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Zhang S, Xiao Y, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Li C, Shang H. Associations of sugar intake, high-sugar dietary pattern, and the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 210,832 participants. BMC Med 2024; 22:298. [PMID: 39020335 PMCID: PMC11256505 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence demonstrated the potential relationship between dietary sugar intake and dementia. This association demands further clarification in a large-scale population. METHODS A total of 210,832 participants from the UK Biobank cohort were included in this prospective cohort study. Absolute and relative sugar intake and high-sugar dietary scores were utilized to reflect dietary sugar intake. Absolute sugar intake was identified by the Oxford WebQ in the UK Biobank. Relative sugar intake was calculated by dividing the absolute sugar intake by total diet energy. High-sugar dietary pattern was identified using the method of reduced rank regression. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were performed to examine the longitudinal associations between dietary sugar intake and all-cause dementia and its main subtype, Alzheimer's disease. Explorative mediation analyses were conducted to explore underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Increased absolute sugar intake (g/day) was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.003, [95%CI: 1.002-1.004], p < 0.001) and Alzheimer's disease (1.002, [1.001-1.004], 0.005). Relative sugar intake (%g/kJ/day) also demonstrated significant associations with all-cause dementia (1.317, [1.173-1.480], p < 0.001) and Alzheimer's disease (1.249, [1.041-1.500], 0.017), while the high-sugar dietary score was only significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (1.090, [1.045-1.136], p < 0.001). In addition, both sugar intake and high-sugar dietary score demonstrated significant non-linear relationships with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (all p values for non-linearity < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that excessive sugar intake was associated with dementia. Controlling the excess consumption of dietary sugar may be of great public health implications for preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Dong R, Yan XX, Wu J, Sui Y, Zhang J, Cui M. Screening of [ 18F]Florbetazine for Aβ Plaques and a Head-to-Head Comparison Study with [ 11C]Pittsburgh Compound-B ([ 11C]PiB) in Human Subjects. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2054-2062. [PMID: 39022359 PMCID: PMC11249633 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) has emerged as a crucial strategy for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic advancements targeting Aβ. In our previous first-in-human study, we identified that [18F]Florbetazine ([18F]92), featuring a diaryl-azine scaffold, exhibits higher cortical uptake in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Building upon these promising findings, this study aimed to characterize the diagnostic potential of [18F]92 and its dimethylamino-modified tracer [18F]91 and further compare them with the benchmark [11C]PiB in the same cohort of AD patients and age-matched HC subjects. The cortical accumulation of these tracers was evident, with no significant radioactivity retention observed in the cortex of HC subjects, consistent with [11C]PiB images (correlation coefficient of 0.9125 and 0.7883 between [18F]Florbetazine/[18F]91 and [11C]PiB, respectively). Additionally, quantified data revealed higher standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) (with the cerebellum as the reference region) of [18F]Florbetazine/[18F]91 in AD patients compared to the HC group ([18F]Florbetazine: 1.49 vs 1.16; [18F]91: 1.33 vs 1.20). Notably, [18F]Florbetazine exhibited less nonspecific bindings in myelin-rich regions, compared to the dimethylamino-substituted [18F]91, akin to [11C]PiB. Overall, this study suggests that [18F]Florbetazine displays superior characteristics to [18F]91 in identifying Aβ pathology in AD. Furthermore, the close agreement between the uptakes in nontarget regions for [18F]Florbetazine and [11C]PiB in this head-to-head comparison study underscores its suitability for both clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Department
of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Center
for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | - Ruilin Dong
- HighTech
Atom Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China
| | - Xiao-xin Yan
- Department
of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center
for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanying Sui
- HighTech
Atom Co., Ltd., Beijing 102413, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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3
