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Côrtes MF, Botelho AMN, Bandeira PT, Mouton W, Badiou C, Bes M, Lima NCB, Soares AER, Souza RC, Almeida LGP, Martins-Simoes P, Vasconcelos ATR, Nicolás MF, Laurent F, Planet PJ, Figueiredo AMS. Reductive evolution of virulence repertoire to drive the divergence between community- and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of the ST1 lineage. Virulence 2021; 12:951-967. [PMID: 33734031 PMCID: PMC7993186 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1899616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of the ST1-SCCmecIV lineage has been associated with community-acquired (CA) infections in North America and Australia. In Brazil, multi-drug resistant ST1-SCCmecIV MRSA has emerged in hospital-associated (HA) diseases in Rio de Janeiro. To understand these epidemiological differences, genomic and phylogenetic analyses were performed. In addition, virulence assays were done for representative CA - and HA-MRSA strains. Despite the conservation of the virulence repertoire, some genes were missing in Brazilian ST1-SCCmecIV including lukSF-PV, fnbB, and several superantigen-encoded genes. Additionally, CA-MRSA lost the splDE while HA-MRSA strains conserved the complete operon. Most of these variable genes were located in mobile genetic elements (MGE). However, conservation and maintenance of MGEs were often observed despite the absence of their associated virulence markers. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree revealed the occurrence of more than one entrance of ST1 strains in Rio de Janeiro. The tree shape and chronology allowed us to infer that the hospital-associated ST1-SCCmecIV from Brazil and the community-acquired USA400 from North America are not closely related and that they might have originated from different MSSA strains that independently acquired SCCmecIV cassettes. As expected, representatives of ST1 strains from Brazil showed lower cytotoxicity and a greater ability to survive inside human host cells. We suggest that Brazilian ST1-SCCmecIV strains have adapted to the hospital setting by reducing virulence and gaining the ability to persist and survive inside host cells. Possibly, these evolutionary strategies may balance the biologic cost of retaining multiple antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Farrel Côrtes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Bactérias, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Domaine de la Buire, Lyon, France
| | - Ana Maria N. Botelho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Bactérias, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Terra Bandeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Bactérias, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - William Mouton
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)―team Pathogénie des Staphylococques―Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cedric Badiou
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)―team Pathogénie des Staphylococques―Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michèle Bes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)―team Pathogénie des Staphylococques―Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Nord, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicholas C. B. Lima
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rangel C. Souza
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz G. P. Almeida
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Martins-Simoes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)―team Pathogénie des Staphylococques―Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Nord, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marisa F. Nicolás
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Domaine de la Buire, Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)―team Pathogénie des Staphylococques―Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Nord, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul J. Planet
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes M. S. Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Bactérias, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Knopick P, Terman D, Riha N, Alvine T, Larson R, Badiou C, Lina G, Ballantyne J, Bradley D. Endogenous HLA-DQ8αβ programs superantigens (SEG/SEI) to silence toxicity and unleash a tumoricidal network with long-term melanoma survival. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001493. [PMID: 33109631 PMCID: PMC7592263 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the most powerful T cell agonists known, superantigens (SAgs) have enormous potential for cancer immunotherapy. Their development has languished due to high incidence (60%–80%) of seroreactive neutralizing antibodies in humans and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-mediated cardiopulmonary toxicity. Such toxicity has narrowed their therapeutic index while neutralizing antibodies have nullified their therapeutic effects. Methods Female HLA-DQ8 (DQA*0301/DQB*0302) tg mice expressing the human major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) HLA-DQ8 allele on a high proportion of PBL, spleen and lymph node cells were used. In the established tumor model, staphylococcal enterotoxin G and staphylococcal enterotoxin I (SEG/ SEI) (50 µg each) were injected on days 6 and 9 following tumor inoculation. Lymphoid, myeloid cells and tumor cell digests from tumor tissue were assayed using flow cytometry or quantitated using a cytometric bead array. Tumor density, necrotic and viable areas were