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Bekić S, Petri E, Krstić S, Ćelić A, Jovanović-Šanta S. Detection of isoflavones and phytoestrogen-rich plant extracts binding to estrogen receptor β using a yeast-based fluorescent assay. Anal Biochem 2024; 690:115529. [PMID: 38582243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Alchemilla vulgaris L., Trifolium pratense L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. are important remedies in traditional medicine, known for many usages, including treating gynecological diseases. Despite folkloric use of the plant materials, there is a lack of scientific data to support their therapeutic application. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the relative binding affinities (RBAs) of plant-derived phytoestrogens for estrogen receptor β (ERβ) using fluorescent biosensor in yeast and to apply this assay for the assessment of the potential of plant materials towards ERs and treatment of estrogen-related disorders. Ligand-binding domain of ERβ fused with yellow fluorescent protein (ERβ LBD-YFP) was expressed in S. cerevisiae and fluorescence was detected by fluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy. Structural basis for experimental results was explored by molecular docking. Yeast-based fluorescent assay was successfully optimized and applied for identification of natural phenolic compounds and phytoestrogen-rich plant extracts that interact with ERβ-LBD, making this biosensor a valuable tool for screening estrogenic potential of a variety of plant extracts. This assay can be used for preliminary testing of plant-derived or fungal extracts, but also other sources of environmental substances with ER-modulating activity in order to assess their possible effects on the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Bekić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Edward Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Krstić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andjelka Ćelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Suzana Jovanović-Šanta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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2
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Kinkade CW, Aleksunes LM, Brinker A, Buckley B, Brunner J, Wang C, Miller RK, O'Connor TG, Rivera-Núñez Z, Barrett ES. Associations between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 260:114405. [PMID: 38878407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a fungal-derived toxin found in global food supplies including cereal grains and processed foods, impacting populations worldwide through diet. Because the chemical structure of ZEN and metabolites closely resembles 17β-estradiol (E2), they interact with estrogen receptors α/β earning their designation as 'mycoestrogens'. In animal models, gestational exposure to mycoestrogens disrupts estrogen activity and impairs fetal growth. Here, our objective was to evaluate relationships between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal circulation and cord blood for the first time in humans. In each trimester, pregnant participants in the UPSIDE study (n = 297) provided urine for mycoestrogen analysis and serum for hormone analysis. At birth, placental mycoestrogens and cord steroids were measured. We fitted longitudinal models examining log-transformed mycoestrogen concentrations in relation to log-transformed hormones, adjusting for covariates. Secondarily, multivariable linear models examined associations at each time point (1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters, delivery). We additionally considered effect modification by fetal sex. ZEN and its metabolite, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), were detected in >93% and >75% of urine samples; >80% of placentas had detectable mycoestrogens. Longitudinal models from the full cohort exhibited few significant associations. In sex-stratified analyses, in pregnancies with male fetuses, estrone (E1) and free testosterone (fT) were inversely associated with ZEN (E1 %Δ: -6.68 95%CI: -12.34, -0.65; fT %Δ: -3.22 95%CI: -5.68, -0.70); while α-ZOL was positively associated with E2 (%Δ: 5.61 95%CI: -1.54, 9.85) in pregnancies with female fetuses. In analysis with cord hormones, urinary mycoestrogens were inversely associated with androstenedione (%Δ: 9.15 95%CI: 14.64, -3.30) in both sexes, and placental mycoestrogens were positively associated with cord fT (%Δ: 37.13, 95%CI: 4.86, 79.34) amongst male offspring. Findings support the hypothesis that mycoestrogens act as endocrine disruptors in humans, as in animal models and livestock. Additional work is needed to understand impacts on maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W Kinkade
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anita Brinker
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor - UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Richard K Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Rochester, New York, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, NY, USA; Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester, USA
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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3
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Karaca E, Yarim M. Naringenin stimulates aromatase expression and alleviates the clinical and histopathological findings of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57bl6 mice. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:477-490. [PMID: 37378907 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to demonstrate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of naringenin, an estrogenically effective flavonoid, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is the rodent model of multiple sclerosis. For this purpose, 50 12-week-old C57BL6 male mice were divided into five groups; control, naringenin, EAE, prophylactic naringenin + EAE, and EAE + therapeutic naringenin. The EAE model was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(35-55), and naringenin (50 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of naringenin were examined according to clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and RT-PCR (aromatase, 3βHSD, estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptor expression) parameters. The acute EAE model was successfully induced, along with its clinical and histopathological findings. RT-PCR showed that expression of aromatase, 3βHSD, estrogen receptor-β, and progesterone receptor gene decreased, while estrogen receptor-α increased after EAE induction. Electron microscopic analysis showed mitochondrial damage and degenerative changes in myelinated axons and neurons in EAE, which could be behind the downregulation in the expressions of neurosteroid enzymes. Aromatase immunopositivity rates also decreased in EAE, while estrogen receptor α and β, and progesterone receptor immunopositivity rates increased. Naringenin improved aromatase immunopositivity rates and gene expression in both prophylactic and therapeutic use. Clinical and histopathological findings revealed that EAE findings were alleviated in both prophylactic and therapeutic groups, along with significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltrations in the white matter of the spinal cords. In conclusion, naringenin could provide long-term beneficial effects even in prophylactic use due to stimulating aromatase expression, but it could not prevent or eliminate the EAE model's lesions completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Karaca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55200, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Murat Yarim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55200, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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4
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Seo H, Seo H, Byrd N, Kim H, Lee KG, Lee SH, Park Y. Human cell-based estrogen receptor beta dimerization assay. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110264. [PMID: 36402211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is not only responsible for important functions in the human body, such as cell growth, reproduction, differentiation, and development, but it is also deeply related to pathological processes, such as cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Estrogens and other estrogenic compounds have transcriptional activities through binding with the estrogen receptor (ER) to induce ER dimerization. The two estrogen receptor subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), show structural differences and have different expression ratios in specific cells and tissues. Currently, the methods for confirming the estrogenic properties of compounds are the binding (Test guideline no. 493) and transactivation (Test guideline no. 455) assays provided by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In a previous study, we developed an ERα dimerization assay based on the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) system, but there are currently no available tests that can confirm the effect of estrogenic compounds on ERβ. Therefore, in this study, we developed a BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay to confirm the estrogenic prosperities of compounds. The BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay was verified using nine representative ER ligands and the results were compared with the dimerization activity of ERα. In conclusion, our BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay can provide information on the ERβ dimerization potential of estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nick Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campden BRI, Chipping Campden, GL55 6LD, UK
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Khan MZI, Uzair M, Nazli A, Chen JZ. An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114658. [PMID: 35964426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen governs the regulations of various pathological and physiological actions throughout the body in both males and females. Generally, 17β-estradiol an endogenous estrogen is responsible for different health problems in pre and postmenopausal women. The major activities of endogenous estrogen are executed by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ while non-genomic cytoplasmic pathways also govern cell growth and apoptosis. Estrogen accomplished a fundamental role in the formation and progression of breast cancer. In this review, we have hyphenated different studies regarding ERs and a thorough and detailed study of estrogen receptors is presented. This review highlights different aspects of estrogens ranging from receptor types, their isoforms, structures, signaling pathways of ERα, ERβ and GPER along with their crystal structures, pathological roles of ER, ER ligands, and therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Adila Nazli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153238. [PMID: 35956414 PMCID: PMC9370575 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low endogenous estrogen action causes several injuries. Medicinal plants, such as flaxseed and mulberry, contain substances that have been shown to be effective to the organism. The aim was to verify the effects of flaxseed and/or mulberry extracts on ovariectomized Wistar rats. The animals received supplements of extracts and estrogen or saline by gavage for 60 days and were weighed weekly. Vaginal wash, blood, pituitary, uterus, liver, and kidneys were collected. Phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the extracts, lipid profile, uric acid, liver enzymes, and pituitary weight were measured. Histomorphometric for uterine wall and histopathological analyses for liver and kidney were performed. Flaxseed and mulberry extracts showed great antioxidant activity and large amounts of phenolic compounds. The treatment with extracts had less weight gain, increased pituitary weight, the predominance of vaginal epithelial cells, and reduced TC, LDL-c and lipase activity, similar to estrogen animals. Estrogen or flaxseed + mulberry animals reduced VLDL-c and TAG. HDL-c, uric acid, and liver enzymes did not differ. Estrogen or extracts demonstrated trophic action on the endometrial thickness and have not shown hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. We suggested the beneficial effects of flaxseed and mulberry extract as an alternative to reduce and/or prevent the negative effects caused by low estrogenic action.
