1
|
da Silva FC, Brandão DC, Ferreira EA, Siqueira RP, Ferreira HSV, Da Silva Filho AA, Araújo TG. Tailoring Potential Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Luminal Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1466. [PMID: 37895937 PMCID: PMC10610388 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide, mainly affecting the epithelial cells from the mammary glands. When it expresses the estrogen receptor (ER), the tumor is called luminal BC, which is eligible for endocrine therapy with hormone signaling blockade. Hormone therapy is essential for the survival of patients, but therapeutic resistance has been shown to be worrying, significantly compromising the prognosis. In this context, the need to explore new compounds emerges, especially compounds of plant origin, since they are biologically active and particularly promising. Natural products are being continuously screened for treating cancer due to their chemical diversity, reduced toxicity, lower side effects, and low price. This review summarizes natural compounds for the treatment of luminal BC, emphasizing the activities of these compounds in ER-positive cells. Moreover, their potential as an alternative to endocrine resistance is explored, opening new opportunities for the design of optimized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cardoso da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Douglas Cardoso Brandão
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Everton Allan Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.A.F.); (A.A.D.S.F.)
| | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
| | - Ademar Alves Da Silva Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.A.F.); (A.A.D.S.F.)
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (F.C.d.S.); (D.C.B.); (R.P.S.); (H.S.V.F.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia 38405-302, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alizadeh A, Mohammah-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Khodaie L, Mirghafourvand M. Effect of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on urinary incontinence and quality of life in menopausal women: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2012-2023. [PMID: 36640148 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased urinary incontinence is one of the most common changes during menopause. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on urinary incontinence and quality of life (QoL) (primary outcomes) and sexual function (secondary outcome) in menopausal women. In this triple-blind randomized controlled trial, 60 women in Tabriz-Iran were equally allocated into two treatment and control groups using block randomization. The women applied 2-3 drops of Nigella sativa L. seed oil or placebo on their stomachs below the novel twice a day for 8 weeks. The data collection instruments were completed at baseline and just after the intervention. After intervention, the mean rank score of mixed urinary incontinence was significantly lower (p = .04) and the mean score of the incontinence-QoL was significantly higher (mean difference 12.63, 95% CI 2.33 to 22.93; p = .017) in the treatment group than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in stress incontinence, urge incontinence, sexual function, and menopause-specific QoL of women between the groups (p > .05). The results indicated the positive effect of the Nigella sativa L. seed oil on mixed incontinence and incontinence-QoL; nevertheless, to make a certain conclusion, further studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Laleh Khodaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swallah MS, Yang X, Li J, Korese JK, Wang S, Fan H, Yu H, Huang Q. The Pros and Cons of Soybean Bioactive Compounds: An Overview. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Joseph Kudadam Korese
- Agricultural Mechanization and Irrigation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development StudiesDepartment of, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Calycosin inhibits viability, induces apoptosis, and suppresses invasion of cervical cancer cells by upregulating tumor suppressor miR-375. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
5
|
Konar M, Sahoo H. Tyrosine mediated conformational change in bone morphogenetic protein – 2: Biophysical implications of protein – phytoestrogen interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:727-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
6
|
Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Świeca M, Gawlik-Dziki U, Złotek U, Kapusta I, Kordowska-Wiater M, Baraniak B. Effect of cold storage on the potentially bioaccessible isoflavones and antioxidant activities of soybean sprouts enriched with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
8
|
Nkurunziza D, Pendleton P, Chun BS. Optimization and kinetics modeling of okara isoflavones extraction using subcritical water. Food Chem 2019; 295:613-621. [PMID: 31174803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the soybean milk and tofu byproduct okara was subjected to subcritical water extraction with the intention of recovering isoflavones with minimal degradation. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the extraction variables indicated that optimized conditions would be T = 146.23 °C, P = 3.98 MPa, and α = 20 mg (solid)/mL (extractant). Mathematical models for the conversion and degradation of isoflavones were solved as a set of simultaneous equations leading to rate constants and time-dependent concentration profiles for each genistein- and daidzein-based compound. These kinetic analyses suggested that an optimum extraction time, under RSM-optimized conditions, would be 213.5 ± 8.7 min. The results of our study suggest that okara byproducts could be valorized efficiently, as a source of bioactive isoflavone aglycones, using subcritical water. The mathematical models and optimized extraction conditions that we established in this study could be employed, as process control-optimized variables, in the exploitation of okara, specifically in the isolation of genistein and daidzein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Nkurunziza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Pendleton
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Byung Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluation of protective efficacy of flaxseed lignan-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6171-6179. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Effects of Ficus umbellata (Moraceae) Aqueous Extract and 7-Methoxycoumarin on Scopolamine-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:5751864. [PMID: 30363978 PMCID: PMC6186347 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5751864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to evaluate the ability of F. umbellata aqueous extract and its major component 7-methoxycoumarin (MC) to improve scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in ovariectomized Wistar rats. For this to be done, 10 sham-operated and 30 postmenopausal-like rats were randomly distributed in eight groups (n = 5) and treated with distilled water (2 mL/250 g), estradiol valerate (1 mg/kg BW), piracetam (1.5 mg/kg BW), F. umbellata aqueous extract (50 and 200 mg/kg BW), or MC (1 mg/kg BW) for 21 consecutive days. Before and after the memory impairment with scopolamine (2 mg/kg BW), animals underwent behavioral evaluations on Y- and radial mazes. As results, age and ovariectomy did not induce significant changes in the reference memory errors. While age decreased working memory errors, ovariectomy increased it. The MC as well as F. umbellata extract significantly increased (p < 0.01) the percentage of spontaneous alternation and decreased (p < 0.001) working and spatial reference memory errors and anxiety parameters (rearing and grooming) in ovariectomized rats. MC significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the MDA level, but resulted in an increase in GSH level in brain homogenates. These results suggest that MC is endowed with neuroprotective effects and could account for the neuroprotective effects of F. umbellata in rats.
