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Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101868. [PMID: 36736379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the modifiable factors of cognitive decline and dementia with the strongest evidence. Although many influential reviews have illustrated the neurobiological mechanisms of the cognitive benefits of physical activity, none of them have linked the neurobiological mechanisms to normal exercise physiology to help the readers gain a more advanced, comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. In this review, we address this issue and provide a synthesis of the literature by focusing on five most studied neurobiological mechanisms. We show that the body's adaptations to enhance exercise performance also benefit the brain and contribute to improved cognition. Specifically, these adaptations include, 1), the release of growth factors that are essential for the development and growth of neurons and for neurogenesis and angiogenesis, 2), the production of lactate that provides energy to the brain and is involved in the synthesis of glutamate and the maintenance of long-term potentiation, 3), the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines that reduce neuroinflammation, 4), the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme activity that reduce oxidative stress, and 5), the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and 5-HT that regulate neurogenesis and modulate cognition. We also discussed several issues relevant for prescribing physical activity, including what intensity and mode of physical activity brings the most cognitive benefits, based on their influence on the above five neurobiological mechanisms. We hope this review helps readers gain a general understanding of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the neurobiological mechanisms of the cognitive benefits of physical activity and guide them in designing new studies to further advance the field.
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Korenevskiy NA, Al-Kasasbeh RT, Al-Kasasbeh ET, Al-Smadi MM, Aikeyeva AA, Al-Jundi M, Rodionova SN, Al-Habahbeh OM, Filist S, Alshamasin MS, Maksim I. Method for Determining the Body's Level of Protection According to Oxidant Status in Assessing the Influence of Industrial Risk Factors on Health. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 51:1-17. [PMID: 37551905 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2023047224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aims at improving the quality of health assessments, specifically under the influence of occupational risk factors. For this purpose, additional informative indicators are utilized in prognostic and diagnostic models. The models are used to characterize the level of body protection based on oxidative status. A quantitative method is proposed to assess the body's level of protection by means of the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, which characterize the body's oxidative status. A mechanism is developed for integrating the proposed method into prognostic and diagnostic decision rules. The developed rules are in the form of mathematical models used to synthesize hybrid fuzzy decision rules, which are then used to quantify the level of body protection (LBP) against external risk factors, based on the use of protection level functions in terms of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity. A mechanism for embedding LBP into predictive and diagnostic decision rules has been proposed. The proposed method is used to predict the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease in railroad locomotive drivers. It was found that to improve the predicting and diagnosing of diseases caused by external pathogenic factors, quantitative assessments of LBP, determined by oxidative status, can be implemented. It has been established that the use of the protection level indicator in predictive decision rules makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the prediction while simultaneously increasing its accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riad Taha Al-Kasasbeh
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Altyn A Aikeyeva
- Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohammad Al-Jundi
- Department of Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sofia N Rodionova
- Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; South-West State University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Osama M Al-Habahbeh
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mahdi Salman Alshamasin
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
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Niroomandi E, Maleki S, Abdollahpour G, Zakian A, Ahmadvand H. The effect of natural infection with different Leptospira interrogans serovars on oxidative stress biomarkers and acute-phase responses in horses and cattle. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:84-92. [PMID: 35179227 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the important zoonotic bacterial diseases with a worldwide distribution that is often subclinical. We aimed to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant balance and acute-phase response in naturally infected horses and cattle with Leptospira interrogans. A total of 600 serum samples from horses and cattle were examined for L. interrogans antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test to determine anti-Leptospira IgG antibodies against a panel of eight important Leptospira antigens in Iran. Then, serum total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde activities, and nitric oxide, total protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and albumin concentrations were measured in seropositive and seronegative samples. Serum catalase activities and malondialdehyde, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin concentrations in seropositive cattle and horses were significantly higher (P < .05) than in those that were seronegative. Antibody titers increased from 1:100 to ≥ 1:200 in cattle with L. interrogans infection, resulting in a decrease in the serum total antioxidant capacity (P < .05), an increase in serum glutathione peroxidase (P < .01) activity and nitric oxide (P < .05) , serum amyloid A (P < .01), and haptoglobin (P < .05) concentrations. Following the increase in the agglutinating antibody titers in horses infected with L. interrogans, the serum total antioxidant capacity (P < .01) decreased, and serum nitric oxide (P < .05), malondialdehyde (P < .05), and serum amyloid A (P < .01) concentrations were increased. In this study, horses and cattle had extensive changes in oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and acute-phase protein concentrations when infected with L. interrogans. We also demonstrated a direct link between antibody titers and the type of leptospiral serovar using serum oxidative and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Niroomandi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shahram Maleki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Abdollahpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zakian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hasan Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Jahan H, Tumpa IJ, Qasem WA, Moniruzzaman M, Pervin MA, Akter R, Omri A, Min T, Hossain Z. Evaluation of the Partial Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal With Fermented or Untreated Soybean Meal in Juvenile Silver Barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733402. [PMID: 34790685 PMCID: PMC8591853 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish meal (FM) has excellent protein and lipid profile. However, FM is losing its acceptability and substituted with plant protein due to FM has high price, high demand, and sustainability issues in global aquaculture production. In this study, experimental diets were prepared by substituting FM with fermented soybean meal (FSM) or normal and untreated soybean meal (SM) to assess the effects on growth, hematology, innate immunity, gut physiology, and digestive enzyme activities in juvenile silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Five diets, that is, 40% FM (FM 40), 20% FM + 20% FSM (FM 20 + FSM 20), 20% FM + 20% SM (FM 20 + SM 20), 40% FSM (FSM 40), and 40% SM (SM 40) were fed to the fish two times daily for 90 days. After 90 days of feeding trial, FM 40, FM 20 + FSM 20, and FM 20 + SM 20 diet groups showed significantly higher weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were significantly higher in fish fed with the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets than those of fish fed with the FM 40 diet. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count were significantly lower in fish fed with the SM 40 diet compared to fish fed with the FM 40 and FM 20 + FSM 20 diets. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver were significantly higher in fish fed with the SM 40 diet compared to fish fed with the FM 40 diet. However, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in fish fed with the experimental diets were unaltered. Fish showed significant reduction of villus height (Vh) in the anterior and posterior intestine of fish fed with the FSM 40 and SM 40 diets, whereas muscular thickness was opposite to the findings of Vh. Digestive enzyme activities in intestine were significantly higher in fish fed with the FM 40 diet compared to those in the SM 40 diet. The results of the present study revealed that the 50% of FM can be replaced by FSM or SM as a source of protein without affecting the growth of juvenile silver barb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Jahan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan Tumpa
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Wafaa A Qasem
- Department of Surgery, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, Hawally, Kuwait.,Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Mst Arzu Pervin
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rabeya Akter
