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Eicher T, Kelly RS, Braisted J, Siddiqui JK, Celedón J, Clish C, Gerszten R, Weiss ST, McGeachie M, Machiraju R, Lasky-Su J, Mathé EA. Consistent Multi-Omic Relationships Uncover Molecular Basis of Pediatric Asthma IgE Regulation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.05.24308502. [PMID: 38883716 PMCID: PMC11178010 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.24308502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Serum total immunoglobulin E levels (total IgE) capture the state of the immune system in relation to allergic sensitization. High levels are associated with airway obstruction and poor clinical outcomes in pediatric asthma. Inconsistent patient response to anti-IgE therapies motivates discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying serum IgE level differences in children with asthma. To uncover these mechanisms using complementary metabolomic and transcriptomic data, abundance levels of 529 named metabolites and expression levels of 22,772 genes were measured among children with asthma in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP, N=564) and the Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS, N=309) via the TOPMed initiative. Gene-metabolite associations dependent on IgE were identified within each cohort using multivariate linear models and were interpreted in a biochemical context using network topology, pathway and chemical enrichment, and representation within reactions. A total of 1,617 total IgE-dependent gene-metabolite associations from GACRS and 29,885 from CAMP met significance cutoffs. Of these, glycine and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) were associated with the most genes in both cohorts, and the associations represented reactions central to glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. Pathway and chemical enrichment analysis further highlighted additional related pathways of interest. The results of this study suggest that GAA may modulate total IgE levels in two independent pediatric asthma cohorts with different characteristics, supporting the use of L-Arginine as a potential therapeutic for asthma exacerbation. Other potentially new targetable pathways are also uncovered.
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Tylek K, Trojan E, Leśkiewicz M, Francavilla F, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Basta-Kaim A. Stimulation of Formyl Peptide Receptor-2 by the New Agonist CMC23 Protects against Endotoxin-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response: A Study in Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3869-3882. [PMID: 37775304 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence demonstrates an association between a malfunction in the resolution of acute inflammation and the development of chronic inflammation. Recently, in this context, the importance of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) has been underlined. FPR2 activity is modulated by a wide range of endogenous ligands, including specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) (e.g., LXA4 and AT-LXA4) and synthetic ligands. Since SPMs have unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, we aimed to evaluate the protective and pro-resolving effects of a new potent FPR2 agonist, compound CMC23, in organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The protective activity of CMC23 limited the lactate dehydrogenase release in LPS-stimulated cultures. This activity was mediated by the interaction with FPR2 as pretreatment with the FPR2 selective antagonist WRW4 abolished CMC23-induced protection. Furthermore, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were observed after CMC23 administration in LPS-treated OHCs. CMC23 also diminished the LPS-induced increase in IL-17A and both IL-23 subunits p19 and p40 in OHCs. Finally, we demonstrated that CMC23 exerts its beneficial impact via the STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway since it attenuated the level of phospho-STAT3 and maintained the LPS-induced SOCS3 levels in OHCs. Collectively, our research implies that the new FPR2 agonist CMC23 has beneficial protective and anti-inflammatory properties in nanomolar doses and FPR2 represents a promising target for the enhancement of inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tylek
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Fabio Francavilla
- Department of Pharmacy─Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy─Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy─Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, Kraków 31-343, Poland
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Nasef M, Ben Turkia H, Haider Ali AM, Mahdawi E, Nair A. To What Extent Does Arginine Reduce the Risk of Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis? Cureus 2023; 15:e45813. [PMID: 37876383 PMCID: PMC10591459 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and neonatal sepsis are polar opposite diseases that are commonly encountered in the NICU. Concerning the frequency of these pathologies, NEC is regarded as being a much rarer condition, whereas neonatal sepsis is slightly more commonly encountered. However, neonatal sepsis can present with varying clinical presentations and, if caught late, can be detrimental to the patient. Many different modes of therapies have been studied for both conditions at different levels of pathologies, from a microscopic to a macroscopic level, leading to an assessment of treatment approaches. With the different ongoing treatment protocols being studied, one such therapy under investigation that does stand out is the use of L-arginine in both conditions. The L-arginine, being an essential amino acid, has many basic biological roles in developing neonates. It mainly involves the production of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator, which is particularly important in the development of vasculature in almost every organ. In premature infants, poorly developed vasculature makes them more susceptible to injury, therefore increasing the risk of diseases such as NEC and the severity of diseases such as neonatal sepsis. By assessing the uses of L-arginine and its application towards treating conditions like NEC and neonatal sepsis, we aim to identify its potential benefits as a treatment and its potential applications in clinical practice by understanding its basic functions and role in the pathophysiology of NEC and neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoosh Nasef