Collapse
|
11
|
Comparison of Pueraria mirifica gel and conjugated equine estrogen cream effects on vaginal health in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 24:210-215. [PMID: 27749740 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of a 12-week treatment with Pueraria mirifica (PM) gel or a conjugated estrogen cream on vaginal maturation index, vaginal symptom score, vaginal health assessment score, and vaginal flora in postmenopausal women. METHODS In a prospective, noninferiority, randomized controlled study, 82 postmenopausal women with at least one vulvovaginal symptom, that is, dryness, soreness, irritation, dyspareunia, or discharge, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups for treatment with either PM gel or conjugated estrogen cream (CEE). The treatment regimen consisted of application of 0.5 g of product intravaginally daily for 2 weeks, and then decreased to three times per week for 10 weeks. Vaginal maturation index, vaginal symptoms score, and vaginal health assessment score were evaluated before the beginning of the study and at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment with PM or CEE. RESULTS The vaginal maturation index increased significantly in both treatment groups at week 12, from 22.44 ± 22.28 to 47.56 ± 29.00 and from 27.07 ± 26.12 to 66.90 ± 22.42 in the PM and the CEE groups, respectively (P < 0.05). A significantly higher effect was, however, observed in the CEE group (P < 0.05). Vaginal symptom scores decreased significantly after treatment in both groups, from 4.37 ± 2.79 to 0.95 ± 1.88 and from 4.15 ± 2.16 to 0.68 ± 1.64 in the PM and the CEE groups, respectively (P < 0.05), with no statistically significant different between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of a 12-week treatment regimen with Pueraria mirifica gel was shown to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy. Conjugated estrogen cream was found to be more effective compared to Pueraria mirifica gel in improving signs of vaginal atrophy and restoring vaginal epithelium at 6 and 12 weeks.
Collapse
|
12
|
Calado A, Neves PM, Santos T, Ravasco P. The Effect of Flaxseed in Breast Cancer: A Literature Review. Front Nutr 2018; 5:4. [PMID: 29468163 PMCID: PMC5808339 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second most responsible for cancer mortality worldwide. In 2014, in Portugal approximately 27,200 people died of cancer, of which 1,791 were women with breast cancer. Flaxseed has been one of the most studied foods, regarding possible relations to breast cancer, though mainly in experimental studies in animals, yet in few clinical trials. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, lignan, and fibers. One of the main components of flaxseed is the lignans, of which 95% are made of the predominant secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). SDG is converted into enterolactone and enterodiol, both with antiestrogen activity and structurally similar to estrogen; they can bind to cell receptors, decreasing cell growth. Some studies have shown that the intake of omega-3 fatty acids is related to the reduction of breast cancer risk. In animal studies, α-linolenic acids have been shown to be able to suppress growth, size, and proliferation of cancer cells and also to promote breast cancer cell death. Other animal studies found that the intake of flaxseed combined with tamoxifen can reduce tumor size to a greater extent than taking tamoxifen alone. Additionally, some clinical trials showed that flaxseed can have an important role in decreasing breast cancer risk, mainly in postmenopausal women. Further studies are needed, specifically clinical trials that may demonstrate the potential benefits of flaxseed in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Calado
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria and Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana (FMH) (Projecto Aventura Social-Social Adventure Team), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,William James Center for Research, ISPA--Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Ravasco
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria and Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Li H, Gao M, Zhang T, Wu Z, Wang Z, Chong T. Genistein attenuates di‑(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular injuries via activation of Nrf2/HO‑1 following prepubertal exposure. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1437-1446. [PMID: 29328408 PMCID: PMC5819899 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and genistein (GEN) are of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in the environment or the diet. However, investigation of the effects of acute exposure to these two EDCs during prepuberty has been lacking. In this study, DEHP and GEN were administrated to prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage from PND22 to PND35 with vehicle control, GEN 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day, DEHP50, 150 and 450 mg/kg bw/day, and combined treatment. Reproductive parameters including testis weight, anogenital distance and organ coefficient were evaluated on PND36. Enzyme activity involved in the regulation of testicular redox state as well as expression of genes and proteins related to anti-oxidative ability and apoptosis were also investigated. The results revealed that by PND36, DEHP treatment had significantly decreased the testis weight, organ coefficient, testicular anti-oxidative enzyme activities and caused tubular vacuolation; however, co-administration of GEN partially alleviated DEHP-induced testicular injuries and enhanced testicular anti-oxidative enzyme activities and upregulated the expression of NF-E2 related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1, which indicated that GEN partially attenuated DEHP-induced male reproductive system damage through anti-oxidative action following acute prepubertal exposure to DEHP. Thus, GEN may have use in attenuating the damaging effects of other EDCs that lead to reproductive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tongdian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen HH, Chen SP, Zheng QL, Nie SP, Li WJ, Hu XJ, Xie MY. Genistein Promotes Proliferation of Human Cervical Cancer Cells Through Estrogen Receptor-Mediated PI3K/Akt-NF-κB Pathway. J Cancer 2018; 9:288-295. [PMID: 29344275 PMCID: PMC5771336 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are polyphenol compounds which have similar structure to 17β-estradiol (E2), a kind of main estrogen in women. Thus, phytoestrogens may affect the reproductive and endocrine systems, leading to the development of estrogen-related cancers. The effect of genistein (Gen), one of the most studied phytoestrogens, on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) was investigated in this study. It was found that Gen at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µmol·L-1 promoted the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Gen increased the portion of HeLa cells in S phase and decreased the portion of the cells in G1 phase. Besides, apoptosis rate of the cells was significantly lower when treated with Gen compared with the control group. It was also found that the expression of ERα, Akt or nuclear NF-κB p65 protein was activated by Gen. The correlation between these three proteins may be as following: ERα was the upstream, followed by Akt, and then nuclear NF-κB p65 protein. In addition, the downstream genes of activated nuclear NF-κB p65 were found to be associated with cell cycle and apoptosis of cancer cells. Our results suggested that Gen may stimulate cell proliferation partially through the estrogen receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt-NF-κB pathway and the further activation of the downstream genes of nuclear NF-κB p65.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | | | | | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kargozar R, Azizi H, Salari R. A review of effective herbal medicines in controlling menopausal symptoms. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5826-5833. [PMID: 29403626 PMCID: PMC5783135 DOI: 10.19082/5826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute menopausal syndrome especially hot flashes, is one of the most common gynecological problems during menopause. Due to the side effects of hormone therapy, herbal and complementary medicines are always of immense interest to people in the treatment and management of the symptoms and complications of menopause. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms and effects of medicinal plants employed in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. METHODS This review article was carried out by examining clinical trial studies between the period of 1994 and 2016. The keywords, which include menopause, climacteric, hot flushes, flashes, herb and phytoestrogens were used to search for herbal medicines used in clinical trials for the treatment of menopausal symptoms using databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google scholar, SID and Magiran. RESULTS The results of the study showed that the medicinal plants, which include Sage herb (Salvia officinalis), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Valerina officinalis, Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Black cumin (Nigella sativa), Vitex (Vitex agnus-castus), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), Ginkgo biloba, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Hypericum perforatum, Panax ginseng, Pimpinella anisum, Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Passiflora incarnata, Red clover (Trifolium pratense), and Glycine soja were effective in the treatment of acute menopausal syndrome with different mechanisms. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants can play an imperative role in the treatment of acute menopausal syndrome; however, further studies are required to buttress their efficacy in the treatment of acute menopausal syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Kargozar
- Ph.D. student of Persian Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Azizi
- M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Chinese and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- Ph.D. of Drug Control, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Corrêa LB, Cardozo LFDF, Ribeiro ICDA, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA. Influence of prolonged flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) consumption over epididymis and testicle histoarchitecture of Wistar rats. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000600020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Flaxseed is considered a functional food with several health benefits. However, because of its high phytoestrogen content, flaxseed influences hormone metabolism and affects the gonadal biomorphology. In this study, computerized histomorphometry was used to evaluate seminiferous and epididymal tubules, considering the different regions of the epididymis (head, body and tail) of rats subjected to a prolonged diet of flaxseed. Young adult male Wistar rats (n=20) were divided into 2 groups during their lactation period: Control Group (CG), fed casein-based meals and Flaxseed Group (FG), fed a 25% flaxseed meal. After 250 days of continuous ingestion, the animals were euthanized and a blood sample was collected. The testicles and epididymis were removed and fixed in buffered formalin solution. The samples were subjected to routine histological paraffin techniques and stained with hematoxilin and eosin. Immunostaining was performed using an antivimentin antibody for Sertoli cell identification. For morphometry, images of the slides were scanned and analyzed using Image J to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter and tubular and luminal area. In the hormonal evaluation, FG had a higher serum concentration of estrogen (P=0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of testosterone. The morphometric assay of seminiferous tubules and epididymal regions revealed no significant differences between the analyzed groups. Similarly, Sertoli cell quantification showed no significant differences in the FG (P=0.98). These results revealed that the continuous and prolonged intake of 25% flaxseed meals from gestation to 250 days of age, even with a significant increase in serum levels of estradiol, does not exert adverse effects on the testicular and epididymal structure or on the cells participating in the spermatogenesis of rats.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qi S, Zheng H. Combined Effects of Phytoestrogen Genistein and Silicon on Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:281-287. [PMID: 27785742 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of concomitant supplementation of genistein and silicon on bone mineral density and bone metabolism-related markers in ovariectomized rat. Three-month-old Sprague Dawley female rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery, and then the OVX rats were randomly divided into four groups: OVX-GEN, OVX-Si, OVX-GEN-Si, and OVX. Genistein and silicon supplementation was started immediately after OVX and continued for 10 weeks. In the OVX-GEN group, 5 mg genistein per gram body weight was injected subcutaneously. The OVX-Si group was given soluble silicon daily in demineralized water (Si 20 mg/kg body weight/day). The OVX-GEN-Si group was given subcutaneous injections of 5 mg genistein per gram body weight, at the same time, given soluble silicon daily (Si 20 mg/kg body weight/day). The results showed that the genistein supplementation in the OVX rats significantly prevented the loss of uterus weight; however, the silicon supplementation showed no effect on the uterus weight loss. The lumbar spine and femur bone mineral density was significantly decreased after OVX surgery; however, this decrease was inhibited by the genistein and/or silicon, and the BMD of the lumbar spine and femur was the highest in the OVX-GEN-Si-treated group. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the supplementation of genistein and/or silicon restored bone volume and trabecular thickness of femoral trabecular bone in the OVX group. Besides, the treatment with genistein and silicon for 10 weeks increased the serum levels of calcium and phosphorus in the OVX rats; serum calcium and serum phosphorus in the OVX-GEN-Si group were higher than those in the OVX-GEN and OVX-Si group (P < 0.05). At the same time, the treatment with genistein and/or silicon decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin, which were increased by ovariectomy; serum ALP and osteocalcin in the OVX-GEN-Si group were lower than those in the OVX-GEN and OVX-Si groups (P < 0.05). The results above indicate that genistein and silicon have synergistic effects on bone formation in ovariectomized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Vitamin D Research Institute, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University, Chaoyang Road, Hantai District, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gupta SK, Kumar R, Mishra NC. Influence of quercetin and nanohydroxyapatite modifications of decellularized goat-lung scaffold for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:919-928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
19
|
Choudhary D, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Kumar P, Verma A, Kumar A, Maurya SW, Siddiqui IR, Mishra PR, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Fast and long acting neoflavonoids dalbergin isolated from Dalbergia sissoo heartwood is osteoprotective in ovariectomized model of osteoporosis: Osteoprotective effect of Dalbergin. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:942-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
20
|
Garg S, Lule VK, Malik RK, Tomar SK. Soy Bioactive Components in Functional Perspective: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheenam Garg
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhao Kisanrao Lule
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Malik