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center, Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Ray GW, Yang Q, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S. Effects of replacing fishmeal with dietary wheat gluten meal (WGM) on growth, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidative functions, gut microbiota, histology and disease resistance for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Immunological Responses and the Antioxidant Status in African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) Following Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal with Plant Protein. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051223. [PMID: 33922697 PMCID: PMC8146882 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The price of feed ingredients is one of the most important and most costly constraints facing the aquaculture industry, and fishmeal is one of the most important and most expensive of these ingredients. As a result, recent research has focused on the use of alternative low-cost feed ingredients that are less reliant on fishmeal. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in the use of various types of plant protein (PP) meals in aquafeeds (soybean and sunflower meal). This study reveals that soybean and sunflower meal with methionine and lysine supplementation can be used on a larger scale in the aquafeed industry as substitutes of up to 50% of fishmeal. Abstract African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM) replacement in the diet and its effects on immune status, antioxidant activity, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene expression, and disease resistance. A total of 150 C. gariepinus (51.01 ± 0.34 g) were randomly distributed among five groups in triplicate. Five experimental diets were formulated to replace 0 (control), 33.5, 50, 66.5, and 100% FM with soybean and sunflower meal to form the experimental diets (R0, R33.5, R50, R66.5, and R100, respectively). After 30 days, the diet containing PP for FM had no significant impact on total, and differential leukocyte counts determined at the end of the feeding period. The total globulin concentration showed significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. The R0 group had the highest concentration of serum γ-globulin, while R100 had the lowest concentration. The antioxidant status complements 3 (C3), lysozyme activity (LYZ), and antiprotease activity were not significantly different between R0, R33.5, and R50 groups, while they were significantly lower in R100. The serum nitric oxide activity (NO) exhibited significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. PACAP was significantly higher in the R33.5 group. The highest cumulative mortality caused by Aeromonas sobria was recorded in the R100 group (60%) and the lowest in the R0 group (30%). In conclusion, the results indicate that the immunological responses and antioxidant status of C. gariepinus were not affected when they consumed a diet with FM replaced by up to 50% with PP (SBM and SFM) with methionine and lysine supplementation, but total globulin, NO, and cumulative mortality were impaired with a diet containing a 100% FM replacement.
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Yang JL, Li XL, Jiang FL, Gong T, Chen JJ, Chen TJ, Zhu P. High-level soluble expression of human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase with high activity in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:106. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Alves R, Suehiro CL, Oliveira FGD, Frantz EDC, Medeiros RFD, Vieira RDP, Martins MDA, Lin CJ, Nobrega ACLD, Toledo-Arruda ACD. Aerobic exercise modulates cardiac NAD(P)H oxidase and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in a mouse model of chronic fructose consumption. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:59-69. [PMID: 31647720 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of exercise on the cardiac nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway in an experimental model of chronic fructose consumption. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to Control, Fructose (20% fructose in drinking water), Exercise (treadmill exercise at moderate intensity), and Fructose + Exercise groups ( n = 10). After 12 wk, the energy intake and body weight in the groups were similar. Maximum exercise testing, resting energy expenditure, resting oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production increased in the exercise groups (Exercise and Fructose + Exercise vs. Control and Fructose groups, P < 0.05). Chronic fructose intake induced circulating hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia and increased white adipose tissue depots, with no changes in blood pressure. This metabolic environment increased circulating IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α expression, which were reduced by exercise ( P < 0.05). Cardiac ANG II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (NOX2) were increased by fructose intake and exercise decreased this response ( P < 0.05). Exercise increased the cardiac expression of the NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio and phase II antioxidants in fructose-fed mice ( P < 0.05). NOX4, glutathione reductase, and catalase protein expression were similar between the groups. These findings suggest that exercise confers modulatory cardiac effects, improving antioxidant defenses through the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway and decreasing oxidative stress, representing a potential nonpharmacological approach to protect against fructose-induced cardiometabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate the cardiac modulation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), the NRF2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway (KEAP), and the thioredoxin (TRX1) system through exercise in the presence of moderate fructose intake. We demonstrated a novel mechanism by which exercise improves cardiac antioxidant defenses in an experimental model of chronic fructose intake, which involves NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio modulation, enhancing the local phase II antioxidants hemoxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1), and peroxiredoxin1B (PDRX1), and inhibiting cardiac NOX2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Liyoko Suehiro
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Garcia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Campus Itaquera, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chin Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo-Arruda
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-INCT (In)activity and Exercise, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ye H, Xu M, Liu Q, Sun Z, Zou C, Chen L, Su N, Ye C. Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth performance, feed utilization and physiological status of juvenile obscure puffer, Takifugu obscurus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:75-81. [PMID: 30414482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, feed utilization and physiological status of obscure puffer, Takifugu obscurus (13.03 ± 0.14 g) fed diets in which fish meal (FM) was replaced with various levels of dehulled and defatted soybean meal (SBM): 0% (SBM0), 15% (SBM15), 30% (SBM30), 45% (SBM45), 60% (SBM60) and 75% (SBM75). No significant differences were observed in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish when FM replacement level was lower than 30%, and the broken-line model of SGR showed the maximum replacement level was 40%. Fish fed the SBM-containing diets had a lower red blood cell value compared to the control. The hemoglobin and methemoglobin values showed a declining tendency as dietary SBM level increased. Plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels also showed a decreasing trend that was associated with the reduced crude lipid content of whole body as dietary SBM level increased. The activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in fish fed the SBM-containing diets were all higher than those fed the control diet while glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lower than the control group. Results indicated that up to 40% FM protein, based on the broken-line analysis of SGR, can be replaced with SBM in diet for obscure puffer juveniles with supplemental lysine, methionine and taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqun Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Minglei Xu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Leling Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ningning Su
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Zhang X, Song Z, You Y, Li X, Chen T. Phoenix Dan Cong Tea: An Oolong Tea variety with promising antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activity. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1500. [PMID: 30574049 PMCID: PMC6294836 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phoenix Dan Cong tea is an Oolong tea produced in Chaozhou, China. Nowaday, the experimental studies on the benefical effects of the Phoenix Dan Cong tea are rare. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the activity of Phoenix Dan Cong tea aqueous extract (PDCe). METHODS We used a series of evaluation methods in the present study to achieve an in-depth understanding and evaluation of the antioxidant and antitumor activity of PDCe. RESULTS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies have indicated that PDCe is rich in catechins such as gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), with sparse amounts of theaflavins. We discovered that PDCe scavenges ABTS•+ and DPPH• free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PDCe can significantly induce apoptosis of MDA-MB231 cells, mainly through the death-receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Internalized PDCe can not only downregulate intracellular reactive oxygen species levels but also induce oxidative damage to mitochondria in MDA-MB231 cells. CONCLUSIONS Phoenix Dan Cong tea may act as a substitute for natural antioxidants and as a promising anticancer agent due to its protective effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenhuan Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Association between the circulating leptin levels and the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation among Iranian overweight and obese adults. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:81. [PMID: 29445709 PMCID: PMC5804421 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress in obese people is an important pathogenic mechanism of an obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
We evaluated the association between circulating leptin levels with biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese participants.