quantitated using the ImageJ software. Results In a discovery-driven effort to address these problems we introduce a heretofore unrecognized binary complex comprizing SEG/SEI SAgs linked to the endogenous human MHCII HLA-DQ8 allele in humanized mice. By contrast to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) deployed previously in clinical trials, SEG and SEI does not exhibit neutralizing antibodies in humans or TNFα-mediated toxicity in humanized HLA-DQ8 mice. In the latter model wherein SAg behavior is known to be ‘human-like’, SEG/SEI induced a powerful tumoricidal response and long-term survival against established melanoma in 82% of mice. Other SAgs deployed in the same model displayed toxic shock. Initially, HLA-DQ8 mediated melanoma antigen priming, after which SEG/SEI unleashed a broad CD4+ and CD8+ antitumor network marked by expansion of melanoma reactive T cells and interferon-γ (IFNy) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). SEG/SEI further initiated chemotactic recruitment of tumor reactive T cells to the TME converting the tumor from ‘cold’ to a ‘hot’. Long-term survivors displayed remarkable resistance to parental tumor rechallenge along with the appearance of tumor specific memory and tumor reactive T memory cells. Conclusions Collectively, these findings show for the first time that the SEG/SEI-(HLA-DQ8) empowers priming, expansion and recruitment of a population of tumor reactive T cells culminating in tumor specific memory and long-term survival devoid of toxicity. These properties distinguish SEG/SEI from other SAgs used previously in human tumor immunotherapy. Consolidation of these principles within the SEG/SEI-(HLA-DQ8) complex constitutes a conceptually new therapeutic weapon with compelling translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Knopick
- Biomedical Sciences, Universtiy of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - David Terman
- Biomedical Sciences, Universtiy of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Nathan Riha
- Biomedical Sciences, Universtiy of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Travis Alvine
- Biomedical Sciences, Universtiy of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Riley Larson
- Biomedical Sciences, Universtiy of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Cedric Badiou
- University of Lyon, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Gerard Lina
- University of Lyon 1 University Institute of Tecnology Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | | | - David Bradley
- Biomedical Sciences, Universtiy of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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3
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Diep BA, Le VTM, Badiou C, Le HN, Pinheiro MG, Duong AH, Wang X, Dip EC, Aguiar-Alves F, Basuino L, Marbach H, Mai TT, Sarda MN, Kajikawa O, Matute-Bello G, Tkaczyk C, Rasigade JP, Sellman BR, Chambers HF, Lina G. IVIG-mediated protection against necrotizing pneumonia caused by MRSA. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:357ra124. [PMID: 27655850 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve survival outcomes for patients with necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus One such approach is adjunctive treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), but clinical practice guidelines offer conflicting recommendations. In a preclinical rabbit model, prophylaxis with IVIG conferred protection against necrotizing pneumonia caused by five different epidemic strains of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as a widespread strain of hospital-associated MRSA. Treatment with IVIG, either alone or in combination with vancomycin or linezolid, improved survival outcomes in this rabbit model. Two specific IVIG antibodies that neutralized the toxic effects of α-hemolysin (Hla) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) conferred protection against necrotizing pneumonia in the rabbit model. This mechanism of action of IVIG was uncovered by analyzing loss-of-function mutant bacterial strains containing deletions in 17 genes encoding staphylococcal exotoxins, which revealed only Hla and PVL as having an impact on necrotizing pneumonia. These results demonstrate the potential clinical utility of IVIG in the treatment of severe pneumonia induced by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Diep
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | - Vien T M Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Cedric Badiou
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Hoan N Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Pathology Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Au H Duong
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Etyene Castro Dip
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Fábio Aguiar-Alves
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Pathology Program, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Li Basuino
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Helene Marbach
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Thuy T Mai
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marie N Sarda
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Osamu Kajikawa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christine Tkaczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Rasigade
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Henry F Chambers
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Gerard Lina
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