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuligowski M, Pawłowska K, Jasińska-Kuligowska I, Nowak J. Isoflavone composition, polyphenols content and antioxidative activity of soybean seeds during tempeh fermentation. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1197316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
22
|
Ko KP. Isoflavones: chemistry, analysis, functions and effects on health and cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7001-10. [PMID: 25227781 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens and natural plant compounds which are similar to 17-β-estradiol in chemical structure. It is known that they can act as estrogen agonists or antagonists, depending on endocrine estrogenic levels, but actions of isoflavones are rather complex due to large number of variables such as chemical structures and mechanisms. Some hypotheses on biological mechanisms have not satisfactorily been confirmed to date and human epidemiological and experimental studies have been relatively limited. Nevertheless, isoflavones and isoflavone rich foods have become a focus on interest due to positive health benefits on many diseases, especially prevention of hormone-related cancers, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and adverse postmenopausal symptoms, and improvement of physiological condition such as maintaining cognitive function. This review provides an overview of chemistry, analytical techniques (focused on human biospecimens), functions including biological mechanisms, and effects of isoflavones, on the basis of the available meta-analysis and review articles and some original articles, on health and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Pil Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea E-mail :
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ricklefs E, Girhard M, Koschorreck K, Smit MS, Urlacher VB. Two-Step One-Pot Synthesis of Pinoresinol from Eugenol in an Enzymatic Cascade. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
24
|
Hartono K, Reed S, Ankrah NA, Glahn RP, Tako E. Alterations in gut microflora populations and brush border functionality following intra-amniotic daidzein administration. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10962g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daidzein is an isoflavone found primarily in soybean and various soy-based products such as tofu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hartono
- USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture & Health
- Ithaca
- USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Cornell University
| | - Spenser Reed
- USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture & Health
- Ithaca
- USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Cornell University
| | | | | | - Elad Tako
- USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture & Health
- Ithaca
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Prepubertal exposure to genistein alleviates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced testicular oxidative stress in adult rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:598630. [PMID: 25530965 PMCID: PMC4228721 DOI: 10.1155/2014/598630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plastizer in the world and can suppress testosterone production via activation of oxidative stress. Genistein (GEN) is one of the isoflavones ingredients exhibiting weak estrogenic and potentially antioxidative effects. However, study on reproductive effects following prepubertal multiple endocrine disrupters exposure has been lacking. In this study, DEHP and GEN were administrated to prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage from postnatal day 22 (PND22) to PND35 with vehicle control, GEN at 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (G), DEHP at 50, 150, 450 mg/kg bw/day (D50, D150, D450) and their mixture (G + D50, G + D150, G + D450). On PND90, general morphometry (body weight, AGD, organ weight, and organ coefficient), testicular redox state, and testicular histology were studied. Our results indicated that DEHP could significantly decrease sex organs weight, organ coefficient, and testicular antioxidative ability, which largely depended on the dose of DEHP. However, coadministration of GEN could partially alleviate DEHP-induced reproductive injuries via enhancement of testicular antioxidative enzymes activities, which indicates that GEN has protective effects on DEHP-induced male reproductive system damage after prepubertal exposure and GEN may have promising future in its curative antioxidative role for reproductive disorders caused by other environmental endocrine disruptors.
Collapse
|
26
|
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: a possible renoprotective effect. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:961-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
27
|
Cantanhêde LF, Almeida LP, Soares REP, Castelo Branco PVG, Pereira SRF. Soy isoflavones have antimutagenic activity on DNA damage induced by the antileishmanial Glucantime (meglumine antimoniate). Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:312-7. [PMID: 25268948 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.963599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens reported to be potent antioxidant agents. In contrast, the antileishmanial meglumine antimoniate has mutagenic activities. This study evaluated the ability of soy isoflavones to reduce DNA damage induced by meglumine antimoniate. Antimutagenic effects (by micronucleus test) were tested using Swiss mice divided into seven groups treated with meglumine antimoniate (425 mg/kg bw pentavalent antimony); cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg bw); water (negative control); single isoflavones dose (1.6 mg/kg bw), and three groups received one dose of isoflavones via gavage (0.4 mg/kg bw, 0.8 mg/kg bw or 1.6 mg/kg bw) plus meglumine antimoniate via intraperitoneal, simultaneously. To evaluate antigenotoxicity (by Comet assay), each group with 10 animals received the above-mentioned control doses; single dose of isoflavones 0.8 mg/kg bw, and three groups received isoflavones (0.8 mg/kg bw) by gavage along with intraperitoneal meglumine antimoniate, which were treated with isoflavones 24 h before or after receiving meglumine antimoniate (pre-treatment and post-treatment, respectively) or simultaneously. Cells were harvested 24 h after the treatment, and the data were evaluated by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The data from the simultaneous treatment by micronucleus test revealed that isoflavones (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg) were able to reverse the mutagenic effect of Glucantime. Moreover, all regimes of the treatment with 0.8 mg/kg bw dose were able to reduce the genotoxicity caused by meglumine antimoniate. It is suggested that the protective effect of isoflavones against DNA damage is related to their ability to reduce oxidative stress caused by the trivalent Sb(III) metabolite of meglumine antimoniate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludymila Furtado Cantanhêde
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga , São Luís, Maranhão , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mecocci P, Tinarelli C, Schulz RJ, Polidori MC. Nutraceuticals in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:147. [PMID: 25002849 PMCID: PMC4066843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several chemical substances belonging to classes of natural dietary origin display protective properties against some age-related diseases including neurodegenerative ones, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). These compounds, known as nutraceuticals, differ structurally, act therefore at different biochemical and metabolic levels and have shown different types of neuroprotective properties. The aim of this review is to summarize data from observational studies, clinical trials, and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in humans on the effects of selected nutraceuticals against age-related cognitive impairment and dementia. We report results from studies on flavonoids, some vitamins and other natural substances that have been studied in AD and that might be beneficial for the maintenance of a good cognitive performance. Due to the substantial lack of high-level evidence studies there is no possibility for recommendation of nutraceuticals in dementia-related therapeutic guidelines. Nevertheless, the strong potential for their neuroprotective action warrants further studies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - C. Tinarelli