Methods: This study was performed on 189 overweight and obese people aged 18-60 years old. Serum leptin, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and amyloid
A (SAA) concentrations were measured. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relationships.
Results: We found that among the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in participants, serum hs-CRP and SAA were
positively correlated with BMI (β=0.003, P<0.001 and β=7.83, P<0.001, respectively). This relationship remained significant even after
controlling other oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators (β=0.003, p<0.001 for hs-CRP), but this association disappeared for SAA.
In addition, serum hs-CRP was positively correlated with leptin (β=0.001, p=0.003). Regression analysis showed that there was no
association between serum Hcy, SAA, TBARS and SOD with serum leptin concentrations
Conclusion: Overall, the current study demonstrated that serum hs-CRP and SAA levels were independently correlated with BMI.
Furthermore, serum hs-CRP was positively correlated with leptin. Focusing on such strategies may lead to promises for alleviating
obesity and its co-morbidities.
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Yu H, Deng W, Zhang D, Gao Y, Yang Z, Shi X, Sun J, Zhou J, Ji H. Antioxidant defenses of Onychostoma macrolepis in response to thermal stress: Insight from mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:50-61. [PMID: 28476669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Onychostoma macrolepis has becoming an endangered fish species in China, which population gradually declined in the past few decades due to the changing environment including elevated water temperature resulted from adverse weather events. The present study determined antioxidant defenses of O. macrolepis in response to thermal stress, aiming to understand the role of antioxidant system in adaptation of thermal stress for O. macrolepis. Experimental fish which were acclimated at 24 °C were stressed at 30 °C for 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Change in mRNA expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) and activity of SOD and CAT of the experimental fish with different stress time were determined. We cloned the full-length cDNA of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT by means of RACE method, and analyzed their molecular characterization and tissue distribution. We discovered that the mRNA expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD in heart, liver, spleen, gill, intestine and the CAT in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, intestine and muscle of O. macrolepis significantly increased when water temperature increased from 24 °C to 30 °C, indicating a sensitive response of mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT to the thermal stress. Moreover, the mRNA expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT were varied in different tissues, indicating different sensitivity of the tissues in response to thermal stress. Activity of the SOD in serum of O. macrolepis gradually increased from 1 h to 12 h sampling time, but significantly decreased at 24 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. And activity of the CAT in serum of O. macrolepis significantly decreased from 1 h to 12 h sampling time, and did not changed significantly at 24 h and 48 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. As such, MDA contents in the serum of O. macrolepis significantly decreased from 1 h to 6 h sampling time, but significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h sampling time, compared to that of 0 h sampling time. In summary, antioxidant system of the O. macrolepis can quickly response to short term thermal stress at 30 °C in form of both the mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and CAT and the activity of SOD and CAT, and consequently enhance the antioxidant defenses of O. macrolepis. However, thermal stress at 30 °C for 12 h-24 h seems to lead to oxidative damage of the O. macrolepis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn 36849, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jishu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Jówko E, Gierczuk D, Cieśliński I, Kotowska J. SOD2gene polymorphism and response of oxidative stress parameters in young wrestlers to a three-month training. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:506-516. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1327716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jówko
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gierczuk
- Department of Theory and Technology of Sports Training, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Igor Cieśliński
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Kotowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Regional Research and Development Center, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Biała Podlaska, Poland
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Messina CM, Mahdhi A, Santulli A, Arena R, Bakhrouf A, Esteban MA. Quality and antioxidant response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) to dietary supplements of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) alone or combined with probiotic strains. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:277-284. [PMID: 28232283 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the potential effect of the dietary intake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum or B. subtilis on gilthead seabream quality and antioxidant response after 2 and 3 weeks of experimental feeding. The results showed that the supplements did not affect the percentage of the fatty acid profiles of muscle, demonstrating that all the additives tested can be administrated without any negative effect on biochemical composition and quality of gilthead seabream. The quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in muscle demonstrated the significant beneficial effect of the experimental diets compared with the control one. Besides, an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver was recorded after 3 weeks of administration of experimental diets. Furthermore, real time qPCR revealed that dietary supplementation with FEBS significantly enhances the expression of scavenging enzymes, such as cat and gr genes in the liver after 3 weeks. The findings suggest that the administration of fenugreek supplement alone or combined with probiotic strains could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and as a functional aquafeed ingredient for gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - C M Messina
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - A Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Santulli
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - R Arena
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - A Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Sinha AK, AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Dasan AF, Rasoloniriana R, Asard H, Blust R, De Boeck G. Nutritional Status as the Key Modulator of Antioxidant Responses Induced by High Environmental Ammonia and Salinity Stress in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135091. [PMID: 26241315 PMCID: PMC4524602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity fluctuation is one of the main factors affecting the overall fitness of marine fish. In addition, water borne ammonia may occur simultaneously with salinity stress. Additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may encounter food deprivation. The physiological and ion-osmo regulatory adaptive capacities to cope with all these stressors alone or in combination are extensively addressed in fish. To date, studies revealing the modulation of antioxidant potential as compensatory response to multiple stressors are rather lacking. Therefore, the present work evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity challenge, ammonia toxicity and nutritional status on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in a marine teleost, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were acclimated to normal seawater (32 ppt), to brackish water (20 ppt and 10 ppt) and to hypo-saline water (2.5 ppt). Following acclimation to different salinities for two weeks, fish were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 20 mg/L representing 50% of 96h LC50 value for ammonia) for 12 h, 48 h, 84 h and 180 h, and were either fed (2% body weight) or fasted (unfed for 7 days prior to HEA