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4
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Le VTM, Le HN, Pinheiro MG, Hahn KJ, Dinh ML, Larson KB, Flanagan SD, Badiou C, Lina G, Tkaczyk C, Sellman BR, Diep BA. Effects of Tedizolid Phosphate on Survival Outcomes and Suppression of Production of Staphylococcal Toxins in a Rabbit Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02734-16. [PMID: 28137816 PMCID: PMC5365717 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02734-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacy of tedizolid phosphate, a novel oxazolidinone that potently inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, was compared to those of linezolid, vancomycin, and saline in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. Tedizolid phosphate was administered to rabbits at 6 mg/kg of body weight intravenously twice daily, which yielded values of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve approximating those found in humans. The overall survival rate was 83% for rabbits treated with 6 mg/kg tedizolid phosphate twice daily and 83% for those treated with 50 mg/kg linezolid thrice daily (P = 0.66 by the log-rank test versus the results obtained with tedizolid phosphate). These survival rates were significantly greater than the survival rates of 17% for rabbits treated with 30 mg/kg vancomycin twice daily (P = 0.003) and 17% for rabbits treated with saline (P = 0.002). The bacterial count in the lungs of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate was significantly decreased compared to that in the lungs of rabbits treated with saline, although it was not significantly different from that in the lungs of rabbits treated with vancomycin or linezolid. The in vivo bacterial production of alpha-toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin, two key S. aureus-secreted toxins that play critical roles in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pneumonia, in the lungs of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate and linezolid was significantly inhibited compared to that in the lungs of rabbits treated with vancomycin or saline. Taken together, these results indicate that tedizolid phosphate is superior to vancomycin for the treatment of S. aureus necrotizing pneumonia because it inhibits the bacterial production of lung-damaging toxins at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien T M Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hoan N Le
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth J Hahn
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary L Dinh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Cedric Badiou
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Gerard Lina
- INSERM U1111, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Christine Tkaczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Bret R Sellman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Binh An Diep
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Hodille E, Alekseeva L, Berkova N, Serrier A, Badiou C, Gilquin B, Brun V, Vandenesch F, Terman DS, Lina G. Staphylococcal Enterotoxin O Exhibits Cell Cycle Modulating Activity. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:441. [PMID: 27148168 PMCID: PMC4832122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of an intact epithelial barrier constitutes a pivotal defense mechanism against infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen that produces multiple factors including exotoxins that promote tissue alterations. The aim of the present study is to investigate the cytopathic effect of staphylococcal exotoxins SEA, SEG, SEI, SElM, SElN and SElO on the cell cycle of various human cell lines. Among all tested exotoxins only SEIO inhibited the proliferation of a broad panel of human tumor cell lines in vitro. Evaluation of a LDH release and a DNA fragmentation of host cells exposed to SEIO revealed that the toxin does not induce necrosis or apoptosis. Analysis of the DNA content of tumor cells synchronized by serum starvation after exposure to SEIO showed G0/G1 cell cycle delay. The cell cycle modulating feature of SEIO was confirmed by the flow cytometry analysis of synchronized cells exposed to supernatants of isogenic S. aureus strains wherein only supernatant of the SElO producing strain induced G0/G1 phase delay. The results of yeast-two-hybrid analysis indicated that SEIO's potential partner is cullin-3, involved in the transition from G1 to S phase. In conclusion, we provide evidence that SEIO inhibits cell proliferation without inducing cell death, by delaying host cell entry into the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. We speculate that this unique cell cycle modulating feature allows SEIO producing bacteria to gain advantage by arresting the cell cycle of target cells as part of a broader invasive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hodille
- International Center for Infectiology ResearchLyon, France; CNRS UMR5308, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - Université Lyon 1Lyon, France; Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Ludmila Alekseeva
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueRennes, France; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryMoscow, Russia
| | - Nadia Berkova
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Rennes, France
| | - Asma Serrier
- International Center for Infectiology ResearchLyon, France; CNRS UMR5308, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - Université Lyon 1Lyon, France
| | - Cedric Badiou