- Neonatology, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, BHR
| | | | | | - Esam Mahdawi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, BHR
| | - Arun Nair
- Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, Somerset, USA
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Qian L, Mehrabi Nasab E, Athari SM, Athari SS. Mitochondria signaling pathways in allergic asthma. J Investig Med 2022; 70:863-882. [PMID: 35168999 PMCID: PMC9016245 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as the powerhouse organelle of cells, are greatly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways, including those related to the innate and acquired immune systems, cellular differentiation, growth, death, apoptosis, and autophagy as well as hypoxic stress responses in various diseases. Asthma is a chronic complicated airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of airway. The asthma mortality and morbidity rates have increased worldwide, so understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma progression is necessary for new anti-asthma drug development. The lung is an oxygen-rich organ, and mitochondria, by sensing and processing O2, contribute to the generation of ROS and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Asthma pathophysiology has been tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced ATP synthase activity, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and abnormal calcium homeostasis. Defects of the mitochondrial play an essential role in the pro-remodeling mechanisms of lung fibrosis and airway cells’ apoptosis. Identification of mitochondrial therapeutic targets can help repair mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction and reverse related pathological changes and lung structural remodeling in asthma. Therefore, we here overviewed the relationship between mitochondrial signaling pathways and asthma pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Ramasubramanian R, Kalhan R, Jacobs DR, Washko GR, Hou L, Gross MD, Guan W, Thyagarajan B. Gene expression of oxidative stress markers and lung function: A CARDIA lung study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1832. [PMID: 34800009 PMCID: PMC8683624 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating markers of oxidative stress have been associated with lower lung function. Our objective was to study the association of gene expression levels of oxidative stress pathway genes (ALOX12, ALOX15, ARG2, GSTT1, LPO, MPO, NDUFB3, PLA2G7, and SOD3) and lung function forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. METHODS Lung function was measured using spirometry and the Nanostring platform was used to estimate gene expression levels. Linear regression models were used to study association of lung function measured at year 30, 10-year decline in lung function and gene expression after adjustment for center, smoking, and BMI, measured at year 25. RESULTS The 10-year decline of FEV1 was faster in highest NDUFB3 quartile compared to the lowest (difference = -2.09%; p = 0.001) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The 10-year decline in FEV1 and FVC was nominally slower in highest versus lowest quartile of PLA2G7 (difference = 1.14%; p = 0.02, and difference = 1.06%; p = 0.005, respectively). The other genes in the study were not associated with FEV1 or FVC. CONCLUSION Higher gene expression levels in oxidative stress pathway genes are associated with faster 10-year FEV1 decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramasubramanian
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Myron D Gross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Liao SY, Linderholm A, Showalter MR, Chen CH, Fiehn O, Kenyon NJ. L-arginine as a potential GLP-1-mediated immunomodulator of Th17-related cytokines in people with obesity and asthma. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:339-345. [PMID: 34123401 PMCID: PMC8170586 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered as a risk factor for COVID‐19 with insulin resistance and increased production of inflammatory cytokines as likely mechanisms. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists and inhaled nitric oxide are proposed therapeutic approaches to treat COVID‐19 because of their broad anti‐inflammatory effects. One approach that might augment GLP‐1 levels would be dietary supplementation with L‐arginine. Beyond cytokines, multiple studies have started to investigate the relationship between new‐onset diabetes and COVID‐19. In a posthoc analysis of a randomized, placebo‐controlled human clinical trial of L‐arginine supplementation in people with asthma and predominantly with obesity, the results showed that 12 weeks of continuous L‐arginine supplementation significantly decreased the level of IL‐21 (p = 0.02) and increased the level of insulin (p = 0.02). A high arginine level and arginine/ADMA ratio were significantly associated with lower CCL‐20 and TNF‐α levels. The study also showed that L‐arginine supplementation reduces cytokine levels and improves insulin deficiency or resistance, both are two big risk factors for COVID‐19 severity and mortality. Given its safety profile and ease of accessibility, L‐arginine is an attractive potential therapeutic option that allows for a cost‐effective way to improve outcomes in patients. An expedition of further investigation or clinical trials to test these hypotheses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- Department of Medicine National Jewish Health Denver Colorado USA.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Angela Linderholm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of California-Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center University of California-Davis Davis California USA
