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Sen A, Karati D. An insight into thymidylate synthase inhibitor as anticancer agents: an explicative review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03020-y. [PMID: 38446215 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a widespread challenge to global health, remains a puzzle of intricate molecular dynamics. This review article delves into the mystery of cancer, with a keen focus on understanding the contributory role of thymidylate synthase (TS) in cancer. TS, a vital enzyme in DNA synthesis and repair, emerges as a significant player in the narrative of cancer development. The conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is a major step in producing DNA. Numerous malignancies, including those of the breast, colon, lung, and ovary, have been linked to dysregulation of TS activity. Overexpression or mutations of TS lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis molecular interactions and signalling pathways involving TS come under scrutiny, revealing the nuanced connections that propel its involvement in cancer progression. Beyond overexpression and mutations, there emerges a subtle layer of regulation that involves microRNAs (miRNAs). These tiny particles attach to the TS messenger RNA, causing translational repression or its degradation, which in turn affects TS activity. Moving towards the therapeutic realm, thymidylate synthase inhibition acts as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Targeting TS with small-molecule inhibitors could provide a novel approach to treat various cancers. By reducing the number of available nucleotides, TS inhibition would slow down or halt cancer cell division, thus depriving the tumor of the building blocks required for its proliferation and growth. The aim is to assess the viability and effectiveness of targeting TS to halt or slow down cancer progression. There is growing evidence that, in comparison to traditional TS inhibitors, few novel antifolate TS inhibitors are effective against a wider variety of neoplasms, such as lung carcinomas. It has been discovered that TS inhibitors increase cancer tissues' sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation, increasing their vulnerability to these treatments. This article aims to provide a comprehensive insight into TS, examining its cellular details, detailing the heterocyclic moieties and molecular foundations, and providing a promising future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aratrika Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Kasprzak A. Prognostic Biomarkers of Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Immunohistochemistry to Molecular Biology Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4570. [PMID: 37760539 PMCID: PMC10526446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and severe malignancies worldwide. Recent advances in diagnostic methods allow for more accurate identification and detection of several molecular biomarkers associated with this cancer. Nonetheless, non-invasive and effective prognostic and predictive testing in CRC patients remains challenging. Classical prognostic genetic markers comprise mutations in several genes (e.g., APC, KRAS/BRAF, TGF-β, and TP53). Furthermore, CIN and MSI serve as chromosomal markers, while epigenetic markers include CIMP and many other candidates such as SERP, p14, p16, LINE-1, and RASSF1A. The number of proliferation-related long non-coding RNAs (e.g., SNHG1, SNHG6, MALAT-1, CRNDE) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-20a, miR-21, miR-143, miR-145, miR-181a/b) that could serve as potential CRC markers has also steadily increased in recent years. Among the immunohistochemical (IHC) proliferative markers, the prognostic value regarding the patients' overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) has been confirmed for thymidylate synthase (TS), cyclin B1, cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67. In most cases, the overexpression of these markers in tissues was related to worse OS and DFS. However, slowly proliferating cells should also be considered in CRC therapy (especially radiotherapy) as they could represent a reservoir from which cells are recruited to replenish the rapidly proliferating population in response to cell-damaging factors. Considering the above, the aim of this article is to review the most common proliferative markers assessed using various methods including IHC and selected molecular biology techniques (e.g., qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, RNA/DNA sequencing, next-generation sequencing) as prognostic and predictive markers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Ismailov ZB, Belykh ES, Chernykh AA, Udoratina AM, Kazakov DV, Rybak AV, Kerimova SN, Velegzhaninov IO. Systematic review of comparative transcriptomic studies of cellular resistance to genotoxic stress. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108467. [PMID: 37657754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance by tumor cells to various types of therapy is a significant problem that decreases the effectiveness of oncology treatments. For more than two decades, comparative transcriptomic studies of tumor cells with different sensitivities to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents have been conducted in order to identify the causes and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. However, the results of such studies have little in common and often contradict each other. We have assumed that a systematic analysis of a large number of such studies will provide new knowledge about the mechanisms of development of therapeutic resistance in tumor cells. Our comparison of 123 differentially expressed gene (DEG) lists published in 98 papers suggests a very low degree of consistency between the study results. Grouping the data by type of genotoxic agent and tumor type did not increase the similarity. The most frequently overexpressed genes were found to be those encoding the transport protein ABCB1 and the antiviral defense protein IFITM1. We put forward a hypothesis that the role played by the overexpression of the latter in the development of resistance may be associated not only with the stimulation of proliferation, but also with the limitation of exosomal communication and, as a result, with a decrease in the bystander effect. Among down regulated DEGs, BNIP3 was observed most frequently. The expression of BNIP3, together with BNIP3L, is often suppressed in cells resistant to non-platinum genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, whereas it is increased in cells resistant to ionizing radiation. These observations are likely to be mediated by the binary effects of these gene products on survival, and regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. The combined data also show that even such obvious mechanisms as inhibition of apoptosis and increase of proliferation are not universal but show multidirectional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Ismailov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - E S Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - A A Chernykh
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Pervomaiskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - A M Udoratina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - D V Kazakov
- Institute of Physics and Mathematics of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Oplesnina St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - A V Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - S N Kerimova
- State Medical Institution Komi Republican Oncology Center, 46 Nyuvchimskoe highway, Syktyvkar 167904, Russia
| | - I O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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4
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Rakic A, Anicic R, Rakic M, Nejkovic L. Integrated Bioinformatics Investigation of Novel Biomarkers of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Diagnosis and Outcome. J Pers Med 2023; 13:985. [PMID: 37373974 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) have a poor prognosis and a high percentage of recurrent disease. Bioinformatics has become an integral element in rare cancer studies by overcoming the inability to collect a large enough study population. This study aimed to investigate and highlight crucial genes, pathways, miRNAs, and transcriptional factors (TF) on uLMS samples from five Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas Sarcoma study. Forty-one common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched and annotated by the DAVID software. With protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we selected ten hub genes that were validated with the TNMplotter web tool. We used the USCS Xena browser for survival analysis. We also predicted TF-gene and miRNA-gene regulatory networks along with potential drug molecules. TYMS and TK1 correlated with overall survival in uLMS patients. Finally, our results propose further validation of hub genes (TYMS and TK1), miR-26b-5p, and Sp1 as biomarkers of pathogenesis, prognosis, and differentiation of uLMS. Regarding the aggressive behavior and poor prognosis of uLMS, with the lack of standard therapeutic regimens, in our opinion, the results of our study provide enough evidence for further investigation of the molecular basis of uLMS occurrence and its implication in the diagnosis and therapy of this rare gynecological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Rakic
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radomir Anicic
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Rakic
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Lazar Nejkovic
- The Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Guijarro MV, Nawab A, Dib P, Burkett S, Luo X, Feely M, Nasri E, Seifert RP, Kaye FJ, Zajac-Kaye M. TYMS promotes genomic instability and tumor progression in Ink4a/Arf null background. Oncogene 2023; 42:1926-1939. [PMID: 37106126 PMCID: PMC10244171 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that elevated TYMS exhibits oncogenic properties and promotes tumorigenesis after a long latency, suggesting cooperation with sequential somatic mutations. Here we report the cooperation of ectopic expression of human TYMS with loss of Ink4a/Arf, one of the most commonly mutated somatic events in human cancer. Using an hTS/Ink4a/Arf -/- genetically engineered mouse model we showed that deregulated TYMS expression in Ink4a/Arf null background accelerates tumorigenesis and metastasis. In addition, tumors from TYMS-expressing mice were associated with a phenotype of genomic instability including enhanced double strand DNA damage, aneuploidy and loss of G1/S checkpoint. Downregulation of TYMS in vitro decreased cell proliferation and sensitized tumor cells to antimetabolite chemotherapy. In addition, depletion of TYMS in vivo by TYMS shRNA reduced tumor incidence, delayed tumor progression and prolonged survival in hTS/Ink4a/Arf -/- mice. Our data shows that activation of TYMS in Ink4a/Arf null background enhances uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor growth, supporting the development of new agents and strategies targeting TYMS to delay tumorigenesis and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Guijarro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Akbar Nawab
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Peter Dib
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Michael Feely
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Elham Nasri
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert P Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Frederic J Kaye
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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6
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Guijarro MV, Kellish PC, Dib PE, Paciaroni NG, Nawab A, Andring J, Kulemina L, Borrero NV, Modenutti C, Feely M, Nasri E, Seifert RP, Luo X, Bennett RL, Shabashvili D, Licht JD, McKenna R, Roitberg A, Huigens RW, Kaye FJ, Zajac-Kaye M. First-in-class multifunctional TYMS nonclassical antifolate inhibitor with potent in vivo activity that prolongs survival. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158798. [PMID: 37097751 PMCID: PMC10386886 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thymidylate synthase (TYMS) inhibitors have served as components of chemotherapy regimens, the currently available inhibitors induce TYMS overexpression or alter folate transport/metabolism feedback pathways that tumor cells exploit for drug resistance, limiting overall benefit. Here we report a small molecule TYMS inhibitor that i) exhibited enhanced antitumor activity as compared with current fluoropyrimidines and antifolates without inducing TYMS overexpression, ii) is structurally distinct from classical antifolates, iii) extended survival in both pancreatic xenograft tumor models and an hTS/Ink4a/Arf null genetically engineered mouse tumor model, and iv) is well tolerated with equal efficacy using either intraperitoneal or oral administration. Mechanistically, we verify the compound is a multifunctional nonclassical antifolate, and using a series of analogs, we identify structural features allowing direct TYMS inhibition while maintaining the ability to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase. Collectively, this work identifies nonclassical antifolate inhibitors that optimize inhibition of thymidylate biosynthesis with a favorable safety profile, highlighting the potential for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacob Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Modenutti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, and
- Institute of Biological Chemistry of the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, University City, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Feely
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elham Nasri
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert P. Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Richard L. Bennett
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D. Licht
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrian Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Frederic J. Kaye
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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7