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - R. J. Schulz
- Geriatrics Department, Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - M. C. Polidori
- Geriatrics Department, Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mercier S, Villeneuve S, Moresoli C, Mondor M, Marcos B, Power KA. Flaxseed-Enriched Cereal-Based Products: A Review of the Impact of Processing Conditions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:400-412. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mercier
- Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering; Univ. de Sherbrooke; 2500 Université blvd Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Sébastien Villeneuve
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Food Research and Development Centre; 3600 Casavant Blvd West Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 8E3 Canada
| | - Christine Moresoli
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Univ. of Waterloo; 200 Univ. Ave. West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Martin Mondor
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Food Research and Development Centre; 3600 Casavant Blvd West Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 8E3 Canada
| | - Bernard Marcos
- Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering; Univ. de Sherbrooke; 2500 Université blvd Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Krista A. Power
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Guelph Food Research Centre; 93 Stone Rd. W Guelph Ontario N1G 5C9 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Biotransformation of Daidzein to Equol by Crude Enzyme fromAsaccharobacter celatusAHU1763 Required an Anaerobic Environment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1435-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Yang L, Yu Z, Qu H, Li M. Comparative Effects of Hispidulin, Genistein, and Icariin with Estrogen on Bone Tissue in Ovariectomized Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:485-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Al-Bishri WM. Favorable effects of flaxseed supplemented diet on liver and kidney functions in hypertensive Wistar rats. J Oleo Sci 2014; 62:709-15. [PMID: 24005015 DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is detrimental to several organs including the liver and kidneys. The flaxseed-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids including the omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids have been shown to blunt the effects of hypertension. It is however, unclear whether the flaxseed, which is rich in these essential fatty acids, could improve the liver and kidney dysfunctions observed in the hypertensive condition. To test this, functional markers of the liver and kidneys, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), creatinine, and renin were examined in hypertensive male Wistar rats fed a flaxseed diet. Normotensive rats maintained on a standard diet were rendered hypertensive with a daily administration of cyclosporin A (CYS) (25 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Subsequently, hypertensive rats were either fed a standard diet alone or a flaxseed-supplemented standard diet (FLX; 10% W/W) for 8 weeks. Compared to normotensive rats, standard diet-fed hypertensive rats had significantly elevated blood pressure, altered lipid profile, and increased plasma levels of tissue markers measured immediately following the CYS treatment and thereafter at 4 and 8 week intervals. On the other hand, rats fed the FLX-supplemented diet had significantly lower blood pressure, an improved lipid profile and decreased tissue marker levels measured after 4 and 8 week durations. The data demonstrate for the first time the favourable effects of FLX in improving liver and kidney functions in the hypertensive condition. These effects are likely to be mediated by the alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) contents of flaxseed oil due to its demonstrated ability to lower the blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Widad M Al-Bishri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science for Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Visser K, Mortimer M, Louw A. Cyclopia extracts act as ERα antagonists and ERβ agonists, in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79223. [PMID: 24223909 PMCID: PMC3817056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy associated risks, and the concomitant reluctance of usage, has instigated the search for new generations of estrogen analogues that would maintain estrogen benefits without associated risks. Furthermore, if these analogues display chemo-preventative properties in breast and endometrial tissues it would be of great value. Both the selective estrogen receptor modulators as well as the selective estrogen receptor subtype modulators have been proposed as estrogen analogues with improved risk profiles. Phytoestrogen containing extracts of Cyclopia, an indigenous South African fynbos plant used to prepare Honeybush tea may serve as a source of new estrogen analogues. In this study three extracts, P104, SM6Met, and cup-of-tea, from two species of Cyclopia, C. genistoides and C. subternata, were evaluated for ER subtype specific agonism and antagonism both in transactivation and transrepression. For transactivation, the Cyclopia extracts displayed ERα antagonism and ERβ agonism when ER subtypes were expressed separately, however, when co-expressed only agonism was uniformly observed. In contrast, for transrepression, this uniform behavior was lost, with some extracts (P104) displaying uniform agonism, while others (SM6Met) displayed antagonism when subtypes were expressed separately and agonism when co-expressed. In addition, breast cancer cell proliferation assays indicate that extracts antagonize cell proliferation in the presence of estrogen at lower concentrations than that required for proliferation. Furthermore, lack of uterine growth and delayed vaginal opening in an immature rat uterotrophic model validates the ERα antagonism of extracts observed in vitro and supports the potential of the Cyclopia extracts as a source of estrogen analogues with a reduced risk profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koch Visser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
| | - Morné Mortimer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mervish NA, Gardiner EW, Galvez MP, Kushi LH, Windham GC, Biro FM, Pinney SM, Rybak ME, Teitelbaum SL, Wolff MS. Dietary flavonol intake is associated with age of puberty in a longitudinal cohort of girls. Nutr Res 2013; 33:534-42. [PMID: 23827127 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and flavonols are dietary phytoestrogens found at high concentrations in the Western Diet. They have potential to influence the timing of puberty. We hypothesized that greater consumption of these 2 phytoestrogens would be related to later age at pubertal onset among girls. Pubertal assessment and 24-hour diet recall data were available for 1178 girls, ages 6 to 8 years (mean 7.3 years) in the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Project Puberty Study. Lignan and flavonol intakes were mainly derived from fruit and vegetable consumption. Average consumption was 6.5 mg/d for flavonols and 0.6 mg/d for lignans. Highest flavonol consumption (>5 mg/d) was associated with later breast development (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]: 0.74, 95% CI: [0.61-0.91]) compared to 2 to 5 mg/d (adjusted HR: 0.84, 95% CI: [0.70-1.0]) and <2 mg/d (referent group; P-trend = .006). Flavonol intake was not associated with pubic hair development. Lignan intake was not associated with either breast or pubic hair development. Dietary intake was only weakly correlated with urinary enterolactone, a biomarker for lignans (RS = 0.13). Consistent with biologic properties of phytoestrogens that indicate hormonal activity, their consumption may be associated with reproductive end points, even in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Mervish