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of California-Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center University of California-Davis Davis California USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of California-Davis Sacramento California USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System (VANCHCS) Mather California USA
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Ji N, Fang M, Baptista A, Cepeda C, Greenberg M, Mincey IC, Ohman-Strickland P, Haynes F, Fiedler N, Kipen HM, Laumbach RJ. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and changes in exhaled nitric oxide and DNA methylation in arginase and nitric oxide synthase in children with asthma. Environ Health 2021; 20:12. [PMID: 33573660 PMCID: PMC7879528 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with increased risk of airway inflammation in children with asthma. While epigenetic changes could potentially modulate TRAP-induced inflammatory responses, few studies have assessed the temporal pattern of exposure to TRAP, epigenetic changes and inflammation in children with asthma. Our goal was to test the time-lag patterns of personal exposure to TRAP, airway inflammation (measured as fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO), and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of genes involved in nitric oxide synthesis among children with asthma. METHODS We measured personal exposure to black carbon (BC) and FeNO for up to 30 days in a panel of children with asthma. We collected 90 buccal cell samples for DNA methylation analysis from 18 children (5 per child). Methylation in promoter regions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3) and arginase (ARG1, ARG2) was assessed by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Linear-mixed effect models were used to test the associations of BC at different lag periods, percent DNA methylation at each site and FeNO level. RESULTS Exposure to BC was positively associated with FeNO, and negatively associated with DNA methylation in NOS3. We found strongest association between FeNO and BC at lag 0-6 h while strongest associations between methylation at positions 1 and 2 in NOS3 and BC were at lag 13-24 h and lag 0-24 h, respectively. The strengths of associations were attenuated at longer lag periods. No significant associations between exposure to TRAP and methylation levels in other NOS and ARG isoforms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to TRAP was associated with higher levels of FeNO and lower levels of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the NOS3 gene, indicating that DNA methylation of the NOS3 gene could be an important epigenetic mechanism in physiological responses to TRAP in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ji
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - M Fang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | - C Cepeda
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | | | - P Ohman-Strickland
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - F Haynes
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - N Fiedler
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - H M Kipen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - R J Laumbach
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Room 204, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Cavagnero KJ, Doherty TA. Lipid-mediated innate lymphoid cell recruitment and activation in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:135-142. [PMID: 32950684 PMCID: PMC7855910 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize investigations into the role of lipid-mediated recruitment and activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature review of reports pertaining to cellular mechanisms, cytokine, and lipid mediators in AERD, as well as ILC2 activation and recruitment, was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTIONS Selections of studies were based on reports of lipid mediators in AERD, cytokine mediators in AERD, type 2 effector cells in AERD, platelets in AERD, AERD treatment, ILC2s in allergic airway disease, and ILC2 activation, inhibition, and trafficking. RESULTS The precise mechanisms of AERD pathogenesis are not well understood. Greater levels of proinflammatory lipid mediators and type 2 cytokines are found in tissues derived from patients with AERD relative to controls. After pathognomonic cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor reactions, proinflammatory mediator concentrations (prostaglandin D2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes) are rapidly increased, as are ILC2 levels in the nasal mucosa. The ILC2s, which potently generate type 2 cytokines in response to lipid mediator stimulation, may play a key role in AERD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Although the literature suggests that lipid-mediated ILC2 activation may occur in AERD, there is a dearth of definitive evidence. Future investigations leveraging novel next-generation single-cell sequencing approaches along with recently developed AERD murine models will better define lipid mediator-induced ILC2 trafficking in patients with AERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen J Cavagnero
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California.
