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Ebright B, Yu Z, Dave P, Dikeman D, Hamm-Alvarez S, de Paiva CS, Louie S. Effects of age on lacrimal gland bioactive lipids. Ocul Surf 2024; 33:64-73. [PMID: 38705236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a source of bioactive lipids regulating inflammation and its resolution. METHODS Changes in PUFA metabolism were compared between lacrimal glands (LGs) from young and aged C57BL/6 J mice using a targeted lipidomics assay, as was the gene expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism of these lipids. RESULTS Global reduction in PUFAs and their metabolites was observed in aged LGs compared to young controls, averaging between 25 and 66 % across all analytes. ꞷ-6 arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites were all reduced in aged LGs, where the changes in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) were statistically significant. Several other 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated metabolites were significantly reduced in the aged LGs, including D-series resolvins (e.g., RvD4, RvD5, and RvD6). Along with the RvDs, several ꞷ-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolites such as 14-HDHA, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), Maresin 2 (MaR2), and MaR 1 metabolite (22-COOH-MaR1) were significantly reduced in aged LGs. Similarly, ꞷ-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites were significantly reduced in aged LGs, where the most significantly reduced was 18-HEPE. Using metabolite ratios (product:precursor) for specific metabolic conversions as surrogate enzymatic measures, reduced 12-LOX activity was identified in aged LGs. CONCLUSION In this study, global reduction of PUFAs and their metabolites was found in the LGs of aged female C57BL/6 J compared to young controls. A consistent reduction was observed across all detected lipid analytes except for ꞷ-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and its special pro-resolving mediator (SPM) metabolites in aged mice, suggesting an increased risk for LG inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ebright
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Priyal Dave
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
| | - Dante Dikeman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
| | - Sarah Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stan Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
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2
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Huang D, Jiao X, Huang S, Liu J, Si H, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Wang Y, Li Z. Analysis of the heterogeneity and complexity of murine extraorbital lacrimal gland via single-cell RNA sequencing. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:60-95. [PMID: 38945476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lacrimal gland is essential for maintaining ocular surface health and avoiding external damage by secreting an aqueous layer of the tear film. However, a healthy lacrimal gland's inventory of cell types and heterogeneity remains understudied. METHODS Here, 10X Genome-based single-cell RNA sequencing was used to generate an unbiased classification of cellular diversity in the extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) of C57BL/6J mice. From 43,850 high-quality cells, we produced an atlas of cell heterogeneity and defined cell types using classic marker genes. The possible functions of these cells were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, the CellChat was employed for a preliminary analysis of the cell-cell communication network in the ELG. RESULTS Over 37 subclasses of cells were identified, including seven types of glandular epithelial cells, three types of fibroblasts, ten types of myeloid-derived immune cells, at least eleven types of lymphoid-derived immune cells, and five types of vascular-associated cell subsets. The cell-cell communication network analysis revealed that fibroblasts and immune cells play a pivotal role in the dense intercellular communication network within the mouse ELG. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive transcriptome atlas and related database of the mouse ELG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yimian Wang
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Tsai CY, Hong C, Hsu MY, Lai TT, Huang CW, Lu CY, Chen WL, Cheng CM. Fluorescence-based reagent and spectrum-based optical reader for lactoferrin detection in tears: differentiating Sjögren's syndrome from non-Sjögren's dry eye syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14505. [PMID: 38914667 PMCID: PMC11196714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of an early biomarker and effective testing device to differentiate dry eye disease secondary to autoimmune disease (Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease) from non-Sjögren's dry eye disease are prerequisites for appropriate treatment. We aimed to demonstrate the capacity of a new photo-detection device to evaluate tear lactoferrin levels as a tool for differentiating systemic conditions associated with dry eye disease. Patients with non-Sjögren's and Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease (n = 54 and n = 52, respectively) and controls (n = 11) were enrolled. All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Tear collection was performed with Schirmer test, and tear break-up time was examined using a slit lamp. Tear lactoferrin was evaluated using our newly developed photo-detection device. The average lactoferrin concentration was significantly lower in samples from patients with non-Sjögren's dry eye disease (0.337 ± 0.227 mg/mL, n = 54) and Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease (0.087 ± 0.010 mg/mL, n = 52) than in control samples (1.272 ± 0.54 mg/mL, n = 11) (p < 0.0001). Further, lactoferrin levels were lower in patients with Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease than in those with non-Sjögren's dry eye disease (p < 0.001). Our cost-effective, antibody-free, highly sensitive photo-detection device for evaluating tear lactoferrin levels can assist ophthalmologists in differentiating different types of dry eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Min-Yen Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Ting Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd., East Dist., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Choi M, Toscano C, Edman MC, de Paiva CS, Hamm-Alvarez SF. The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38829671 PMCID: PMC11156205 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Loss of function of the lacrimal gland (LG), which produces the aqueous tear film, is implicated in age-related dry eye. To better understand this deterioration, we evaluated changes in lipid metabolism and inflammation in LGs from an aging model. Methods LG sections from female C57BL/6J mice of different ages (young, 2-3 months; intermediate, 10-14 months; old, ≥24 months) were stained with Oil Red-O or Toluidine blue to detect lipids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blotting of LG lysates determined differences in the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism. A photobleaching protocol to quench age-related autofluorescence was used in LG sections to evaluate changes in immunofluorescence associated with NPC1, NPC2, CTSL, and macrophages (F4/80, CD11b) with age using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results Old LGs showed increased lipids prominent in basal aggregates in acinar cells and in extra-acinar sites. LG gene expression of Npc1, Npc2, Lipa, and Mcoln2, encoding proteins involved in lipid metabolism, was increased with age. NPC1 was also significantly increased in old LGs by western blotting. In photobleached LG sections, confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL immunofluorescence showed age-associated enrichment in macrophages labeled to detect F4/80. Although mononuclear macrophages were detectable in LG at all ages, this novel multinucleate macrophage population containing NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL and enriched in F4/80 and some CD11b was increased with age at extra-acinar sites. Conclusions Lipid-metabolizing proteins enriched in F4/80-positive multinucleated macrophages are increased in old LGs adjacent to sites of lipid deposition in acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cindy Toscano
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Sampige R, Ong J, Waisberg E, Berdahl J, Lee AG. Accelerated aging in space and the ocular surface. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03143-9. [PMID: 38789786 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sampige
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Gleixner S, Zahn I, Dietrich J, Singh S, Drobny A, Schneider Y, Schwendner R, Socher E, Blavet N, Bräuer L, Gostian AO, Balk M, Schulze-Tanzil G, Günther C, Paulsen F, Arnold P. A New Immortalized Human Lacrimal Gland Cell Line. Cells 2024; 13:622. [PMID: 38607061 PMCID: PMC11011892 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is crucial for maintaining ocular health by producing the aqueous component of the tear film, which hydrates and nourishes the ocular surface. Decreased production of this component results in dry eye disease, a condition affecting over 250 million people worldwide. However, the scarcity of primary human material for studying its underlying mechanisms and the absence of a cell model for human lacrimal gland epithelial cells present significant challenges. Here, we describe the generation of immortalized human lacrimal gland cell lines through the introduction of an SV40 antigen. We successfully isolated and characterized three cell clones from a female lacrimal gland donor, confirming their epithelial identity through genomic and protein analyses, including PCR, RNAseq, immunofluorescence and cultivation in a 3D spheroid model. Our findings represent a significant advancement, providing improved accessibility to investigate the molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of dry eye disease and potential therapeutic interventions. We identified the expression of typical epithelial cell marker genes and demonstrated the cells' capability to form 2D cell sheets and 3D spheroids. This establishment of immortalized human lacrimal gland cells with epithelial characteristics holds promise for future comprehensive studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of dry eye disease and its cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gleixner
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Zahn
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Swati Singh
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
- Hariram Motumal Nasta & Renu Hariram Nasta Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphael Schwendner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Bräuer
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Merciful Brothers Hospital St. Elisabeth, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Balk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.G.)