- International Center for Infectiology ResearchLyon, France; CNRS UMR5308, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - Université Lyon 1Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Gilquin
- iRTSV-BGE, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-BGEGrenoble, France; Biologie à Grande Echelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGrenoble, France
| | - Virginie Brun
- iRTSV-BGE, Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-BGEGrenoble, France; Biologie à Grande Echelle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGrenoble, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- International Center for Infectiology ResearchLyon, France; CNRS UMR5308, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - Université Lyon 1Lyon, France; Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | | | - Gerard Lina
- International Center for Infectiology ResearchLyon, France; CNRS UMR5308, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - Université Lyon 1Lyon, France; Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
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6
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Cardot-Martin E, Casalegno JS, Badiou C, Dauwalder O, Keller D, Prévost G, Rieg S, Kern WV, Cuerq C, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Lina G, Dumitrescu O. α-Defensins partially protect human neutrophils against Panton-Valentine leukocidin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:158-64. [PMID: 25963798 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED α-Defensins produced by neutrophils are important effector molecules of the innate immune system. In addition to their microbicidal effects, α-defensins have the ability to neutralize bacterial toxins. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is the hallmark of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus that produce PVL are responsible for severe diseases, including necrotizing pneumonia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the target cells of PVL action. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effect of a group of α-defensins known as the human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) on the interactions between LukS-PV and LukF-PV, which compose PVL, and human PMNs. We observed that HNPs bound to both subunits of PVL and significantly decreased PVL pore formation in PMNs, with a maximum inhibition of 27%. When various HNP molecules were tested individually under the same conditions, we observed that HNP3, but not HNP1 or 2, decreased pore formation. Similarly, HNP3 significantly decreased PVL-induced PMN lysis, with a maximum inhibition of 31%. Interestingly, HNPs did not affect LukS-PV LukF-PV oligomerization, LukS-PV LukF-PV binding to PMNs or calcium influx induced by PVL in PMNs. Our results suggest that HNP3 partially protects neutrophils against PVL by interfering with the conformational changes of PVL required to form a functional pore. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for neutrophil damage and key player of severe staphylococcal diseases. Antimicrobial peptides produced by neutrophils (HNP1-3) neutralize several other bacterial cytotoxins. We examined the impact of human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) on PVL cytotoxicity against human neutrophils and we found that HNPs bind to both LukS and LukF components of PVL, thereby inhibiting pore formation and neutrophil lysis. Our results suggest that HNP3 may impair PVL conformational changes required to form a functional pore and provide insight into the pathogenesis of PVL-related staphylococcal infection, with potential impact on the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cardot-Martin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - C Badiou
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - O Dauwalder
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Keller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Prévost
- Department of Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Rieg
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W V Kern
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Cuerq
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Sud, Lyon, France
| | - J Etienne
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Vandenesch
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Lina
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - O Dumitrescu
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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7
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Rasigade JP, Trouillet-Assant S, Breurec S, Antri K, Lina G, Bes M, Tristan A, Badiou C, Bernelin M, Fall C, Ramdani-Bouguessa N, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Laurent F. The levels of antibodies to Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) vary with PVL prevalence along a north-to-south gradient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:927-33. [PMID: 25575949 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent research on Staphylococcus aureus vaccine development has focused on active immunization against Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a potent leukotoxin associated with both superficial and severe deep-seated infections. PVL prevalence is highly variable worldwide, but it is unknown to what extent immunity to PVL varies between patients from geographic areas with different PVL-positive S. aureus prevalences. We conducted a retrospective multicentric study of anti-PVL and anti-alpha-toxin (Hla) antibody levels in uninfected adult