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Moree SS, Kavishankar GB, Rajesha J. Antidiabetic effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:237-245. [PMID: 23271000 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Its complications such as neuropathy, cardiopathy, nephropathy, and micro and macro vascular diseases are believed to be due to the increase in oxidative stress and decrease in the level of antioxidants. The aim of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic activity of synthetic Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The synthetic SDG in a single-dose (20 mg/kg b.w.) two-day study showed dose-dependent reduction in glucose levels with maximum effect of 64.62% at 48 h post drug treatment (p<0.05), which is comparable to that of the standard drug tolbutamide (20 mg/kg b.w.). In a multi-dose fourteen-day study, lower doses of SDG (5 and 10 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited moderate reduction in glucose levels, lipid profile, restoration of antioxidant enzymes and improvement of the insulin and c-peptide levels which shows the regeneration of β-cell which secretes insulin. Altered levels of lipids and enzymatic antioxidants were also restored by the SDG to the considerable levels in diabetic rats. Results of the present investigation suggest that diabetes is associated with an increase in oxidative stress as shown by increase in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). Also, diabetes is associated with an increase in serum total cholesterol as well as triglycerides levels and decrease in insulin and c-peptide levels. SDG is effective in retarding the development of diabetic complications. We propose that synthetic SDG exerts anti hyperglycemic effect by preventing the liver from peroxidation damage through inhibition of ROS level mediated increased level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. And, also maintaining tissue function which results in improving the sensitivity and response of target cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats to insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq S Moree
- Department of Biochemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore 570005, Karnataka, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chiang SS, Pan TM. Beneficial effects of phytoestrogens and their metabolites produced by intestinal microflora on bone health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1489-500. [PMID: 23318837 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are a class of bioactive compounds derived from plants and exert various estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Estrogen deficiency osteoporosis has become a serious problem in elderly women. The use of ovariectomized (OVX) rat or mice models to simulate the postmenopausal condition is well established. This review aimed to clarify the sources, biochemistry, absorption, metabolism, and mode of action of phytoestrogens on bone health in intervention studies. In vitro, phytoestrogens promote protein synthesis, osteoprotegerin/receptor activation of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand ratio, and mineralization by osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1). In the OVX murine model, administration of phytoestrogens can inhibit differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and secretion of pyridinoline compound. Phytoestrogens also enhance bone formation and increase bone mineral density and levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and α1(I) collagen. Results of mechanistic studies have indicated that phytoestrogens suppress the rate of bone resorption and enhance the rate of bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Shih Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chiechi LM. Dietary Phytoestrogens in Preventing Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: Italian Aspects. NUTRITION AND DIET IN MENOPAUSE 2013:151-164. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-373-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
38
|
Kiss B, Popa DS, Paltinean R, Loghin F. A HIGH-THROUGHPUT UPLC-MS/MS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SIX PHYTOESTROGENS FROM GENISTA TINCTORIA EXTRACTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.638410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kiss
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ramona Paltinean
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- a Department of Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Urbaniak C, Burton JP, Reid G. Breast, milk and microbes: a complex relationship that does not end with lactation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:385-98. [PMID: 22757730 DOI: 10.2217/whe.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Until relatively recently, the extent of microbiota presence in the human breast was under-appreciated. A high-throughput sequencing study and culture-based studies have demonstrated the extensive presence of microbes in human milk, with their origin believed to be from the skin, oral cavity and via gut translocation. Since formula milk substitutes do not contain these bacteria, what benefits are denied to these infants? The addition of probiotic bacteria to some infant formula is meant to provide some benefits, but these only contain one species and the dose is relatively high compared with breast milk. Many questions of importance to women's health arise from these findings. When, how and what types of microbes colonize the breast at different stages of a woman's life, including postlactation, and what effect do they have on the host in the short and long term? This article discusses some aspects of these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Urbaniak
- Human Microbiology & Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Phyto-oestrogens are believed to have a range of beneficial effects on predominant Western diseases. A few studies on phyto-oestrogens in milk exist and show that the composition can be affected by feeding. Therefore, the aim was to study how feeding of lucerne and grass/clover silages (GCSs) affects the concentration of phyto-oestrogens in bovine milk. Sixteen Danish Holstein cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 latin square design with four cows per treatment per period of 3 weeks. The four treatment diets were lucerne silage (LS), 2/3 lucerne silage and 1/3 maize silage (2/3LS), 1/3 lucerne silage and 2/3 maize silage (1/3LS) and GCS. Milk was collected at the end of each period and feed samples on day 6, 13 and 20 in each experimental period. Milk and pooled feed samples were analysed for the concentration of isoflavones, coumestans and lignans. The content of isoflavones was higher and the content of coumestrol lower in the GCS diet than in LS, 2/3LS and 1/3LS diets. For the LS, 2/3LS and 1/3LS diets, the concentration of coumestrol and secoisolariciresinol increased with the proportion of lucerne while the concentration of isoflavones was similar across the diets. The concentrations of the formononetin, daidzein and equol in the milk were significantly higher for the GCS diet than for the LS, 2/3LS and 1/3LS diets. In particular, the concentration of equol was 62-291 times higher for GCS. The concentration of coumestrol was significantly lower for the GCS diet compared to the LS, 2/3LS and 1/3LS diets. No pattern for the concentration of lignans was observed. In conclusion, a high concentration of isoflavones, particularly equol, and a low concentration of coumestrol were measured in the milk from the GCS diet. In contrast, a low concentration of isoflavones and a high concentration of coumestrol were measured in the milk from the LS, 2/3LS and 1/3LS diets. However, the concentration of phyto-oestrogens in bovine milk is low compared to food sources rich in phyto-oestrogens but the high concentration of equol could possibly be of therapeutic importance.