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Ueno K, Shirakawa Y, Uemura K, Kumegawa S, Wada Y, Asamura S. Surgical results of retroauricular fascia graft in frontalis suspension surgery: A case series study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 88:266-272. [PMID: 38016263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Frontalis suspension surgery is commonly used for the repair of congenital ptosis and involutional blepharoptosis with poor levator function. Grafts for this procedure have been developed using a variety of different materials, each with advantages and disadvantages. The retroauricular fascia graft might be beneficial in this surgery. This article reports the surgical results of blepharoptosis, who were treated with the retroauricular fascia, which is a new autologous graft for the frontalis suspension technique. This case series study targeted patients with ptosis who underwent frontalis suspension surgery with the retroauricular fascia graft at Wakayama Medical University in Japan between May 2016 and May 2023. Patients with insufficient follow-up (<6 months) were excluded from the study. Eligible patients were categorized into one of the following three assessment groups: "good" (improvement of palpebral fissure height without laterality, Margin reflex distance-1 gap between right and left side <0.5 mm), "fair" (improvement of palpebral fissure height with laterality), or "poor" (poor improvement of palpebral fissure height). Thirty-five eyes in 25 patients were treated with the retroauricular fascia graft. The mean postoperative follow-up was 27 months. Eight patients were classified as good (32%), 15 as fair (60%), and two as poor (8%). Two patients (8%) had postoperative lagophthalmos. No patients had eyelash inversion, tarsal deformity, or recurrence of ptosis. Scars along the edge of the hairline were inconspicuous and there were no hypertrophic scars. Functional reconstruction of the eyelids using the retroauricular fascia graft technique is described here for the first time. This grafting technique may be a useful alternative for frontalis suspension surgery because it can be harvested with easy access and without leaving conspicuous scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ueno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Yuji Shirakawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uemura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Wada
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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8
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Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102967. [PMID: 38006824 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly exposed to oxidative stress because of its permanent exposure to light and due to several structures having high metabolic activities. The anterior part of the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and possesses a complex antioxidant defense system to protect the retina from UV radiation. The posterior part of the eye exhibits high metabolic rates and oxygen consumption leading subsequently to a high production rate of ROS. Furthermore, inflammation, aging, genetic factors, and environmental pollution, are all elements promoting ROS generation and impairing antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby representing risk factors leading to oxidative stress. An abnormal redox status was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases to provide an updated understanding on the pathogenesis of common diseases affecting the ocular surface, the lens, the retina, and the optic nerve. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tarek Safi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Moreno I, Verma S, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Recent advances in age-related meibomian gland dysfunction (ARMGD). Ocul Surf 2023; 30:298-306. [PMID: 37979775 PMCID: PMC11092925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Meibomian glands (MGs), located within the tarsal plate of the eyelid, secrete meibum which is the lipid-rich secretion necessary for stabilizing the tear film and preventing tear evaporation. Changes in the quality and quantity of meibum produced causes MG dysfunction (MGD), the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (EDED). MGD is an underdiagnosed disease and it is estimated that, in the US, approximately 70 % of the population over 60 have MGD. Three forms of MGD occur based on their meibum secretion: hyposecretory, obstructive, and hypersecretory MGD. The pathophysiology of MGD remains poorly understood, however aging is the primary risk factor. With age, MGs undergo various age-related changes, including decreased acinar basal cell proliferation, hyperkeratinization, MG atrophy, and eventual MG drop-out, leading to age-related MGD (ARMGD). Additionally, studies have suggested that MGs can suffer inflammatory cell infiltration and changes innervation patterns with aging, which could also contribute towards ARMGD. This review focuses on how the aging process affects the MG, and more importantly, how age-related changes to the MG can lead to MG atrophy and MG drop-out, ultimately leading to ARMGD. This review also highlights the most recent developments in potential therapeutic interventions for ARMGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Liu J, Si H, Huang D, Lu D, Zou S, Qi D, Pei X, Huang S, Li Z. Mechanisms of Extraorbital Lacrimal Gland Aging in Mice: An Integrative Analysis of the Temporal Transcriptome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 37695604 PMCID: PMC10501490 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study used high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the altered transcriptome profile of aging lacrimal glands in mice that occurs over the course of a 24-hour cycle. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice aged 12 weeks (young) and 20 months (aging) were housed in a pathogen-free setting with a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. Throughout a 24-hour cycle, mouse extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs) were collected at eight time points at three-hour intervals. To prepare for the high-throughput RNA-Seq, whole mRNA was extracted. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the young and aging groups were subjected to bioinformatic analysis based on diurnal patterns. Furthermore, the cell populations in which significant DEGs express and signaling pathways occur were validated at the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) level. Results The total transcriptome composition was significantly altered in aging ELGs compared with that in young mouse ELGs at eight time points during the 24-hour cycle, with 864 upregulated and 228 downregulated DEGs, which were primarily enriched in inflammatory pathways. Further comparative analysis of the point-to-point transcriptome revealed that aging ELGs underwent alterations in the temporal transcriptome profile in several pathways, including the inflammation-related, metabolism-related, mitochondrial bioenergetic function-associated, synaptome neural activity-associated, cell processes-associated, DNA processing-associated and fibrosis-associated pathways. Most of these pathways occurred separately in distinct cell populations. Conclusions Transcriptome profiles of aging lacrimal glands undergo considerable diurnal time-dependent changes; this finding offers a comprehensive source of information to better understand the pathophysiology of lacrimal gland aging and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duliurui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Jones L, Efron N, Bandamwar K, Barnett M, Jacobs DS, Jalbert I, Pult H, Rhee MK, Sheardown H, Shovlin JP, Stahl U, Stanila A, Tan J, Tavazzi S, Ucakhan OO, Willcox MDP, Downie LE. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of contact lenses on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:175-219. [PMID: 37149139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lifestyle choices made by contact lens wearers can have adverse consequences on ocular health. These include being non-adherent to contact lens care, sleeping in lenses, ill-advised purchasing options, not seeing an eyecare professional for regular aftercare visits, wearing lenses when feeling unwell, wearing lenses too soon after various forms of ophthalmic surgery, and wearing lenses when engaged in risky behaviors (e.g., when using tobacco, alcohol or recreational drugs). Those with a pre-existing compromised ocular surface may find that contact lens wear exacerbates ocular disease morbidity. Conversely, contact lenses may have various therapeutic benefits. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impinged upon the lifestyle of contact lens wearers, introducing challenges such as mask-associated dry eye, contact lens discomfort with increased use of digital devices, inadvertent exposure to hand sanitizers, and reduced use of lenses. Wearing contact lenses in challenging environments, such as in the presence of dust and noxious chemicals, or where there is the possibility of ocular trauma (e.g., sport or working with tools) can be problematic, although in some instances lenses can be protective. Contact lenses can be worn for sport, theatre, at high altitude, driving at night, in the military and in space, and special considerations are required when prescribing in such situations to ensure successful outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis, incorporated within the review, identified that the influence of lifestyle factors on soft contact lens dropout remains poorly understood, and is an area in need of further research. Overall, this report investigated lifestyle-related choices made by clinicians and contact lens wearers and discovered that when appropriate lifestyle choices are made, contact lens wear can enhance the quality of life of wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kalika Bandamwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Barnett
- University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah S Jacobs
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heiko Pult
- Dr Heiko Pult Optometry & Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | | | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ulli Stahl
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Tan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Ying GS, Asbell PA, Bunya VY. Age Associations with Dry Eye Clinical Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100270. [PMID: 36846104 PMCID: PMC9950493 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate how increasing age is associated with dry eye disease (DED) signs and symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study. This study was undertaken to better understand how DED signs and symptoms differ across decades of life with goals to help assess detection and treatment of DED. Design Secondary analysis of the DREAM study. Subjects One hundred twenty, 140, 185, and 90 participants aged < 50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and ≥ 70 years, respectively. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from the DREAM study, a multicenter randomized clinical trial, to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of DED. At baseline, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up, participants underwent an assessment of DED symptoms and signs using Ocular Surface Disease Index, Brief Pain Inventory, tear break-up time (TBUT) (in seconds), Schirmer test with anesthesia (mm/5 minutes), conjunctival staining, corneal staining, meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation, and tear osmolarity (mOsm/l). Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to compare DED symptoms and signs across the 4 age groups among all participants and by sex. Main Outcome Measures Scores of DED symptoms, individual signs, and composite scores of DED signs. Results Among 535 patients with DED, increasing age was significantly associated with worse TBUT (P = 0.01), corneal staining (P < 0.001), a composite severity score of DED signs (P = 0.007), and tear osmolarity (P = 0.001). Similar significant differences were found across 4 age groups of 334 women in TBUT, corneal staining score, composite severity score of DED signs, and tear osmolarity (all P < 0.05) but not in men. Conclusion We found that corneal staining, TBUT, tear osmolarity, and a composite severity score of DED signs were significantly more severe with increasing age in women but not in men; worsening symptoms did not increase with increasing age. Financial Disclosures The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Zhao
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gui-shuang Ying
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Penny A. Asbell
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vatinee Y. Bunya
- Correspondence: Vatinee Y. Bunya, MD, MSCE, Scheie Eye Institute, 51 N 39th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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13
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Pei X, Qi D, Liu J, Si H, Huang S, Zou S, Lu D, Li Z. Screening marker genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mouse lacrimal gland by LASSO regression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6862. [PMID: 37100872 PMCID: PMC10133337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative deficiency of insulin. This study aims to screen T2DM-related maker genes in the mouse extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) by LASSO regression.C57BLKS/J strain with leptin db/db homozygous mice (T2DM, n = 20) and wild-type mice (WT, n = 20) were used to collect data. The ELGs were collected for RNA sequencing. LASSO regression was conducted to screen marker genes with the training set. Five genes were selected from 689 differentially expressed genes by LASSO regression, including Synm, Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks and Ptprt. Expression of Synm was downregulated in ELGs of T2DM mice. Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks, and Ptprt were upregulated in T2DM mice. Area under receiver operating curve of the LASSO model was 1.000(1.000-1.000) and 0.980(0.929-1.000) in the training set and the test set, respectively. The C-index and the robust C-index of the LASSO model were 1.000 and 0.999, respectively, in the training set, and 1.000 and 0.978, respectively, in the test set. In the lacrimal gland of db/db mice, Synm, Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks and Ptprt can be used as marker genes of T2DM. Abnormal expression of marker genes is related to lacrimal gland atrophy and dry eye in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China.