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New thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-fused pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones as potential thymidylate synthase inhibitors: Synthesis, SAR, in vitro and in silico study. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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8
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Shinno Y, Takenobu H, Sugino RP, Endo Y, Okada R, Haruta M, Satoh S, Mukae K, Shaliman D, Wada T, Akter J, Ando K, Nakazawa A, Yoshida H, Ohira M, Hishiki T, Kamijo T. Polycomb EZH1 regulates cell cycle/5-fluorouracil sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells in concert with MYCN. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4193-4206. [PMID: 36052716 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we found that EZH1 depletion in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells resulted in significant cell death as well as xenograft inhibition. EZH1 depletion decreased the level of H3K27me1; the interaction and protein stabilization of MYCN and EZH1 appear to play roles in epigenetic transcriptional regulation. Transcriptome analysis of EZH1-depleted cells resulted in downregulation of the cell cycle progression-related pathway. In particular, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed downregulation of reactome E2F-mediated regulation of DNA replication along with key genes of this process, TYMS, POLA2, and CCNA1. TYMS and POLA2 were transcriptionally activated by MYCN and EZH1-related epigenetic modification. Treatment with the EZH1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 also induced cell death, decreased H3K27 methylation, and reduced the levels of TYMS in neuroblastoma cells. Previous reports indicated neuroblastoma cells are resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and TYMS (encoding thymidylate synthetase) has been considered the primary site of action for folate analogues. Intriguingly, UNC1999 treatment significantly sensitized MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells to 5-FU treatment, suggesting that EZH inhibition could be an effective strategy for development of a new epigenetic treatment for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Shinno
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisanori Takenobu
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi P Sugino
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryu Okada
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Haruta
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunpei Satoh
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Mukae
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Dilibaerguli Shaliman
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wada
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jesmin Akter
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Ando
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoro Hishiki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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9
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Wu PJ, Hsin IL, Hung WL, Lee MS, Wang PH, Ko JL. Combination treatment with cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide induce synergistic cell death via non-apoptotic pathway in uterine cervical cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110177. [PMID: 36100036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug with anti-cancer effect. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a well-known cancer-inhibiting drug, induced cytotoxicity via apoptosis and autophagy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of combinational treatment with cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide on cell viability inhibition in cervical cancer cells. Using MTT assay and combination index, combinational treatment with cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide induced a synergistic cytotoxic effect in Caski and SiHa cells. Cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide triggered cell death via non-apoptotic pathway by using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay. Cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide combined treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This co-treatment increased LC3B-II expression and autophagosome formation in cervical cancer cells. This study first demonstrated that combinational treatment with cyclosporin A and As2O3 trigger synergistic cytotoxic effect via autophagy in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Neurosurgery Department, Everan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM, Ahmed AAM. Tandem synthesis, cytotoxicity, and in silico study of new 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles as potential thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200170. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. M. Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
- Common First Year Deanship Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia
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11
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Cinobufagin restrains the growth and triggers DNA damage of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via proteasome-dependent degradation of thymidylate synthase. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Zou Z, Gao Z, Wang Y, Xiao M, Xu C, Jiang G, Wang H, Jin L, Wang J, Wang HZ, Guo S, Wu J. Prediction of lung cancer risk in Chinese population with genetic-environment factor using extreme gradient boosting. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4469-4478. [PMID: 35499292 PMCID: PMC9741969 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting early-stage lung cancer is critical to reduce the lung cancer mortality rate; however, existing models based on germline variants perform poorly, and new models are needed. This study aimed to use extreme gradient boosting to develop a predictive model for the early diagnosis of lung cancer in a multicenter case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 974 cases and 1005 controls in Shanghai and Taizhou were recruited, and 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the association between signal SNPs and lung cancer risk. Logistic regression (LR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms, a large-scale machine learning algorithm, were adopted to build the lung cancer risk model. In both models, 10-fold cross-validation was performed, and model predictive performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS After FDR adjustment, TYMS rs3819102 and BAG6 rs1077393 were significantly associated with lung cancer risk (p < 0.05). For lung cancer risk prediction, the model predicted only with epidemiology attained an AUC of 0.703 for LR and 0.744 for XGBoost. Compared with the LR model predicted only with epidemiology, further adding SNPs and applying XGBoost increased the AUC to 0.759 (p < 0.001) in the XGBoost model. BAG6 rs1077393 was the most important predictor among all SNPs in the lung cancer prediction XGBoost model, followed by TERT rs2735845 and CAMKK1 rs7214723. Further stratification in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) showed a significantly elevated performance from 0.639 to 0.699 (p = 0.009) when applying XGBoost and adding SNPs to the model, while the best model for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) prediction was the LR model predicted with epidemiology and SNPs (AUC = 0.833), compared with the XGBoost model (AUC = 0.816). CONCLUSION Our lung cancer risk prediction models in the Chinese population have a strong predictive ability, especially for SCC. Adding SNPs and applying the XGBoost algorithm to the epidemiologic-based logistic regression risk prediction model significantly improves model performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zixiu Zou
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhunyi Gao
- Company 6 of Basic Medical SchoolNavy Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Chang Xu
- Clinical College of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouChina
| | - Gengxi Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Haijian Wang
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Jin
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiucun Wang
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huai Zhou Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosisthe First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Shicheng Guo
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junjie Wu
- School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Geriatric Medical CenterShanghaiChina
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Sochacka-Ćwikła A, Mączyński M, Regiec A. FDA-Approved Small Molecule Compounds as Drugs for Solid Cancers from Early 2011 to the End of 2021. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072259. [PMID: 35408658 PMCID: PMC9000317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid cancers are the most common types of cancers diagnosed globally and comprise a large number of deaths each year. The main challenge currently in drug development for tumors raised from solid organs is to find more selective compounds, which exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, the small molecule drugs registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancers treatment between 2011 and 2022 were identified and analyzed by investigating a type of therapy they are used for, as well as their structures and mechanisms of action. On average, 4 new small molecule agents were introduced each year, with a few exceptions, for a total of 62 new drug approvals. A total of 50 of all FDA-approved drugs have also been authorized for use in the European Union by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Our analysis indicates that many more anticancer molecules show a selective mode of action, i.e., 49 targeted agents, 5 hormone therapies and 3 radiopharmaceuticals, compared to less specific cytostatic action, i.e., 5 chemotherapeutic agents. It should be emphasized that new medications are indicated for use mainly for monotherapy and less for a combination or adjuvant therapies. The comprehensive data presented in this review can serve for further design and development of more specific targeted agents in clinical usage for solid tumors.
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Kim BJ. Enzyme-Instructed Self-Assembly of Peptides: From Concept to Representative Applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200094. [PMID: 35213091 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-instructed self-assembly, integrating enzymatic reaction and molecular self-assembly, has drawn noticeable attention over the last decade with the intension of being used in valuable applications. Recent advances in the field allow it possible to spatiotemporally control peptide self-assembly in cellular milieu, broadening the potential applications of peptide assemblies to cancer therapy and subcellular delivery. In this minireview, the concept of enzyme-instructed self-assembly of peptide, containing enzymatic trigger and spatiotemporal control, is described. Representative applications in cells are also discussed, followed by outlook on the field of enzyme-instructed self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jin Kim
- University of Ulsan, Chemistry, 12, Techno Industrial Complex-ro, 55 beon-gil, 4776, Ulsan, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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15
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Grumetti L, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Pucci B, Avallone A, Di Gennaro E, Budillon A. Epigenetic Approaches to Overcome Fluoropyrimidines Resistance in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030695. [PMID: 35158962 PMCID: PMC8833539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fluoropyrimidines represent the backbone of many combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of solid cancers but are still associated with toxicity and mechanisms of resistance. In this review, we focused on the epigenetic modifiers histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) and on their ability to regulate specific genes and proteins involved in the fluoropyrimidine metabolism and resistance mechanisms. We presented emerging preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting the mechanisms by which HDACis can prevent/overcome the resistance and/or enhance the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines, potentially reducing their toxicity, and ultimately improving the overall survival of cancer patients. Abstract Although fluoropyrimidines were introduced as anticancer agents over 60 years ago, they are still the backbone of many combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of solid cancers. Like other chemotherapeutic agents, the therapeutic efficacy of fluoropyrimidines can be affected by drug resistance and severe toxicities; thus, novel therapeutic approaches are required to potentiate their efficacy and overcome drug resistance. In the last 20 years, the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been shown to contribute to cancer hallmarks. Histone modifications play an important role in directing the transcriptional machinery and therefore represent interesting druggable targets. In this review, we focused on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) that can increase antitumor efficacy and overcome resistance to fluoropyrimidines by targeting specific genes or proteins. Our preclinical data showed a strong synergistic interaction between HDACi and fluoropyrimidines in different cancer models, but the clinical studies did not seem to confirm these observations. Most likely, the introduction of increasingly complex preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo, cannot recapitulate human complexity; however, our analysis of clinical studies revealed that most of them were designed without a mechanistic approach and, importantly, without careful patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grumetti
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.G.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-590-3342 (E.D.G.); +39-081-590-3292 (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimetnal Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (R.L.); (F.I.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.G.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-590-3342 (E.D.G.); +39-081-590-3292 (A.B.)