exposure). Results show that in response to decreasing salinities, oxidative stress indices such as xanthine oxidase activity, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) increased in the hepatic tissue of fasted fish but remained unaffected in fed fish. HEA exposure at normal salinity (32 ppt) and at reduced salinities (20 ppt and 10 ppt) increased ammonia accumulation significantly (84 h–180 h) in both feeding regimes which was associated with an increment of H2O2 and MDA contents. Unlike in fasted fish, H2O2 and MDA levels in fed fish were restored to control levels (84 h–180 h); with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), components of the glutathione redox cycle (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and reduced ascorbate (ASC) content. On the contrary, fasted fish could not activate many of these protective systems and rely mainly on CAT and ASC dependent pathways as antioxidative sentinels. The present findings exemplify that in fed fish single factors and a combination of HEA exposure and reduced seawater salinities (upto 10 ppt) were insufficient to cause oxidative damage due to the highly competent antioxidant system compared to fasted fish. However, the impact of HEA exposure at a hypo-saline environment (2.5 ppt) also defied antioxidant defence system in fed fish, suggesting this combined factor is beyond the tolerance range for both feeding groups. Overall, our results indicate that the oxidative stress mediated by the experimental conditions were exacerbated during starvation, and also suggest that feed deprivation particularly at reduced seawater salinities can instigate fish more susceptible to ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Sueif, Beni-Sueif, Egypt
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Antony Franklin Dasan
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rindra Rasoloniriana
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Arrick DM, Yang S, Li C, Cananzi S, Mayhan WG. Vigorous exercise training improves reactivity of cerebral arterioles and reduces brain injury following transient focal ischemia. Microcirculation 2015; 21:516-23. [PMID: 24617555 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine whether vigorous exercise training (VExT) could influence nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation and transient focal ischemia-induced brain injury. Rats were divided into sedentary (SED) or VExT groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exercise was carried out 5 days/week for a period of 8-10 weeks. First, we measured responses of pial arterioles to an eNOS-dependent (ADP), an nNOS-dependent (NMDA) and a NOS-independent (nitroglycerin) agonist in SED and VExT rats. Second, we measured infarct volume in SED and VExT rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Third, we measured superoxide levels in brain tissue of SED and VExT rats under basal and stimulated conditions. RESULTS We found that eNOS- and nNOS-dependent, but not NOS-independent vasodilation, was increased in VExT compared to SED rats, and this could be inhibited with L-NMMA in both groups. In addition, we found that VExT reduced infarct volume following MCAO when compared to SED rats. Further, superoxide levels were similar in brain tissue from SED and VExT rats under basal and stimulated conditions. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that VExT potentiates NOS-dependent vascular reactivity and reduces infarct volume following MCAO via a mechanism that appears to be independent of oxidative stress, but presumably related to an increase in the contribution of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Arrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and the Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Razzeto GS, López VRL, Giménez MS, Escudero NL. Soybean flour induces a greater increase of the antioxidant defenses in rats fed with a normocaloric diet compared with a hypercaloric diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:607-13. [PMID: 24948550 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybeans, due to their antioxidant properties, present beneficial health effects. The objective was to evaluate if replacing casein with soy flour, modifies antioxidant defenses in rat liver, compared to animals that continued being fed with casein based diets (normocaloric and hypercaloric). RESULTS Four groups of rats were used: CC (control casein), CS (control soy), HC (hypercaloric casein) and HS (hypercaloric soy). Malondialdehyde, in serum and liver, did not present differences. In liver, when comparing CS vs. CC: increased superoxide dismutase 1 (P < 0.001), catalase (P < 0.01) and glutathione reductase (P < 0.05) activities, the total glutathione (P < 0.001) and reduced glutathione (P < 0.05) content and decreased oxidized glutathione content (P < 0.05). In HS vs. HC: increased carbonyl groups (P < 0.01) and superoxide dismutase 1 activity (P < 0.05), and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.01), total glutathione (P < 0.05) and oxidized glutathione content (P < 0.001). In HS vs. CS: decreased glutathione reductase activity (P < 0.01), total glutathione (P < 0.001) and reduced glutathione (P < 0.01) content, and increased oxidized glutathione content (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Replacing casein by soybean flour improves antioxidant defenses, mainly in normocaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Razzeto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, IMIBIO - SL. CONICET, San Luis, 5700, Argentina
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Abstract
It has been demonstrated that redox homeostasis is important in the pathophysiology of several human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. In this respect, genetic polymorphism, nutritional and environmental factors, age, lifestyle and physical activity may account for variable antioxidant defenses, which may be more or less effective at counteracting oxidative damage. Since accumulating oxidative damage may be associated with several pathologic conditions, including different cardiovascular diseases, prevention of oxidative stress appears to be a promising approach to improve such diseases. Exercise training, diets rich in antioxidants and a good control of blood glucose and lipid levels help to strengthen the physiologic antioxidant defense system, perhaps coupled to drugs capable of increasing the nitric oxide bioavailability and decreasing superoxide production. Within the next few years other therapeutic approaches will be available, such as gene therapy, which will prove to be even more effective but devoid of several important systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Abrescia
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of General and Environmental Physiology, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Regulation Systems of Bacteria such as Escherichia coli in Response to Nutrient Limitation and Environmental Stresses. Metabolites 2013; 4:1-35. [PMID: 24958385 PMCID: PMC4018673 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An overview was made to understand the regulation system of a bacterial cell such as Escherichia coli in response to nutrient limitation such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur, ion sources, and environmental stresses such as oxidative stress, acid shock, heat shock, and solvent stresses. It is quite important to understand how the cell detects environmental signals, integrate such information, and how the cell system is regulated. As for catabolite regulation, F1,6B P (FDP), PEP, and PYR play important roles in enzyme level regulation together with transcriptional regulation by such transcription factors as Cra, Fis, CsrA, and cAMP-Crp. αKG plays an important role in the coordinated control between carbon (C)- and nitrogen (N)-limitations, where αKG inhibits enzyme I (EI) of phosphotransferase system (PTS), thus regulating the glucose uptake rate in accordance with N level. As such, multiple regulation systems are co-ordinated for the cell synthesis and energy generation against nutrient limitations and environmental stresses. As for oxidative stress, the TCA cycle both generates and scavenges the reactive oxygen species (ROSs), where NADPH produced at ICDH and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathways play an important role in coping with oxidative stress. Solvent resistant mechanism was also considered for the stresses caused by biofuels and biochemicals production in the cell.