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14
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Scholand KK, Mack AF, Guzman GU, Maniskas ME, Sampige R, Govindarajan G, McCullough LD, de Paiva CS. Heterochronic Parabiosis Causes Dacryoadenitis in Young Lacrimal Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4897. [PMID: 36902330 PMCID: PMC10003158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in the lacrimal gland (LG). We investigated if heterochronic parabiosis of mice could modulate age-related LG alterations. In both males and females, there were significant increases in total immune infiltration in isochronic aged LGs compared to that in isochronic young LGs. Male heterochronic young LGs were significantly more infiltrated compared to male isochronic young LGs. While both females and males had significant increases in inflammatory and B-cell-related transcripts in isochronic and heterochronic aged LGs compared to levels isochronic and heterochronic young LGs, females had a greater fold expression of some of these transcripts than males. Through flow cytometry, specific subsets of B cells were increased in the male heterochronic aged LGs compared to those in male isochronic aged LGs. Our results indicate that serum soluble factors from young mice were not enough to reverse inflammation and infiltrating immune cells in aged tissues and that there were specific sex-related differences in parabiosis treatment. This suggests that age-related changes in the LG microenvironment/architecture participate in perpetuating inflammation, which is not reversible by exposure to youthful systemic factors. In contrast, male young heterochronic LGs were significantly worse than their isochronic counterparts, suggesting that aged soluble factors can enhance inflammation in the young host. Therapies that aim at improving cellular health may have a stronger impact on improving inflammation and cellular inflammation in LGs than parabiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin K. Scholand
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Alexis F. Mack
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary U. Guzman
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael E. Maniskas
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ritu Sampige
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gowthaman Govindarajan
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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15
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Elbasiony E, Cho WJ, Singh A, Mittal SK, Zoukhri D, Chauhan SK. Increased activity of lacrimal gland mast cells are associated with corneal epitheliopathy in aged mice. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36849524 PMCID: PMC9971332 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The lacrimal gland undergoes significant structural and functional deterioration with aging. Marked with increased inflammation and fibrosis, the aged lacrimal gland is unable to perform its protective function. As a result, the ocular surface becomes highly susceptible to various ocular surface pathologies, including corneal epitheliopathy. We and others have previously shown that mast cells mediate tissue inflammation by recruiting other immune cells. However, despite their well-known characteristics of secreting various inflammatory mediators, whether mast cells contribute to the immune cell aggregation and activation, and acinar dystrophy of the aged lacrimal gland has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate the role of mast cells in age-related lacrimal gland pathophysiology using mast cell-deficient (cKitw-sh) mice. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in mast cell frequencies and immune cell infiltration in the lacrimal gland of aged mice. Interestingly, mast cell deficiency resulted in a substantial reduction in inflammation and preservation of lacrimal gland structure, suggesting that mast cells mediate the aging process of the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Elbasiony
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - WonKyung J Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aastha Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Lacrimal Gland Epithelial Cells Shape Immune Responses through the Modulation of Inflammasomes and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054309. [PMID: 36901740 PMCID: PMC10001612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacrimal gland inflammation triggers dry eye disease through impaired tear secretion by the epithelium. As aberrant inflammasome activation occurs in autoimmune disorders including Sjögren's syndrome, we analyzed the inflammasome pathway during acute and chronic inflammation and investigated its potential regulators. Bacterial infection was mimicked by the intraglandular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nigericin, known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Acute injury of the lacrimal gland was induced by interleukin (IL)-1α injection. Chronic inflammation was studied using two Sjögren's syndrome models: diseased NOD.H2b compared to healthy BALBc mice and Thrombospondin-1-null (TSP-1-/-) compared to TSP-1WTC57BL/6J mice. Inflammasome activation was investigated by immunostaining using the R26ASC-citrine reporter mouse, by Western blotting, and by RNAseq. LPS/Nigericin, IL-1α and chronic inflammation induced inflammasomes in lacrimal gland epithelial cells. Acute and chronic inflammation of the lacrimal gland upregulated multiple inflammasome sensors, caspases 1/4, and interleukins Il1b and Il18. We also found increased IL-1β maturation in Sjögren's syndrome models compared with healthy control lacrimal glands. Using RNA-seq data of regenerating lacrimal glands, we found that lipogenic genes were upregulated during the resolution of inflammation following acute injury. In chronically inflamed NOD.H2b lacrimal glands, an altered lipid metabolism was associated with disease progression: genes for cholesterol metabolism were upregulated, while genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism and fatty acid synthesis were downregulated, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)/sterol regulatory element-binding 1 (SREBP-1)-dependent signaling. We conclude that epithelial cells can promote immune responses by forming inflammasomes, and that sustained inflammasome activation, together with an altered lipid metabolism, are key players of Sjögren's syndrome-like pathogenesis in the NOD.H2b mouse lacrimal gland by promoting epithelial dysfunction and inflammation.