patients from France (low PVL prevalence; n = 200), Algeria (moderate prevalence; n = 143), and Senegal (high prevalence; n = 228). The antibody levels were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure. Because Hla is present in virtually all S. aureus strains, its corresponding antibody levels were considered to reflect population exposure to S. aureus. Compared with French participants, the average anti-PVL antibody levels were 2.5-fold and 8.2-fold higher in Algerian and Senegalese participants, respectively (p < 0.001). Conversely, anti-Hla antibody levels did not differ between participants from the three countries, suggesting that the observed differences in anti-PVL antibody levels were not biased by variations in population exposure to S. aureus. Hence, anti-PVL antibody levels in the general populations of France, Algeria, and Senegal vary widely and match variations in PVL-positive S. aureus strain prevalence, with an increasing north-to-south gradient. To conclude, immunity to PVL in a given population correlates with local PVL prevalence. This finding can help to inform PVL vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Rasigade
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,
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8
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Croisier-Bertin D, Hayez D, Da Silva S, Labrousse D, Biek D, Badiou C, Dumitrescu O, Guerard P, Charles PE, Piroth L, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Chavanet P. In vivo efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil in a methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus rabbit pneumonia model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:1855-61. [PMID: 24395236 PMCID: PMC4023709 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01707-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a cephalosporin with broad-spectrum in vitro activity against Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), and common Gram-negative pathogens. This study investigated the in vivo activity of ceftaroline fosamil compared with clindamycin, linezolid, and vancomycin in a severe pneumonia model due to MRSA-producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). A USA300 PVL-positive clone was used to induce pneumonia in rabbits. Infected rabbits were randomly assigned to no treatment or simulated human-equivalent dosing with ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, linezolid, or vancomycin. Residual bacterial concentrations in the lungs and spleen were assessed after 48 h of treatment. PVL expression was measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid considerably reduced mortality rates compared with the control, whereas vancomycin did not. Pulmonary and splenic bacterial titers and PVL concentrations were greatly reduced by ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid. Ceftaroline, clindamycin, and linezolid were associated with reduced pulmonary tissue damage based on significantly lower macroscopic scores. Ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, and, to a lesser extent, linezolid were efficient in reducing bacterial titers in both the lungs and spleen and decreasing macroscopic scores and PVL production compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cedric Badiou
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Oana Dumitrescu
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Ventilator Innate Immunity Pneumonia Team, Pôle M.E.R.S., UMR 1347, INRA, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Piroth
- Département Infectiologie, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Gerard Lina
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Francois Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, and CNRS, UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Chavanet
- Vivexia Laboratory, Dijon, France
- Département Infectiologie, University Hospital, Dijon, France
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9
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Terman DS, Serier A, Dauwalder O, Badiou C, Dutour A, Thomas D, Brun V, Bienvenu J, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Lina G. Staphylococcal entertotoxins of the enterotoxin gene cluster (egcSEs) induce nitrous oxide- and cytokine dependent tumor cell apoptosis in a broad panel of human tumor cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:38. [PMID: 23964349 PMCID: PMC3741464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The egcSEs comprise five genetically linked staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEG, SEI, SElM, SElN, and SElO and two pseudotoxins which constitute an operon present in up to 80% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A preparation containing these proteins was recently used to treat advanced lung cancer with pleural effusion. We investigated the hypothesis that egcSEs induce nitrous oxide (NO) and associated cytokine production and that these agents may be involved in tumoricidal effects against a broad panel of clinically relevant human tumor cells. Preliminary studies showed that egcSEs and SEA activated T cells (range: 11-25%) in a concentration dependent manner. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with equimolar quantities of egcSEs expressed NO synthase and generated robust levels of nitrite (range: 200-250 μM), a breakdown product of NO; this reaction was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (0.3 mM), an NO synthase antagonist. Cell free supernatants (CSFs) of all egcSE-stimulated PBMCs were also equally effective in inducing concentration dependent tumor cell apoptosis in a broad panel of human tumor cells. The latter effect was due in part to the generation of NO and TNF-α since it was significantly abolished by L-NMMA, anti-TNF-α antibodies, respectively, and a combination thereof. A hierarchy of tumor cell sensitivity to these CFSs was as follows: lung carcinoma > osteogenic sarcoma > melanoma > breast carcinoma >neuroblastoma. Notably, SEG induced robust activation of NO/TNFα-dependent tumor cell apoptosis comparable to the other egcSEs and SEA despite TNF-α and IFN-γ levels that were 2 and 8 fold lower, respectively, than the other egcSEs and SEA. Thus, egcSEs produced by S. aureus induce NO synthase and the increased NO formation together with TNF-α appear to contribute to egcSE-mediated apoptosis against a broad panel of human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Terman
- Molecular Genetics Program, Jenomic Research InstituteCarmel, CA, USA
| | - A. Serier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
| | - O. Dauwalder
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
- Centre National de Références des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France
| | - C. Badiou
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
| | - A. Dutour
- Unité INSERM U590 équipe Cytokines et Cancer, Centre Léon BérardLyon, France
| | - D. Thomas
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
| | - V. Brun
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, U880 CEA/DSV/iRTSV/INSERM/UJFGrenoble Cedex, France
| | - J. Bienvenu
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Chemin du Grand RevoyetPierre Benite, France
| | - J. Etienne
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
- Centre National de Références des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France
| | - F. Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
- Centre National de Références des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France
| | - G. Lina
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, LabEx Ecofect, Université Lyon1, Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5308Lyon, France
- Centre National de Références des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France
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Diep BA, Afasizheva A, Le HN, Kajikawa O, Matute-Bello G, Tkaczyk C, Sellman B, Badiou C, Lina G, Chambers HF. Effects of linezolid on suppressing in vivo production of staphylococcal toxins and improving survival outcomes in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:75-82. [PMID: 23532096 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linezolid is recommended for treatment of pneumonia and other invasive infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The premise underlying this recommendation is that linezolid inhibits in vivo production of potent staphylococcal exotoxins, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and α-hemolysin (Hla), although supporting evidence is lacking. METHODS A rabbit model of necrotizing pneumonia using MRSA clone USA300 was used to compare therapeutic effects of linezolid (50 mg/kg 3 times/day) and vancomycin (30 mg/kg 2 times/day) administered 1.5, 4, and 9 hours after infection on host survival outcomes and in vivo bacterial toxin production. RESULTS Mortality rates were 100% for untreated rabbits and 83%-100% for vancomycin-treated rabbits. In contrast, mortality rates were 25%, 50%, and 100% for rabbits treated with linezolid 1.5, 4, and 9 hours after infection, respectively. Compared with untreated and vancomycin-treated rabbits, improved survival of rabbits treated 1.5 hours after infection with linezolid was associated with a significant decrease in bacterial counts, suppressed bacterial production of PVL and Hla, and reduced production of the neutrophil-chemoattractant interleukin 8 in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Across the study interval, only early treatment with linezolid resulted in significant suppression of exotoxin synthesis and improved survival outcomes in a rabbit model of MRSA necrotizing pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Diep
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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11
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Otto MP, Martin E, Badiou C, Lebrun S, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G, Dumitrescu O. Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on virulence factor expression by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1524-32. [PMID: 23508621 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antistaphylococcal drugs on Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), α-haemolysin (Hla) and protein A (SpA) expression by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). METHODS Five clinical isolates representing the main worldwide CA-MRSA clones were grown with sub-MICs (1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 MIC) of five antibiotics (clindamycin, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin). After 4 and 6 h of incubation, culture pellets were used for relative quantitative RT-PCR with primers specific for pvl, hla, spa and gyrB. The PVL, Hla and SpA concentrations were measured in the supernatant (for PVL and Hla) and in the cell pellet (for SpA) using specific ELISAs. RESULTS For all strains tested, clindamycin and linezolid dramatically reduced mRNA levels of PVL and SpA. Tigecycline also decreased the PVL and SpA mRNA levels of 3/5 and 4/5 strains tested, respectively, whereas