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Thymidylate synthase O-GlcNAcylation: a molecular mechanism of 5-FU sensitization in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:745-756. [PMID: 34845374 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of O-GlcNAcylation, a dynamic posttranslational modification, is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Its role in chemotherapy response is poorly investigated. Standard treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mainly targets Thymidylate Synthase (TS). TS O-GlcNAcylation was reported but not investigated yet. We hypothesize that O-GlcNAcylation interferes with 5-FU CRC sensitivity by regulating TS. In vivo, we observed that combined 5-FU with Thiamet-G (O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor) treatment had a synergistic inhibitory effect on grade and tumor progression. 5-FU decreased O-GlcNAcylation and, reciprocally, elevation of O-GlcNAcylation was associated with TS increase. In vitro in non-cancerous and cancerous colon cells, we showed that 5-FU impacts O-GlcNAcylation by decreasing O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) expression both at mRNA and protein levels. Reciprocally, OGT knockdown decreased 5-FU-induced cancer cell apoptosis by reducing TS protein level and activity. Mass spectrometry, mutagenesis and structural studies mapped O-GlcNAcylated sites on T251 and T306 residues and deciphered their role in TS proteasomal degradation. We reveal a crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and 5-FU metabolism in vitro and in vivo that converges to 5-FU CRC sensitization by stabilizing TS. Overall, our data propose that combining 5-FU-based chemotherapy with Thiamet-G could be a new way to enhance CRC response to 5-FU.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Thymol-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090866. [PMID: 34577567 PMCID: PMC8468421 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 1,2,3-triazole-incorporated thymol-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (6–18) hasbeen synthesized and tested for anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Compounds 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity. Among these active derivatives, compound 2-(4-((5-((2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenol (9) was the best compound against all three tested cell lines, MCF-7 (IC50 1.1 μM), HCT-116 (IC50 2.6 μM), and HepG2 (IC50 1.4 μM). Compound 9 was found to be better than the standard drugs, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. These compounds showed anticancer activity through thymidylate synthase inhibition as they displayed significant TS inhibitory activity with IC50 in the range 1.95–4.24 μM, whereas the standard drug, Pemetrexed, showed IC50 7.26 μM. The antimicrobial results showed that some of the compounds (6, 7, 9, 16, and 17) exhibited good inhibition on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The molecular docking and simulation studies supported the anticancer and antimicrobial data. It can be concluded that the synthesized 1,2,3-triazole tethered thymol-1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugates have both antiproliferative and antimicrobial potential.
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Haritha NH, Nawab A, Vijayakurup V, Anto NP, Liju VB, Alex VV, Amrutha AN, Aiswarya SU, Swetha M, Vinod BS, Sundaram S, Guijarro MV, Herlevich T, Krishna A, Nestory NK, Bava SV, Sadasivan C, Zajac-Kaye M, Anto RJ. Targeting Thymidylate Synthase Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Towards 5-FU-Based Combinatorial Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656804. [PMID: 34336653 PMCID: PMC8320437 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing treatment modalities for breast cancer (BC) primarily rely on the expression status of ER, PR and HER-2 receptors in BC tissues. Our strategy of chemosensitization provides new insights to counter chemoresistance, a major obstacle that limits the benefits of chemotherapy of mammary cancers. METHODS By utilizing a murine breast cancer model employing NSG mice bearing orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts, we have evaluated the ability of phytochemical curcumin in chemosensitizing BC to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy and the differential modulations of cellular events in response to this strategy, independent of their receptor status. RESULTS A significant synergistic antitumor potential was observed in the murine model with a sub-optimal dose treatment of 5-FU plus curcumin, as evaluated by a reduction in the tumor-related parameters. We authenticated the pivotal role of thymidylate synthase (TS) in regulating the 5-FU-curcumin synergism using the TNBC pre-clinical model. Our study also confirmed the pharmacological safety of this chemotherapeutic plus phytoactive combination using acute and chronic toxicity studies in Swiss albino mice. Subsequently, the molecular docking analysis of curcumin binding to TS demonstrated the affinity of curcumin towards the cofactor-binding site of TS, rather than the substrate-binding site, where 5-FU binds. Our concomitant in vivo and in silico evidence substantiates the superior therapeutic index of this combination. CONCLUSION This is the first-ever pre-clinical study portraying TS as the critical target of combinatorial therapy for mammary carcinomas and therefore we recommend its clinical validation, especially in TNBC patients, who currently have limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Hariprasad Haritha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Akbar Nawab
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijayasteltar B. Liju
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Vijai V. Alex
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Balachandran S. Vinod
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, India
| | - Maria V. Guijarro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Herlevich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Archana Krishna
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Nesteena K. Nestory
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Smitha V. Bava
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
| | | | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Ma J, Zhong M, Xiong Y, Gao Z, Wu Z, Liu Y, Hong X. Emerging roles of nucleotide metabolism in cancer development: progress and prospect. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13349-13358. [PMID: 33952722 PMCID: PMC8148454 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cancer metabolism occurs throughout the development of tumors. Recent studies have shown that abnormal nucleotide metabolism not only accelerates the development of tumors but also inhibits the normal immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Although few relevant experiments and reports are available, study of the interaction between nucleotide metabolism and cancer development is rapidly developing. The intervention, alteration or regulation of molecular mechanisms related to abnormal nucleotide metabolism in tumor cells has become a new idea and strategy for the treatment of tumors and prevention of recurrence and metastasis. Determining how nucleotide metabolism regulates the occurrence and progression of tumors still needs long-term and extensive research and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Ma
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yubo Xiong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning 53000, China
| | - Zhengxin Wu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- General Surgery Center, Bazhong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Bazhong 636000, China
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
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Gambaro K, Marques M, McNamara S, Couetoux du Tertre M, Diaz Z, Hoffert C, Srivastava A, Hébert S, Samson B, Lespérance B, Ko Y, Dalfen R, St‐Hilaire E, Sideris L, Couture F, Burkes R, Harb M, Camlioglu E, Gologan A, Pelsser V, Constantin A, Greenwood CM, Tejpar S, Kavan P, Kleinman CL, Batist G. Copy number and transcriptome alterations associated with metastatic lesion response to treatment in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e401. [PMID: 33931971 PMCID: PMC8087915 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic resistance is the main cause of death in metastatic colorectal cancer. To investigate genomic plasticity, most specifically of metastatic lesions, associated with response to first-line systemic therapy, we collected longitudinal liver metastatic samples and characterized the copy number aberration (CNA) landscape and its effect on the transcriptome. METHODS Liver metastatic biopsies were collected prior to treatment (pre, n = 97) and when clinical imaging demonstrated therapeutic resistance (post, n = 43). CNAs were inferred from whole exome sequencing and were correlated with both the status of the lesion and overall patient progression-free survival (PFS). We used RNA sequencing data from the same sample set to validate aberrations as well as independent datasets to prioritize candidate genes. RESULTS We identified a significantly increased frequency gain of a unique CN, in liver metastatic lesions after first-line treatment, on chr18p11.32 harboring 10 genes, including TYMS, which has not been reported in primary tumors (GISTIC method and test of equal proportions, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0023). CNA lesion profiles exhibiting different treatment responses were compared and we detected focal genomic divergences in post-treatment resistant lesions but not in responder lesions (two-tailed Fisher's Exact test, unadjusted p ≤ 0.005). The importance of examining metastatic lesions is highlighted by the fact that 15 out of 18 independently validated CNA regions found to be associated with PFS in this study were only identified in the metastatic lesions and not in the primary tumors. CONCLUSION This investigation of genomic-phenotype associations in a large colorectal cancer liver metastases cohort identified novel molecular features associated with treatment response, supporting the clinical importance of collecting metastatic samples in a defined clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gambaro
- Canadian National Centres of Excellence—Exactis Innovation5450 Cote‐des‐NeigesMontrealQuebecH3T 1Y6Canada
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Maud Marques
- Canadian National Centres of Excellence—Exactis Innovation5450 Cote‐des‐NeigesMontrealQuebecH3T 1Y6Canada
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Suzan McNamara
- Canadian National Centres of Excellence—Exactis Innovation5450 Cote‐des‐NeigesMontrealQuebecH3T 1Y6Canada
| | | | - Zuanel Diaz
- Canadian National Centres of Excellence—Exactis Innovation5450 Cote‐des‐NeigesMontrealQuebecH3T 1Y6Canada
| | - Cyrla Hoffert
- Canadian National Centres of Excellence—Exactis Innovation5450 Cote‐des‐NeigesMontrealQuebecH3T 1Y6Canada
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Archana Srivastava
- Canadian National Centres of Excellence—Exactis Innovation5450 Cote‐des‐NeigesMontrealQuebecH3T 1Y6Canada
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Steven Hébert
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Benoit Samson
- Charles LeMoyne Hospital3120 Taschereau Blvd.Greenfield ParkQuebecJ4V 2H1Canada
| | | | - Yoo‐Joung Ko
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre2075 Bayview Ave.TorontoOntarioM4N 3M5Canada
| | - Richard Dalfen
- St. Mary's Hospital3830 LacombeMontrealQuebecH3T 1M5Canada
| | - Eve St‐Hilaire
- Georges Dumont Hospital220 Avenue UniversiteMonctonNew BrunswickE1C 2Z3Canada
| | - Lucas Sideris
- Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont5415 Assumption BlvdMontrealQuebecH1T 2M4Canada
| | - Felix Couture
- Hôtel‐Dieu de Quebec11 Cote du PalaisMontrealQuebecG1R 2J6Canada
| | - Ronald Burkes
- Mount Sinai Hospital600 University AvenueTorontoOntarioM5G 1X5Canada
| | - Mohammed Harb
- Moncton Hospital135 Macbeath AveMonctonNew BrunswickE1C 6Z8Canada
| | - Errol Camlioglu
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Adrian Gologan