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Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK. Advances in Alzheimer's disease: A multifaceted review of potential therapies and diagnostic techniques for early detection. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105761. [PMID: 38723902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most formidable neurological disorders, affecting millions globally. This review provides a holistic overview of the therapeutic strategies, both conventional and novel, aimed at mitigating the impact of AD. Initially, we delve into the conventional approach, emphasizing the role of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, which has been a cornerstone in AD management. As our understanding of AD evolves, several novel potential approaches emerge. We discuss the promising roles of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition, Tau Protein inhibitors, COX-2 inhibition, PPAR-γ agonism, and FAHH inhibition, among others. The potential of the endocannabinoids (eCB) system, cholesterol-lowering drugs, metal chelators, and MMPs inhibitors are also explored, culminating in the exploration of the pivotal role of microRNA in AD progression. Parallel to these therapeutic insights, we shed light on the novel tools and methodologies revolutionizing AD research. From the quantitative analysis of gene expression by qRTPCR to the evaluation of mitochondrial function using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the advances in diagnostic and research tools offer renewed hope. Moreover, we explore the current landscape of clinical trials, highlighting the leading drug interventions and their respective stages of development. This comprehensive review concludes with a look into the future perspectives, capturing the potential breakthroughs and innovations on the horizon. Through a synthesis of current knowledge and emerging research, this article aims to provide a consolidated resource for clinicians, researchers, and academicians in the realm of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
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Ishiki K, Yamashita K, Watanabe S, Miura M, Kawahira J, Arimatsu Y, Kawasaki K, Iwanaga S, Sato T. The appropriate sample-handling procedure for measuring the plasma β-amyloid level using a fully automated immunoassay. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14266. [PMID: 38902510 PMCID: PMC11190145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) assays are a promising tool for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in clinical practice. To obtain reliable results, establishing an appropriate sample-handling procedure for each analytical platform is warranted. This study proposes an appropriate sample-handling procedure using HISCL analyzer by elucidating the individual/combined effects of pre-analytical parameters on plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels. We investigated the effects of various pre-analytical parameters, including storage times for whole blood, plasma, and freezing conditions, on plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels, and confirmed if these values met the acceptable criteria. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels were acceptable in all conditions. We determined our protocol by confirming that plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels remained acceptable when combining pre-analytical parameters. We established an appropriate sample-handling protocol that ensures reliable measurement of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels using HISCL analyzer. We believe the Aβ assay, with our protocol, shows promise for aiding AD diagnosis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ishiki
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamashita
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Junko Kawahira
- Reagent Engineering, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Yuji Arimatsu
- Reagent Engineering, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Kana Kawasaki
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Shigeki Iwanaga
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-Ku, Kobe, 651-2271, Japan
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Li X, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Li J, Liu S, Chen L, Shi Y, Wang M, Zhu Z, Wang G, Lu Q. Deep Learning-Driven Exploration of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Neuroprotective Activity in Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308970. [PMID: 38454653 PMCID: PMC11095145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a pressing concern in neurodegenerative research. To address the challenges in AD drug development, especially those targeting Aβ, this study uses deep learning and a pharmacological approach to elucidate the potential of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a neuroprotective agent for AD. Using deep learning for a comprehensive molecular dataset, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is predicted and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of compounds are evaluated. PQQ, identified in the Mediterranean-DASH intervention for a diet that delays neurodegeneration, shows notable BBB permeability and low toxicity. In vivo tests conducted on an Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced AD mouse model verify the effectiveness of PQQ in reducing cognitive deficits. PQQ modulates genes vital for synapse and anti-neuronal death, reduces reactive oxygen species production, and influences the SIRT1 and CREB pathways, suggesting key molecular mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects. This study can serve as a basis for future studies on integrating deep learning with pharmacological research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Computer ScienceRWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Jinran Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Sai Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Yiting Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Min Wang
- Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of PharmacyThe University of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211166China