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Sim KS, Park S, Seo H, Lee SH, Lee HS, Park Y, Kim JH. Comparative study of estrogenic activities of phytoestrogens using OECD in vitro and in vivo testing methods. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115815. [PMID: 34848279 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With growing scientific interest in phytoestrogens, a number of studies have investigated the estrogenic potential of phytoestrogens in a wide variety of assay systems. However, evaluations of individual phytoestrogens with different assay systems make it difficult for predicting their relative estrogenic potency. The objective of this study was to compare estrogenic properties of fifteen known phytoestrogens using an estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) dimerization assay and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standardized methods including in vitro estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation assay using VM7Luc4E2 cells and in vivo uterotrophic assay using an immature rat model. Human ER-α dimerization assay showed positive responses of eight test compounds and negative responses of seven compounds. These results were consistently found in luciferase reporter assay results for evaluating ER transactivation ability. Seven test compounds exhibiting relatively higher in vitro estrogenic activities were subjected to uterotrophic bioassays. Significant increases in uterine weights were only found after treatments with biochanin A, 8-prenylnaringenin, and coumestrol. Importantly, their uterotrophic effects were lost when animals were co-treated with antagonist of ER, indicating their ER-dependent effects in the uterus. In addition, analysis of estrogen responsive genes revealed that these phytoestrogens regulated uterine gene expressions differently compared to estrogens. Test methods used in this study provided a high consistency between in vitro and in vivo results. Thus, they could be used as effective screening tools for phytoestrogens, particularly focusing on their interactions with ER-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Sim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea.
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Kinkade CW, Rivera-Núñez Z, Gorcyzca L, Aleksunes LM, Barrett ES. Impact of Fusarium-Derived Mycoestrogens on Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060373. [PMID: 34073731 PMCID: PMC8225184 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of the world’s food supply and animal feed with mycotoxins is a growing concern as global temperatures rise and promote the growth of fungus. Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi, is a common contaminant of cereal grains and has also been detected at lower levels in meat, milk, and spices. ZEN’s synthetic derivative, zeranol, is used as a growth promoter in United States (US) and Canadian beef production. Experimental research suggests that ZEN and zeranol disrupt the endocrine and reproductive systems, leading to infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome-like phenotypes, pregnancy loss, and low birth weight. With widespread human dietary exposure and growing experimental evidence of endocrine-disrupting properties, a comprehensive review of the impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites on the female reproductive system is warranted. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological literature and evaluate the potential impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites (commonly referred to as mycoestrogens) on female reproductive outcomes. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42020166469) of the literature (2000–2020) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data sources were primary literature published in English obtained from searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The ToxR tool was applied to assess risk of bias. In vitro and in vivo studies (n = 104) were identified and, overall, evidence consistently supported adverse effects of mycoestrogens on physiological processes, organs, and tissues associated with female reproduction. In non-pregnant animals, mycoestrogens alter follicular profiles in the ovary, disrupt estrus cycling, and increase myometrium thickness. Furthermore, during pregnancy, mycoestrogen exposure contributes to placental hemorrhage, stillbirth, and impaired fetal growth. No epidemiological studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W. Kinkade
- Joint Graduate Program in Exposure Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.K.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ludwik Gorcyzca
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA;
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (Z.R.-N.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: (C.W.K.); (E.S.B.)
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Ugwah-Oguejiofor CJ, Okoli CO, Ugwah MO, Okolo RU, Bello SO. Assessment of reproductive impact of the aerial parts of Caralluma dalzielii N. E. Br in female Wistar rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05199. [PMID: 33102839 PMCID: PMC7575800 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caralluma dalzielii N. E. Brown belonging to family Asclepiadaceae, is a popular cactus-shaped plant native to East Africa. The aerial parts are used traditionally for treating various diseases including infertility. The present study evaluated the effects of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Caralluma dalzielii (AECD) on reproductive performance of female Wistar rats. Adult female virgin rats were allotted into four major groups namely pre-conception, post-conception, implantation site and ovariectomized rats' groups. Each group was subdivided into 4 groups and treated orally with 125, 250, 500 mg/kg of AECD or distilled water (vehicle). In the pre-conception and post-conception groups, litter sizes, pups' weights, deformities, gestation length and reproductive indices were determined. Number of implantation sites and weights of embryos were assessed in the implantation site group while in the ovariectomised rats' group, uterine weights were determined. AECD produced no difference in litter size and reproductive indices in pre-conception group while in post-conception group the litter size at 500 mg/kg was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to the control. Post-implantation loss index was high, and the other reproductive indices were reduced at 500 mg/kg. Whereas at the dose of 125 mg/kg, post-implantation loss index was reduced, and litter size was increased when compared to the control group. At 500 mg/kg, AECD caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the number of implantation sites and weight of embryos while at 125 mg/kg the implantation sites increased. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the uterine weight in the ovariectomised rats' group was observed at all dose levels. Our study provides scientific evidence that supports the traditional use of AECD in the treatment of infertility. At a lower dose, AECD acts by increasing the number of implantation sites and litter size of animals but at a higher dose, it may be embryotoxic. AECD increases uterine wet weight in ovariectomised rats suggesting that the plant may be oestrogen-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye J. Ugwah-Oguejiofor
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Charles O. Okoli
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Michael O. Ugwah
- Department of Pharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ray U. Okolo
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Shuaibu O. Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Jefferson WN, Padilla-Banks E, Suen AA, Royer LJ, Zeldin SM, Arora R, Williams CJ. Uterine Patterning, Endometrial Gland Development, and Implantation Failure in Mice Exposed Neonatally to Genistein. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:37001. [PMID: 32186404 PMCID: PMC7138129 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryo implantation relies on precise hormonal regulation, associated gene expression changes, and appropriate female reproductive tract tissue architecture. Female mice exposed neonatally to the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) at doses similar to those in infants consuming soy-based infant formulas are infertile due in part to uterine implantation defects. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the mechanisms by which neonatal GEN exposure causes implantation defects. METHODS Female mice were exposed to GEN on postnatal days (PND)1-5 and uterine tissues collected on PND5, PND22-26, and during pregnancy. Analysis of tissue weights, morphology, and gene expression was performed using standard histology, confocal imaging with three-dimensional analysis, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), and microarrays. The response of ovariectomized adults to 17 β -estradiol (E2) and artificial decidualization were measured. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) injections were given intraperitoneally and implantation sites visualized. Gene expression patterns were compared with curated data sets to identify upstream regulators. RESULTS GEN-exposed mice exhibited reduced uterine weight gain in response to E2 treatment or artificial decidualization compared with controls; however, expression of select hormone responsive genes remained similar between the two groups. Uteri from pregnant GEN-exposed mice were posteriorized and had reduced glandular epithelium. Implantation failure was not rescued by LIF administration. Microarray analysis of GEN-exposed uteri during early pregnancy revealed significant overlap with several conditional uterine knockout mouse models, including Foxa2, Wnt4, and Sox17. These models exhibit reduced endometrial glands, features of posteriorization and implantation failure. Expression of Foxa2, Wnt4, and Sox17, as well as genes important for neonatal uterine differentiation (Wnt7a, Hoxa10, and Msx2), were severely disrupted on PND5 in GEN-exposed mice. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that neonatal GEN exposure in mice disrupts expression of genes important for uterine development, causing posteriorization and diminished gland function during pregnancy that contribute to implantation failure. These findings could have implications for women who consumed soy-based formulas as infants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Jefferson
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisa A. Suen
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lindsey J. Royer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon M. Zeldin
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Ieko T, Inoue S, Inomata Y, Inoue H, Fujiki J, Iwano H. Glucuronidation as a metabolic barrier against zearalenone in rat everted intestine. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:153-161. [PMID: 31839622 PMCID: PMC7041979 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZON), produced by Fusarium fungi, exhibits estrogenic activity. Livestock
can be exposed to ZON orally through contaminating feeds such as cereals, leading to
reproductive disorders such as infertility and miscarriage via endocrine system
disruption. However, the details of ZON metabolism remain unclear, and the mechanism of
its toxicity has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of
ZON absorption and metabolism in rat segmented everted intestines. ZON absorption was
confirmed in each intestine segment 60 min after application to the mucosal buffer at 10
µM. Approximately half of the absorbed ZON was metabolized to