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20
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Venkataraman K, Khurana S, Tai TC. Oxidative stress in aging--matters of the heart and mind. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17897-925. [PMID: 24002027 PMCID: PMC3794759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies. Cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules, impacting proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA of cells. At a systemic level, events subsequent to oxidative damage induce an inflammatory response to sites of oxidative damage, often contributing to additional oxidative stress. At a cellular level, oxidative damage to mitochondria results in acidification of the cytoplasm and release of cytochrome c, causing apoptosis. This review summarizes findings in the literature on oxidative stress and consequent damage on cells and tissues of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, with a focus on aging-related diseases that have well-documented evidence of oxidative damage in initiation and/or progression of the disease. The current understanding of the cellular mechanisms with a focus on macromolecular damage, impacted cellular pathways and gross morphological changes associated with oxidative damage is also reviewed. Additionally, the impact of calorific restriction with its profound impact on cardiovascular and neuronal aging is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Venkataraman
- Department of Gerontology, Huntington University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239; Fax: +1-705-675-4858
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Arrick DM, Sun H, Mayhan WG. Influence of exercise training on ischemic brain injury in type 1 diabetic rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1121-7. [PMID: 22858624 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00437.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While exercise training (ExT) appears to influence cerebrovascular function during type 1 diabetes (T1D), it is not clear whether this beneficial effect extends to protecting the brain from ischemia-induced brain injury. Thus our goal was to examine whether modest ExT could influence transient focal ischemia-induced brain injury along with nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent dilation of cerebral (pial) arterioles during T1D. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: nondiabetic sedentary, nondiabetic ExT, diabetic (streptozotocin; 50 mg/kg ip) sedentary, and diabetic ExT. In the first series of studies, we measured infarct volume in all groups of rats following right MCA occlusion for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In a second series of studies, a craniotomy was performed over the parietal cortex, and we measured responses of pial arterioles to an endothelial NOS (eNOS)-dependent, a neuronal NOS (nNOS)-dependent, and a NOS-independent agonist in all groups of rats. We found that sedentary diabetic rats had significantly larger total, cortical, and subcortical infarct volumes following ischemia-reperfusion than sedentary nondiabetic, nondiabetic ExT, and diabetic ExT rats. Infarct volumes were similar in sedentary nondiabetic, ExT nondiabetic, and ExT diabetic rats. In contrast, ExT did not alter infarct size in nondiabetic compared with sedentary nondiabetic rats. In addition, ExT diabetic rats had impaired eNOS- and nNOS-dependent, but not NOS-independent, vasodilation that was restored by ExT. Thus ExT of T1D rats lessened ischemic brain injury following middle cerebral artery occlusion and restored impaired eNOS- and nNOS-dependent vascular function. Since the incidence of ischemic stroke is increased during T1D, we suggest that our finding are significant in that modest ExT may be a viable preventative therapeutic approach to lessen ischemia-induced brain injury that may occur in T1D subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Arrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and the Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Park CI, Jung JH, Shim WJ, Kim JW, Kim EG, Jeong JM, Kim DH. Molecular characterization, expression, and functional analysis of two thioredoxins in the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:808-815. [PMID: 22366065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRxs) are a family of small evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Two TRx homologue cDNAs were isolated from a black rockfish concanavalin A (Con A)/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated leucocyte cDNA library and named BrTPx1-1 and BrTPx1-2. As compared with other known TRx peptide sequences, the most conserved regions of both BrTRx1-1 and BrTRx1-2 peptides were found to be the redox-active site Trp-Cys-X-X-Cys (WCXXC). The TRx present in most species is a TRx1-2 protein with a Cys-Pro-Gly-Cys (CPGC) active site. However, in the larger 13 kDa BrTRx1-1 protein, a Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys (CPPC) active site was identified. Here, we report the identification of a new member of the TRx protein family from the teleost black rockfish, which defines a new subclass of 13-kDa TRx1-1 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both BrTRx1-1 and BrTRx1-2 were grouped with other vertebrate TRx1 peptides. BrTRx1-1 expression was strongly induced in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) 12-24 h following Con A/PMA stimulation, with peak expression at 24 h post-stimulation. BrTRx1-2 was induced in PBLs after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Con A/PMA, or poly I:C at 24 h. The BrTRx1-1 gene was predominantly expressed in the liver and gills, while BrTRx1-2 was expressed in PBLs and gills. After treatment with a high concentration (10 μg/mL) of rBrTRx1-1 or rBrTRx1-2, kidney leucocytes exhibited increased cell proliferation and viability under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine, Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
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The effects of detraining on blood adipokines and antioxidant enzyme in Korean overweight children. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171:235-43. [PMID: 21701811 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-011-1518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the change to clarify the effects of detraining on the concentration of lipid profiles, serum adipokines and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in Korean overweight children. The subjects were normal children (n = 19) and obese children (n = 20) who were further subdivided into the overweight training (OT) group (n = 10) and the overweight detraining (OD) group (n = 10). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max); body composition; lipid profiles (TG, TC); adipokines (adiponectin and leptin); antioxidants (blood and gene expressions SOD and GPX) were measured before, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the exercise program. Body mass index (BMI) and %fat were significantly higher in the OD group only. However, waist hip ration (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly decreased in the OT group. TG was significantly decreased in the OT group. There was a significant difference in TG level between the two groups. Besides, adiponectin was significantly increased in both the OT group and the OD group. Furthermore, leptin was significantly decreased in the OT group. There was a significant difference in leptin level between the two groups. In training groups, the expression of SOD was significantly increased after a 12- and 24-week period (p < 0.05). However, detraining group was significantly increased after a 12-week only (p < 0.05). In addition, GPX was significantly increased after a 24-week only in the training group (p < 0.05). Thus, detraining showed that negative effected on body composition and lipid profiles and maintained of uniform period on adipokines and antioxidant enzyme the protein and expression.