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Vincent Pelsser
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - André Constantin
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Celia M.T. Greenwood
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of OncologyMcGill University3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill University3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology UnitKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenOude Markt 13Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Petr Kavan
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Claudia L. Kleinman
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
- Department of Human GeneticsLady Davis Research Institute, McGill University3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- McGill University‐Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital3755 Côte Ste‐CatherineMontrealQuebecH3T 1E2Canada
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Rabdosianone I, a Bitter Diterpene from an Oriental Herb, Suppresses Thymidylate Synthase Expression by Directly Binding to ANT2 and PHB2. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050982. [PMID: 33652782 PMCID: PMC7956614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the present study, we found the novel pleiotropic regulation of the oncogene product thymidylate synthase (TS) by a chemical biology approach to identify rabdosianone I-binding proteins. Rabdosianone I, which is extracted from a traditional Asian herb Isodon japonicus Hara for longevity, suppressed TS expression at mRNA and protein levels. We immobilized rabdosianone I onto nano-magnetic beads and identified two mitochondrial proteins, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2), as the direct targets of rabdosianone I in cancer cells. Mechanistically, the knockdown of ANT2 or PHB2 promoted proteasomal degradation of the TS protein. In addition, PHB2 reduced TS mRNA levels. Thus, we provide previously unknown mechanisms of TS regulation by ANT2 and PHB2 and propose the possibility of rabdosianone I as a promising lead compound for the discovery of a novel TS suppressor. Abstract Natural products have numerous bioactivities and are expected to be a resource for potent drugs. However, their direct targets in cells often remain unclear. We found that rabdosianone I, which is a bitter diterpene from an oriental herb for longevity, Isodon japonicus Hara, markedly inhibited the growth of human colorectal cancer cells by downregulating the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS). Next, using rabdosianone I-immobilized nano-magnetic beads, we identified two mitochondrial inner membrane proteins, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2), as direct targets of rabdosianone I. Consistent with the action of rabdosianone I, the depletion of ANT2 or PHB2 reduced TS expression in a different manner. The knockdown of ANT2 or PHB2 promoted proteasomal degradation of TS protein, whereas that of not ANT2 but PHB2 reduced TS mRNA levels. Thus, our study reveals the ANT2- and PHB2-mediated pleiotropic regulation of TS expression and demonstrates the possibility of rabdosianone I as a lead compound of TS suppressor.
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Onwe EE, Ghani FA, Abdullah M, Osman M, Zin RRM, Vivian AN, Mohtarrudin N. Predictive Potential of PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC Expressions in Treatment Outcome of Colorectal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1292:97-112. [PMID: 32542457 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignancy of epithelial origin in the large bowel. The elucidation of the biological functions of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) biomarkers including their roles in the pathophysiology of CRC - has led to their applications in diagnostic and chemo-pharmaceutics. We investigated whether PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC protein expression in CRC tumors are predictive biomarkers of treatment outcome for CRC patients. The expressions of PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 91 paraffin-embedded samples from patients who underwent colectomy procedure in Hospital Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. There was high expression of DCC in most cases: 84.6% (77/91). PD-L1 showed low expression in 93.4% (86/91) of cases and high expression in 6.6% (5/91) of cases. Low and high expressions of TYMS were detected in 53.8% (49/91) and 46.2% (42/91) of the CRC cases, respectively. There was a significant association between the TYMS expression and gender (P < 0.05); the expression of TYMS was observed at a high level in 76.2% of males and in 23.8% of females. The mean overall survival (OS) was 100 months for the CRC patients evaluated. The OS for patients with high expression of PD-L1 was 22 months. Patients with high expression of TYMS and DCC showed OS of 90 and 96 months, respectively. The results from this study suggest that PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC expression could be used as biomarkers to stratify CRC patients who could benefit from adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenyi Emeka Onwe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Fauzah Abd Ghani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Malina Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Arimokwu Nimbi Vivian
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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23
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Alzhrani ZMM, Alam MM, Neamatallah T, Nazreen S. Design, synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative activity of new thiazolidinedione-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as thymidylate synthase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1116-1123. [PMID: 32354237 PMCID: PMC7241536 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1759581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) has been an attention-grabbing area of research for the treatment of cancers due to their role in DNA biosynthesis. In the present study, we have synthesised a library of thiazolidinedione-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as TS inhibitors. All the synthesised hybrids followed Lipinski and Veber rules which indicated good drug likeness properties upon oral administration. Among the synthesised hybrids, compound 9 and 10 displayed 4.5 and 4.4 folds activity of 5-Fluorouracil, respectively against MCF-7 cell line whereas 3.1 and 2.5 folds cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line. Furthermore, compound 9 and 10 also inhibited TS enzyme with IC50 = 1.67 and 2.21 µM, respectively. Finally, the docking studies of 9 and 10 were found to be consistent with in vitro TS results. From these studies, compound 9 and 10 has the potential to be developed as TS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Song S, Tian B, Zhang M, Gao X, Jie L, Liu P, Li J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of thymidylate synthase expression in breast cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:279-287. [PMID: 33030246 PMCID: PMC7820961 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism is the driving force of cell proliferation, and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyzes a rate‐limiting step in the initial synthesis of nucleotides. Previous studies reported that TYMS activity significantly affected the proliferation of tumour cells. However, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of TYMS expression in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we used the Breast Cancer Integrative Platform (BCIP) to investigate the relationship between progression and prognosis of breast cancer with TYMS expression, and then verified the database analysis using immunohistochemical staining. Our results indicated TYMS expression was greater in breast cancer than adjacent normal tissues and greater in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) than non‐TNBC tissues. TYMS expression also had significant positive correlations with histological grade, tumour size, and ER negativity, and PR negativity. The increased copy number of the TYMS gene appears to be the reason for its upregulation in breast cancer. Breast cancer patients with higher TYMS expression had poorer prognosis. Our data suggest that TYMS has potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoran Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bixia Tian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Jie
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Moreno LM, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Lauria A, Martorana A, Insuasty H, Insuasty B. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of novel chalcone- and pyrazoline-based 1,3,5-triazines as potential anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34114-34129. [PMID: 35519030 PMCID: PMC9056798 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of triazin-chalcones (7,8)a-g and triazin-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolines (9,10)a-g were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against nine different cancer strains. Triazine ketones 5 and 6 were synthesized from the cyanuric chloride 1 by using stepwise nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom. These ketones were subsequently subjected to a Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes affording chalcones (7,8)a-g. Then, N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolines (9,10)a-g were obtained by cyclocondensation reactions of the respective chalcones (7,8)a-g with 3,5-dichlorophenylhydrazine. Among all the evaluated compounds, chalcones 7d,g and 8g exhibited more potent in vitro anticancer activity, with outstanding GI50 values ranging from 0.422 to 14.9 μM and LC50 values ranging from 5.08 μM to >100 μM. In silico studies, for both ligand- and structure-based, were executed to explore the inhibitory nature of chalcones and triazine derivatives. The results suggested that the evaluated compounds could act as modulators of the human thymidylate synthase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydi M Moreno
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", Università di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17 I-90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Annamaria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche "STEBICEF", Università di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17 I-90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Henry Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Nariño A.A. 1175 Pasto Colombia
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI A.A. 25360 Cali Colombia
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Maj P, Mori M, Sobich J, Markowicz J, Uram Ł, Zieliński Z, Quaglio D, Calcaterra A, Cau Y, Botta B, Rode W. Alvaxanthone, a Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor with Nematocidal and Tumoricidal Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122894. [PMID: 32586022 PMCID: PMC7356228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to identify novel inhibitors of parasitic nematode thymidylate synthase (TS), we screened in silico an in-house library of natural compounds, taking advantage of a model of nematode TS three-dimensional (3D) structure and choosing candidate compounds potentially capable of enzyme binding/inhibition. Selected compounds were tested as (i) inhibitors of the reaction catalyzed by TSs of different species, (ii) agents toxic to a nematode parasite model (C. elegans grown in vitro), (iii) inhibitors of normal human cell growth, and (iv) antitumor agents affecting human tumor cells grown in vitro. The results pointed to alvaxanthone as a relatively strong TS inhibitor that causes C. elegans population growth reduction with nematocidal potency similar to the anthelmintic drug mebendazole. Alvaxanthone also demonstrated an antiproliferative effect in tumor cells, associated with a selective toxicity against mitochondria observed in cancer cells compared to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Maj
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.M.); (J.S.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (Y.C.)