α-zearalenol, which tended to be mainly glucuronidated in intestinal cells. In the
proximal intestine, most of the glucuronide metabolized by intestinal cells was excreted
to the mucosal side, suggesting that the intestine plays an important role as a first drug
metabolism barrier for ZON. However, in the distal intestine, ZON metabolites tended to be
transported to the serosal side. Glucuronide transported to the serosal side could be
carried via the systemic circulation to the local tissues, where it could be reactivated
by deconjugation. These results are important with regard to the mechanism of endocrine
disruption caused by ZON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ieko
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Sumire Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yume Inomata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.,Nihon Doubutsu Tokushu Shindan Co., Ltd., Eniwa, Hokkaido 061-1374, Japan
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Belcher SM, Cline JM, Conley J, Groeters S, Jefferson WN, Law M, Mackey E, Suen AA, Williams CJ, Dixon D, Wolf JC. Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:1049-1071. [PMID: 31833458 PMCID: PMC8008741 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319879903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, investigations involving endocrine active substances (EAS) and reproductive toxicity have dominated the landscape of ecotoxicological research. This has occurred in concert with heightened awareness in the scientific community, general public, and governmental entities of the potential consequences of chemical perturbation in humans and wildlife. The exponential growth of experimentation in this field is fueled by our expanding knowledge into the complex nature of endocrine systems and the intricacy of their interactions with xenobiotic agents. Complicating factors include the ever-increasing number of novel receptors and alternate mechanistic pathways that have come to light, effects of chemical mixtures in the environment versus those of single EAS laboratory exposures, the challenge of differentiating endocrine disruption from direct cytotoxicity, and the potential for transgenerational effects. Although initially concerned with EAS effects chiefly in the thyroid glands and reproductive organs, it is now recognized that anthropomorphic substances may also adversely affect the nervous and immune systems via hormonal mechanisms and play substantial roles in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mac Law
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily Mackey
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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14
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Gramec Skledar D, Tvrdý V, Kenda M, Zega A, Pour M, Horký P, Mladěnka P, Sollner Dolenc M, Peterlin Mašič L. Applicability of the OECD 455 in-vitro assay for determination of hERa agonistic activity of isoflavonoids. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 386:114831. [PMID: 31756431 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-validated transactivation assay using the human estrogen receptor alpha (hERα) Hela9903 cell line is used for activity evaluation of hERα agonists and antagonists. Due to many advantages, this assay is broadly used as an initial screening process. However, response significantly higher from that of 17-β estradiol (E2) was observed with phytoestrogens for concentrations commonly above 1 μM in previous studies. The main aim of this study was thus to ascertain the applicability of OECD protocol 455 for evaluation of estrogenic activity of natural flavonoids, including known phytoestrogens. The estrogenic activities of aglycones as well as of O-methylated and glycosylated flavonoids were evaluated. Supra-maximal luciferase activity was seen for most of the flavonoids tested at concentrations even below 1 μM. hERα-mediated luciferase expression was confirmed with the competition assay specified in OECD protocol 455. However, at concentrations above 1 μM, non-specific interactions were also observed. Instead of EC50 values, which could not be determined for most of the isoflavonoids tested, the concentrations corresponding to 10% (PC10) and 50% (PC50) of the maximum activity of the positive control, E2, were used for quantitative determination of estrogenic activities. Appropriate evaluation of the data obtained with the current OECD protocol 455 validated assay represents a valuable tool for initial screening of natural flavonoids for estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Gramec Skledar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Václav Tvrdý
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maša Kenda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Steinkellner H, Binaglia M, Dall'Asta C, Gutleb AC, Metzler M, Oswald IP, Parent-Massin D, Alexander J. Combined hazard assessment of mycotoxins and their modified forms applying relative potency factors: Zearalenone and T2/HT2 toxin. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Abdel-Aleem GA, Shafik NM, El-Magd MA, Mohamed DA. Soya bean rich diet is associated with adult male rat aggressive behavior: relation to RF amide-related peptide 3-aromatase-neuroestrogen pathway in the brain. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1103-1115. [PMID: 31134480 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Relation between soya bean (SB) consumption and aggressive behavior has not been elucidated yet. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of large amount of SB consumption on adult male rats' aggressive behavior through investigating changes in the expression of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone/ RF amide-related peptide 3 (GnIH/RFRP3), neuropeptide FF receptor, cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (Cyp19A1), estrogen receptors α and β and the levels of neuroestrogen, dopamine, glutamate and testosterone as well as aromatase activity in the brain. Adult male rats were divided into three equal groups: group I, control group, received standard diet; group II and group III received 25% and 50% SB of their standard diet contents, respectively, for 12 weeks. The obtained results showed that feeding male rats with large amount of SB could induce aggressive behavior in a dose dependant manner possibly through inhibition of brain GnIH/RFRP-aromatase-neuroestrogen pathway. These effects may be through decreasing aromatase activity, neuroestrogen concentration, Cyp19A1 and ER β mRNA levels and increasing ER α mRNA levels and immunostaining as well as testosterone, dopamine and glutamate levels in the brain. These findings also provide further support for the inhibitory role of RFRP3 on aggressive behavior of male rats. These data may open new avenues for the potential harmful effects of consumption large amounts of SB rich food on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdel-Aleem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Noha M Shafik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Darin A Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt, Tanta, Egypt
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17
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Lee HS, Lee SH, Park Y. Enhancement of androgen transcriptional activation assay based on genome edited glucocorticoid knock out human prostate cancer cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:437-443. [PMID: 30735951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with the biological activity of hormones. Among EDC's, (anti-)androgenic compounds potentially cause several androgen-related diseases. To improve the accuracy of an in vitro transactivation assay (TA) for detection of (anti-)androgenic compounds, We established the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout 22Rv1/MMTV cell line by using an RNA-guided engineered nuclease (RGEN)-derived CRISPR/Cas system. The 22Rv1/MMTV GRKO cell line was characterized and validated by androgen receptor (AR)-mediated TA assay compared with the AR-TA assay using 22Rv1/MMTV. In conclusion, the AR-TA assay with the 22Rv1/MMTV GRKO cell line was more accurate, excluding the misleading signals derived from glucocorticoids or equivalent chemicals, and might be an effective method for screening potential (anti-)androgenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seok Lee
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Cai C, Liu C, Zhao L, Liu H, Li W, Guan H, Zhao L, Xiao J. Effects of Taxifolin on Osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1286. [PMID: 30483128 PMCID: PMC6240596 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease which has been a major public health problem and considered to be associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative damage. Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid and possesses many pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Because flavonoids have been confirmed to fight osteoporosis and promote bone health, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of taxifolin on the formation and function of osteoclast. In this study, we examined the effects of taxifolin on osteoclast using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Taxifolin suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB, C-Fos and mitogen-activated protein kinase, and also decreased osteoclast-specific genes expression, including Trap, Mmp-9, Cathepsin K, C-Fos, Nfatc1, and Rank. Taxifolin also prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following RANKL stimulation. In addition, taxifolin alleviated ovariectomized-induced bone loss by repressing osteoclast activity and decreasing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in vivo. Our results indicated that taxifolin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via regulation of modulation of several RANKL signaling pathways. Therefore, taxifolin may be considered as a potential alternative therapeutic agent for treating osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanfeng Guan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Mohamed AAR, Ahmed MM, Gomaa M, Ebraheim LLM. Bone health consequence of adjuvant Anastrozole in monotherapy or associated with biochanin-A in ovariectomized rat model. Life Sci 2018; 212:159-167. [PMID: 30290186 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigate the consequence of adjuvant anastrozole (ANA) in monotherapy or associated with biochanin A (BCA) in ovariectomized (OVX) rat model and the degree of developing bone loss in both conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty female rats were assigned to six groups. Five groups were bilaterally OVX, and one was sham operated. The five groups were; ANA group (0.5 mg/kg b.wt orally), BCA (5 mg/kg b.wt intraperitoneally (I/P), co-treated group (BCA + ANA), two control groups receiving even distilled water orally or DMSO I/P for twenty weeks. Bone turnover biomarkers BALP, OC, PTH, TRAP and TNFα were determined in serum. Bone mineral content, histological and morphometric measurements on rat femurs were performed. BMD by X-ray technique on tibias of rats and CT analysis of lumbar vertebrae of all treated and sham groups were applied. KEY FINDINGS There was marked elevation in bone turnover biomarkers with high serum Ca and P content in the ANA-treated rats. Moreover marked elevation of TNFα, PTH, TC and TG, ANA caused severe changes in the BMD detected by X-ray in tibial bones and CT analysis of lumbar vertebrae of OVX rats. While I/P injection of BCA ameliorated the adverse bone health decrements caused by ANA. SIGNIFICANCE The study highlights the importance of the BCA supplementation in accordance with the ANA therapy in case of ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis which is clinically presented in Postmenopausal women with breast cancer during which considerable risk of developing osteoporosis is predicted during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Dept. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gomaa