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Huang J, Huang N, Qiu Y, Shi J. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloid decreases Tau hyperphosphorylation via regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117592. [PMID: 38097026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANT Dendrobium is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb. The Compendium of Materia Medica describes its effects as "benefiting intelligence and dispelling shock, lightning the body and extending life". Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is a precious variety of Dendrobium. Our previous data showed Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloid (DNLA) has significant neuroprotective effects and can improve cognitive dysfunction. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of action of its main active component, DNLA, on cognitive dysfunction caused by Tau hyperphosphorylation, are still unclear. AIM OF THE RESEARCH This study aimed to determine the effects of DNLA on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) pathway, thus to explore the mechanisms of DNLA to inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used wortmannin (WM) and GF-109203X (GFX)-induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau in N2a cells and rats to detect the protective mechanism of DNLA in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, the effect of modeling method on Tau hyperphosphorylation was screened and verified by Western Blotting (WB), and the regulation of Tau hyperphosphorylation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway by different concentrations of DNLA was detected by WB. In vivo, MWM was used to detect the effect of DNLA on model rats, and then Nissl staining was used to detect the loss of neurons. Finally, WB was used to detect the regulation of Tau hyperphosphorylation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway by different concentrations of DNLA. RESULTS DNLA could rescue the abnormal PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and reverse the hyperphosphorylation of Tau induced by WM and GFX in N2a cells. Furthermore, DNLA improved the learning and memory of WM and GFX-induced model rats. Moreover, DNLA regulated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and reduced the p-Tau and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of model rats. CONCLUSION DNLA may be a promising candidate for reducing hyperphosphorylation of Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
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Appleman ML, Thomas JL, Weiss AR, Nilaver BI, Cervera-Juanes R, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque density in the rhesus macaque amygdala. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1326747. [PMID: 38274989 PMCID: PMC10808750 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1326747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque density was examined in the amygdala of rhesus macaques, to elucidate the influence of age, diet and hormonal environment. Methods Luminex technology was used to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ40 and Aβ42 across three decades, while immunohistochemistry was used to examine Aβ plaque density in the amygdala. Results Aβ40 was found to be the predominant isoform of Aβ in the CSF, but neither Aβ40 or Aβ42 concentrations showed an age-related change, and the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 showed only a marginal increase. Significantly fewer Aβ plaques were detected in the amygdala of old ovariectomized animals if they received estradiol HRT (p < 0.001); similar results were obtained regardless of whether they had been maintained on a regular monkey chow for ∼48 months or on a high-fat, high-sugar, Western-style diet for ∼30 months. Conclusion The results demonstrate that HRT involving estrogen can reduce Aβ plaque load in a cognitive brain region of aged non-human primates. The results from this translational animal model may therefore have clinical relevance to the treatment of AD in post-menopausal women, whether used alone, or as a supplement to current pharmacological and monoclonal antibody-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Appleman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Jeremy L. Thomas
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Alison R. Weiss
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Benjamin I. Nilaver
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Rita Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Villarejo-Galende A, García-Arcelay E, Piñol-Ripoll G, del Olmo-Rodríguez A, Viñuela F, Boada M, Franco-Macías E, Ibañez de la Peña A, Riverol M, Puig-Pijoan A, Abizanda-Soler P, Arroyo R, Baquero-Toledo M, Feria-Vilar I, Balasa M, Berbel Á, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Vieira-Campos A, Garcia-Ribas G, Rodrigo-Herrero S, Lleó A, Maurino J. Medical help-seeking intentions among patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1290002. [PMID: 38173708 PMCID: PMC10762795 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1290002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information is available on the active process of seeking medical help in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at early stages. The aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of medical help-seeking in early AD and to identify associated factors. Methods A multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted including patients of 50-90 years of age with prodromal or mild AD (National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association criteria), a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 22, and a Clinical Dementia Rating-Global score (CDR-GS) of 0.5-1.0. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results A total of 149 patients were included. Mean age (SD) was 72.3 (7.0) years, 50.3% were female, and 87.2% had a CDR-GS score of 0.5. Mean disease duration was 1.4 (1.8) years. Ninety-four (63.1%) patients sought medical help, mostly from neurologists. Patients with help-seeking intentions were mostly female (60.6%) with a CDR-GS score of 0.5 (91.5%) and had a greater awareness of diagnosis, poorer quality of life, more depressive symptoms, and a more severe perception of their condition than their counterparts. Lack of help-seeking intentions was associated with male sex (p = 0.003), fewer years of education (p = 0.005), a low awareness of diagnosis (p = 0.005), and a low emotional consequence of the condition (p = 0.016). Conclusion Understanding the phenomenon of active medical help-seeking may facilitate the design of specific strategies to improve the detection of cognitive impairment, especially in patients with a lower level of educational attainment and poor awareness of their condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Félix Viñuela
- Cognitive Impairment Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Mario Riverol
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Albert Puig-Pijoan
- Cognitive Impairment and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Abizanda-Soler
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rafael Arroyo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Baquero-Toledo
- Grup d'Investigació en Malaltia d'Alzheimer, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Feria-Vilar
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Unit of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Berbel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Vieira-Campos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Esquer A, Blanc F, Collongues N. Immunotherapies Targeting Amyloid and Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease: Should We Move Away from Diseases and Focus on Biological Targets? A Systematic Review and Expert Opinion. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:1883-1907. [PMID: 37812325 PMCID: PMC10630258 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, making it a major public health issue. Anti-amyloid and anti-tau antibodies are the most advanced therapeutic approach at present. Three drugs (lecanemab, donanemab and aducanumab) are on track to be marketed in the coming months. In this systematic review, we review all Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials conducted in this indication and the particularities of the molecules tested. METHODS The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched through February 2023 for Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials involving passive anti-amyloid or anti-tau immunotherapies with published results. This review has been compiled in compliance with the PRISMA checklists. RESULTS Of the 165 studies found and after eliminating duplicates, 40 studies had their results published on PubMed and/or ClinicalTrials.gov. Eight anti-amyloid molecules and four anti-tau molecules were the subject of Phase 2 studies, seven anti-amyloids were the subject of Phase 3 trials, and two molecules were granted early marketing approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The results were compiled in summary tables showing the primary endpoints used, results, age of the study population and specific adverse events for these molecules. DISCUSSION Passive immunotherapy in AD is largely dominated by anti-amyloid antibodies, which are more numerous and more advanced in the pipeline. Lecanemab, donanemab and aducanumab are distinguished by their relative efficacy in terms of cognitive and functional evaluation but also by a decrease in amyloid and tau proteins in the brain. These three molecules have in common that they bind to N-terminal ends of amyloid fibrils and plaques. The findings of their studies raise the question of which criteria to apply when choosing which patient will receive them when marketed, such as the apoliprotein E gene's fourth allele (APOE4) genetic status of patients. The large number of negative studies may also raise the question of the criteria for defining the disease and the possible interest in redefining it on biological grounds to offer a more personalized medicine to patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Esquer
- Center for Clinical Investigation, INSERM U1434, Strasbourg, France
- Geriatrics Day Hospital and Cognitive-Behavioral Unit, Geriatrics Department, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CM2R), University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Geriatrics Day Hospital and Cognitive-Behavioral Unit, Geriatrics Department, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche (CM2R), University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Strasbourg University and CNRS, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), IMIS Team, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Collongues