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kašparová M, Siatka T, Klimešová V, Dušek J. New synthetic pyridine derivate as potential elicitor in production of isoflavonoids and flavonoids in Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:746412. [PMID: 22489201 PMCID: PMC3317811 DOI: 10.1100/2012/746412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of secondary metabolites in Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture of the family of legume plants (Fabaceae) is low, and therefore there was an attempt to increase it by elicitation. New synthetic substance, 2-(2-fluoro-6-nitrobenzylsulfanyl)pyridine-4-carbothioamide, was tested as elicitor--a substance that showed the best elicitation effect after 48-hour application of 1 μmol L⁻¹ concentration. Maximum contents of genistin (11.60 mg g⁻¹ DW), daidzein (8.31 mg g⁻¹ DW), and genistein (1.50 mg g⁻¹ DW) were recorded, and the production of these isoflavonoids thus significantly increased, when compared with the control, by 152%, 151%, and 400%. The maximum content of flavonoids (5.78 mg g⁻¹ DW) and the increase in the production by 142%, when compared with the control, were induced by 6-hour application of 100 μmol L⁻¹ concentration. The tested substance showed to be an effective elicitor of phenylpropane metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kašparová
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Development and Validation of an HPLC–DAD Method for Analysis of the Six Major Isoflavones in Extracts from Soybean Processing. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
43
|
Dietary isoflavone absorption, excretion, and metabolism in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 42:658-70. [PMID: 22204061 DOI: 10.1638/2011-0060.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary isoflavones, capable of influencing reproductive parameters in domestic cats (Felis catus), have been detected in commercial diets fed to captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). However, the absorptive and metabolic capacity of cheetahs towards isoflavones has not yet been studied. Experiments were designed to describe the plasma concentration-time curve, metabolite profile, and urinary and fecal excretion of genistein and daidzein in cheetahs following consumption of isoflavones. Four adult cheetahs were administered a single oral bolus of genistein and daidzein, and five juvenile cheetahs consuming a milk replacer formula found to contain isoflavones were also included. Urine was collected from all animals, and blood and feces were also collected from adult cheetahs following isoflavone exposure. Samples were analyzed for isoflavone metabolite concentration by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-multiple reaction ion monitoring mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sulfate conjugates were the primary metabolites detected of both genistein and daidzein (60-80% of total isoflavones present) in the plasma and urine of cheetahs. A smaller proportion of daidzein was detected as conjugates in the urine of juvenile cheetahs, compared to adult cheetahs. Other metabolites included unconjugated genistein and daidzein, O-desmethylangolensin, and dihydrodaidzein, but not equol. Only 33% of the ingested genistein dose, and 9% of daidzein, was detected in plasma from adult cheetahs. However, of the ingested dose, 67% of genistein and 45% of daidzein were detected in the feces of adults. This study revealed that cheetahs appear efficient in their conjugation of absorbed dietary isoflavones and only a small fraction of ingested dose is absorbed. However, the capacity of the cheetah to conjugate genistein and daidzein with sulfate moieties appears lower than reported in the domestic cat. This may confer greater opportunity for biologic activity of isoflavones in the cheetah than would be predicted from findings in the domestic cat. However, further investigation is required.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wood CE, Boue SM, Collins-Burow BM, Rhodes LV, Register TC, Cline JM, Dewi FN, Burow ME. Glyceollin-elicited soy protein consumption induces distinct transcriptional effects as compared to standard soy protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:81-86. [PMID: 22126086 PMCID: PMC3750717 DOI: 10.1021/jf2034863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glyceollins are stress-induced compounds in soybeans with bioactive properties distinct from parent soy isoflavones. The goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of dietary glyceollin-enriched and standard soy protein isolates and identify candidate target pathways of glyceollins on transcriptional profiles within mammary gland tissue. Thirty female postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were randomized to diets containing one of three protein sources for 3 weeks: (1) control casein/lactalbumin (C/L), (2) standard soy protein containing 194 mg/day isoflavones (SOY), and (3) glyceollin-enriched soy protein containing 189 mg/day isoflavones + 134 mg/day glyceollins (GLY). All diets contained a physiologic dose of estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day). All doses are expressed in human equivalents scaled by caloric intake. Relative to the control C/L diet, the GLY diet resulted in greater numbers of differentially regulated genes, which showed minimal overlap with those of SOY. Effects of GLY related primarily to pathways involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, adipocytokine expression, triglyceride synthesis, and lipase activity. Notable genes upregulated by the GLY diet included PPAR-γ, adiponectin, leptin, lipin 1, and lipoprotein lipase. The GLY diet also resulted in lower serum total cholesterol, specifically nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum triglycerides as compared to the C/L diet. No effects of GLY or SOY were seen on serum insulin, adipocytokines, or vascular and bone turnover markers. These preliminary findings suggest that glyceollin-enriched soy protein has divergent effects from standard soy with some specificity for adipocyte activity and nutrient metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Wood
- Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Stephen M. Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Fitriya N. Dewi