| | - Justyna Sobich
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.M.); (J.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Joanna Markowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.M.); (Ł.U.)
| | - Łukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.M.); (Ł.U.)
| | - Zbigniew Zieliński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.M.); (J.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (A.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (A.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Ylenia Cau
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (A.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Wojciech Rode
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.M.); (J.S.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-608-351-155; Fax: +48-22-822-5342
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27
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A Peptidic Thymidylate-Synthase Inhibitor Loaded on Pegylated Liposomes Enhances the Antitumour Effect of Chemotherapy Drugs in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124452. [PMID: 32585842 PMCID: PMC7352236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no effective long-term treatment for ovarian cancer (OC) resistant to poly-chemotherapy regimens based on platinum drugs. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between development of Pt-drug resistance and increased thymidylate synthase (hTS) expression, and the consequent cross-resistance to the hTS inhibitors 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (RTX). In the present work, we propose a new tool to combat drug resistance. We propose to treat OC cell lines, both Pt-sensitive and -resistant, with dual combinations of one of the four chemotherapeutic agents that are widely used in the clinic, and the new peptide, hTS inhibitor, [D-Gln4]LR. This binds hTS allosterically and, unlike classical inhibitors that bind at the catalytic pocket, causes cell growth inhibition without inducing hTS overexpression. The dual drug combinations showed schedule-dependent synergistic antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. We observed that the simultaneous treatment or 24h pre-treatment of OC cells with the peptide followed by either agent produced synergistic effects even in resistant cells. Similar synergistic or antagonistic effects were obtained by delivering the peptide into OC cells either by means of a commercial delivery system (SAINT-PhD) or by pH sensitive PEGylated liposomes. Relative to non-PEGylated liposomes, the latter had been previously characterized and found to allow macrophage escape, thus increasing their chance to reach the tumour tissue. The transition from the SAINT-PhD delivery system to the engineered liposomes represents an advancement towards a more drug-like delivery system and a further step towards the use of peptides for in vivo studies. Overall, the results suggest that the association of standard drugs, such as cDDP and/or 5-FU and/or RTX, with the novel peptidic TS inhibitor encapsulated into PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes can represent a promising strategy for fighting resistance to cDDP and anti-hTS drugs.
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28
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Kamal R, Kumar R, Kumar V, Bhardwaj JK, Saraf P, Kumar A, Pandit K, Kaur S, Chetti P, Beura S. Diacetoxy iodobenzene mediated regioselective synthesis and characterization of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines: apoptosis inducer, antiproliferative activities and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4398-4414. [PMID: 32552396 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1777900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prompt and regioselective synthesis of eleven novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines 2a-2k, via intramolecular oxidative-cyclization of 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)-4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidine derivatives 1a-1k has been demonstrated here using diacetoxy iodobenzene (DIB) as inexpensive and ecofriendly hypervalent iodine(III) reagent in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. Regiochemistry of final product has been established by developing single crystal and studied X-ray crystallographic data for two derivatives 2c and 2h without any ambiguity. These prominent [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines were evaluated for human osteosarcoma bone cancer (MG-63) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using MTT assay to find potent antiproliferative agent and also on testicular germ cells to find potent apoptotic inducing activities. All compounds show significant cytotoxicity, particularly 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-7-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine (2g) was found significant apoptotic inducing molecule, as well as the most potent cytotoxic agent against bone cancer (MG-63) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines with GI50 value 148.96 µM and 114.3 µM respectively. Molecular docking studies has been carried out to see the molecular interactions of synthesized compounds with the protein thymidylate synthase (PBD ID: 2G8D).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | | | - Priyanka Saraf
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Satyajit Beura
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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29
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Li XY, Zhang TJ, Kamara MO, Lu GQ, Xu HL, Wang DP, Meng FH. Discovery of N-phenyl-(2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-sulfonamido) phenylurea-based thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor as a novel multi-effects antitumor drugs with minimal toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:532. [PMID: 31296849 PMCID: PMC6624297 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a hot target for tumor chemotherapy, and its inhibitors are an essential direction for anti-tumor drug research. To our knowledge, currently, there are no reported thymidylate synthase inhibitors that could inhibit cancer cell migration. Therefore, for optimal therapeutic purposes, combines our previous reports and findings, we hope to obtain a multi-effects inhibitor. This study according to the principle of flattening we designed and synthesized 18 of N-phenyl-(2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine-5-sulfonamido)phenyl urea derivatives as multi-effects inhibitors. The biological evaluation results showed that target compounds could significantly inhibit the hTS enzyme, BRaf kinase and EGFR kinase activity in vitro, and most of the compounds had excellent anti-cell viability for six cancer cell lines. Notably, the candidate compound L14e (IC50 = 0.67 μM) had the superior anti-cell viability and safety to A549 and H460 cells compared with pemetrexed. Further studies had shown that L14e could cause G1/S phase arrest then induce intrinsic apoptosis. Transwell, western blot, and tube formation results proved that L14e could inhibit the activation of the EGFR signaling pathway, then ultimately achieve the purpose of inhibiting cancer cell migration and angiogenesis in cancer tissues. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacology evaluations of L14e showed significant antitumor activity in A549 cells xenografts with minimal toxicity. All of these results demonstrated that the L14e has the potential for drug discovery as a multi-effects inhibitor and provides a new reference for clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Guo-Qing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Pu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, 110122, Shenyang, China.