- Dept. of Surgery, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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20
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Adgent MA, Umbach DM, Zemel BS, Kelly A, Schall JI, Ford EG, James K, Darge K, Botelho JC, Vesper HW, Chandler DW, Nakamoto JM, Rogan WJ, Stallings VA. A Longitudinal Study of Estrogen-Responsive Tissues and Hormone Concentrations in Infants Fed Soy Formula. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1899-1909. [PMID: 29506126 PMCID: PMC6456922 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemicals with hormonelike activity, such as estrogenic isoflavones, may perturb human development. Infants exclusively fed soy-based formula are highly exposed to isoflavones, but their physiologic responses remain uncharacterized. Estrogen-responsive postnatal development was compared in infants exclusively fed soy formula, cow-milk formula, and breast milk. METHODS We enrolled 410 infants born in Philadelphia-area hospitals between 2010 and 2014; 283 were exclusively fed soy formula (n = 102), cow-milk formula (n = 111), or breast milk (n = 70) throughout the study (birth to 28 or 36 weeks for boys and girls, respectively). We repeatedly measured maturation index (MI) in vaginal and urethral epithelial cells using standard cytological methods, uterine volume and breast-bud diameter using ultrasound, and serum estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. We estimated MI, organ-growth, and hormone trajectories by diet using mixed-effects regression splines. RESULTS Maternal demographics did not differ between cow-milk-fed and soy-fed infants but did differ between formula-fed and breastfed infants. Vaginal-cell MI trended higher (P = 0.01) and uterine volume decreased more slowly (P = 0.01) in soy-fed girls compared with cow-milk-fed girls; however, their trajectories of breast-bud diameter and hormone concentrations did not differ. We observed no significant differences between boys fed cow-milk vs soy formula; estradiol was not detectable. Breastfed infants differed from soy-formula-fed infants in vaginal-cell MI, uterine volume, and girls' estradiol and boys' breast-bud diameter trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Relative to girls fed cow-milk formula, those fed soy formula demonstrated tissue- and organ-level developmental trajectories consistent with response to exogenous estrogen exposure. Studies are needed to further evaluate the effects of soy on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Adgent
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Margaret A. Adgent, PhD, 1313 21st Avenue S, Suite 313, Nashville, Tennessee 37232. E-mail:
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Kelly
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joan I Schall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eileen G Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry James
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kassa Darge
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julianne C Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jon M Nakamoto
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California
| | - Walter J Rogan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Virginia A Stallings
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Borgert CJ, Matthews JC, Baker SP. Human-relevant potency threshold (HRPT) for ERα agonism. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1685-1702. [PMID: 29632997 PMCID: PMC5962616 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The European Commission has recently proposed draft criteria for the identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that pose a significant hazard to humans or the environment. Identifying and characterizing toxic hazards based on the manner by which adverse effects are produced rather than on the nature of those adverse effects departs from traditional practice and requires a proper interpretation of the evidence regarding the chemical’s ability to produce physiological effect(s) via a specific mode of action (MoA). The ability of any chemical to produce a physiological effect depends on its pharmacokinetics and the potency by which it acts via the various MoAs that can lead to the particular effect. A chemical’s potency for a specific MoA—its mechanistic potency—is determined by two properties: (1) its affinity for the functional components that comprise the MoA, i.e., its specific receptors, enzymes, transporters, transcriptional elements, etc., and (2) its ability to alter the functional state of those components (activity). Using the agonist MoA via estrogen receptor alpha, we illustrate an empirical method for determining a human-relevant potency threshold (HRPT), defined as the minimum level of mechanistic potency necessary for a chemical to be able to act via a particular MoA in humans. One important use for an HRPT is to distinguish between chemicals that may be capable of, versus those likely to be incapable of, producing adverse effects in humans via the specified MoA. The method involves comparing chemicals that have different ERα agonist potencies with the ability of those chemicals to produce ERα-mediated agonist responses in human clinical trials. Based on this approach, we propose an HRPT for ERα agonism of 1E-04 relative to the potency of the endogenous estrogenic hormone 17β-estradiol or the pharmaceutical estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol. This approach provides a practical way to address Hazard Identification according to the draft criteria for identification of EDCs recently proposed by the European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Borgert
- Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology, Inc. and CEHT, Univ. FL College of Vet. Med., Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - John C Matthews
- University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
| | - Stephen P Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Elsherbini AM, Mohammed MAR, Ibrahim FM. Effect of Biochanin A versus 17β estradiol in rat submandibular salivary gland. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:579-588. [PMID: 28993577 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic nature of development mandates the observation of the effect of any exogenous substance, especially those with estrogenic activities, during critical phases of development. The submandibular gland (SMG) presents as a great model due to extensive postnatal development, and is known to be regulated and affected by hormones as well as growth factors. Herein, we observed postnatal development following low doses of Biochanin A (BCA) and 17β estradiol (E2) in rats. The pups were randomly divided into four groups: control, BCA, E2, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and euthanized at the 6th, 15th, 30th, and 60th postnatal days (PND). SMG morphogenesis was assessed. The nuclear expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) was evaluated immunohistochemically; ERβ expression was up-regulated by BCA and down-regulated by E2. Similarly, caspase three gene expression, assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction was increased in the BCA group but decreased in the E2 group. A significant decrease in epidermal growth factor gene expression was noted at PND 30. The results presented by this study provide evidence that the effect of a postnatal exposure of the SMG to Biochanin A during development could be linked to sex hormone-dependent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma M Ibrahim
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
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Yip KY, Wan MLY, Wong AST, Korach KS, El-Nezami H. Combined low-dose zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 on cell growth and cell-cycle progression in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:139-151. [PMID: 28965971 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) has long been recognized as a xenoestrogen, while the endocrine disrupting effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) have been identified recently. Due to co-occurrence and endocrine disrupting potentials of ZEA and AFB1, it was hypothesized that co-exposure to ZEA and AFB1 might affect breast cancer cell growth. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of ZEA and AFB1 (1nM-100nM) on cell growth and cell cycle progression, using a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Our results showed that ZEA and AFB1 produced significant interactive effects on cell growth, DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. While ZEA promoted growth, DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, AFB1 was cytotoxic and counteracted the effects of ZEA. ZEA altered the expression of several breast cancer related genes, whereas AFB1 had minimal effects on gene expression. With the use of specific inhibitors, ERα, GPER and MAPK pathways were found to be responsible for ZEA's effects on cell growth; while MAPK pathways might be involved in cytotoxic effects by AFB1. This study is first to report the effects of co-exposure of ZEA and AFB1 on breast cancer cell growth, possibly through ER dependent pathway. This suggested that endocrine-disrupting mycotoxins that co-occur in human food can interact and influence human health. Future work on interactive effects of endocrine-disrupting mycotoxins or other xenoestrogens is warranted, which will contribute to improved risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yiu Yip
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Murphy Lam Yim Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Wang YJ, Zhang HQ, Han HL, Zou YY, Gao QL, Yang GT. Taxifolin enhances osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partially via NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Phytochemicals Targeting Estrogen Receptors: Beneficial Rather Than Adverse Effects? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071381. [PMID: 28657580 PMCID: PMC5535874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the effects of estrogen are mainly mediated by two different estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. These proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family, characterized by distinct structural and functional domains, and participate in the regulation of different biological processes, including cell growth, survival and differentiation. The two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes are generated from two distinct genes and have partially distinct expression patterns. Their activities are modulated differently by a range of natural and synthetic ligands. Some of these ligands show agonistic or antagonistic effects depending on ER subtype and are described as selective ER modulators (SERMs). Accordingly, a few phytochemicals, called phytoestrogens, which are synthesized from plants and vegetables, show low estrogenic activity or anti-estrogenic activity with potentially anti-proliferative effects that offer nutraceutical or pharmacological advantages. These compounds may be used as hormonal substitutes or as complements in breast cancer treatments. In this review, we discuss and summarize the in vitro and in vivo effects of certain phytoestrogens and their potential roles in the interaction with estrogen receptors.