- Center for Clinical Investigation, INSERM U1434, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy, INSERM U1119, Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Tang D, Sun C, Yang J, Fan L, Wang Y. Advances in the Study of the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Association with Periodontitis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2203. [PMID: 38004343 PMCID: PMC10672606 DOI: 10.3390/life13112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the leading causes of health problems in the elderly, and studying its causes and treatments remains a serious challenge for researchers worldwide. The two main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) to form senile plaques and the intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, but due to the complexity of the pathophysiologic factors involved in the development of AD, no effective drugs have been found to stop the progression of the disease. Currently, the mainstay drugs used to treat AD can only alleviate the patient's symptoms and do not have a therapeutic effect. As researchers explore interactions among diseases, much evidence suggests that there is a close link between periodontitis and AD, and that periodontal pathogenic bacteria can exacerbate Aβ deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation through neuroinflammatory mechanisms, thereby advancing the pathogenesis of AD. This article reviews recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD, available therapeutic agents, the relevance of periodontitis to AD, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Jumei Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Lili Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
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11
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Li J, Wu X, Tan X, Wang S, Qu R, Wu X, Chen Z, Wang Z, Chen G. The efficacy and safety of anti-Aβ agents for delaying cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1257973. [PMID: 38020763 PMCID: PMC10661413 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1257973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of amyloid-β (Aβ) targeted therapies for delaying cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published before January 18, 2023. Results We pooled 33,689 participants from 42 studies. The meta-analysis showed no difference between anti-Aβ drugs and placebo in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), and anti-Aβ drugs were associated with a high risk of adverse events [ADAS-Cog: MDs = -0.08 (-0.32 to 0.15), p = 0.4785; AEs: RR = 1.07 (1.02 to 1.11), p = 0.0014]. Monoclonal antibodies outperformed the placebo in delaying cognitive deterioration as measured by ADAS-Cog, Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL), without increasing the risk of adverse events [ADAS-Cog: MDs = -0.55 (-0.89 to 0.21), p = 0.001; CDR-SB: MDs = -0.19 (-0.29 to -0.10), p < 0.0001; MMSE: MDs = 0.19 (0.00 to 0.39), p = 0.05; ADCS-ADL: MDs = 1.26 (0.84 to 1.68), p < 0.00001]. Intravenous immunoglobulin and γ-secretase modulators (GSM) increased cognitive decline in CDR-SB [MDs = 0.45 (0.17 to 0.74), p = 0.002], but had acceptable safety profiles in AD patients. γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) increased cognitive decline in ADAS-Cog, and also in MMSE and ADCS-ADL. BACE-1 inhibitors aggravated cognitive deterioration in the outcome of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). GSI and BACE-1 inhibitors caused safety concerns. No evidence indicates active Aβ immunotherapy, MPAC, or tramiprosate have effects on cognitive function and tramiprosate is associated with serious adverse events. Conclusion Current evidence does not show that anti-Aβ drugs have an effect on cognitive performance in AD patients. However, monoclonal antibodies can delay cognitive decline in AD. Development of other types of anti-Aβ drugs should be cautious. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), identifier CRD42023391596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruisi Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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Wittung-Stafshede P. Chemical catalysis by biological amyloids. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1967-1974. [PMID: 37743793 PMCID: PMC10657172 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxic aggregation of proteins and peptides into amyloid fibers is the basis of several human diseases. In each disease, a particular peptide noncovalently assembles into long thin structures with an overall cross-β fold. Amyloids are not only related to disease: functional amyloids are found in many biological systems and artificial peptide amyloids are developed into novel nanomaterials. Amyloid fibers can act as template for the generation of more amyloids but are considered nonreactive in chemical catalysis. The perception of amyloids as chemically inert species was recently challenged by in vitro work on three human amyloid systems. With the use of model substrates, amyloid-β, α-synuclein and glucagon amyloids were found to catalyze biologically relevant chemical reactions. The detected catalytic activity was much less than that of 'real' enzymes, but like that of designed (synthetic) catalytic amyloids. I here describe the current knowledge around this new activity of natural amyloids and the putative connection to metabolic changes in amyloid diseases. These pioneering studies imply that catalytic activity is an unexplored gain-of-function activity of disease amyloids. In fact, all biological amyloids may harbor intrinsic catalytic activity, tuned by each amyloid's particular fold, that await discovery.