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17
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Shu DY, Chaudhary S, Cho KS, Lennikov A, Miller WP, Thorn DC, Yang M, McKay TB. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act. Metabolites 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36837806 PMCID: PMC9960073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a delicate balancing act of maintaining appropriate levels of antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxidizing oxygen and nitrogen species. Any disruption of this balance leads to oxidative stress, which is a key pathogenic factor in several ocular diseases. In this review, we present the current evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions affecting both the anterior segment (e.g., dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract) and posterior segment (age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) of the human eye. We posit that further development of therapeutic interventions to promote pro-regenerative responses and maintenance of the redox balance may delay or prevent the progression of these major ocular pathologies. Continued efforts in this field will not only yield a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ocular diseases but also enable the identification of novel druggable redox targets and antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William P. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David C. Thorn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Menglu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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18
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Qin G, Chao C, Lattery LJ, Lin H, Fu W, Richdale K, Cai C. Tear proteomic analysis of young glasses, orthokeratology, and soft contact lens wearers. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104738. [PMID: 36191803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact lens-related ocular surface complications occur more often in teenagers and young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in tear proteome of young patients wearing glasses (GL), orthokeratology lenses (OK), and soft contact lenses (SCL). Twenty-two young subjects (10-26 years of age) who were established GL, OK, and SCL wearers were recruited. Proteomic data were collected using a data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation workflow. In total, 3406 protein groups were identified, the highest number of proteins identified in Schirmer strip tears to date. Eight protein groups showed higher abundance, and 11 protein groups showed lower abundance in the SCL group compared to the OK group. In addition, the abundance of 82 proteins significantly differed in children compared to young adult GL wearers, among which 67 proteins were higher, and 15 proteins were lower in children. These 82 proteins were involved in inflammation, immune, and glycoprotein metabolic biological processes. In summary, this work identified over 3000 proteins in Schirmer Strip tears. The results indicated that tear proteomes were altered by orthokeratology and soft contact wear and age, which warrants further larger-scale study on the ocular surface responses of teenagers and young adults separately to contact lens wear. SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we examined the tear proteomes of young patients wearing glasses, orthokeratology lenses, and soft contact lenses using a data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) workflow and identified 3406 protein groups in Schirmer strip tears. Nineteen protein groups showed significant abundance changes between orthokeratology and soft contact lens wearers. Moreover, eighty-two protein groups significantly differed in abundance in children and young adult glasses wearers. As a pilot study, this work provides a deep coverage of tear proteome and suggests the need to investigate ocular responses to contact lens wear separately for children and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - Cecilia Chao
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2023, Australia
| | - Lauren J Lattery
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering Technology, University of Houston - Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, United States of America
| | - Wenjiang Fu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Richdale
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
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Martín-Suárez EM, Mesa P, Portillo M, Morgaz J, Moreno O, Guisado A, Galán-Rodríguez A. A Modified Schirmer Tear Test in Clinically Normal Horses: Measurement at 30 Seconds versus 60 Seconds. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 120:104162. [PMID: 36343832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to compare the Schirmer Tear Test (STT)-1 results at 30 (STT30) versus 60 (STT60) seconds in healthy horses. This study included a total of 56 healthy horses. STT-1 was performed in both eyes, right eye first, and the wetting lengths were measured in STT30 and STT60. To evaluate the reduction of the initial reflex phase, the wetting length velocity was measured during the first 30 seconds. The effects of eye, age, weight, sex, and ambient temperature and humidity on STT values were evaluated. Mean (standard deviation) STT30 and STT60 were 19.06 (3.88) and 24.26 (4.50) mm. There was a linear correlation between the STT 30 and STT60, expressed according to the following equation: STT60 = 2.20 + 1.18 × STT30 (P = .001). STT30 or STT60 values did not vary between the sexes or correlate with age, weight, ambient temperature, or humidity. In conclusion, STT30 allows for an accurate, reliable, and applicable diagnosis of tear production compared with the standard STT60 value. The proposed method is shorter and may be a suitable alternative to the 1-min test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Martín-Suárez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Pablo Mesa
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel Portillo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Morgaz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ofelia Moreno
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alicia Guisado
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alba Galán-Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain
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20
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Feldt J, Garriz A, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Woodward AM, Zoukhri D, Argüeso P. The Matricellular Protein SPARC Decreases in the Lacrimal Gland At Adulthood and During Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:8. [PMID: 36479944 PMCID: PMC9742964 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein abundantly expressed in basement membranes and capsules surrounding a variety of organs and tissues. It mediates extracellular matrix organization and has been implicated in cell contraction. Here, we evaluated the expression of SPARC in the murine lacrimal gland at adulthood and during inflammation. Methods Lacrimal glands of young mice (4-6 weeks old) and adult mice (32-40 weeks old) were used for extraction of DNA, RNA, and protein. The presence of SPARC was assessed by quantitative PCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence microscopy. 5-Methylcytosine and DNA methylation were evaluated using ELISA and bisulfite genomic sequencing, respectively. The effects of cytokines and inflammation in Sparc expression were evaluated in vitro and in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. Results The mRNA and protein levels of SPARC were downregulated in lacrimal glands of mature adult mice presenting age-related histological alterations such as increased deposition of lipofuscin and lipids. Epigenetic analyses indicated that glands in adult mice contain higher levels of global DNA methylation and show increased hypermethylation of specific CpG sites within the Sparc gene promoter. Analysis of smooth muscle actin (SMA)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice revealed that SPARC localizes primarily to myoepithelial cells within the gland. Treatment of myoepithelial cells with IL-1β or TNF-α and the development of inflammation in the NOD mice led to decreased transcription of Sparc. Conclusions SPARC is a novel matricellular glycoprotein expressed by myoepithelial cells in the lacrimal gland. Loss of SPARC during adulthood and chronic inflammation might have detrimental consequences on myoepithelial cell contraction and the secretion of tear fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Feldt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Angela Garriz
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maria C. Rodriguez Benavente
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ashley M. Woodward
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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21
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Wood JPM, Chidlow G, Halliday LA, Casson RJ, Selva D, Sun M. Histochemical Comparison of Human and Rat Lacrimal Glands: Implications for Bio-Engineering Studies. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 36374486 PMCID: PMC9669807 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether rodent lacrimal glands (LGs) represent a suitable surrogate for human tissue in bio-engineering research, we undertook a meticulous histological and histochemical comparison of these two tissues. Methods Histological techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the structure of adult human and rat LG tissues and the expression of key functional tissue elements. Results Compared with humans, the rat LG is comprised of much more densely packed acini which are devoid of an obvious central lumen. Myoepithelial, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and putative progenitor cells are present in both tissues. However, human LG is replete with epithelium expressing cytokeratins 8 and 18, whereas rat LG epithelium does not express cytokeratin 8. Furthermore, human LG expresses aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 3, and 5, whereas rat LG expresses AQPs 1, 4, and 5. Additionally, mast cells were identified in the rat but not the human LGs and large numbers of plasma cells were detected in the human LGs but only limited numbers were present in the rat LGs. Conclusions The cellular composition of the human and rat LGs is similar, although there is a marked difference in the actual histo-architectural arrangement of the tissue. Further variances in the epithelial cytokeratin profile, in tissue expression of AQPs and in mast cell and plasma cell infiltration, may prove significant. Translational Relevance The rat LG can serve as a useful surrogate for the human equivalent, but there exist specific tissue differences meaning that caution must be observed when translating results to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. M. Wood
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A. Halliday
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Inaba T, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Liu Y, Tanaka Y, Kobori M, Tamaki S, Ito T, Higa K, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K. Quercetin improves lacrimal gland function through its anti-oxidant actions: Evidence from animal studies, and a pilot study in healthy human volunteers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974530. [PMID: 36313100 PMCID: PMC9599396 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-oxidant properties of polyphenols have been gaining medical attention as a preventive factor against aging and/or lifestyle diseases. In this study, we examined the anti-oxidant activity of quercetin improved tear function through its effects on the lacrimal gland in mice and humans. Six week-old diabetic mice, a model for decreased tear production, were fed for 12 weeks ad libitum with an experimental diet containing 0.5% quercetin. As a result, the tear volume was significantly improved compared to the control, despite no changes in body weight, food intake, lacrimal gland morphology or biochemical serum parameters. Moreover, significantly higher SOD-1 and SOD-2 protein levels were detected in the lacrimal glands of quercetin-treated mice by western blot. In addition, quercetin treatment of mouse corneal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of ROS production and enhanced cell survival. Finally, we examined quercetin pharmacokinetics, specifically its presence in serum and tears subsequent to onion consumption in healthy volunteers, and found that the distribution of quercetin and its metabolite shifted from serum to tear following onion intake. An improvement in tear film stability also resulted following the intake by these healthy volunteers of a new, quercetin-rich onion cultivar ("Quergold") in powder form. These results suggested that quercetin improved tear function through its effects on the lacrimal gland in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Inaba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shusaku Tamaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Department of Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Kazuo Tsubota,
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23
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Erdinest N, Pincovich S, London N, Solomon A. Neurostimulation for dry eye disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:328-334. [PMID: 35779066 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the neuroanatomy and physiology of the basal and reflex tearing and present the available and developing therapies using the concept of neurostimulation in dry eye disease (DED). RECENT FINDINGS The most prevalent current DED treatments seek to supplement low tear volume and tear components or reduce inflammation. Neurostimulation is a unique approach gaining momentum in recent years, geared toward increasing the production of all basal tear components by stimulating the nerves responsible for producing the various tear components. The neuroanatomy of the lacrimal unit provides several possible access points to stimulate tear production through two arms of the sensory trigeminal nerves. Modes of stimulation include chemical or energy in electrical or magnetic form. Research thus far has shown that neurostimulation can achieve lacrimal, goblet cell, and meibomian gland stimulation. Subjectively it improves symptoms of DED. Clinically, neurostimulation has improved the signs and symptoms of DED by increasing basal tear production and tear volume. SUMMARY Neurostimulation using electrical, mechanical, or chemical means is a novel concept to increase tear production and was demonstrated to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated method for managing DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
| | | | | | - Abraham Solomon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem
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24
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Singh VK, Sharma P, Vaksh UKS, Chandra R. Current approaches for the regeneration and reconstruction of ocular surface in dry eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:885780. [PMID: 36213677 PMCID: PMC9544815 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.885780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research revealed the preocular tear film composition and regulations that remain vital for maintaining Ocular surface functional integrity. Inflammation triggered by many factors is the hallmark of Ocular surface disorders or dry eyes syndrome (DES). The tear deficiencies may lead to ocular surface desiccation, corneal ulceration and/or perforation, higher rates of infectious disease, and the risk of severe visual impairment and blindness. Clinical management remains largely supportive, palliative, and frequent, lifelong use of different lubricating agents. However, few advancements such as punctal plugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and salivary gland autografts are of limited use. Cell-based therapies, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, have recently evolved as long-term cures for many diseases, including ophthalmic diseases. The present article focuses on the different regenerative medicine and reconstruction/bioengineered lacrimal gland formation strategies reported so far, along with their limiting factors and feasibility as an effective cure in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Kishor Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Vimal Kishor Singh ; ;
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uttkarsh Kumar Sharma Vaksh
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Institute of Nanomedical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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25
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[Beyond esthetics-Regenerative medicine for severe diseases of the adnexa oculi]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2022; 119:878-890. [PMID: 35925347 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of eyelid and lacrimal functions are important steps on the way to an intact ocular surface. Clinically available substitute tissues or therapeutic options for eyelid reconstruction and lacrimal gland regeneration often reach their limits in patients with severe diseases of the adnexa oculi. Several approaches in regenerative medicine have been intensively researched and clinically tested in recent years. These range from reconstructive approaches with novel tissue matrices in the field of eyelid surgery to stem cell therapies to regenerate lacrimal gland function. MATERIAL AND METHODS The state of the art in the current literature is presented and an overview of clinically applied or currently researched tissues for eyelid reconstruction is given. Furthermore, approaches in stem cell therapy of the lacrimal gland as well as own results are presented. RESULTS Acellular dermis has been successfully used for eyelid reconstruction and represents a viable option in cases of limited availability of autologous tissue. In vitro grown cellular constructs or tissues with genetically modified cells have already been successfully applied in dermatology for the treatment of burns or severe genodermatoses. First studies on stem cell therapy for severe dry eye in Sjögren syndrome showed a safe and effective application of mesenchymal stem cells by injection into the lacrimal gland. CONCLUSION Due to the limitations of currently available replacement tissues, there is a clinical need for the development of new materials for adnexa oculi reconstruction. Constructs grown in vitro with allogeneic and/or genetically engineered cells are slowly making their way into clinical practice. The efficacy and mode of action of stem cells in severe dry eye are subject matters of current clinical trials.
