôle M.E.R.S., UMR 1347, INRA, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Département Infectiologie, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Gerard Lina
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Francois Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Chavanet
- Vivexia Laboratory, Dijon, France
- Département Infectiologie, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nair R, Ammann E, Rysavy M, Schweizer ML. Mortality among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 versus non-USA300 invasive infections: a meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013; 35:31-41. [PMID: 24334796 DOI: 10.1086/674385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been found to be epidemiologically and microbiologically distinct from healthcare-associated MRSA. Most CA-MRSA infections are not invasive; however, fatal outcomes have been reported among healthy people with CA-MRSA invasive infections. Epidemiological studies have attributed a major burden of CA-MRSA infections in the United States to the predominant clone USA300. We investigated the association between USA300 invasive infections and mortality by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported mortality rates associated with USA300 strains. METHODS We searched PubMed, bibliographies of other publications, and gray literature between January 2001 and December 2013. Observational studies of patients with an invasive MRSA infection were included. The exposure of interest was presence of USA300 invasive infection. Studies were included only if they provided MRSA PFGE types and if corresponding mortality data were the measured outcome. We pooled crude odds ratios (cORs) using a random-effects model. Woolf test of homogeneity and Q and I(2) statistics were assessed. RESULTS Of 574 articles identified by the search strategy, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Risk of mortality was significantly lower among patients with USA300 MRSA infections (pooled cOR, 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.49-0.81). There was a moderate degree of heterogeneity among study results (P = .29; I(2) = 18%). Results were observed to be heterogeneous due to study design, quality of studies, and definition of mortality. CONCLUSIONS MRSA invasive infection with USA300 does not appear to be associated with higher mortality compared with infections due to non-USA300 strains. Nevertheless, larger well-designed studies are warranted to further evaluate this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Nair
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Spaan AN, Henry T, van Rooijen WJM, Perret M, Badiou C, Aerts PC, Kemmink J, de Haas CJC, van Kessel KPM, Vandenesch F, Lina G, van Strijp JAG. The staphylococcal toxin Panton-Valentine Leukocidin targets human C5a receptors. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:584-594. [PMID: 23684309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a staphylococcal bicomponent pore-forming toxin linked to severe invasive infections. Target-cell and species specificity of PVL are poorly understood, and the mechanism of action of this toxin in Staphylococcus aureus virulence is controversial. Here, we identify the human complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 as host targets of PVL, mediating both toxin binding and cytotoxicity. Expression and interspecies variations of the C5aR determine cell and species specificity of PVL. The C5aR binding PVL component, LukS-PV, is a potent inhibitor of C5a-induced immune cell activation. These findings provide insight into leukocidin function and staphylococcal virulence and offer directions for future investigations into individual susceptibility to severe staphylococcal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András N Spaan
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Magali Perret
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Badiou
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kemmink
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kok P M van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gérard Lina
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
We describe 2 men with prostatic abscesses due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Neither of them had diabetes mellitus, prior prostate disease, recent health care exposure or urinary instrumentation and had no evidence of bloodstream infection at the time of presentation. Both were treated with surgical drainage and prolonged antibiotics.
Collapse
|
50
|
|