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Agarwal D, Elks CM, Reed SD, Mariappan N, Majid DS, Francis J. Chronic exercise preserves renal structure and hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:139-52. [PMID: 21895524 PMCID: PMC3222098 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training (ExT) is a recommended adjunct to many pharmaceutical antihypertensive therapies. The effects of chronic ExT on the development of hypertension-induced renal injury remain unknown. We examined whether ExT would preserve renal hemodynamics and structure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and whether these effects were mediated by improved redox status and decreased inflammation. Normotensive WKY rats and SHR underwent moderate-intensity ExT for 16 weeks. One group of SHR animals was treated with hydralazine to investigate the pressure-dependent/independent effects of ExT. Acute renal clearance experiments were performed prior to sacrifice. Tissue free radical production rates were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance; gene and protein expression were measured by real time RT-PCR and Western blot or immunofluorescence, respectively. Plasma angiotensin II levels and kidney antioxidants were assessed. Training efficacy was assessed by citrate synthase activity assay in hind-limb muscle. RESULTS ExT delayed hypertension, prevented oxidative stress and inflammation, preserved antioxidant status, prevented an increase in circulating AngII levels, and preserved renal hemodynamics and structure in SHR. In addition, exercise-induced effects, at least, in part, were found to be pressure-independent. INNOVATION This study is the first to provide mechanistic evidence for the renoprotective benefits of ExT in a model of hypertension. Our results demonstrate that initiation of ExT in susceptible patients can delay the development of hypertension and provide renoprotection at the functional and ultrastructural level. CONCLUSION Chronic ExT preserves renal hemodynamics and structure in SHR; these effects are partially mediated by improved redox status and decreased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Agarwal
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Carrie M. Elks
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott D. Reed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Dewan S.A. Majid
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Yu Z, He X, Fu D, Zhang Y. Two superoxide dismutase (SOD) with different subcellular localizations involved in innate immunity in Crassostrea hongkongensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:533-539. [PMID: 21745578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
SODs are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that can scavenge superoxides in response to various stresses. In the present study, full-length cDNAs of two SOD genes were isolated from Crassostrea hongkongensis (designated ChMnSOD and ChCuZnSOD). The cDNAs are 997 and 918 bp in length with ORFs of 675 and 468 bp (encoding 225 and 156 amino acids), respectively. Sequence analysis revealed a conserved Sod_Fe domain in ChMnSOD, and a Sod_Cu_Zn domain in ChCuZnSOD. Subcellular localization of ChMnSOD is mitochondrial while intracellular expression of ChCuZnSOD is detected. Although their expression overlaps in a wide range of tissues, ChMnSOD mRNA expression is high in gonad while ChCuZnSOD's is strong in adductor muscle. After infection by Vibrio alginolyticus, ChMnSOD mRNA was up-regulated 5 fold (p < 0.05) at 4 h, but returned to normal level 6 h post-infection. The expression of ChCuZnSOD gene showed a slight delay to the infection challenge and was elevated roughly 4 fold after 8 h (p < 0.05), returning to normal at 12 h post-infection. The elevated transcript levels of the two SOD genes in response to V. alginolyticus infection highlights their important functions in eliminating toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting organisms from bacterial invasion in C. hongkongensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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Mayhan WG, Arrick DM, Patel KP, Sun H. Exercise training normalizes impaired NOS-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles in type 1 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1013-20. [PMID: 21169403 PMCID: PMC3064313 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00873.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to examine whether exercise training (ExT) could normalize impaired nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent dilation of cerebral (pial) arterioles during type 1 diabetes (T1D). We measured the in vivo diameter of pial arterioles in sedentary and exercised nondiabetic and diabetic rats in response to an endothelial NOS (eNOS)-dependent (ADP), an neuronal NOS (nNOS)-dependent [N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)], and a NOS-independent (nitroglycerin) agonist. In addition, we measured superoxide anion levels in brain tissue under basal conditions in sedentary and exercised nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Furthermore, we used Western blot analysis to determine eNOS and nNOS protein levels in cerebral vessels/brain tissue in sedentary and exercised nondiabetic and diabetic rats. We found that ADP and NMDA produced a dilation of pial arterioles that was similar in sedentary and exercised nondiabetic rats. In contrast, ADP and NMDA produced only minimal vasodilation in sedentary diabetic rats. ExT restored impaired ADP- and NMDA-induced vasodilation observed in diabetic rats to that observed in nondiabetics. Nitroglycerin produced a dilation of pial arterioles that was similar in sedentary and exercised nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Superoxide levels in cortex tissue were similar in sedentary and exercised nondiabetic rats, were increased in sedentary diabetic rats, and were normalized by ExT in diabetic rats. Finally, we found that eNOS protein was increased in diabetic rats and further increased by ExT and that nNOS protein was not influenced by T1D but was increased by ExT. We conclude that ExT can alleviate impaired eNOS- and nNOS-dependent responses of pial arterioles during T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Mayhan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5850, USA.
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Nadal-Casellas A, Proenza AM, Gianotti M, Llad I. Brown adipose tissue redox status in response to dietary-induced obesity-associated oxidative stress in male and female rats. Stress 2011; 14:174-84. [PMID: 21034300 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2010.524681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to systemic oxidative stress and, although brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in energy balance, BAT redox status effects on obesity have not been studied previously. Female rats exhibit a greater BAT thermogenic capacity, attributed to enhanced mitochondrial differentiation, than males. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mitochondrial sexual dimorphism is related to differences in BAT redox status and to assess its role in the regulation of body weight gain in response to chronic high fat diet (HFD) feeding. Ten-week-old Wistar rats of both genders were fed a pelleted control diet or HFD for 26 weeks. Although mitochondria of female rats produced higher levels of hydrogen peroxide than those of males, females exhibited lower oxidative damage, attributed to greater glutathione peroxidase activity and higher glutathione content. In response to HFD, body weight increased markedly in females, but oxidative capacity increased only in males, thus maintaining improved BAT redox status compared with females. In conclusion, the sexual dimorphism in BAT redox status found in control animals is attenuated by the HFD. The enhanced oxidative capacity of HFD males can be related to their greater resistance to body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nadal-Casellas
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Czuczejko J, Motyl J, Szewczyk-Golec K, Kozakiewicz M, Pawluk H, Kędziora J, Błaszczak R, Banach M, Rysz J. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on activities of selected antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide. A pilot study. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:513-8. [PMID: 22371793 PMCID: PMC3284064 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increase in oxidative stress is strongly documented in hypertensive patients. In blood vessels, oxidative stress increases the production of superoxide anion (O(2) (•-)) that reacts with nitric oxide (NO) and impairs the ability of endothelium to relax. Many reports indicate a beneficial effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in hypertension. Coenzyme Q10 therapy may lower O(2) (•-) and thus decrease the complications associated with hypertension. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of CoQ supplementation on antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in elderly hypertensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes of 27 elderly (mean age 72.5 ±6.1 year) hypertensive patients treated with indapamide at baseline and after 12 weeks of CoQ supplementation (60 mg twice a day) in comparison with 30 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age 76.8 ±8.5 year). RESULTS Decrease of SOD-1 (p < 0.001) and insignificant reduction of GSH-Px activities and increase of MDA (p < 0.001) level were observed in hypertensive patients in comparison to healthy volunteers before supplementation. Coenzyme Q10 administration resulted in a significant increase only in SOD-1 activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that CoQ improves the most important component of the antioxidant defence system - SOD-1, which is responsible for O(2) (•-) scavenging. Coenzyme Q10 may be used as an additional therapeutic agent for prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Czuczejko
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Motyl
- Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Pawluk
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Józef Kędziora
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Błaszczak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism and elderly obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 328:33-40. [PMID: 19262996 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests an association between obesity and oxidative stress caused by superoxide production. Since the dismutation of superoxide is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase enzymes, we tested the association between obesity and Ala16Val manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (MnSOD) polymorphism. We analyzed 815 free-living community subjects (> or =60 years old) grouped into subjects who were either obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) or non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). Additionally, we investigated the possible interaction between the Ala16Val MnSOD gene polymorphism and obesity in the modulation of biochemical and nutritional variables. We found a positive association between MnSOD polymorphism and obesity, since higher VV frequency (28.2%) was observed in the obese group (P = 0.002, odds ratio 1.949, 95% CI: 1.223-3.008). This result was independent of sex, age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. A possible biological explanation of the association described here could be a chronic state of superoxide enzyme imbalance present in VV carriers, which could affect differential metabolic pathways contributing to the obese state.