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26
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Yu FSX, Lee PSY, Yang L, Gao N, Zhang Y, Ljubimov AV, Yang E, Zhou Q, Xie L. The impact of sensory neuropathy and inflammation on epithelial wound healing in diabetic corneas. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 89:101039. [PMID: 34991965 PMCID: PMC9250553 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes, with several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, some of which are still uncertain. The cornea is an avascular tissue and sensitive to hyperglycemia, resulting in several diabetic corneal complications including delayed epithelial wound healing, recurrent erosions, neuropathy, loss of sensitivity, and tear film changes. The manifestation of DPN in the cornea is referred to as diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy (DNK). Recent studies have revealed that disturbed epithelial-neural-immune cell interactions are a major cause of DNK. The epithelium is supplied by a dense network of sensory nerve endings and dendritic cell processes, and it secretes growth/neurotrophic factors and cytokines to nourish these neighboring cells. In turn, sensory nerve endings release neuropeptides to suppress inflammation and promote epithelial wound healing, while resident immune cells provide neurotrophic and growth factors to support neuronal and epithelial cells, respectively. Diabetes greatly perturbs these interdependencies, resulting in suppressed epithelial proliferation, sensory neuropathy, and a decreased density of dendritic cells. Clinically, this results in a markedly delayed wound healing and impaired sensory nerve regeneration in response to insult and injury. Current treatments for DPN and DNK largely focus on managing the severe complications of the disease. Cell-based therapies hold promise for providing more effective treatment for diabetic keratopathy and corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Patrick S Y Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Yang
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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27
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Zou S, Jiao X, Liu J, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Huang S, Li Z. High-Fat Nutritional Challenge Reshapes Circadian Signatures in Murine Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:23. [PMID: 35588356 PMCID: PMC9123521 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A high-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of developing many systemic diseases; however, the effects of high fat intake on lacrimal gland functions and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We explored the effects of an HFD on the circadian rhythms of the extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs). Methods Male C57BL/6J mice maintained on a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle were fed an ad libitum HFD or normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. The ELGs were collected from euthanized animals every 3 hours throughout the circadian cycle (24 hours). Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), we studied the circadian transcriptomic profile of the ELGs. Circadian oscillations in cell size, secretion response, lipid deposition, and immune cell trafficking of the ELGs were also analyzed. Results An HFD modulated the circadian transcriptomic profile of the ELGs, including the composition, phase, and amplitude of cyclical transcript oscillations, and affected the associated signaling pathways at spatiotemporal levels. HFD feeding significantly altered the normal rhythmic oscillations of ELG cell size, immune cell trafficking, secretion response, and lipid deposition. After dietary reversal in HFD-fed animals, the activity, core temperature, and lipid accumulation in lacrimal glands recovered partially to the level of NC-fed animals. However, the average cell size of the ELGs, the recruitment of immune cells, and the rhythm of lacrimal secretion did not return to the levels of the NC-fed group. Conclusions HFD perturbation interferes with the cyclical transcriptomic profile, cell size, immune cell trafficking, and secretion function of the ELGs with a strikingly high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
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28
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Biochemistry of human tear film: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Trujillo-Vargas CM, Mauk KE, Hernandez H, de Souza RG, Yu Z, Galletti JG, Dietrich J, Paulsen F, de Paiva CS. Immune phenotype of the CD4 + T cells in the aged lymphoid organs and lacrimal glands. GeroScience 2022; 44:2105-2128. [PMID: 35279788 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a massive infiltration of T lymphocytes in the lacrimal gland. Here, we aimed to characterize the immune phenotype of aged CD4+ T cells in this tissue as compared with lymphoid organs. To perform this, we sorted regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25+GITR+) and non-Tregs (CD4+CD25negGITRneg) in lymphoid organs from female C57BL/6J mice and subjected these cells to an immunology NanoString® panel. These results were confirmed by flow cytometry, live imaging, and tissue immunostaining in the lacrimal gland. Importantly, effector T helper 1 (Th1) genes were highly upregulated on aged Tregs, including the master regulator Tbx21. Among the non-Tregs, we also found a significant increase in the levels of EOMESmed/high, TbetnegIFN-γ+, and CD62L+CD44negCD4+ T cells with aging, which are associated with cell exhaustion, immunopathology, and the generation of tertiary lymphoid tissue. At the functional level, aged Tregs from lymphoid organs are less able to decrease proliferation and IFN-γ production of T responders at any age. More importantly, human lacrimal glands (age range 55-81 years) also showed the presence of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Further studies are needed to propose potential molecular targets to avoid immune-mediated lacrimal gland dysfunction with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Kelsey E Mauk
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humberto Hernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Rodrigo G de Souza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA
| | - Jeremias G Galletti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, NC 505G, USA.
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Lemos CN, da Silva LECM, Faustino JF, Fantucci MZ, Murashima ADAB, Adriano L, Alves M, Rocha EM. Oxidative Stress in the Protection and Injury of the Lacrimal Gland and the Ocular Surface: are There Perspectives for Therapeutics? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824726. [PMID: 35359431 PMCID: PMC8963457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major disruption in the physiology of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU). Antioxidant enzymes have dual protective activities: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Peroxidases have been indistinctly used as markers of the secretory activity of the LFU and implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED), even though they comprise a large family of enzymes that includes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), among others. Assays to measure and correlate OS with other local LFU phenomena have methodological limitations. Studies implicate molecules and reactions involved in OS as markers of homeostasis, and other studies identify them as part of the physiopathology of diseases. Despite these conflicting concepts and observations, it is clear that OS is influential in the development of DED. Moreover, many antioxidant strategies have been proposed for its treatment, including calorie restriction to nutritional supplementation. This review offers a critical analysis of the biological mechanisms, diagnostic outcomes, drug use, dietary supplements, and life habits that implicate the influence of OS on DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nunes Lemos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Camila Nunes Lemos,
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marina Zilio Fantucci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Adriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Melani Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Tian L, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wang J, Cao K, Du L, Wang N, Jie Y. Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 8:796951. [PMID: 35096941 PMCID: PMC8792747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.796951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin in the treatment of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED) in middle-aged and elderly patients. Methods: 120 eyes of 60 middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED were enrolled in this prospective, one-group, quasi-experimental study. Six milligram Astaxanthin tablets (Weihong Haematococcus Pluvialis Astaxanthin, Hangzhou Xinwei Low Carbon Technology R&D Co., Ltd., China) were administered orally, twice daily for 30 ± 2 days. History of eye diseases, treatment, systemic disease, and medication before the test were recorded. In addition, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, eyelid margin signs, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, meibum quality, meibomian gland dropout (MGDR), Schirmer I test (SIt), tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar conjunctiva congestion degree, blink frequency, incomplete blink rate, and thickness of tear film lipid layer were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment, fundus, discomfort symptoms and other adverse reactions were also monitored throughout the study to assess the safety. Results: OSDI score, NIBUT, BUT, CFS score, eyelid margin signs, MG expressibility, meibum quality, and blink frequency improved significantly to varying degrees after treatment compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.05), while TMH, SIt, conjunctival congestion, the thickness of tear film lipid layer, MGDR, incomplete blink rate, VA and IOP did not differ (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Oral administration of astaxanthin improves the symptoms and signs of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED.