- Department of Pathology (Section on Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Miao Q, Li JG, Miao S, Hu N, Zhang J, Zhang S, Xie YH, Wang JB, Wang SW. The bone-protective effect of genistein in the animal model of bilateral ovariectomy: roles of phytoestrogens and PTH/PTHR1 against post-menopausal osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:56-70. [PMID: 22312238 PMCID: PMC3269672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a major phytoestrogen of soy, is considered a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Mounting evidence suggested a positive correlation between genistein consumption and bone health both in vivo and in vitro. Earlier studies have revealed that genistein acted as a natural estrogen analogue which activated estrogen receptor and exerted anti-osteoporotic effect. However, it remains unclear whether PTH, the most crucial hormone that regulates mineral homeostasis, participates in the process of genistein-mediated bone protection. In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effects between genistein and nilestriol and investigated whether PTH and its specific receptor PTHR1 altered in response to genistein-containing diet in the animal model of ovariectomy. Our results showed that genistein administration significantly improved femoral mechanical properties and alleviates femoral turnover. Genistein at all doses (4.5 mg/kg, 9.0 mg/kg and 18.0 mg/kg per day, respectively) exerted improved bending strength and b-ALP limiting effects than nilestriol in the present study. However, genistein administration did not exert superior effects on bone protection than nilestriol. We also observed circulating PTH restoration in ovariectomized rats receiving genistein at the dose of 18 mg/kg per day. Meanwhile, PTHR1 abnormalities were attenuated in the presence of genistein as confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. These findings strongly support the idea that besides serving as an estrogen, genistein could interact with PTH/PTHR1, causing a superior mineral restoring effect than nilestriol on certain circumstance. In conclusion, our study reported for the first time that the anti-osteoporotic effect of genistein is partly PTH/PTHR1-dependent. Genistein might be a potential option in the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis with good tolerance, more clinical benefits and few undesirable side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Jing-Ge Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Shan Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mail:
| | - Song Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-29-84774748; Fax: +86-29-83224790
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Apichart V, Wong R, Rabie B, Lei S. The effect of quercetin on expression of SOX9 and subsequent release of type II collagen in spheno-occipital synchondroses of organ-cultured mice. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:247-53. [PMID: 21932938 DOI: 10.2319/042111-278.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the expressions of SOX9 and type II collagen in spheno-occipital synchondrosis in response to quercetin, using a mouse in vitro model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 one-day-old male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. Each group was subdivided into five different time points, which were 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours, and each subgroup contained 5 mice (n = 5). In the experimental group, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was immersed in the BGJb medium + quercetin dihydrate 1 µM. In the control group, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was immersed in the BGJb medium. Tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for SOX9 and type II collagen expressions. RESULTS Quantitative analysis revealed there was a statistically significant increase of 32.31% (P < .001) in the expression of SOX9 between experimental groups and control groups at 24 hours. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase of 22.99% (P < .001) in the expression of type II collagen between experimental groups and control groups at 72 hours. CONCLUSION The expressions of SOX9 and type II collagen in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis can be increased by quercetin.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kang JS, Lee WK, Lee CW, Yoon WK, Kim N, Park SK, Lee HS, Park HK, Han SB, Yun J, Lee K, Lee KH, Park SK, Kim HM. Improvement of high-fat diet-induced obesity by a mixture of red grape extract, soy isoflavone and L-carnitine: implications in cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2453-8. [PMID: 21745528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of a mixture of dietary components, including red grape extract, soy isoflavone and L-carnitine (RISC), on obesity. RISC substantially inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in body weight in a dose-dependent manner in C57BL/6 mice. The amount of subcutaneous and mesenteric fat was also significantly decreased by RISC treatment in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice, whereas epididymal fat was not affected. Moreover, HFD-induced plasma leptin levels were down-regulated by RISC treatment. In these mice, RISC treatment significantly increased the plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol without affecting the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, HFD-induced increase in liver weight and lipid accumulation in liver was significantly suppressed by RISC treatment in C57BL/6mice. Plasma level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was also inhibited by RISC treatment. These results demonstrate that RISC suppresses HFD-induced obesity and suggest that RISC supplementation might be a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of obesity and its complications, such as cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mustafa A, Turner C. Pressurized liquid extraction as a green approach in food and herbal plants extraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:8-18. [PMID: 21843670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction is a "green" technology for the extraction of nutraceuticals from foods and herbal plants. This review discusses the extraction principles and the optimization of the extraction parameters that improves the extraction efficiency. The use of different solvent mixtures and other extraction additives to enhance the efficiency of the extraction are discussed. Dynamic mode of extraction in Pressurized liquid extraction, and the use of combined and hyphenated sample preparation and analytical techniques are presented. This work discusses how different studies used Pressurized liquid extraction to enrich phenolic compounds, lignans, carotenoids, oils and lipids, essential oils and other nutraceuticals from foods and herbal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Mustafa
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fukumitsu S, Aida K, Shimizu H, Toyoda K. Flaxseed lignan lowers blood cholesterol and decreases liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Nutr Res 2010; 30:441-6. [PMID: 20797475 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of flaxseed lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside [SDG]) intake on hypercholesterolemia and liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men were investigated. In a previous study, we reported that SDG attenuates high-fat, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice. Here, we report a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men in which we investigated the hypothesis that oral administration of SDG (20 or 100 mg) would decrease the level of blood cholesterol and liver disease risk factors induced by hypercholesterolemia in humans. Thirty men with total cholesterol levels of 4.65 to 6.21 mmol/L (180-240 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to 3 groups; 2 groups received flaxseed lignan capsules (SDG, 20 or 100 mg/d) and the other received placebo capsules for 12 weeks. We found that, compared to the subjects who received placebo, those who received 100 mg of SDG exhibited a significant reduction in the ratio of low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline (P < .05) and at week 12 (P < .05). In addition, in SDG-treated subjects, we also observed a significant percentage decrease in the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase relative to the levels at baseline (P < .01) and a significant percentage decrease in the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase relative to the placebo-treated group (P < .05). These results suggest that daily administration of 100 mg SDG can be effective at reducing blood level of cholesterol and hepatic diseases risk in moderately hypercholesterolemic men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Central Laboratory, Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morillas-Ruiz J, Rubio-Perez J, Albaladejo M, Zafrilla P, Parra S, Vidal-Guevara M. Effect of an antioxidant drink on homocysteine levels in Alzheimer's patients. J Neurol Sci 2010; 299:175-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|