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Importancia de las especies reactivas al oxigeno (radicales libres) y los antioxidantes en clinica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4858(09)74661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kedziora-Kornatowska K, Szewczyk-Golec K, Czuczejko J, Pawluk H, van Marke de Lumen K, Kozakiewicz M, Bartosz G, Kedziora J. Antioxidative effects of melatonin administration in elderly primary essential hypertension patients. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:312-7. [PMID: 18363674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of the redox state of the aging organism may be involved in the development of primary essential hypertension. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant agent, was found to exert a hypotensive effect and improve the function of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress parameters in elderly primary essential hypertensive (EH) patients, controlled by a diuretic (indapamide) monotherapy. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes, the plasma level of nitrate/nitrite, the content of carbonyl groups of plasma proteins and morning melatonin levels in the serum of 17 elderly EH patients were determined at the baseline and after the 15th and 30th days of melatonin supplementation (5 mg daily). Melatonin administration resulted in a significant increase in the morning melatonin concentration, SOD-1 and CAT activities, and a reduction in the MDA level. Statistically significant alterations in the levels of GSH, nitrate/nitrite and carbonyl groups and the activity of GSH-Px were not observed. These results indicate an improvement in the antioxidative defense of the organism by melatonin supplementation in the examined group and may suggest melatonin supplementation as an additional treatment supporting hypotensive therapy in elderly EH patients.
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Retinol and retinoic acid modulate catalase activity in Sertoli cells by distinct and gene expression-independent mechanisms. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gelain DP, de Bittencourt Pasquali MA, Zanotto-Filho A, de Souza LF, de Oliveira RB, Klamt F, Moreira JCF. Retinol increases catalase activity and protein content by a reactive species-dependent mechanism in Sertoli cells. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 174:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oxidative stress and metabolism at rest and during exercise in persons with Down syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:35-42. [PMID: 18277183 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e3282f2bff3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The greater oxidative stress described in DS can increase this risk owing to its potential deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome or its markers, at rest and during exercise, are more pronounced in young adults with DS. DESIGN The study design is that of a controlled study. METHODS Thirteen physically active young adults with DS, after overnight polysomnography, plasma-lipid profile, and insulin-resistance [Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)] assessments, underwent a submaximal progressive treadmill exercise (10 min at 30 and 50%, and 20 min at 75% of V O2max), allowing for maximal fat-oxidation rate and blood-oxidative stress determinations. They were compared with 15 healthy control participants (C). RESULTS V O2max of DS participants was lower than that of C (60.8+/-2.4 versus 44.4+/-3.3 ml/kg/min; P<0.001) but was close to the predicted value (95+/-6%). In DS participants, as expected, oxidative stress was greater than in C (+15%; P<0.001) at rest and all through the exercise protocol. Although a greater fat mass (DS: 19.9+/-1.3%; C: 13.5+/-0.9%; P<0.001), and a lower insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR in DS: 1.09+/-0.16; in C: 0.64+/-0.13; P<0.05) was observed for DS participants, a metabolic syndrome could not be shown. Maximal fat-oxidation rate was lower in DS participants (394.2+/-69.9 versus 486.1+/-134.8 mg/min in C; P<0.01), but it was in the normal range. CONCLUSION Despite greater oxidative stress and lower insulin sensitivity, the DS group involved in our study did not display clear metabolic abnormalities. The young age and lifestyle of this group might, partially, have accounted for this apparently healthy metabolic status.
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Polizio AH, Balestrasse KB, Yannarelli GG, Noriega GO, Gorzalczany S, Taira C, Tomaro ML. Angiotensin II regulates cardiac hypertrophy via oxidative stress but not antioxidant enzyme activities in experimental renovascular hypertension. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:325-34. [PMID: 18360053 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the role of angiotensin II and arterial pressure in the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in a renovascular model of cardiac hypertrophy. For this purpose, aortic coarcted rats were treated with losartan or minoxidil for 7 days. Angiotensin II induced cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress via Nox4, p22(phox) and p47(phox), which are components of the NAD(P)H oxidase. Antioxidant enzymes were regulated by arterial pressure and were not implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. Heme oxygenase-1, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, behaved as a catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and is regulated by arterial pressure. In summary, the present report indicates that cardiac hypertrophy, induced by renovascular hypertension, depends on angiotensin II through reactive oxygen species and is not prevented by the action of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel H Polizio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Nieman DC, Quindry JC, Hosick PA, Hudson MH, Still L, Henson DA, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Dumke CL, Utter AC, Triplett NT, Dibarnardi A. Chronic quercetin ingestion and exercise-induced oxidative damage and inflammation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:254-62. [DOI: 10.1139/h07-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that has been demonstrated to be a potent antioxidant in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate if quercetin ingestion would increase plasma antioxidant measures and attenuate increases in exercise-induced oxidative damage. Forty athletes were recruited and randomized to quercetin or placebo. Subjects consumed 1000 mg quercetin or placebo each day for 6 weeks before and during 3 d of cycling at 57% work maximum for 3 h. Blood was collected before and immediately after exercise each day, and analyzed for F2-isoprostanes, nitrite, ferric-reducing ability of plasma, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and C-reactive protein. Statistical analyses involved a 2 (treatment) × 6 (times) repeated measures analysis of variance to test main effects. F2-isoprostanes, nitrite, ferric-reducing ability of plasma, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and C-reactive protein were significantly elevated as a result of exercise, but no group effects were found. Despite previous data demonstrating potent antioxidant actions of quercetin in vitro, this study indicates that this effect is absent in vivo and that chronic quercetin ingestion does not exert protection from exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa S. McAnulty
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David C. Nieman
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John C. Quindry
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter A. Hosick
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew H. Hudson
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura Still
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dru A. Henson
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles L. Dumke
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan C. Utter
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nan T. Triplett
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adrianna Dibarnardi