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Yu Z, Li J, Govindarajan G, Hamm-Alvarez S, Alam J, Li DQ, de Paiva CS. Cathepsin S is a novel target for age-related dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2022; 214:108895. [PMID: 34910926 PMCID: PMC8908478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin S (Ctss) is a protease that is proinflammatory on epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Ctss in age-related dry eye disease. Ctss-/- mice [in a C57BL/6 (B6) background] of different ages were compared to B6 mice. Ctss activity in tears and lacrimal gland (LG) lysates was measured. The corneal barrier function was investigated in naïve mice or after topical administration of Ctss eye drops 5X/day for two days. Eyes were collected, and conjunctival goblet cell density was measured in PAS-stained sections. Immunoreactivity of the tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and occludin, was investigated in primary human cultured corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) without or with Ctss, with or without a Ctss inhibitor. A significant increase in Ctss activity was observed in the tears and LG lysates in aged B6 compared to young mice. This was accompanied by higher Ctss transcripts and protein expression in LG and spleen. Compared to B6, 12 and 24-month-old Ctss-/- mice did not display age-related corneal barrier disruption and goblet cell loss. Treatment of HCEC with Ctss for 48 h disrupted occludin and ZO-1 immunoreactivity compared to control cells. This was prevented by the Ctss inhibitor LY3000328 or Ctss-heat inactivation. Topical reconstitution of Ctss in Ctss-/- mice for two days disrupted corneal barrier function. Aging on the ocular surface is accompanied by increased expression and activity of the protease Ctss. Our results suggest that cathepsin S modulation might be a novel target for age-related dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jinmiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Sarah Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jehan Alam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - De-Quan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Mauduit O, Delcroix V, Umazume T, de Paiva CS, Dartt DA, Makarenkova HP. Spatial transcriptomics of the lacrimal gland features macrophage activity and epithelium metabolism as key alterations during chronic inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011125. [PMID: 36341342 PMCID: PMC9628215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine gland that produces the watery part of the tear film that lubricates the ocular surface. Chronic inflammation, such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS), is one of the leading causes of aqueous-deficiency dry eye (ADDE) disease worldwide. In this study we analyzed the chronic inflammation in the LGs of the NOD.B10Sn-H2b/J (NOD.H-2b) mice, a mouse model of SS, utilizing bulk RNAseq and Visium spatial gene expression. With Seurat we performed unsupervised clustering and analyzed the spatial cell distribution and gene expression changes in all cell clusters within the LG sections. Moreover, for the first time, we analyzed and validated specific pathways defined by bulk RNAseq using Visium technology to determine activation of these pathways within the LG sections. This analysis suggests that altered metabolism and the hallmarks of inflammatory responses from both epithelial and immune cells drive inflammation. The most significant pathway enriched in upregulated DEGs was the "TYROBP Causal Network", that has not been described previously in SS. We also noted a significant decrease in lipid metabolism in the LG of the NOD.H-2b mice. Our data suggests that modulation of these pathways can provide a therapeutic strategy to treat ADDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- The Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Abstract
Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Khan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Fitch
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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35
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The Corneal Changes in Diabetic Patients. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2020-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a systemic disorder which afects different organs. Ocular complications of the DM are the worldwide leading cause of blindness. The most common complications are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic cataract, neovascular glaucoma. Recently many investigations point out that DM can cause comlications at ocular surface as well. Condition such as decreased corneal sensitivity, dry eye or neurotrophic corneal ulceraction are the main clinical manifestations of the diabetic keratopathy (DK). Untreated, these conditions can lead to serious visual acuity decrease. Pathological processes, based on chronic inflammation, due to chronic hyperglycemia, are the main step in the process of DK development. Adequate treatment of the main disease - DM is an imperative in maintaining the healthy cornea without subjective sensations of diabetic patients.
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Hu S, Di G, Cao X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang D, Chen P. Lacrimal gland homeostasis is maintained by the AQP5 pathway by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress inflammation in the lacrimal gland of AQP5 knockout mice. Mol Vis 2021; 27:679-690. [PMID: 35002213 PMCID: PMC8684812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose AQP5-/- mice spontaneously exhibit dry eye symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated inflammation generated by a deficiency of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) in the lacrimal gland. Methods Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Oil Red O staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were performed to identify structural changes in lacrimal gland epithelial cells because of AQP5 deficiency. Corneal epithelial defects were assessed with sodium fluorescein staining. The expression profiles of mRNA and proteins were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Mice in the quercetin group were injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg of quercetin, and the control group was injected with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 4 weeks. Results Aqueous tear secretion fell at about 50% in 1- and 6-month-old AQP5-/- mice compared with that of AQP5+/+ mice. TEM showed that the ER structure was damaged. ER stress was significantly increased in the lacrimal gland of AQP5-/- mice. Lipid droplets accumulated in the matrix and acinar cells, and changes occurred in the lipid metabolism and gene expression levels for PPARα, CPT1α, and CPT2 in the AQP5-/- mice. Immune cell infiltration and increases in the gene expression levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL5 were found in the lacrimal gland of AQP5-/- mice. Quercetin partially reversed ER stress levels, inflammation, and lipid accumulation, and it inhibited tear secretion. Conclusions The study data indicated that a deficiency of AQP5 induced pathophysiological changes and functional decompensation of the lacrimal gland. Quercetin may improve the inflammation in the lacrimal glands of AQP5-/- mice by regulating the ER stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China,Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaning Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The 971 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China,Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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The KEAP1-NRF2 System in Healthy Aging and Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121929. [PMID: 34943032 PMCID: PMC8750203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is inevitable, but the inherently and genetically programmed aging process is markedly influenced by environmental factors. All organisms are constantly exposed to various stresses, either exogenous or endogenous, throughout their lives, and the quality and quantity of the stresses generate diverse impacts on the organismal aging process. In the current oxygenic atmosphere on earth, oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is one of the most common and critical environmental factors for life. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-NFE2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) system is a critical defense mechanism of cells and organisms in response to redox perturbations. In the presence of oxidative and electrophilic insults, the thiol moieties of cysteine in KEAP1 are modified, and consequently NRF2 activates its target genes for detoxification and cytoprotection. A number of studies have clarified the contributions of the KEAP1-NRF2 system to the prevention and attenuation of physiological aging and aging-related diseases. Accumulating knowledge to control stress-induced damage may provide a clue for extending healthspan and treating aging-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the relationships between oxidative stress and aging-related alterations in the sensory, glandular, muscular, and central nervous systems and the roles of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in aging processes.