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30
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Donner DB, Nakakura EK, Venook AP, Lenz HJ, Zhang W, Hwang J, Bergsland EK, Lin MH, Toriguchi K, Antonia RJ, Warren RS. High thymidylate synthase gene expression predicts poor outcome after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219469. [PMID: 31291332 PMCID: PMC6620013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prognosis after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly variable. Compared to clinicopathologic factors, the use of molecular markers to predict outcome has not been well studied. We investigated the prognostic importance of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression and polymorphisms in patients after resection of HCC. Methods Patients who underwent complete resection of HCC for whom tissue was available were identified. TS gene expression level and polymorphisms were determined in HCC specimens. Prognostic factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. Results The study included 67 patients. In univariate analysis, variables that negatively influenced survival included TNM stage, microvascular invasion, and high TS expression. For the high TS expression group, median survival was 54 months and 5-year actuarial survival was 47%. For the low TS expression group, median survival was not reached and the 5-year actuarial survival was 91%. In multivariate analysis, only high TS expression remained an independent predictor of poor survival (HR = 10.77, 95% CI 1.36–84.91; P = 0.02). TS gene polymorphisms were not associated with TS expression or overall survival. Conclusions High TS expression predicts poor outcome after resection of HCC. Molecular markers might be robust predictors of patient outcome after resection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Donner
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DD); (EN)
| | - Eric K. Nakakura
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DD); (EN)
| | - Alan P. Venook
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jimee Hwang
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Biostatistics Core Facility, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emily K. Bergsland
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Meng Hsun Lin
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kan Toriguchi
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ricardo J. Antonia
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Warren
- Department of Surgery, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Sasikumar G, Arulmozhi S, Ashma A, Sudha A, Askar ali S. Mixed ligand ternary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and their structural characterization, electrochemical, theoretical and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lu GQ, Li XY, Mohamed O K, Wang D, Meng FH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel uracil derivatives bearing 1, 2, 3-triazole moiety as thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors and as potential antitumor drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:282-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Turnbull T, Douglass M, Williamson NH, Howard D, Bhardwaj R, Lawrence M, Paterson DJ, Bezak E, Thierry B, Kempson IM. Cross-Correlative Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Biological Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Radiosensitization. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5077-5090. [PMID: 31009200 PMCID: PMC6546286 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle radiosensitization has been demonstrated well to enhance the effects of radiotherapy, motivate the improvement of therapeutic ratios, and decrease morbidity in cancer treatment. A significant challenge exists in optimizing formulations and translation due to insufficient knowledge of the associated mechanisms, which have historically been limited to physical concepts. Here, we investigated a concept for the role of biological mechanisms. The mere presence of gold nanoparticles led to a down-regulation of thymidylate synthase, important for DNA damage repair in the radioresistant S-phase cells. By developing a cross-correlative methodology to reveal probabilistic gold nanoparticle uptake by cell sub-populations and the associated sensitization as a function of the uptake, a number of revealing observations have been achieved. Surprisingly, for low numbers of nanoparticles, a desensitization action was observed. Sensitization was discovered to preferentially impact S-phase cells, in which impairment of the DNA damage response by the homologous recombination pathway dominates. This small but radioresistant cell population correlates with much greater proliferative ability. Thus, a paradigm is presented whereby enhanced DNA damage is not necessarily due to an increase in the number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) created but can be from a nanoparticle-induced impairment of the damage response by down-regulating repair proteins such as thymidylate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyron Turnbull
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Michael Douglass
- Department of Medical Physics , Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , South Australia 5000 , Australia
- Department of Physics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Nathan H Williamson
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, NICHD , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Douglas Howard
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Richa Bhardwaj
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Mark Lawrence
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , Flinders University , Adelaide , South Australia 5042 , Australia
| | | | - Eva Bezak
- Department of Physics , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Ivan M Kempson
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
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Li Q, Wei L, Lin S, Chen Y, Lin J, Peng J. Synergistic effect of kaempferol and 5‑fluorouracil on the growth of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:728-734. [PMID: 31180555 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy with chemosensitizers can exert synergistic therapeutic effects, reduce toxicity, and delay the induction of drug resistance. In the present study, the antitumor effects were investigated, and the possible underlying mechanisms of kaempferol combined with 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) in colorectal cancer cells were explored. HCT‑8 or HCT‑116 cells were treated with various concentrations of kaempferol and/or 5‑FU for the indicated time‑points. An MTT assay was used to determine cell viability, whereas the synergistic effects were assessed by calculating the combination indices of kaempferol and 5‑FU. Annexin V analysis and Hoechst staining were used to determine cell apoptosis. q‑PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of Bax, Bcl‑2, thymidylate synthase (TS), PTEN, PI3K, AKT, and p‑AKT. The combination of kaempferol and 5‑FU was determined to be more effective in inhibiting cell viability than either of the agents alone. The inhibition of tumors in response to kaempferol and 5‑FU was associated with the reduction in proliferation ability and stimulation of apoptosis. The protein results indicated that kaempferol and 5‑FU could significantly upregulate the expression levels of Bax and downregulate the expression levels of Bcl‑2 and TS. Furthermore, the combination treatment greatly inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting the involvement of this pathway in the synergistic effects. The present study demonstrated that kaempferol has a synergistic effect with 5‑FU by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via suppression of TS or attenuation of p‑Akt activation. The combination of kaempferol and 5‑FU may be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Thymidylate synthase maintains the de-differentiated state of triple negative breast cancers. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2223-2236. [PMID: 30737477 PMCID: PMC6888897 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently boost nucleotide metabolism (NM) to support their increased proliferation, but the consequences of elevated NM on tumor de-differentiation are mostly unexplored. Here, we identified a role for thymidylate synthase (TS), a NM enzyme and established drug target, in cancer cell de-differentiation and investigated its clinical significance in breast cancer (BC). In vitro, TS knockdown increased the population of CD24+ differentiated cells, and attenuated migration and sphere-formation. RNA-seq profiling indicated repression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature genes upon TS knockdown, and TS-deficient cells showed an increased ability to invade and metastasize in vivo, consistent with the occurrence of a partial EMT phenotype. Mechanistically, TS enzymatic activity was found essential for maintenance of the EMT/stem-like state by fueling a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase-dependent pyrimidine catabolism. In patient tissues, TS levels were found significantly higher in poorly differentiated and in triple negative BC, and strongly correlated with worse prognosis. The present study provides the rationale to study in-depth the role of NM at the crossroads of proliferation and differentiation, and depicts new avenues for the design of novel drug combinations for the treatment of BC.
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Khairullina VR, Gimadieva AR, Gerchikov AY, Mustafin AG, Zarudii FS. Quantitative structure-activity relationship of the thymidylate synthase inhibitors of Mus musculus in the series of quinazolin-4-one and quinazolin-4-imine derivatives. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:198-211. [PMID: 30227365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of the 2-methylquinazolin-4-one and quinazolin-4-imine derivatives, well-known antifolate thymidylate synthase (TYMS) inhibitors, has been performed in the range IC50 = 0.4÷380000.0 nmoL/L using the GUSAR 2013 program. Based on the MNA and QNA descriptors using the self-consistent regression, 6 statistically significant consensus models for predicting the IC50 numerical values have been constructed. These models demonstrate high and moderate prognostic accuracies for the training and external validation test sets, respectively. The molecular fragments of TYMS inhibitors regulating their antitumor activity are identified. The obtained data open opportunities for developing novel promising inhibitors of TYMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfiya R Gimadieva
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | | | - Akhat G Mustafin
- Bashkir State University, 32 Z. Validi str., Ufa, 450076, Russian Federation; Ufa Institute of Chemistry - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Felix S Zarudii
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenina str, Ufa, 450000, Russian Federation
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El-Mesallamy HO, El Magdoub HM, Chapman JM, Hamdy NM, Schaalan MF, Hammad LN, Berger SH. Biomolecular study of human thymidylate synthase conformer-selective inhibitors: New chemotherapeutic approach. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538414 PMCID: PMC5851609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a well-validated target for the therapy of adult cancers. Propane-1,3-diphosphonic acid (PDPA) has significant inhibitory properties against human thymidylate synthase (hTS) relative to mouse TS which is not predicted to adopt an inactive conformer. The current research aims to identify novel, lead inhibitors of hTS and examine the prediction that they bind selectively to hTS enzymes existing in different conformational equilibria. Conformer-selectivity was evaluated through performing activity inhibition studies, as well as intrinsic fluorescence (IF) studies in comparison to the known orthosteric inhibitor raltitrexed (RTX). Human TS was isolated from recombinant bacteria expressing either native hTS, capable of conformational switching, or an actively stabilized mutant (R163K-hTS). The examined test compounds were rationally or virtually predicted to have inhibitory activity against hTS. Among these compounds, glutarate, N-(4-carboxyphenyl) succinamic acid, and diglycolic anhydride showed higher selectivity towards native hTS as compared to R163K-hTS. The active site inhibitor RTX showed significantly higher inhibition of R163K-hTS relative to hTS. Targeting hTS via conformational selectivity represents a future approach for overcoming reported resistance towards active-state TS analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala O. El-Mesallamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Sham University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Hekmat M. El Magdoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - James M. Chapman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Sham University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona F. Schaalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa N. Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sondra H. Berger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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Kang M, Zheng W, Chen Q, Qin W, Li P, Huang S, Zhou Y, Wang L, Cai H, Lu W, Jiang B, Guo Q, Chen J, Wan D, Rao J, Wu Y. Thymidylate synthase prompts metastatic progression through the dTMP associated EMT process in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:40-52. [PMID: 29331423 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a fundamental metabolic enzyme, anti-Thymidylate synthase (TS) strategy has been shown to be an effective therapy for human cancers. However, the genuine effects of TS in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) are still conflicting. We systemically assessed the prognostic value and whether TS associated with malignant progression in PDA. Protein and mRNA expression level of TS were evaluated in en bloc PDA samples, the prognostic effect of TS expressed in cytoplasm or cytonuclear was determined separately in the first time. The impact of TS on tumor cell behaviors was assessed in in vitro assays, and the TS associated metastatic potential was further determined in two different PDA metastatic models. The retrospective clinical analysis firstly demonstrated that tumor cytonuclear TS expression was positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis and negatively correlated with the overall survival (OS) in PDA patients. The subsequent experiments further confirmed that TS depletion can effectively abate EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal) process in in vitro and decline most of the metastatic lesions in two different PDA mice models, and the deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) biosynthesis malfunction resulted imbalanced dNTP pools may be the fundamental causation. Collectively, the present study suggested the prospective strategy of combined anti-TS scheme for metastatic PDA, and we strongly suggest further clinical standardization research with a large cohort to verify the prognostic value and the therapeutic potential of TS in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxing Kang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wenjie Qin
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 420052, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Pengping Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Shifei Huang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yizhao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Lantian Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqu Guo
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Dylan Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
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Siddiqui A, Vazakidou ME, Schwab A, Napoli F, Fernandez-Molina C, Rapa I, Stemmler MP, Volante M, Brabletz T, Ceppi P. Thymidylate synthase is functionally associated with ZEB1 and contributes to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. J Pathol 2017; 242:221-233. [PMID: 28337746 DOI: 10.1002/path.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a fundamental enzyme of nucleotide metabolism and one of the oldest anti-cancer targets. Beginning from the analysis of gene array data from the NCI-60 panel of cancer cell lines, we identified a significant correlation at both gene and protein level between TS and the markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a developmental process that allows cancer cells to acquire features of aggressiveness, like motility and chemoresistance. TS levels were found to be significantly augmented in mesenchymal-like compared to epithelial-like cancer cells, to be regulated by EMT induction, and to negatively correlate with micro-RNAs (miRNAs) usually expressed in epithelial-like cells and known to actively suppress EMT. Transfection of EMT-suppressing miRNAs reduced TS levels, and a specific role for miR-375 in targeting the TS 3'-untranslated region was identified. A particularly relevant association was found between TS and the powerful EMT driver ZEB1, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of which up-regulated miR-375 and reduced TS cellular levels. The TS-ZEB1 association was confirmed in clinical specimens from lung tumours and in a genetic mouse model of pancreatic cancer with ZEB1 deletion. Interestingly, TS itself appeared to have a regulatory role in EMT in cancer cells, as TS knockdown could directly reduce the EMT phenotype, the migratory ability of cells, the expression of stem-like markers, and chemoresistance. Taken together, these data indicate that the TS enzyme is functionally linked with EMT and cancer differentiation, with several potential translational implications. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarif Siddiqui
- Junior Research Group 1, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Eleni Vazakidou
- Junior Research Group 1, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schwab
- Junior Research Group 1, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Napoli
- Junior Research Group 1, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Molina
- Junior Research Group 1, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ida Rapa
- Pathology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Volante
- Pathology Unit, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Junior Research Group 1, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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40
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Marques D, Ferreira-Costa LR, Ferreira-Costa LL, Correa RDS, Borges AMP, Ito FR, Ramos CCDO, Bortolin RH, Luchessi AD, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Santos S, Silbiger VN. Association of insertion-deletions polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk and clinical features. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6854-6867. [PMID: 29085228 PMCID: PMC5645618 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between 16 insertion-deletions (INDEL) polymorphisms, colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and clinical features in an admixed population.