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Yang X, Guo Y, He J, Zhang F, Sun X, Yang S, Dong H. Estrogen and estrogen receptors in the modulation of gastrointestinal epithelial secretion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97683-97692. [PMID: 29228643 PMCID: PMC5722595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial ion transport is physiologically important in many aspects of humans, such as in maintaining fluid balance of whole body, and also plays a role in the development and progression of common GI disease. Estrogen and estrogen receptors have been shown to modulate the activity of epithelial ion secretion in GI tract. This review aims to address the current state of knowledge about the role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in modulation of GI epithelial secretion and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We highlight the recent findings regarding the importance of estrogen and estrogen receptors in GI epithelia protection and body fluid balance by modulation of gastrointestinal epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretion, especially current information about the regulatory mechanisms of duodenal HCO3- secretion based on our study in this field. Since there are no reviews on this topic but only few papers to address the main issues, we hope to timely provide new perspectives for the association between estrogen and GI disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Jameera Begam A, Jubie S, Nanjan MJ. Estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists in breast cancer therapy: A critical review. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:257-274. [PMID: 28274582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens display intriguing tissue selective action that is of great biomedical importance in the development of optimal therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. There are also strong evidences to show that both endogenous and exogenous estrogens are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has been the only drug of choice for more than 30years to treat patients with estrogen related (ER) positive breast tumors. There is a need therefore, for identifying newer, potential and novel candidates for breast cancer. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses on selective estrogen receptor modulators and estrogen antagonists such as sulfatase and aromatase inhibitors involved in breast cancer therapy. A succinct and critical overview of the structure of estrogen receptors, their signaling and involvement in breast carcinogenesis are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jameera Begam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, India; A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore, India
| | - S Jubie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, India; A Constituent College of JSS University, Mysore, India.
| | - M J Nanjan
- TIFAC CORE HD, JSS University, Mysore, India
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Dietz BM, Hajirahimkhan A, Dunlap TL, Bolton JL. Botanicals and Their Bioactive Phytochemicals for Women's Health. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:1026-1073. [PMID: 27677719 PMCID: PMC5050441 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. The specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. Younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. Botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. Some examples include Vitex agnus-castus (chasteberry), Angelica sinensis (dong quai), Viburnum opulus/prunifolium (cramp bark and black haw), and Zingiber officinale (ginger). Pregnant women have also used ginger for relief from nausea. Natural galactagogues for lactating women include Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and Silybum marianum (milk thistle); however, rigorous safety and efficacy studies are lacking. Older women suffering menopausal symptoms are increasingly likely to use botanicals, especially since the Women's Health Initiative showed an increased risk for breast cancer associated with traditional hormone therapy. Serotonergic mechanisms similar to antidepressants have been proposed for Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) and Valeriana officinalis (valerian). Plant extracts with estrogenic activities for menopausal symptom relief include Glycine max (soy), Trifolium pratense (red clover), Pueraria lobata (kudzu), Humulus lupulus (hops), Glycyrrhiza species (licorice), Rheum rhaponticum (rhubarb), Vitex agnus-castus (chasteberry), Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed), Epimedium species (herba Epimedii, horny goat weed), and Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Some of the estrogenic botanicals have also been shown to have protective effects against osteoporosis. Several of these botanicals could have additional breast cancer preventive effects linked to hormonal, chemical, inflammatory, and/or epigenetic pathways. Finally, although botanicals are perceived as natural safe remedies, it is important for women and their healthcare providers to realize that they have not been rigorously tested for potential toxic effects and/or drug/botanical interactions. Understanding the mechanism of action of these supplements used for women's health will ultimately lead to standardized botanical products with higher efficacy, safety, and chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tareisha L Dunlap
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Judy L Bolton
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Xenoestrogens diethylstilbestrol and zearalenone negatively influence pubertal rat's testis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2016; 47:S113-20. [PMID: 20067881 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-009-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to assess the impact of xenoestrogens: diethylstilbestrol (DES) and zearalenone (ZEA) on rat's pubertal testis and to compare it with the effect of natural estrogen - 17beta-estradiol (E). Male Wistar rats were daily, subcutaneously injected at 5th-15th postnatal days (p.d.) with E (1.25 or 12.5 mug) or DES (1.25 or 12.5 mug) or ZEA (4 or 40 mug) or vehicle. At 16th p.d. testes were dissected, weighted, and paraffin embedded. Following parameters were assessed: diameter and length of seminiferous tubule, numbers of spermatogonia A+intermediate+B (A/In/B), preleptotene spermatocytes (PL), leptotene+zygotene+pachytene spermatocytes (L/Z/PA) and Sertoli cells per testis. Testes weight, seminiferous tubule diameter and length were decreased by both doses of E, DES and ZEA. DES effect was the strongest, but its influence on testis weight and seminiferous tubule length, on the contrary to E and ZEA, was not dose-dependent. Similarly, DES in both doses had the most severe negative impact on the number of germ and Sertoli cells. The negative influence of E on germ cells was less pronounced. The negative effect of ZEA was seen only after administration of the higher dose on spermatogonia number, while DES and E decreased A/In/B number more evidently. Sertoli cell number were decreased after both doses of E. ZEA40 decreased Sertoli cell number while ZEA4 had no effect. CONCLUSION exposure of prepubertal male rat to DES has the strongest detrimental effect on the developing testis in comparison to E and ZEA. Both, E and DES, decreased number of germ and Sertoli cells, diminished seminiferous tubule diameter, length and testis weight. ZEA had much more weaker effect than the potent estrogens.
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Appropriateness to set a group health‐based guidance value for zearalenone and its modified forms. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zama AM, Bhurke A, Uzumcu M. Effects of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals on Female Reproductive Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly prevalent in the environment and the evidence demonstrates that they affect reproductive health, has been accumulating for the last few decades. In this review of recent literature, we present evidence of the effects of estrogen-mimicking EDCs on female reproductive health especially the ovaries and uteri. As representative EDCs, data from studies with a pharmaceutical estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), an organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC), a phytoestrogen (genistein), and a chemical used in plastics, bisphenol a (BPA) have been presented. We also discuss the effects of a commonly found plasticizer in the environment, a phthalate (DEHP), even though it is not a typical estrogenic EDC. Collectively, these studies show that exposures during fetal and neonatal periods cause developmental reprogramming leading to adult reproductive disease. Puberty, estrous cyclicity, ovarian follicular development, and uterine functions are all affected by exposure to these EDCs. Evidence that epigenetic modifications are involved in the progression to adult disease is also presented.