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Qi H, Wang Y, Yuan X, Li P, Yang L. Selective extracellular arginine deprivation by a single injection of cellular non-uptake arginine deiminase nanocapsules for sustained tumor inhibition. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24030-24043. [PMID: 33291128 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic enzyme-based arginine deprivation represents a tremendous opportunity to treat argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1)-deficient tumors. Arginine deiminase (ADI), a typical representative, has aroused great interest. To date, the functional modification of ADI, such as PEGylation, has been applied to improve its weakness significantly, reducing its immunogenicity and extending its blood circulation time. However, the advantages of ADI, such as the cellular non-uptake property, are often deprived by current modification methods. The cellular non-uptake property of ADI only renders extracellular arginine degradation that negligibly influences normal cells. However, current-functionalized ADIs can be readily phagocytized by cells, causing the imbalance of intracellular amino acids and the consequent damage to normal cells. Therefore, it is necessary to exploit a new method that can simultaneously improve the weakness of ADI and maintain its advantage of cellular non-uptake. Here, we utilized a kind of phosphorylcholine (PC)-rich nanocapsule to load ADI. These nanocapsules possessed extremely weak cellular interaction and could avoid uptake by endothelial cells (HUVEC), immune cells (RAW 264.7), and tumor cells (H22), selectively depriving extracellular arginine. Besides, these nanocapsules increased the blood half-life time of ADI from the initial 2 h to 90 h and efficiently avoided its immune or inflammatory responses. After a single injection of ADI nanocapsules into H22 tumor-bearing mice, tumors were stably suppressed for 25 d without any detectable side effects. This new strategy first realizes the selective extracellular arginine deprivation for the treatment of ASS1-deficient tumors, potentially promoting the clinical translation of metabolic enzyme-based amino acid deprivation therapy. Furthermore, the research reminds us that the functionalization of drugs can not only improve its weakness but also maintain its advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Qi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Akintunde JK, Akintola TE, Adenuga GO, Odugbemi ZA, Adetoye RO, Akintunde OG. Naringin attenuates Bisphenol-A mediated neurotoxicity in hypertensive rats by abrogation of cerebral nucleotide depletion, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:18-33. [PMID: 32810514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether active fruit naringin can reduce the risk of BPA-mediated neurotoxicity in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats and whether the modulation could be linked to improvement of brain NO signaling. Male albino rats were randomly distributed into eight (n = 7) groups. Group I was control animals, Group II was orally-treated with L-NAME, Group III was orally treated with 100 mg/kg BPA, Group IV was orally-treated with L-NAME +100 mg/kg BPA. Group V was orally-administered with L-NAME +80 mg/kg NAR. Group VI was orally-administered with 100 mg/kg BPA +80 mg/kg NAR. Group VII was orally-administered with L-NAME+100 mg/kg BPA +80 mg/kg NAR. Lastly, group VIII was orally-treated with 80 mg/kg NAR. The treatment lasted for 14 days. Sub-acute exposure to L-NAME and BPA induced hypertension and mediated-neuroinflammation at CA-2 and CA-4 of hippocampus cells. It was evident by increase in PDE-51 and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, ADPase and AMPase) with corresponding upsurge in cholinergic (AChE and BuChE), dopaminergic (MAO-A) and adenosinergic (ADA) enzymes as well as movement disorder. The hypertensive-mediated neurotoxicity was related to alteration of NO signaling and higher release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), apoptotic proteins (P53 and caspace-9) and facilitated entry of T-lymphocytes (CD43+) into CNS through blood brain barrier potentiated by antigen presenting cells. Hence, these features of BPA-mediated neurotoxicity in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats were prohibited by co-administration of NAR through production of neuro-inflammatory mediators, stabilizing neurotransmitter enzymes, normalizing NO signaling and improving brain histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - T E Akintola
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - G O Adenuga
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Z A Odugbemi
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - R O Adetoye
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O G Akintunde
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Liao SY, Showalter MR, Linderholm AL, Franzi L, Kivler C, Li Y, Sa MR, Kons ZA, Fiehn O, Qi L, Zeki AA, Kenyon NJ. l-Arginine supplementation in severe asthma. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137777. [PMID: 32497023 PMCID: PMC7406254 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDDysregulation of l-arginine metabolism has been proposed to occur in patients with severe asthma. The effects of l-arginine supplementation on l-arginine metabolite profiles in these patients are unknown. We hypothesized that individuals with severe asthma with low fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) would have fewer exacerbations with the addition of l-arginine to their standard asthma medications compared with placebo and would demonstrate the greatest changes in metabolite profiles.METHODSParticipants were enrolled in a single-center, crossover, double-blind l-arginine intervention trial at UCD. Subjects received placebo or l-arginine, dosed orally at 0.05 mg/kg (ideal body weight) twice daily. The primary end point was moderate asthma exacerbations. Longitudinal plasma metabolite levels were measured using mass spectrometry. A linear mixed-effect model with subject-specific intercepts was used for testing treatment effects.RESULTSA cohort of 50 subjects was included in the final analysis. l-Arginine did not significantly decrease asthma exacerbations in the overall cohort. Higher citrulline levels and a lower arginine availability index (AAI) were associated with higher FeNO (P = 0.005 and P = 2.51 × 10-9, respectively). Higher AAI was associated with lower exacerbation events. The eicosanoid prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and Nα-acetyl-l-arginine were found to be good predictors for differentiating clinical responders and nonresponders.CONCLUSIONSThere was no statistically significant decrease in asthma exacerbations in the overall cohort with l-arginine intervention. PGH2, Nα-acetyl-l-arginine, and the AAI could serve as predictive biomarkers in future clinical trials that intervene in the arginine metabolome.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01841281.FUNDINGThis study was supported by NIH grants R01HL105573, DK097154, UL1 TR001861, and K08HL114882. Metabolomics analysis was supported in part by a grant from the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program program (TRDRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System (VANCHCS), Mather, California, USA
| | | | - Angela L. Linderholm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lisa Franzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Yao Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System (VANCHCS), Mather, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kenyon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System (VANCHCS), Mather, California, USA
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12
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Vlad D, Albu S. Arginase Isoform Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111809. [PMID: 31683763 PMCID: PMC6912297 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of upper airway inflammation, mainly as part of the local naso-sinusal defense mechanisms. Increased arginase activity can reduce NO levels by decreasing the availability of its precursor, L-arginine. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with low levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO). Thus, the present study investigates the activity of arginase I (ARG1) and II (ARG2) in CRS and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Under endoscopic view, tissue samples of pathologic (n = 36) and normal (n = 29) rhinosinusal mucosa were collected. Arginase I and II mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. Our results showed low arginase I activity in all samples. The levels of ARG2 were significantly higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the control group (fold regulation (FR) 2.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.016). Increased ARG2 expression was found in patients with CRS without nasal polyposis (FR 3.14 ± 1.16 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.0175), in non-allergic CRS (FR 2.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.005), and non-asthmatic CRS (FR 2.42 ± 0.57 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that the upregulation of ARG2 may play a role in the pathology of a distinctive phenotype of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vlad
- Second Department of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400489, Romania.
- Department of ENT, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania.
| | - Silviu Albu
- Second Department of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400489, Romania.
- Department of ENT, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca 400006, Romania.
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13
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Impact of Arginine Nutrition and Metabolism during Pregnancy on Offspring Outcomes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071452. [PMID: 31252534 PMCID: PMC6682918 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By serving as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, and other molecules with biological importance, arginine plays a key role in pregnancy and fetal development. Arginine supplementation is a potential therapy for treating many human diseases. An impaired arginine metabolic pathway during gestation might produce long-term morphological or functional changes in the offspring, namely, developmental programming to increase vulnerability to developing a variety of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. In contrast, reprogramming is a strategy that shifts therapeutic interventions from adulthood to early-life, in order to reverse the programming processes, which might counterbalance the rising epidemic of NCDs. This review presented the role of arginine synthesis and metabolism in pregnancy. We also provided evidence for the links between an impaired arginine metabolic pathway and the pathogenesis of compromised pregnancy and fetal programming. This was followed by reprogramming strategies targeting the arginine metabolic pathway, to prevent the developmental programming of NCDs. Despite emerging evidence from experimental studies showing that targeting the arginine metabolic pathway has promise as a reprogramming strategy in pregnancy to prevent NCDs in the offspring, these results need further clinical application.