METHODS One hundred and forty patients with CRC and 140 cancer-free subjects were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Polymorphisms and genomic ancestry distribution were assayed by Multiplex-PCR reaction, separated by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer instrument and analyzed on GeneMapper ID v3.2. Clinicopathological data were obtained by consulting the patients’ clinical charts, intra-operative documentation, and pathology scoring.
RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that polymorphism variations in IL4 gene was associated with increased CRC risk, while TYMS and UCP2 genes were associated with decreased risk. Reference to anatomical localization of tumor Del allele of NFKB1 and CASP8 were associated with more colon related incidents than rectosigmoid. In relation to the INDEL association with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage risk, the Ins alleles of ACE, HLAG and TP53 (6 bp INDEL) were associated with higher TNM stage. Furthermore, regarding INDEL association with relapse risk, the Ins alleles of ACE, HLAG, and UGT1A1 were associated with early relapse risk, as well as the Del allele of TYMS. Regarding INDEL association with death risk before 10 years, the Ins allele of SGSM3 and UGT1A1 were associated with death risk.
CONCLUSION The INDEL variations in ACE, UCP2, TYMS, IL4, NFKB1, CASP8, TP53, HLAG, UGT1A1, and SGSM3 were associated with CRC risk and clinical features in an admixed population. These data suggest that this cancer panel might be useful as a complementary tool for better clinical management, and more studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marques
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-080, Pará, Brazil
| | - Layse Raynara Ferreira-Costa
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lorenna Larissa Ferreira-Costa
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Romualdo da Silva Correa
- Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Aline Maciel Pinheiro Borges
- Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Ito
- Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cesar de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratório de Patologia e Citopatologia, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - André Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-080, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-080, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Vincent
- The University of Western Ontario − Oncology; Ontario; Canada
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42
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Li J, Kim S, Shields AF, Douglas KA, McHugh CI, Lawhorn-Crews JM, Wu J, Mangner TJ, LoRusso PM. Integrating Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography and Conventional Pharmacokinetic Studies to Delineate Plasma and Tumor Pharmacokinetics of FAU, a Prodrug Bioactivated by Thymidylate Synthase. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56:1433-1447. [PMID: 27095537 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
FAU, a pyrimidine nucleotide analogue, is a prodrug bioactivated by intracellular thymidylate synthase to form FMAU, which is incorporated into DNA, causing cell death. This study presents a model-based approach to integrating dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) and conventional plasma pharmacokinetic studies to characterize the plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of FAU and FMAU. Twelve cancer patients were enrolled into a phase 1 study, where conventional plasma pharmacokinetic evaluation of therapeutic FAU (50-1600 mg/m2 ) and dynamic PET assessment of 18 F-FAU were performed. A parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic model was developed to simultaneously fit PET-derived tissue data and conventional plasma pharmacokinetic data. The developed model enabled separation of PET-derived total tissue concentrations into the parent drug and metabolite components. The model provides quantitative, mechanistic insights into the bioactivation of FAU and retention of FMAU in normal and tumor tissues and has potential utility to predict tumor responsiveness to FAU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Seongho Kim
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kirk A Douglas
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher I McHugh
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jawana M Lawhorn-Crews
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jianmei Wu
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Mangner
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Jarmuła A, Wilk P, Maj P, Ludwiczak J, Dowierciał A, Banaszak K, Rypniewski W, Cieśla J, Dąbrowska M, Frączyk T, Bronowska AK, Jakowiecki J, Filipek S, Rode W. Crystal structures of nematode (parasitic T. spiralis and free living C. elegans), compared to mammalian, thymidylate synthases (TS). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in search for nematode-specific inhibitors of TS. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:33-50. [PMID: 28826032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three crystal structures are presented of nematode thymidylate synthases (TS), including Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce) enzyme without ligands and its ternary complex with dUMP and Raltitrexed, and binary complex of Trichinella spiralis (Ts) enzyme with dUMP. In search of differences potentially relevant for the development of species-specific inhibitors of the nematode enzyme, a comparison was made of the present Ce and Ts enzyme structures, as well as binary complex of Ce enzyme with dUMP, with the corresponding mammalian (human, mouse and rat) enzyme crystal structures. To complement the comparison, tCONCOORD computations were performed to evaluate dynamic behaviors of mammalian and nematode TS structures. Finally, comparative molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics and free energy of binding calculations were carried out to search for ligands showing selective affinity to T. spiralis TS. Despite an overall strong similarity in structure and dynamics of nematode vs mammalian TSs, a pool of ligands demonstrating predictively a strong and selective binding to TsTS has been delimited. These compounds, the E63 family, locate in the dimerization interface of TsTS where they exert species-specific interactions with certain non-conserved residues, including hydrogen bonds with Thr174 and hydrophobic contacts with Phe192, Cys191 and Tyr152. The E63 family of ligands opens the possibility of future development of selective inhibitors of TsTS and effective agents against trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jarmuła
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland; Macromolecular Crystallography (BESSY-MX), Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Maj
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan Ludwiczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Dowierciał
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Banaszak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rypniewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Cieśla
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dąbrowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Wojciech Rode
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Abu Lila AS, Moriyoshi N, Fukushima M, Huang CL, Wada H, Ishida T. Metronomic S-1 dosing and thymidylate synthase silencing have synergistic antitumor efficacy in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:223-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Miran T, Vogg ATJ, El Moussaoui L, Kaiser HJ, Drude N, von Felbert V, Mottaghy FM, Morgenroth A. Dual addressing of thymidine synthesis pathways for effective targeting of proliferating melanoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1639-1651. [PMID: 28608446 PMCID: PMC5504322 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examined the potential of blocking the thymidine de novo synthesis pathways for sensitizing melanoma cells to the nucleoside salvage pathway targeting endogenous DNA irradiation. Expression of key nucleotide synthesis and proliferation enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) was evaluated in differentiated (MITFhigh [microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor] IGR1) and invasive (MITFmediumIGR37) melanoma cells. For inhibition of de novo pathways cells were incubated either with an irreversible TS inhibitor 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine (FdUrd) or with a competitive dihydrofolate‐reductase (DHFR) inhibitor methotrexate (MTX). Salvage pathway was addressed by irradiation‐emitting thymidine analog [123/125I]‐5‐iodo‐4′‐thio‐2′‐deoxyuridine (123/125I‐ITdU). The in vivo targeting efficiency was visualized by single‐photon emission computed tomography. Pretreatment with FdUrd strongly increased the cellular uptake and the DNA incorporation of 125I‐ITdU into the mitotically active IGR37 cells. This effect was less pronounced in the differentiated IGR1 cells. In vivo, inhibition of TS led to a high and preferential accumulation of 123I‐ITdU in tumor tissue. This preclinical study presents profound rationale for development of therapeutic approach by highly efficient and selective radioactive targeting one of the crucial salvage pathways in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Miran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Andreas T J Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Laila El Moussaoui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kaiser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Verena von Felbert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 30 Pauwelsstrasse, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Tanaka A, Okada K, Saito G, Miyakita H, Ogimi T, Nagase H. Gene expression levels of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in tumor tissues may be a useful biomarker for the proper use of S-1 and tegafur-uracil/leucovorin in preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:1077-1085. [PMID: 28417167 PMCID: PMC5438825 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for rectal cancer. The effect of additional chemotherapy during the period between the completion of radiotherapy and surgery remains unclear. Predictive factors for CRT may differ between combination chemotherapy with S-1 and with tegafur-uracil/leucovorin (UFT/LV). Methods The subjects were 54 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received preoperative CRT with S-1 or UFT/LV. The pathological tumor response was assessed according to the tumor regression grade (TRG). The expression levels of 18 CRT-related genes were determined using RT-PCR assay. Results A pathological response (TRG 1-2) was observed in 23 patients (42.6%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis for pathological response, the overall expression levels of four genes, HIF1A, MTHFD1, GGH and TYMS, were significant, and the accuracy rate of the predictive model was 83.3%. The effects of the gene expression levels of GGH on the response differed significantly according to the treatment regimen. The total pathological response rate of both high-GGH patients in the S-1 group and low-GGH patients in the UFT/LV group was 58.3%. Conclusion Additional treatment with 5-FU-based chemotherapy during the interval between radiotherapy and surgery is not beneficial in patients who have received 5-FU-based CRT. The expression levels of four genes, HIF1A, MTHFD1, GGH and TYMS, in tumor tissues can predict the response to preoperative CRT including either S-1 or UFT/LV. In particular, the gene expression level of GGH in tumor tissues may be a useful biomarker for the appropriate use of S-1 and UFT/LV in CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Sadahiro