daptomycin and vancomycin had no significant effect. PVL and SpA quantification confirmed the concentration-dependent inhibition of PVL and SpA production by clindamycin and, to a lesser extent, by linezolid and tigecycline. Only clindamycin decreased Hla mRNA expression, whereas linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin showed heterogeneous strain-dependent results, and vancomycin had no significant effect. Analysis of the Hla level revealed a stronger concentration-dependent inhibition of Hla release by clindamycin than by linezolid. CONCLUSIONS The effect of sub-MICs on virulence expression depended on the antibiotic and the virulence factor. Clindamycin and linezolid consistently suppressed the expression of different virulence factors by CA-MRSA, whereas tigecycline specifically suppressed PVL expression. Daptomycin and vancomycin seem to have no significant effects at these concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Otto
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France
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12
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Lipinska U, Hermans K, Meulemans L, Dumitrescu O, Badiou C, Duchateau L, Haesebrouck F, Etienne J, Lina G. Panton-Valentine leukocidin does play a role in the early stage of Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: a rabbit model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22864. [PMID: 21850240 PMCID: PMC3151264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite epidemiological data linking necrotizing skin infections with the production of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), the contribution of this toxin to the virulence of S. aureus has been highly discussed as a result of inconclusive results of in vivo studies. However, the majority of these results originate from experiments using mice, an animal species which neutrophils - the major target cells for PVL - are highly insensitive to the action of this leukocidin. In contrast, the rabbit neutrophils have been shown to be as sensitive to PVL action as human cells, making the rabbit a better experimental animal to explore the PVL role. In this study we examined whether PVL contributes to S. aureus pathogenicity by means of a rabbit skin infection model. The rabbits were injected intradermally with 108 cfu of either a PVL positive community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate, its isogenic PVL knockout or a PVL complemented knockout strain, and the development of skin lesions was observed. While all strains induced skin infection, the wild type strain produced larger lesions and a higher degree of skin necrosis compared to the PVL knockout strain in the first week after the infection. The PVL expression in the rabbits was indirectly confirmed by a raise in the serum titer of anti-LukS-PV antibodies observed only in the rabbits infected with PVL positive strains. These results indicate that the rabbit model is more suitable for studying the role of PVL in staphylococcal diseases than other animal models. Further, they support the epidemiological link between PVL producing S. aureus strains and necrotizing skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lipinska
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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13
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Chebel A, Kagialis-Girard S, Catallo R, Chien WW, Mialou V, Domenech C, Badiou C, Tigaud I, Ffrench M. Indirubin derivatives inhibit malignant lymphoid cell proliferation. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:2049-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10428190903288449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Chebel
- Faculté Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | | | | | - Wei Wen Chien
- Faculté Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Valérie Mialou
- Faculté Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
- Department of pediatric hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon France
| | - Carine Domenech
- Faculté Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
- Department of pediatric hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon France
| | - Cedric Badiou
- Faculté Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | | | - Martine Ffrench
- Faculté Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1, Oullins, France
- Laboratoire d' Hématologie, CHLS, Pierre-Bénite, France
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14
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Croze M, Dauwalder O, Dumitrescu O, Badiou C, Gillet Y, Genestier AL, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G. Serum antibodies against Panton-Valentine leukocidin in a normal population and during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:144-8. [PMID: 19154491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is expressed during human infection, anti-PVL antibody titres were compared in patients with PVL-positive and PVL-negative staphylococcal infections, and in patients with no evidence of S. aureus infection. Patients with PVL-positive strains had higher levels of anti-PVL antibodies than individuals of both control groups. The median anti-PVL titre increased 8.6-fold during the course of PVL-positive infection and 1.4-fold during PVL-negative infection. These results indicate that only PVL-positive S. aureus strains elicit significant anti-PVL antibody production in humans, and demonstrate the production of PVL during PVL-positive S. aureus infection. The protective role of this immune response remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Croze