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14
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Pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells: surprises and challenges. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:299-311. [PMID: 30664706 PMCID: PMC6436699 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a recently described subset of innate lymphocytes with important immune and homeostatic functions at multiple tissue sites, especially the lung. These cells expand locally after birth and during postnatal lung maturation and are present in the lung and other peripheral organs. They are modified by a variety of processes and mediate inflammatory responses to respiratory pathogens, inhaled allergens and noxious particles. Here, we review the emerging roles of ILC2s in pulmonary homeostasis and discuss recent and surprising advances in our understanding of how hormones, age, neurotransmitters, environmental challenges, and infection influence ILC2s. We also review how these responses may underpin the development, progression and severity of pulmonary inflammation and chronic lung diseases and highlight some of the remaining challenges for ILC2 biology.
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15
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Mohammadian M, Sadeghipour HR, Jahromi GP, Jafari M, Nejad AK, Khamse S, Boskabady MH. Simvastatin and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affects serum IgE and lung cytokines levels in sensitized mice. Cytokine 2018; 113:83-88. [PMID: 29914792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and simvastatin combination therapy on serum total and specific IgE levels and lung IL-13 and TGF-β levels in sensitized mouse were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Control (n = 5), Sensitized (S), (n = 5), S + BMSC (n = 6), S + simvastatin (n = 6) and S + BMSC + simvastatin (n = 4) groups of BALB/c mice were studied. Mice were sensitized by ovalbumin. Sensitized mice were treated with a single intravenous injection of BMSCs (1 × 106) or daily intraperitoneal injection of simvastatin (40 mg/kg) or both BMSCs and simvastatin on the last week of challenge. Serum total and ovalbumin specific IgE levels as well as IL-13 and TGF-β levels in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were evaluated. RESULTS Serum total and specific IgE levels as well as lung IL-13 and TGF-β levels were significantly increased in S group compared to control group (P < 0.001 for all cases). Treatment with BMSCs, simvastatin and their combination significantly decreased serum total and specific IgE levels (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). However, IL-13 and TGF-β levels were significantly decreased by BMSCs and BMSC + simvastatin combination therapy (P < 0.05 for all cases). The effect of simvastatin and BMSCs combination therapy on serum specific IgE levels as well as lung IL-13 and TGF-β levels were significantly higher than the effect of BMSCs and simvastatin alone (P < 0.001 for IL-13 and P < 0.01 for other cases). CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin and BMSCs combination therapy affects serum IgE as well as lung IL-13 and TGFβ levels more than BMSC therapy and simvastatin therapy alone which may be due to increased BMSCs migration into the lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammadian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gila Pirzad Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kavian Nejad
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Khamse
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yuhong L, Tana W, Zhengzhong B, Feng T, Qin G, Yingzhong Y, Wei G, Yaping W, Langelier C, Rondina MT, Ge RL. Transcriptomic profiling reveals gene expression kinetics in patients with hypoxia and high altitude pulmonary edema. Gene 2018; 651:200-205. [PMID: 29366758 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life threatening condition occurring in otherwise healthy individuals who rapidly ascend to high altitude. However, the molecular mechanisms of its pathophysiology are not well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate differential gene expression in patients with HAPE during acute illness and subsequent recovery. METHODS Twenty-one individuals who ascended to an altitude of 3780 m were studied, including 12 patients who developed HAPE and 9 matched controls without HAPE. Whole-blood samples were collected during acute illness and subsequent recovery for analysis of the expression of hypoxia-related genes, and physiologic and laboratory parameters, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), were also measured. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, numerous hypoxia-related genes were up-regulated in patients with acute HAPE. Gene network analyses suggested that HIF-1α played a central role in acute HAPE by affecting a variety of hypoxia-related genes, including BNIP3L, VEGFA, ANGPTL4 and EGLN1. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the expression of most HAPE-induced genes was restored to a normal level during the recovery phase except some key hypoxia response factors, such asBNIP3L, EGR1, MMP9 and VEGF, which remained persistently elevated. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression analysis of hypoxia-related genes revealed distinct molecular signatures of HAPE during acute and recovery phases. This study may help us to better understand HAPE pathogenesis and putative targets for further investigation and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuhong
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Wuren Tana
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bai Zhengzhong
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Tang Feng
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Ga Qin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yang Yingzhong
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Guan Wei
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Wang Yaping
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Charles Langelier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; GRECC at the George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China.