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13
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Walhovd KB, Lövden M, Fjell AM. Timing of lifespan influences on brain and cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:901-915. [PMID: 37563042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Modifiable risk and protective factors for boosting brain and cognitive development and preventing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are embraced in neuroimaging studies. We call for sobriety regarding the timing and quantity of such influences on brain and cognition. Individual differences in the level of brain and cognition, many of which present already at birth and early in development, appear stable, larger, and more pervasive than differences in change across the lifespan. Incorporating early-life factors, including genetics, and investigating both level and change will reduce the risk of ascribing undue importance and causality to proximate factors in adulthood and older age. This has implications for both mechanistic understanding and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Martin Lövden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Hu L, Tao Y, Jiang Y, Qin F. Recent progress of nanomedicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228679. [PMID: 37457297 PMCID: PMC10340527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of memory disruption in elderly subjects, with the prevalence continuing to rise mainly because of the aging world population. Unfortunately, no efficient therapy is currently available for the AD treatment, due to low drug potency and several challenges to delivery, including low bioavailability and the impediments of the blood-brain barrier. Recently, nanomedicine has gained considerable attention among researchers all over the world and shown promising developments in AD treatment. A wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymer nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendritic nanoparticles, biomimetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, etc., have been adapted to develop successful new treatment strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances of different nanomedicine for their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. Finally, some insights and future research directions are proposed. This review can provide useful information to guide the future design and evaluation of nanomedicine in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Hu
- Mental Health Center and West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Mental Health Center and West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Pasieka A, Panek D, Zaręba P, Sługocka E, Gucwa N, Espargaró A, Latacz G, Khan N, Bucki A, Sabaté R, Więckowska A, Malawska B. Novel drug-like fluorenyl derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase and β-amyloid inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 88-89:117333. [PMID: 37236021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation remain important biological target and mechanism in the search for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Simultaneous inhibition thereof by the application of multifunctional agents may lead to improvement in terms of symptoms and causes of the disease. Here, we present the rational design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling studies of novel series of fluorene-based BuChE and Aβ inhibitors with drug-like characteristics and advantageous Central Nervous System Multiparameter Optimization scores. Among 17 synthesized and tested compounds, we identified 22 as the most potent eqBuChE inhibitor with IC50 of 38 nM and 37.4% of Aβ aggregation inhibition at 10 μM. Based on molecular modelling studies, including molecular dynamics, we determined the binding mode of the compounds within BuChE and explained the differences in the activity of the two enantiomers of compound 22. A novel series of fluorenyl compounds meeting the drug-likeness criteria seems to be a promising starting point for further development as anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pasieka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paula Zaręba
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Sługocka
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Łazarza St., 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Gucwa
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Nadia Khan
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Departement of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St. 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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16
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Xia ZD, Ma RX, Wen JF, Zhai YF, Wang YQ, Wang FY, Liu D, Zhao XL, Sun B, Jia P, Zheng XH. Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Drug Discovery of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1265-1301. [PMID: 37424469 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease induced by multiple factors. The high incidence and the aging of the global population make it a growing global health concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The clinical manifestations are progressive cognitive dysfunction and lack of behavioral ability, which not only seriously affect the health and quality of life of the elderly, but also bring a heavy burden to the family and society. Unfortunately, almost all the drugs targeting the classical pathogenesis have not achieved satisfactory clinical effects in the past two decades. Therefore, the present review provides more novel ideas on the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, including classical pathogenesis and a variety of possible pathogenesis that have been proposed in recent years. It will be helpful to find out the key target and the effect pathway of potential drugs and mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of AD. In addition, the common animal models in AD research are outlined and we examine their prospect for the future. Finally, Phase I, II, III, and IV randomized clinical trials or on the market of drugs for AD treatment were searched in online databases (Drug Bank Online 5.0, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, and Alzforum). Therefore, this review may also provide useful information in the research and development of new AD-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Di Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ruo-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
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