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Uifălean A, Schneider S, Ionescu C, Lalk M, Iuga CA. Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2015; 21:E13. [PMID: 26703550 PMCID: PMC6273223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential benefit of soy isoflavones in breast cancer chemoprevention, as suggested by epidemiological studies, has aroused the interest of numerous scientists for over twenty years. Although intensive work has been done in this field, the preclinical results continue to be controversial and the molecular mechanisms are far from being fully understood. The antiproliferative effect of soy isoflavones has been commonly linked to the estrogen receptor interaction, but there is growing evidence that other pathways are influenced as well. Among these, the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis or antioxidant properties have been recently explored using various isoflavone doses and various breast cancer cells. In this review, we offer a comprehensive perspective on the molecular mechanisms of isoflavones observed in in vitro studies, emphasizing each time the dose-effect relationship and estrogen receptor status of the cells. Furthermore, we present future research directions in this field which could provide a better understanding of the inner molecular mechanisms of soy isoflavones in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff Street 4, Greifswald 17487, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff Street 4, Greifswald 17487, Germany.
| | - Corina Ionescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania.
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Felix-Hausdorff Street 4, Greifswald 17487, Germany.
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania.
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Estrogen alleviates acetic acid-induced gastric or colonic damage via both ERα- and ERβ-mediated and direct antioxidant mechanisms in rats. Inflammation 2015; 37:694-705. [PMID: 24323397 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to demonstrate the possible protective effects of estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ERβ receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of colonic and gastric oxidant damage, experimental ulcer and colitis were induced by acetic acid, and the animals were randomly divided as colitis, ulcer, and their corresponding non-ulcer and non-colitis control groups. Each group of rats was treated intramuscularly with the vehicle, selective ERα agonist propylpyrazole-triol (1 mg/kg), ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (1 mg/kg), non-selective ER agonist 17β estradiol (E2; 1 mg/kg), or E2 plus non-selective ER antagonist ICI-182780 (1 mg/kg). The results revealed that induction of ulcer or colitis resulted in systemic inflammation as assessed by increased levels of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In both tissues, the presence of oxidant damage was verified by histological analysis and elevated myleoperoxidase activity. In the colitis and ulcer groups, both ER agonists and the non-selective E2 reversed the oxidative damage in a similar manner. These findings indicate that estrogen acts via both ERα- and ERβ-mediated and direct antioxidant mechanisms, where both ER subtypes play equal and efficient roles in the anti-inflammatory action of estrogen, in limiting the migration of neutrophils to the inflamed tissue, reducing the release and activation of cytokines and thereby alleviating tissue damage.
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Li B, Cao J, Xing C, Wang Z, Cui L. Assessing estrogenic activity and reproductive toxicity of organic extracts in WWTP effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:942-952. [PMID: 25818108 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trace level organic contaminants might not be completely removed from the municipal wastewater and the safety incurred by them had become a concern. These organic pollutants were extracted from water samples and detected by GC-MS. The estrogenic activity of the organic was tested using Yeast Estrogen Screen to detect the transcriptional activation of the estrogen receptor (ER) and immature mouse uterotrophic bioassays to study reproductive toxicity. The results of GC-MS demonstrated the organic extracts in the municipal wastewater and the WWTP effluents Included two major categories, benzenes and Phthalates. The estrogenic activity of organic extracts from the secondary effluent (SE) and tertiary effluent (TE) was below that of the raw wastewater (RW). Results of uterotrophic bioassay demonstrated that SE would bring some potential hazards on animals while TE was relatively safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Zhengzhou Wastewater Purification Co Ltd, China
| | - Chuanhong Xing
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment Engineering, China; Research Institute of Nanjing University at Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhijin Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, China.
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Keiler AM, Dörfelt P, Chatterjee N, Helle J, Bader MI, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Kuhlee F, Thieme D, Zierau O. Assessment of the effects of naringenin-type flavanones in uterus and vagina. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:49-57. [PMID: 25305411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential utilization of plant secondary metabolites possessing estrogenic properties as alternatives to the classical hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the relief of postmenopausal complaints asks for an evaluation regarding the safety in reproductive organs. In order to contribute to the estimation of the safety profile of the flavanones naringenin (Nar), 8‑prenylnaringenin (8PN) and 6‑(1,1‑dimethylally) naringenin (6DMAN), we investigated uterus and vagina derived from a three‑day uterotrophic assay in rats. Also, we investigated the metabolite profile resulting from the incubation of the three substances with liver microsomes. While no metabolites were detectable for naringenin, hydroxylation products were observed for 8PN and 6DMAN after incubation with human as well as rat liver microsomes. The parent compound naringenin did not evoke any estrogenic responses in the investigated parameters. A significant increase of the uterine wet weight, uterine epithelial thickness and proliferating vaginal cells was observed in response to 8PN, questioning the safety of 8PN if applied in the human situation. In contrast, no estrogenic effects on the reproductive organs were observed for 6DMAN in the conducted study, rendering it the compound with a more promising safety profile, therefore justifying further investigations into its efficacy to alleviate postmenopausal discomforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin Martina Keiler
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peggy Dörfelt
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Namita Chatterjee
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselear, NY, USA
| | - Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Kuhlee
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Detlef Thieme
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS), Kreischa, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Kiyama R, Zhu Y. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling of estrogenic chemicals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2065-82. [PMID: 24399289 PMCID: PMC11113397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We summarize updated information about DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling by focusing on its application to estrogenic chemicals. First, estrogenic chemicals, including natural/industrial estrogens and phytoestrogens, and the methods for detection and evaluation of estrogenic chemicals were overviewed along with a comprehensive list of estrogenic chemicals of natural or industrial origin. Second, gene expression profiling of chemicals using a focused microarray containing estrogen-responsive genes is summarized. Third, silent estrogens, a new type of estrogenic chemicals characterized by their estrogenic gene expression profiles without growth stimulative or inhibitory effects, have been identified so far exclusively by DNA microarray assay. Lastly, the prospect of a microarray assay is discussed, including issues such as commercialization, future directions of applications and quality control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Signaling Molecules Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan,
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Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are ubiquitous and persistent compounds that have the capacity to interfere with normal endocrine homoeostasis. The female reproductive tract is exquisitely sensitive to the action of sex steroids, and oestrogens play a key role in normal reproductive function. Malignancies of the female reproductive tract are the fourth most common cancer in women, with endometrial cancer accounting for most cases. Established risk factors for development of endometrial cancer include high BMI and exposure to oestrogens or synthetic compounds such as tamoxifen. Studies on cell and animal models have provided evidence that many EDC can bind oestrogen receptors and highlighted early life exposure as a window of risk for adverse lifelong effects on the reproductive system. The most robust evidence for a link between early life exposure to EDC and adverse reproductive health has come from studies on women who were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Demonstration that EDC can alter expression of members of the HOX gene cluster highlights one pathway that might be vulnerable to their actions. In summary, evidence for a direct link between EDC exposure and cancers of the reproductive system is currently incomplete. It will be challenging to attribute causality to any single EDC when exposure and development of malignancy may be separated by many years and influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet (a source of phytoestrogens) and adiposity. This review considers some of the evidence collected to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Gibson