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Xu W, Comhair SAA, Janocha AJ, Lara A, Mavrakis LA, Bennett CD, Kalhan SC, Erzurum SC. Arginine metabolic endotypes related to asthma severity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183066. [PMID: 28797075 PMCID: PMC5552347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Arginine metabolism via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase 2 (ARG2) is higher in asthmatics than in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that a sub-phenotype of asthma might be defined by the magnitude of arginine metabolism categorized on the basis of high and low fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). Methods To test this hypothesis, asthmatics (n = 52) were compared to healthy controls (n = 51) for levels of FENO, serum arginase activity, and airway epithelial expression of iNOS and ARG2 proteins, in relation to clinical parameters of asthma inflammation and airway reactivity. In parallel, bronchial epithelial cells were evaluated for metabolic effects of iNOS and ARG2 expression in vitro. Results Asthmatics with high FENO (≥ 35 ppb; 44% of asthmatics) had higher expression of iNOS (P = 0.04) and ARG2 (P = 0.05) in the airway, indicating FENO is a marker of the high arginine metabolic endotype. High FENO asthmatics had the lowest FEV1% (P < 0.001), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.0002) and PC20 (P < 0.001) as compared to low FENO asthmatics or healthy controls. Low FENO asthmatics had near normal iNOS and ARG2 expression (both P > 0.05), and significantly higher PC20 (P < 0.001) as compared to high FENO asthmatics. In vitro studies to evaluate metabolic effects showed that iNOS overexpression and iNOS+ARG2 co-expression in a human bronchial epithelial cell line led to greater reliance on glycolysis with higher rate of pyruvate going to lactate. Conclusions The high FENO phenotype represents a large portion of the asthma population, and is typified by greater arginine metabolism and more severe and reactive asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Xu
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzy A. A. Comhair
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Allison J. Janocha
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abigail Lara
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lori A. Mavrakis
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carole D. Bennett
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Satish C. Kalhan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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18
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Zhang S, Li J, Li Y, Liu Y, Guo H, Xu X. Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Correlates with OGG1 in Ozone-Induced Lung Injury Animal Models. Front Physiol 2017; 8:249. [PMID: 28496412 PMCID: PMC5406453 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NO is an important cellular signaling molecule which is derived from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the effects of NOS signaling in lung injury is conflicting. The present study was designed to observe the effect of NOS and Arginase signaling in the occurrence and development of lung injury and its mechanism. Methods: An ozone-stressed lung injury animal model was established by exposure to 2.0 ppm O3 for 30 min every day for consecutive 12 day with or without the administration of NO precursor L-arginine or non-selective NOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Then, the lung histopathology, the releases of inflammatory mediators and the production of ROS were assayed by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and flow cytometry respectively. The activities and expression of NOS and Arginase were assayed by biochemical methods and western blot. Correspondingly, the release of 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1(8-OxoG) and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) were assayed by ELISA and western blot. The correlation between NOS/Arginase signaling with 8-OxoG/ OGG1 was also analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and immunofluorescence in NOS deficient bronchial epithelial cells. Results: In ozone-induced rat lung injury models, lung inflammation as well as lung architecture was disrupted in a time dependent manner. Ozone treatment with L-arginine showed a substantial attenuation of adverse lung histopathological changes and treatment with L-NAME promoted the inflammation and remodeling. Importantly, the expression of NOS was promoted by L-arginine and inhibited by L-NAME and the expression of Arginase was promoted by L-NAME treatment. Further, we observed significantly higher levels of 8-OxoG and lower levels of OGG1 in ozone group which was reversed by L-arginine and promoted by L-NAME. The expression of NOS is closely related with 8-OxoG /OCG1. Conclusion: These findings give further evidence that the NOS signaling is related with base excise repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
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19