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Nättinen J, Aapola U, Nukareddy P, Uusitalo H. Looking deeper into ocular surface health: an introduction to clinical tear proteomics analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:486-498. [PMID: 34750985 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface diseases are becoming more prevalent worldwide. Reasons for this include the ongoing population ageing and increasing use of digital displays, although ophthalmologists have a wide selection of tools, which can be implemented in the evaluation of the ocular surface health, methods, which enable the in-depth study of biological functions are gaining more interest. These new approaches are needed, since the individual responses to ocular surface diseases and treatments can vary from person to person, and the correlations between clinical signs and symptoms are often low. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) methods can produce information on hundreds of tear proteins, which in turn can provide valuable information on the biological effects occurring on the ocular surface. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the different aspects, which are part of a successful tear proteomics study design and equip readers with a better understanding of the methods most suited for their MS-based tear proteomics study in the field of ophthalmology and ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika Nättinen
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Praveena Nukareddy
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Tays Eye Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
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Jiao X, Pei X, Lu D, Qi D, Huang S, He S, Li Z. Microbial Reconstitution Improves Aging-Driven Lacrimal Gland Circadian Dysfunction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2091-2116. [PMID: 34428426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal glands are highly susceptible to aging and exhibit age-related structural and functional alterations. However, the mechanisms by which aging affects the lacrimal glands are not well-established. The current study explores the crosstalk between the aging process, gut microbiota, and circadian rhythm in age-associated lacrimal gland dysfunction. C57BL/6J mice were divided into young, old, and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT)-treated old groups. The gut bacterial community diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Exorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs) were collected at 3-hour intervals over a 24-hour circadian cycle, and total RNA was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Rhythmic transcriptional data were analyzed using the Jonckheere-Terpstra-Kendall algorithm and bioinformatics analysis technology. Immunostaining was used to identify lymphocytic infiltration, lipid deposition, and nerve innervation in the ELGs. Compared with young mice, old mice underwent a significant gut microbial community shift. The rhythmically transcriptomic profile was significantly reprogrammed over a 24-hour cycle in the old ELG group. Intervention with serial FMT from young donors for 1 month rejuvinated the gut microbial community of the old mice. Most alterations in rhythmic transcriptomic profiling were improved. Furthermore, chronic inflammation, lipid deposition, and aberrant neural response of the aging lacrimal glands were significantly reduced. Thus, the study shows that reconstitution of age-associated gut dysbiosis with FMTs from young donors improves aging-driven lacrimal gland circadian dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyu He
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Ji YW, Kang HG, Song JS, Jun JW, Han K, Kim TI, Seo KY, Lee HK. The Dopaminergic Neuronal System Regulates the Inflammatory Status of Mouse Lacrimal Glands in Dry Eye Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 33844826 PMCID: PMC8039574 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Comparison of the parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons, including the dopaminergic neural system, in dry eye (DE)–induced pathophysiology has not been elucidated well. This study investigated the presence of dopamine receptors (DRs) and their functional roles in the lacrimal glands (LGs) of DE-induced mice. Methods After DE was induced in B6 mice for 2 weeks, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine, and DRs (DR1, DR2, etc.) in the LGs and corneas were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot, and ELISA. Using flow cytometry and ELISA, immune cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression were determined in DE-induced LGs with or without DR blockers, SCH-23390 (DR1i), or melperone (DR2i). Corneal erosion scores were also investigated. Results The mRNA and protein levels of TH significantly increased in DE-induced LGs. The dopamine concentration of LGs was 9.51 pmol in DE (versus naive: 1.39 pmol; P < 0.001). Both DR1 and DR2 mRNA expression were significantly enhanced in desiccating stress compared with those in naive (3.7- and 2.1-fold, P < 0.001). Interestingly, DR1 and DR2 immunostaining patterns stained independently in DE-induced LGs. CD3+ and CD19+ cell infiltration was significantly increased by DR2i (P < 0.001) but not by DR1i. Furthermore, IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α were significantly upregulated by DR2i compared with the blow-only condition. The severity of corneal erosion and inflammation was also aggravated by DR2i. Conclusions Upregulation of DR1 and DR2 was observed in DE-induced mouse LGs. As the inflammatory conditions are aggravated by the inhibition of DRs, especially DR2, their activity may be an important factor preserving ocular surface homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Ji
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Jun
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyusun Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Im Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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Yoon CH, Ryu JS, Moon J, Kim MK. Association between aging-dependent gut microbiome dysbiosis and dry eye severity in C57BL/6 male mouse model: a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33832437 PMCID: PMC8033717 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While aging is a potent risk factor of dry eye disease, age-related gut dysbiosis is associated with inflammation and chronic geriatric diseases. Emerging evidence have demonstrated that gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology or exacerbation of ocular diseases including dry eye disease. However, the relationship between aging-related changes in gut microbiota and dry eye disease has not been elucidated. In this pilot study, we investigated the association between aging-dependent microbiome changes and dry eye severity in C57BL/6 male mice. RESULTS Eight-week-old (8 W, n = 15), one-year-old (1Y, n = 10), and two-year-old (2Y, n = 8) C57BL/6 male mice were used. Dry eye severity was assessed by corneal staining scores and tear secretion. Bacterial genomic 16 s rRNA from feces was analyzed. Main outcomes were microbiome compositional differences among the groups and their correlation to dry eye severity. In aged mice (1Y and 2Y), corneal staining increased and tear secretion decreased with statistical significance. Gut microbiome α-diversity was not different among the groups. However, β-diversity was significantly different among the groups. In univariate analysis, phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Alistipes, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Helicobacter were significantly related to dry eye severity. After adjustment of age, multivariate analysis revealed phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and genus Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Helicobacter to be significantly associated with dry eye severity. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study suggests that aging-dependent changes in microbiome composition are related to severity of dry eye signs in C57BL/6 male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoon Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Šemanjski K, Majdič G, Kozina V, Ježek D. Sexual dimorphism of the extraorbital lacrimal glands in SF-1 knockout mice. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151669. [PMID: 33360489 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism (SD) represents all the differences between males and females of the same species. SD of the murine lacrimal gland and the major effect of testosterone on its formation are well documented. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5a1) is a nuclear receptor essential for the fetal development of steroid hormones producing organs and SF-1 knockout mice (Sf-1 KO) are therefore born without gonads and adrenal glands. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SD in lacrimal glands is present in the absence of exposure to sex hormones during development. Lacrimal glands from adult Sf-1 KO male and female mice without hormonal exposure, and from males that were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) prior to sacrifice, were examined. After sacrifice, glandular tissue was processed using standard histological procedures. Paraffin sections were analysed by stereology and immunostained against the androgen receptor (AR). Our results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the mean volumes of acini, connective tissue or ductal system between males, females, and males on TP. The same pertains to the mean length of the ducts in all three groups. In the absence of sex hormones, sex chromosomes proved to be insufficient in inducing sexual dimorphism in LG. However, nuclei of the acinar cells in males on TP were positive for AR, whereas in males without TP no expression of AR was detected. Administration of TP induced the expression of AR in the nuclei of acinar cells of males but did not affect the morphology of LG. We conclude that SD in the lacrimal gland is not present in Sf-1 KO mice and this suggests that sex hormones have a major role in the development of SD in the lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Šemanjski
- Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Department of Surgery, Sveti Duh 64, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Gregor Majdič
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Centre for Animal Genomics, Croatia
| | - Viviana Kozina
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Croatia
| | - Davor Ježek
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Croatia
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Sex and age differences in symptoms and signs of dry eye disease in a Norwegian cohort of patients. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:68-73. [PMID: 33246035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate sex and age differences in symptoms and signs in a Norwegian clinic-based cohort of patients with dry eye disease (DED). METHODS Visitors at the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic were examined using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire score, tear osmolarity, tear break-up time (TFBUT), ocular surface staining, corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and meibum expressibility (ME) and quality (MQ). A diagnosis of DED was made by an ophthalmologist based on symptoms and signs, and only DED patients were enrolled in the study: 1823 patients (338 males; mean age 51.2 ± 16.2 years; 1485 females; mean age 52.5 ± 16.0 years). The patients were divided into age subgroups: 20-39 years, 40-59 years and ≥60 years. Sex differences in the aforementioned tests were analyzed. Values were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and intergroup comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple regression was used to analyze sex and age influences on symptoms and signs. RESULTS When patients of all ages were analyzed, females had increased osmolarity, shorter TFBUT, reduced MQ and ME and higher corneal sensitivity. OSDI, Schirmer I test, ocular surface staining and corneal staining were not significantly different between the sexes. Only with TFBUT and ME were the sex difference present in all age subgroups. Multiple regression showed that all parameters were influenced by either sex or age, but only TFBUT and ME were influenced by both sex and age. (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sex and age differences in dry eye were most consistent in TFBUT and ME, that indicate differences in meibomian gland functionality. Sex and age subgroup stratification is important in future studies investigating DED in other populations.