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Medigović I, Ristić N, Živanović J, Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Milošević V, Nestorović N. Diosgenin does not express estrogenic activity: a uterotrophic assay. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:292-8. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of diosgenin on estrogenic activity using a uterotrophic assay. Immature female rats received diosgenin orally at doses of 200, 100, or 20 mg/kg body mass; and 17α ethynylestradiol at doses of 1 or 0.3 μg/kg, daily, for 3 consecutive days from day 19 to day 21. Controls were distributed among 2 groups: an intact control group and a vehicle control group. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last application of diosgenin, estradiol, or vehicle (22nd day of life). Uterine wet weight, stereological and histomorphometrical changes, immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and the expression of lactoferrin (LF) were examined. Diosgenin did not affect the uterine wet weight, epithelium height, volume densities of endometrium, endometrial epithelia, number of endometrial glands, or histological appearance of vaginal epithelia. ERα, PR, and LF immunostaining intensity were not altered in the animals that received diosgenin. High-potency reference ER agonist 17α-ethynylestradiol induced a significant increase in all of the measured parameters, and as expected, decreased ERα immunostaining intensity. Based on these data, it can be concluded that diosgenin, at doses of 20–200 mg/kg, did not act as an estrogen agonist in the immature rat uterotrophic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Medigović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Despot Stefan Boulevard 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Barlas N, Özer S, Karabulut G. The estrogenic effects of apigenin, phloretin and myricetin based on uterotrophic assay in immature Wistar albino rats. Toxicol Lett 2014; 226:35-42. [PMID: 24487097 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemicals that occur in vegetal food and known as phytoestrogens, because of their structures similarity to estrogen, have benefits on chronic diseases. Despite this, when they are taken at high amounts, they can cause harmful effects on endocrine system of human and animals. In this study, it has been intended to determine the estrogenic potencies of phytoestrogens apigenin, phloretin and myricetin whose affinities for estrogen receptors in vitro. The female rats divided into 17 groups, each containing six rats. There was a negative control group and there were positive control dose groups which contains ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol+tamoxifen and genistein. The other dose groups which were tested for estrogenic activity contains apigenin, myricetin and phloretin All chemicals have been given to Wistar immature female rats with oral gavage for 3 consecutive days. By using uterotrophic analysis, uterus wet and blotted weights, vaginal opening, uterus length of female rats has been recorded at the end of the experiment. For detect of cell response, luminal epithelium height, gland number and lactoferrin intensity in luminal epithelium of uterus were evaluated. Biochemical analysises in blood were performed. Relative uterus weights of rats in 100 mg/kg/day dose group of myricetin were statistically increased according to vehicle control and positive control groups. In dose groups of apigenin and phloretin it was found that there were cell responses in uterus. All treatment groups had a significant difference in the high intensity of lactoferrin and uterine gland count compared to oil control group. There was no difference between phloretin and apigenin treatment groups in uterine weight statictically. Uterine heights were increased in positive control groups and 100 mg/kg/day dose group of myricetin. Epithelial cell heights were increased in treatment groups except apigenin and phloretin dose groups. There was no difference between all treatment groups in vaginal opening values according to positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhayat Barlas
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Saadet Özer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Karabulut
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Effect of zearalenone on reproductive parameters and expression of selected testicular genes in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:20-30. [PMID: 24412631 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We tested the effect of two different concentrations (150μg/l and 0.15μg/l) of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) on the reproductive parameters and expression of testicular genes in male mice. In adult males, no reduction of body or reproductive organ weight was observed, and the seminiferous tubules were morphologically normal with ongoing spermatogenesis. However, we found decreased sperm concentration, increase of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and increased binding of apoptotic marker annexin V. This study was also focused on the evaluation of gene expression profiles of 28 genes playing important roles during the processes occurring in the testicular tissue. We detected changes in the expression of genes important for proper spermatogenesis. Surprisingly, we observed a stronger effect after exposure to the lower dose of ZEA.
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Anchan D, Gafur A, Sano K, Ogawa S, Vasudevan N. Activation of the GPR30 receptor promotes lordosis in female mice. Neuroendocrinology 2014; 100:71-80. [PMID: 25012534 DOI: 10.1159/000365574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Estrogens are important effectors of reproduction and are critical for upregulating female reproductive behavior or lordosis in females. In addition to the importance of transcriptional regulation of genes by 17β-estradiol-bound estrogen receptors (ER), extranuclear signal transduction cascades such as protein kinase A (PKA) are also important in regulating female sexual receptivity. GPR30 (G-protein coupled receptor 30), also known as GPER1, a putative membrane ER (mER), is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds 17β-estradiol with an affinity that is similar to that possessed by the classical nuclear ER and activates both PKA and extracellular-regulated kinase signaling pathways. The high expression of GPR30 in the ventromedial hypothalamus, a region important for lordosis behavior as well as kinase cascades activated by this receptor, led us to hypothesize that GPR30 may regulate lordosis behavior in female rodents. METHOD In this study, we investigated the ability of G-1, a selective agonist of GPR30, to regulate lordosis in the female mouse by administering this agent prior to progesterone in an estradiol-progesterone priming paradigm prior to testing with stud males. RESULTS As expected, 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB), but not sesame oil, increased lordosis behavior in female mice. G-1 also increased lordosis behavior in female mice and decreased the number of rejective responses towards male mice, similar to the effect of EB. The selective GPR30 antagonist G-15 blocked these effects. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that activation of the mER GPR30 stimulates social behavior in a rodent model in a manner similar to EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Anchan
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, La., USA
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The preventive effect of biochanin a on bone loss in ovariectomized rats: involvement in regulation of growth and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:594857. [PMID: 23533501 PMCID: PMC3594937 DOI: 10.1155/2013/594857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a major isoflavone abundant in red clover (Trifolium pretense). The protective effect of BCA on bone loss in an ovariectomized (OVX) animal model has never been clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological effects of BCA on bone loss in OVX rats in vivo and on the development of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. Ovariectomy resulted in a marked increase in body weight and a decrease in femoral bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume that was prevented by BCA or 17 β -estradiol (E2) treatment. However, an increase in uterine weight was observed in E2-treated OVX rats, but not in response to BCA treatment. Treatment with BCA increased the mRNA expression of osterix, collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin and decreased the mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor- κ B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in the femur of OVX rats. Treatment with BCA or E2 prevented the OVX-induced increase in urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α ) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ). In vitro, BCA induced preosteoblasts to differentiate into osteoblasts and increased osteoblast mineralization. BCA inhibited preosteoclasts and osteoclast proliferation and decreased osteoclast bone resorption. These findings suggest that BCA treatment can effectively prevent the OVX-induced increase in bone loss and bone turnover possibly by increasing osteoblastic activities and decreasing osteoclastic activities.
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Leuner O, Havlik J, Hummelova J, Prokudina E, Novy P, Kokoska L. Distribution of isoflavones and coumestrol in neglected tropical and subtropical legumes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:575-9. [PMID: 22926873 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones and coumestrol from dietary legumes are plant constituents showing multiple beneficial effects on humans. Owing to their ability to bind with mammalian estrogenic receptors and thereby intervention in several kinds of hormone-related cancers, they have received much attention. Soybean (Glycine max) is currently the major source of isoflavonoids in human diet. However, dozens of tropical and subtropical leguminous species remain unexplored for their isoflavonoids content. RESULTS We have analyzed 55 extracts from 41 tropical and subtropical legume species used either in human or animal diet by high-performance liquid chromatography for the content of soy isoflavones, biochanin A, daidzein, daidzin, formononetin, genistein, genistin, sissotrin, ononin and the coumestan coumestrol. Genistein and biochanin A were the most abundant compounds. The highest content of genistein was found in aerial parts of Andira macrothyrsa, seeds of Pachyrhizus tuberosus and aerial parts of Calopogonium mucunoides (598, 250 and 184 µg g(-1), respectively) and biochanin A in aerial parts of Cratylia argentea, C. mucunoides and flowers of A. macrothyrsa (76, 53 and 40 µg g(-1), respectively). CONCLUSION None of the samples tested was richer overall source of soy isoflavones and coumestrol than soybean; nevertheless several species (C. mucunoides or A. macrothyrsa) may serve as a promising source of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Leuner
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Njamen D, Djiogue S, Zingue S, Mvondo MA, Nkeh-Chungag BN. In vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of extracts from Erythrina poeppigiana (Fabaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 10:/j/jcim.2013.10.issue-1/jcim-2013-0018/jcim-2013-0018.xml. [PMID: 23969473 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of AnimalBiology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.