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, INSERM U851, IFR128 Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon
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15
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Brown EL, Dumitrescu O, Thomas D, Badiou C, Koers EM, Choudhury P, Vazquez V, Etienne J, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Bowden MG. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin vaccine protects mice against lung and skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus USA300. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 15:156-64. [PMID: 19154186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly responsible for staphylococcal infections in the community. A large percentage of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant (CA-MRSA) strains in the USA produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), which is associated with severe infections. The virulence of the clinical CA-MRSA strain USA300 was compared to that of its isogenic pvl-deleted mutant, and it was shown that PVL contributes to lung and muscle tissue destruction, respectively, in murine necrotizing pneumonia and skin infection models. Mice infected with the USA300 strain developed a dominant anti-PVL response. The PVL subunits were therefore tested as vaccinogens against this isolate, and their vaccine efficacy correlated with both the route of vaccination and infection. These data suggest that PVL is a virulence factor in murine CA-MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Brown
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Badiou C, Dumitrescu O, Croze M, Gillet Y, Dohin B, Slayman DH, Allaouchiche B, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Lina G. Panton-Valentine leukocidin is expressed at toxic levels in human skin abscesses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:1180-3. [PMID: 19046173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pus samples were prospectively collected from patients with Staphylococcus aureus skin infections and tested for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL was detected at concentrations that were toxic for rabbit skin in all specimens from patients infected with strains harbouring PVL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Badiou
- INSERM U851, Université de Lyon, Centre National de référence des Staphylocoques, Faculté Laennec, Lyon, France
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17
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Dumitrescu O, Badiou C, Bes M, Reverdy ME, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G. Effect of antibiotics, alone and in combination, on Panton–Valentine leukocidin production by a Staphylococcus aureus reference strain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:384-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Kagialis-Girard S, Mialou V, Chebel A, Chien WW, Tigaud I, Mokdad F, Badiou C, Ffrench M. Inhibition of normal lymphocyte proliferation by Indirubin-3'-monoxime: a multifactorial process. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:605-15. [PMID: 17454606 DOI: 10.1080/10428190601059696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Indirubin-3'-monoxime (IO) is a derivative of Indirubin, compound of a Chinese medicinal recipe used to treat various diseases including leukemia. In this study, we investigated to what extent IO inhibits the growth of normal human lymphocytes. We defined various experimental conditions of peripheral blood lymphocyte treatment: IO introduced (i) on unstimulated lymphocytes, (ii) or on stimulated lymphocytes at the time of phytohemagglutinin stimulation (L1 protocol), (iii) 48 h after the beginning of stimulation (L2 protocol), and (iv) after nocodazole synchronization of stimulated lymphocytes. IO induces a concentration dependent cytotoxic effect yielding a characteristic sub-G1 peak in normal stimulated lymphocytes. Cell death was partly due to necrosis and apoptosis. Normal unstimulated lymphocytes remained insensitive to the cytotoxic effect of 10 microM IO treatment. A cell cycle inhibition was observed after IO treatment, stronger for the L1 than for the L2 protocol, without induction of polyploidy after Nocodazole synchronization. These cellular consequences were associated with a decrease in CDK activity, and with CDK and cyclin gene expression modifications. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by IO indicates that indirubin derivatives may be potent immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kagialis-Girard
- University Lyon1 Equipe d'Accueil 3737, Faculté, Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France
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Dumitrescu O, Boisset S, Badiou C, Bes M, Benito Y, Reverdy ME, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G. Effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1515-9. [PMID: 17242137 PMCID: PMC1855455 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01201-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the capacity of Staphylococcus aureus strains to release Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in the presence of antibiotics. No PVL was detected when S. aureus was incubated at inhibitory concentrations, while subinhibitory concentrations of oxacillin enhanced the PVL level; clindamycin, linezolid, and fusidic acid were inhibitory; and vancomycin had roughly no effect.
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