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Trujillo-Vargas CM, Kutlehria S, Hernandez H, de Souza RG, Lee A, Yu Z, Pflugfelder SC, Singh M, de Paiva CS. Rapamycin Eyedrops Increased CD4 +Foxp3 + Cells and Prevented Goblet Cell Loss in the Aged Ocular Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238890. [PMID: 33255287 PMCID: PMC7727717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), one of the most prevalent conditions among the elderly, is a chronic inflammatory disorder that disrupts tear film stability and causes ocular surface damage. Aged C57BL/6J mice spontaneously develop DED. Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressant that prolongs the lifespan of several species. Here, we compared the effects of daily instillation of eyedrops containing rapamycin or empty micelles for three months on the aged mice. Tear cytokine/chemokine profile showed a pronounced increase in vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and a trend towards decreased concentration of Interferon gamma (IFN)-γ in rapamycin-treated groups. A significant decrease in inflammatory markers in the lacrimal gland was also evident (IFN-γ, IL-12, CIITA and Ctss); this was accompanied by slightly diminished Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1 (ULK1) transcripts. In the lacrimal gland and draining lymph nodes, we also observed a significant increase in the CD45+CD4+Foxp3+ cells in the rapamycin-treated mice. More importantly, rapamycin eyedrops increased conjunctival goblet cell density and area compared to the empty micelles. Taken together, evidence from these studies indicates that topical rapamycin has therapeutic efficacy for age-associated ocular surface inflammation and goblet cell loss and opens the venue for new investigations on its role in the aging process of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Shallu Kutlehria
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Humberto Hernandez
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Rodrigo G. de Souza
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Andrea Lee
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Stephen C. Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.H.); (R.G.d.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-2124
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Tóth-Molnár E, Ding C. New insight into lacrimal gland function: Role of the duct epithelium in tear secretion. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:595-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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He X, Zhao Z, Wang S, Kang J, Zhang M, Bu J, Cai X, Jia C, Li Y, Li K, Reinach PS, Quantock AJ, Liu Z, Li W. High-Fat Diet-Induced Functional and Pathologic Changes in Lacrimal Gland. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2387-2402. [PMID: 32919976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface microenvironment through secreting aqueous tears in mammals. Many systemic diseases such as Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes can alter the lacrimal gland function, eventually resulting in aqueous tear-deficient dry eye. Here, a high-fat diet (HFD) experimental mouse model was used to clarify how hyperlipidemia affects lacrimal gland function. Aqueous tear secretion fell about 50% after 1 month on a HFD. Lipid droplets accumulated in the matrix and acinar cells of the lacrimal gland after this period, along with changes in the lipid metabolism, changes in gene expression levels, and disruption of fatty acid oxidative activity. Immune cell infiltration and rises in the gene expression levels of the inflammation-related cytokines Il1β, Tnfα, Tsg6, Il10, Mmp2, and Mmp9 were found. HFD also induced mitochondrial hypermegasoma, increased apoptosis, and decreased lacrimal gland acinar cell proliferation. Replacement of the HFD with the standard diet partially reversed pathologic changes in the lacrimal gland. Similarly, supplementing the HFD with fenofibrate also partially reversed the inhibited tear secretion and reduced lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress levels. The authors conclude that a HFD induces pathophysiological changes and functional decompensation of the lacrimal gland. Therefore, ingestion of a HFD may be a causative factor of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaopan Wang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinghua Bu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoxin Cai
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changkai Jia
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Andrew J Quantock
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, China.
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Chen LB, Zhang SY, Yan CX, Yao QK, Shao CY, Fu Y. Evaluation of chronic ocular sequelae in patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1066-1073. [PMID: 32685393 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate chronic ocular sequelae in patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns and propose an objective grading system. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center clinical study. Patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns at least six months later were assessed. Chronic ocular sequelae were classified into 3 categories (eyelid, conjunctiva, and cornea) and 9 chronic ocular sequelae [friction factors, exposure factors, conjunctival hyperemia, length of symblepharon, scope of adhesion, lacrimal area adhesion, loss of the palisades of Vogt (POV), corneal neovascularization, and corneal opacification]. Each ocular sequela was graded from 0 to 3, depending on the increasing severity. The 9 ocular sequelae were evaluated to obtain the total severity score for each eye. The total severity score was defined as Grade I (1-9), Grade II (10-18), and Grade III (19-27). Moreover, the correlation between the severity of chronic ocular sequelae and visual acuity, surgical strategy, and the prognosis was analyzed, respectively. RESULTS Cases of 79 eyes with symblepharon caused by ocular burns were included in this study. Of these, 20 (25.32%) were defined as Grade I, 43 (54.43%) as Grade II, and 16 (20.25%) as Grade III. Eyes with a high total severity score had reduced visual acuity, required complicated surgery strategies, and poor prognosis (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the scope of adhesion, corneal opacification, and corneal neovascularization significantly affected visual acuity, surgical strategy, and prognosis (all P<0.001). CONCLUSION The evaluation of chronic ocular sequelae enabled the development of an objective grading system for patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns. This grading system can be applied to guide the treatment and predict the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Bo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Si-Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qin-Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chun-Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Hashmani N, Mustafa FG, Tariq MA, Ali SF, Bukhari F, Memon AS, Hashmani S. Distribution and Correlation of Ocular Surface Disease Index Scores in a Non-Clinical Population: The Karachi Ocular Surface Disease Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e9193. [PMID: 32821550 PMCID: PMC7429673 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is increasing recognition of dry eye disease (DED) as a significant factor influencing quality of life in seemingly normal individuals. Our goal was to determine the distribution of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores in non-clinical individuals in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods We distributed OSDI questionnaires to subjects aged > 18 years with no active ocular complaint. Examiners were selected from various areas of the city to administer questionnaires to students and the general population. The OSDI score was grouped as per the following: normal (0-12 points), mild (13-22 points), moderate (23-32 points), and severe (33-100 points). Results We surveyed 2433 individuals with a mean age of 30.7±15.6 years. Additionally, the mean OSDI score was 22.4±18.7. To estimate prevalence, we used two OSDI score cutoffs: >13 (64.4%) and >22 points (43.6%). Statistical significance was found using multivariate regression in the following variables: age (p<0.001), contact lens wear (p<0.001), ocular allergies (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p=0.003), and smoking (p=0.047). When graphing mean age against OSDI score, there was a large jump between the third and fourth decades; thereafter, there was a steady increase. Similarly, when plotting smoking, the score was steady until five years and then there was a sharp incline. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of DED in the studied population. Additionally, many systemic and ocular factors were associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fakiha Bukhari
- Ophthalmology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Sharif Hashmani
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hashmanis Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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Singh S, Basu S. The Human Lacrimal Gland: Historical Perspectives, Current Understanding, and Recent Advances. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1188-1198. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1774065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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50
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Yoon CH, Ryu JS, Hwang HS, Kim MK. Comparative Analysis of Age-Related Changes in Lacrimal Glands and Meibomian Glands of a C57BL/6 Male Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114169. [PMID: 32545199 PMCID: PMC7313015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not known how biological changes in the lacrimal (LGs) and meibomian (MGs) glands contribute to dry eye disease (DED) in a time-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated time-sequenced changes in the inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence of stem cells in both glands of an aging-related DED mouse model. Eight-week (8W)-, one-year (1Y)-, and two-year (2Y)-old C57BL/6 male mice were used. MG areas of the upper and lower eyelids were analyzed by transillumination meibography imaging. The number of CD45+, 8-OHdG+, Ki-67+, and BrdU+ cells was compared in both glands. Increased corneal staining and decreased tear secretion were observed in aged mice. The MG dropout area increased with aging, and the age-adjusted MG area in lower lids was negatively correlated with the National Eye Institute (NEI) score. Increased CD4+ interferon (IFN)-γ+ cells in LGs were found in both aged mice. An increase in 8-OHdG+ cells in both glands was evident in 2Y-old mice. Reduced Ki-67+ cells, but no change in CD45+ cells, was observed in the MGs of 1Y-old mice. Increased BrdU+ cells were observed in the LGs of aged mice. This suggests that age-dependent DED in C57BL/6 mice is related to inflammation of the LGs, the development of MG atrophy, and oxidative stress in both glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Ho Sik Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (M.K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3779-1025 (H.S.H.); +82-2-2072-2665 (M.K.K.); Fax: +82-2-761-6869 (H.S.H.); +82-2-741-3187 (M.K.K.)
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (M.K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3779-1025 (H.S.H.); +82-2-2072-2665 (M.K.K.); Fax: +82-2-761-6869 (H.S.H.); +82-2-741-3187 (M.K.K.)
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