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45
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Kamiya T, Takano A, Kido Y, Matsuzuka Y, Sameshima-Kamiya M, Tsubata M, Ikeguchi M, Takagaki K, Kinjo J. Evaluation of the Estrogenic Activity of Pueraria (Kudzu) Flower Extract and Its Major Isoflavones Using ER-Binding and Uterotrophic Bioassays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.42036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tools to evaluate estrogenic potency of dietary phytoestrogens:A consensus paper from the EU Thematic Network "Phytohealth" (QLKI-2002-2453). GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 1:143-58. [PMID: 18850210 DOI: 10.1007/bf02829964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plantderived polyphenols with estrogenic potency. They are ubiquitous in diet and therefore, generally consumed. Among Europeans, the diet is rich in multiple putative phytoestrogens including flavonoids, tannins, stilbenoids, and lignans. These compounds have been suggested to provide beneficial effects on multiple menopause-related conditions as well as on development of hormone-dependent cancers, which has increased the interest in products and foods with high phytoestrogen content. However, phytoestrogens may as well have adverse estrogenicity related effects similar to any estrogen. Therefore, the assessment of estrogenic potency of dietary compounds is of critical importance. Due to the complex nature of estrogenicity, no single comprehensive test approach is available. Instead, several in vitro and in vivo assays are applied to evaluate estrogenic potency. In vitro estrogen receptor (ER) binding assays provide information on the ability of the compound to I) interact with ERs, II) bind to estrogen responsive element on promoter of the target gene as ligand-ER complex, and III) interact between the co-activator and ERs in ligand-dependent manner. In addition, transactivation assays in cells screen for ligand-induced ERmediated gene activation. Biochemical in vitro analysis can be used to test for possible effects on protein activities and E-screen assays to measure (anti)proliferative response in estrogen responsive cells. However, for assessment of estrogenicity in organs and tissues, in vivo approaches are essential. In females, the uterotrophic assay is applicable for testing ERa agonistic and antagonistic dietary compounds in immature or adult ovariectomized animals. In addition, mammary gland targeted estrogenicity can be detected as stimulated ductal elongation and altered formation of terminal end buds in immature or peripubertal animals. In males, Hershberger assay in peri-pubertal castrated rats can be used to detect (anti)androgenic/ (anti)estrogenic responses in accessory sex glands and other hormone regulated tissues. In addition to these short-term assays, sub-acute and chronic reproductive toxicity assays as well as two-generation studies can be applied for phytoestrogens to confirm their safety in long-term use. For reliable assessment of estrogenicity of dietary phytoestrogens in vivo, special emphasis should be focused on selection of the basal diet, route and doses of administration, and possible metabolic differences between the species used and humans. In conclusion, further development and standardization of the estrogenicity test methods are needed for better interpretation of both the potential benefits and risks of increasing consumption of phytoestrogens from diets and supplements.
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Ren X, Lu F, Cui Y, Wang X, Bai C, Chen J, Huang C, Yang D. Protective effects of genistein and estradiol on PAHs-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1161-9. [PMID: 22736253 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112450900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or phytoestrogen is relatively well characterized. However, the toxicity of combined exposure to PAHs and phytoestrogen is not well investigated. In the present study, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and benzo(k)fluorathene (B(k)F), genistein, along with 17β-estradiol (E2), were investigated for their single and combined developmental toxicity using zebrafish embryos as model system. We demonstrated that two representative PAHs, both B(a)P (≥1 μM) and B(k)F (≥10 μM), can cause significant malformation and mortality in developing zebrafish embryos. The toxicity effect of B(a)P was in general higher than that of B(k)F. Developmental exposure to high level of genistein (>20 μM) or E2 (>10 μM), also caused significant malformation and mortality in zebrafish larvae at 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). However, different toxic effects were observed for the combined exposure to PAHs and phytoestrogen in zebrafish. Lower doses of genistein (1 and 10 μM) and E2 (0.1 and 1 μM), when used in combination with high concentration of B(a)P (1 μM) or B(k)F (20 μM), can significantly suppress the toxicity effect of B(a)P and B(k)F in developing zebrafish embryos. The beneficial effect of genistein may be due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes via directly interacting with aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, or disturbing the AhR pathway through interacting with estrogen receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ren
- Institute of Watershed Science and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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48
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Jefferson WN, Patisaul HB, Williams CJ. Reproductive consequences of developmental phytoestrogen exposure. Reproduction 2012; 143:247-60. [PMID: 22223686 PMCID: PMC3443604 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, estrogenic compounds derived from plants, are ubiquitous in human and animal diets. These chemicals are generally much less potent than estradiol but act via similar mechanisms. The most common source of phytoestrogen exposure to humans is soybean-derived foods that are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein. These isoflavones are also found at relatively high levels in soy-based infant formulas. Phytoestrogens have been promoted as healthy alternatives to synthetic estrogens and are found in many dietary supplements. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence that phytoestrogen exposure, particularly in the developmentally sensitive periods of life, has consequences for future reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Jefferson
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Heather B. Patisaul
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Dinsdale EC, Chen J, Ward WE. Early life exposure to isoflavones adversely affects reproductive health in first but not second generation female CD-1 mice. J Nutr 2011; 141:1996-2002. [PMID: 21940509 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.142281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy-based infant formula (SBIF) can be a substantial source of soy isoflavones during early life. Because soy isoflavones have the capacity to mimic endogenous estrogen and thereby exert hormone-like effects, there is concern regarding reproductive health. The objectives were to determine if neonatal exposure to soy isoflavones altered reproductive health in females and, if so, whether such effects are transferred to subsequent generations. CD-1 mice were bred and F1 mouse offspring were cross-fostered at birth and randomized to 1 of 4 treatments: 7 mg soy isoflavones · kg body weight(-1) · d(-1) or corn oil from postnatal d (PND) 1 to 10 or from PND 1 to 21 (n = 8-13 females/group). Mice were subsequently bred to control males on PND 56 to obtain F2 females (n = 10-15/group). F1 mice that received isoflavones had ~15% greater body weight during wk 4-8 and markedly reduced fertility with a 55-60% success rate. Reduced fertility was associated with abnormal estrus cycles, fewer corpora lutea in ovaries, and increased incidence of hyperplasia and atypia in the uteri. Offspring (F2 mice) of isoflavone-treated F1 mice had ~15% higher body weight by wk 8 through 16 of age than controls and fertility was normal. In summary, early exposure to soy isoflavones resulting in serum isoflavone concentrations similar to human infants fed SBIF reduced fertility in F1 but not F2 mice and increased body weight in both generations of female offspring. Extrapolation of these findings to the human scenario are complex but can provide guidance for more fully understanding the implications for infants consuming SBIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa C Dinsdale
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Otsuka H, Sugimoto M, Ikeda S, Kume S. Effects of bisphenol A administration to pregnant mice on serum Ca and intestinal Ca absorption. Anim Sci J 2011; 83:232-7. [PMID: 22435627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen commonly used in food storage plastics. The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of BPA administration to pregnant mice on serum calcium (Ca) and Ca metabolism of the gut and kidney. From 6.5 to 16.5 days post coitus (dpc), pregnant mice were administered at 2 mg or 20 mg/kg body weight/day of BPA. Serum Ca was decreased in mice treated with 20 mg BPA at 17.5 dpc, but no remarkable differences were detected in the alkaline phosphatase activity and vitamin D receptor protein expression in the duodenum and jejunum. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of calcium binding protein (CaBP-9k) and active vitamin D synthesis enzyme (CYP27B1) in the kidney were increased in mice treated with 20 mg BPA. The mRNA expressions of occludin and junction adherence molecular A (JAM-A) in the duodenum and ileum, which regulate paracellular transport, were increased in mice treated with 20 mg BPA. However, the administration of 2 mg BPA had no effect on serum Ca and mRNA expressions of relative genes in Ca metabolism. These results imply that BPA administration at 20 mg/kg body weight/day during pregnancy decreases serum Ca in pre-delivery mice, which may be partly due to decreased paracellular Ca absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Otsuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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