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - A Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - K Okada
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - G Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - H Miyakita
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - T Ogimi
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - H Nagase
- Applied Pharmacology Lab., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Ebisuno Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0194, Japan
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Schwarzfischer P, Reinders J, Dettmer K, Kleo K, Dimitrova L, Hummel M, Feist M, Kube D, Szczepanowski M, Klapper W, Taruttis F, Engelmann JC, Spang R, Gronwald W, Oefner PJ. Comprehensive Metaboproteomics of Burkitt's and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines and Primary Tumor Tissues Reveals Distinct Differences in Pyruvate Content and Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1105-1120. [PMID: 28161958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are pathologically and clinically distinct subtypes of aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. To learn more about their biology, we employed metabolomic and proteomic methods to study both established cell lines as well as cryopreserved and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of BL and DLBCL. Strikingly, NMR analyses revealed DLBCL cell lines to produce and secrete significantly (padj = 1.72 × 10-22) more pyruvic acid than BL cell lines. This finding could be reproduced by targeted GC/MS analyses of cryopreserved tissue sections of BL and DLBCL cases. Enrichment analysis of an overlapping set of N = 2315 proteins, that had been quantified by nanoLC-SWATH-MS in BL and DLBCL cultured cells and cryosections, supported the observed difference in pyruvic acid content, as glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism were downregulated, while one-carbon metabolism was upregulated in BL compared to DLBCL. Furthermore, 92.1% of the overlapping significant proteins showed the same direction of regulation in cryopreserved and FFPE material. Proteome data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004936.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karsten Kleo
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin , Campus Benjamin Franklin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lora Dimitrova
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin , Campus Benjamin Franklin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin , Campus Benjamin Franklin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Feist
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen , 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen , 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Monika Szczepanowski
- Institute of Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University Kiel , 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institute of Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University Kiel , 24118 Kiel, Germany
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48
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Wei J, Yang P, Li W, He F, Zeng S, Zhang T, Zhong J, Huang D, Chen Z, Wang C, Chen H, Hu H, Cao J. Gambogic acid potentiates the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:662-668. [PMID: 28352348 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for colorectal cancer (CRC) has low specificity and response rates, leading to severe side effects. Gambogic acid (GA), a traditional Chinese medicine, has multi-targeted anticancer effects, including growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. However, it is unclear whether a combination of 5-FU and GA has synergistic anticancer effects in CRC cells. In this study, SW480 and HCT116 human CRC cells and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were treated with different concentrations of 5-FU, GA or 5-FU+GA. A Cell Counting kit-8 assay was conducted to quantify cell proliferation. The combination index (CI) was calculated and the median-effect principle was applied to analyze the interaction between 5-FU and GA. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were applied to measure P53, survivin and thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA and protein levels. It was found that 5-FU+GA more pronouncedly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis, compared with either monotherapy. CI values <1 indicated the synergistic effects of the drugs. 5-FU+GA further decreased P53, survivin and TS mRNA and protein levels in the two CRC cell lines compared with single drugs, whereas increased P53 protein levels were observed in HCT116 cells. Moreover, 5-FU+GA did not increase cytotoxicity to IECs. These results demonstrate that GA enhances the anticancer effects of 5-FU on CRC cells. Combined treatment with 5-FU and GA is effective and safe for CRC cells, and may become a promising chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Feng He
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Shanqi Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Junbin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Zhuanpeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Chengxing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, P.R. China
| | - Huacui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - He Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Schelhaas S, Heinzmann K, Bollineni VR, Kramer GM, Liu Y, Waterton JC, Aboagye EO, Shields AF, Soloviev D, Jacobs AH. Preclinical Applications of 3'-Deoxy-3'-[ 18F]Fluorothymidine in Oncology - A Systematic Review. Theranostics 2017; 7:40-50. [PMID: 28042315 PMCID: PMC5196884 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) has been proposed to measure cell proliferation non-invasively in vivo. Hence, it should provide valuable information for response assessment to tumor therapies. To date, [18F]FLT uptake has found limited use as a response biomarker in clinical trials in part because a better understanding is needed of the determinants of [18F]FLT uptake and therapy-induced changes of its retention in the tumor. In this systematic review of preclinical [18F]FLT studies, comprising 174 reports, we identify the factors governing [18F]FLT uptake in tumors, among which thymidine kinase 1 plays a primary role. The majority of publications (83 %) report that decreased [18F]FLT uptake reflects the effects of anticancer therapies. 144 times [18F]FLT uptake was related to changes in proliferation as determined by ex vivo analyses. Of these approaches, 77 % describe a positive relation, implying a good concordance of tracer accumulation and tumor biology. These preclinical data indicate that [18F]FLT uptake holds promise as an imaging biomarker for response assessment in clinical studies. Understanding of the parameters which influence cellular [18F]FLT uptake and retention as well as the mechanism of changes induced by therapy is essential for successful implementation of this PET tracer. Hence, our systematic review provides the background for the use of [18F]FLT in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vikram R Bollineni
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerbrand M Kramer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Liu
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Eric O Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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50
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Angulo-Ibáñez M, Rovira-Clavé X, Granados-Jaén A, Downs B, Kim YC, Wang SM, Reina M, Espel E. Erk5 contributes to maintaining the balance of cellular nucleotide levels and erythropoiesis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3864-76. [PMID: 26697837 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate supply of nucleotides is essential for accurate DNA replication, and inappropriate deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations can lead to replication stress, a common source of DNA damage, genomic instability and tumourigenesis. Here, we provide evidence that Erk5 is necessary for correct nucleotide supply during erythroid development. Mice with Erk5 knockout in the haematopoietic lineage showed impaired erythroid development in bone marrow, accompanied by altered dNTP levels and increased DNA mutagenesis in erythroid progenitors as detected by exome sequencing. Moreover, Erk5-depleted leukemic Jurkat cells presented a marked sensitivity to thymidine-induced S phase stalling, as evidenced by increased H2AX phosphorylation and apoptosis. The increase in thymidine sensitivity correlated with a higher dTTP/dCTP ratio. These results indicate that Erk5 is necessary to maintain the balance of nucleotide levels, thus preventing dNTP misincorporation and DNA damage in proliferative erythroid progenitors and leukemic Jurkat T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angulo-Ibáñez
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Celltec-UB; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Xavier Rovira-Clavé
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Celltec-UB; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Alba Granados-Jaén
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Celltec-UB; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Bradley Downs
- b University of Nebraska Medical Center; Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE USA
| | - Yeong C Kim
- b University of Nebraska Medical Center; Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE USA
| | - San Ming Wang
- b University of Nebraska Medical Center; Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE USA
| | - Manuel Reina
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Celltec-UB; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric Espel
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Celltec-UB; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain.,c Department of Physiology and Immunology ; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona ; Spain
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