- Department of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Cloning, characterization and TBT exposure response of CuZn superoxide dismutase from Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:583-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mailloux RJ, Bériault R, Lemire J, Singh R, Chénier DR, Hamel RD, Appanna VD. The tricarboxylic acid cycle, an ancient metabolic network with a novel twist. PLoS One 2007; 2:e690. [PMID: 17668068 PMCID: PMC1930152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is an essential metabolic network in all oxidative organisms and provides precursors for anabolic processes and reducing factors (NADH and FADH2) that drive the generation of energy. Here, we show that this metabolic network is also an integral part of the oxidative defence machinery in living organisms and α-ketoglutarate (KG) is a key participant in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its utilization as an anti-oxidant can effectively diminish ROS and curtail the formation of NADH, a situation that further impedes the release of ROS via oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, the increased production of KG mediated by NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) and its decreased utilization via the TCA cycle confer a unique strategy to modulate the cellular redox environment. Activities of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-ICDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were sharply diminished in the cellular systems exposed to conditions conducive to oxidative stress. These findings uncover an intricate link between TCA cycle and ROS homeostasis and may help explain the ineffective TCA cycle that characterizes various pathological conditions and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Bériault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Lemire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranji Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Chénier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D. Hamel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasu D. Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Shih LY, Liou TH, Chao JCJ, Kau HN, Wu YJ, Shieh MJ, Yeh CY, Han BC. Leptin, superoxide dismutase, and weight loss: initial leptin predicts weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:2184-92. [PMID: 17189545 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to study how plasma leptin concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and weight loss are related in obese adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Serum leptin concentration, SOD activities, general biochemical data, and body composition measurements were obtained for 62 overweight and obese subjects before and after an 8-week body weight reduction (BWR) regimen. The subjects were on dietary control, performed moderate aerobic and strength training exercises, and attended educational lectures. RESULTS The measurement results indicated that the following criteria were significantly reduced: body weight [84.4 +/- 17.0 vs. 79.3 +/- 16.1 (standard error) kg, p < 0.001]; BMI (31.5 +/- 4.3 vs. 29.4 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2), p < 0.001), and fat mass (33.3 +/- 10.0 vs. 29.8 +/- 10.4 kg, p < 0.001). Plasma leptin levels also significantly decreased from 31.5 +/- 17.6 to 26.5 +/- 17.2 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Additionally, SOD activity was significantly increased from 261.4 +/- 66.0 to 302.7 +/- 30.9 U/mL (p < 0.001). Based on linear regression analysis results, a 3.78- to 8.13-kg reduction in weight can be expected after the 8-week BWR regimen when initial leptin concentration was 5 to 30 ng/mL. DISCUSSION We found that an 8-week exercise and diet program was effective in reducing weight and fat mass and, notably, had further beneficial effects on leptin resistance and SOD activity. Additionally, this study demonstrated that initial plasma leptin concentration may be used as a predictor for weight loss outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shih
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gul M, Demircan B, Taysi S, Oztasan N, Gumustekin K, Siktar E, Polat MF, Akar S, Akcay F, Dane S. Effects of endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise on antioxidant defense mechanisms in rat heart. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:239-45. [PMID: 16426880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether 8-week treadmill training strengthens antioxidant enzymes and decreases lipid peroxidation in rat heart. The effects of acute exhaustive exercise were also investigated. Male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Sprague-Dawley strain) were divided into trained and untrained groups. Both groups were further divided equally into two groups where the rats were studied at rest and immediately after exhaustive exercise. Endurance training consisted of treadmill running 1.5 h day(-1), 5 days week(-1) for 8 weeks. For acute exhaustive exercise, graded treadmill running was conducted. Malondialdehyde level in heart tissue was not affected by acute exhaustive exercise in untrained and trained rats. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes decreased by both acute exercise and training. Glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities were not affected. Total and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activities were not affected either. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased by acute exercise in untrained rats; however, this decrease was not observed in trained rats. Our results suggested that rat heart has sufficient antioxidant enzyme capacity to cope with exercise-induced oxidative stress, and adaptive changes in antioxidant enzymes due to endurance training are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Galán AI, Palacios E, Ruiz F, Díez A, Arji M, Almar M, Moreno C, Calvo JI, Muñoz ME, Delgado MA, Jiménez R. Exercise, oxidative stress and risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Protective role of antioxidant functional foods. Biofactors 2006; 27:167-83. [PMID: 17012773 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520270115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and cancer. Exercise is a useful strategy for preventing CVD but in elderly persons it can enhance oxidative stress, which is why some studies recommend antioxidant supplementation for exercising elderly subjects. This intervention study was performed on 320 elderly subjects following a Geriatric Revitalization Program (GEREPRO) to maintain physical health and reduce CVD risk. GEREPRO was based on regular exercise concurrent with a nutritional antioxidant treatment based on daily intake of a functional antioxidant food, Biofrutas. Sustained exercise (10 months, 3 sessions/week) significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma HDL-cholesterol; it reduced some predictors of cardiovascular risk (arterial pressure, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C), but significantly enhanced some biomarkers of oxidative stress. Concurrent antioxidant supplementation did not produce any ergogenic effects but, meaningfully, enhanced some positive effects of exercise on physical health and the CDV risk index, and it totally prevented the exercise-induced oxidative stress. Our results show that regular and moderate exercise improves cardiorespiratory function and reduces CVD risk in elderly people, while concurrent antioxidant supplementation modulates oxidative insult during exercise in the elderly and enhances the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Galán
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and School of Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Higashi Y, Yoshizumi M. Exercise and endothelial function: role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 102:87-96. [PMID: 15056500 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that aerobic exercise, one of lifestyle modifications, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-atherogenic and anti-hypertensive effects of exercise remain unclear. Hypertension is associated with alteration in endothelial function mediated through reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Endothelial dysfunction is an early feature of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases in humans. Exercise training has been shown to improve endothelial function in animal models of hypertension and in patients with essential hypertension. These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction in hypertension is reversible. Lifestyle modifications including exercise are expected to prevent cardiovascular complications through an augmentation of endothelial function in hypertensive patients. It is thought that exercise increases NO production and decreases NO inactivation, leading to an increase in NO bioavailability. In this review, we will focus on recent findings and on possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on endothelial function in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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