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Quan-Jun Y, Jian-Ping Z, Jian-Hua Z, Yong-Long H, Bo X, Jing-Xian Z, Bona D, Yuan Z, Cheng G. Distinct Metabolic Profile of Inhaled Budesonide and Salbutamol in Asthmatic Children during Acute Exacerbation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:303-311. [PMID: 27730746 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled budesonide and salbutamol represent the most important and frequently used drugs in asthmatic children during acute exacerbation. However, there is still no consensus about their resulting metabolic derangements; thus, this study was conducted to determine the distinct metabolic profiles of these two drugs. A total of 69 children with asthma during acute exacerbation were included, and their serum and urine were investigated using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A metabolomics analysis was performed using a principal component analysis and orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares using SIMCA-P. The different metabolites were identified, and the distinct metabolic profiles were analysed using MetPA. A high-resolution NMR-based serum and urine metabolomics approach was established to study the overall metabolic changes after inhaled budesonide and salbutamol in asthmatic children during acute exacerbation. The perturbed metabolites included 22 different metabolites in the serum and 21 metabolites in the urine. Based on an integrated analysis, the changed metabolites included the following: increased 4-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, cis-aconitate, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, taurine, trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, tiglylglycine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-methylhistidine, glucose, cis-aconitate, 2-deoxyinosine and 2-aminoadipate; and decreased alanine, glycerol, arginine, glycylproline, 2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate, creatine, citrulline, glutamate, asparagine, 2-hydroxyvalerate, citrate, homoserine, histamine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sarcosine, ornithine, creatinine, glycine, isoleucine and trimethylamine N-oxide. The MetPA analysis revealed seven involved metabolic pathways: arginine and proline metabolism; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; methane metabolism; citrate cycle; and pyruvate metabolism. The perturbed metabolic profiles suggest potential metabolic reprogramming associated with a combination treatment of inhaled budesonide and salbutamol in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Quan-Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Jian-Ping
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Jian-Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yong-Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Bo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Jing-Xian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai Bona
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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20
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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21
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Xu W, Ghosh S, Comhair SAA, Asosingh K, Janocha AJ, Mavrakis DA, Bennett CD, Gruca LL, Graham BB, Queisser KA, Kao CC, Wedes SH, Petrich JM, Tuder RM, Kalhan SC, Erzurum SC. Increased mitochondrial arginine metabolism supports bioenergetics in asthma. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2465-81. [PMID: 27214549 DOI: 10.1172/jci82925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of arginine metabolizing enzymes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase (ARG), are typical in asthmatic airway epithelium; however, little is known about the metabolic effects of enhanced arginine flux in asthma. Here, we demonstrated that increased metabolism sustains arginine availability in asthmatic airway epithelium with consequences for bioenergetics and inflammation. Expression of iNOS, ARG2, arginine synthetic enzymes, and mitochondrial respiratory complexes III and IV was elevated in asthmatic lung samples compared with healthy controls. ARG2 overexpression in a human bronchial epithelial cell line accelerated oxidative bioenergetic pathways and suppressed hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and phosphorylation of the signal transducer for atopic Th2 inflammation STAT6 (pSTAT6), both of which are implicated in asthma etiology. Arg2-deficient mice had lower mitochondrial membrane potential and greater HIF-2α than WT animals. In an allergen-induced asthma model, mice lacking Arg2 had greater Th2 inflammation than WT mice, as indicated by higher levels of pSTAT6, IL-13, IL-17, eotaxin, and eosinophils and more mucus metaplasia. Bone marrow transplants from Arg2-deficient mice did not affect airway inflammation in recipient mice, supporting resident lung cells as the drivers of elevated Th2 inflammation. These data demonstrate that arginine flux preserves cellular respiration and suppresses pathological signaling events that promote inflammation in asthma.
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22
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Arginase 1 is an innate lymphoid-cell-intrinsic metabolic checkpoint controlling type 2 inflammation. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:656-65. [PMID: 27043409 PMCID: PMC4873382 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate tissue inflammation and repair following activation by cell-extrinsic factors including host-derived cytokines. However, the cell-intrinsic metabolic pathways that control ILC2 function are undefined. Here we demonstrate that expression of the enzyme Arginase 1 (Arg1) is a conserved trait of murine and human ILC2s during acute or chronic lung inflammation. Deletion of murine ILC-intrinsic Arg1 abrogated type 2 lung inflammation by restraining ILC2 proliferation and dampening cytokine production. Mechanistically, inhibition of Arg1 enzymatic activity disrupted multiple components of ILC2 metabolic programming by altering arginine catabolism, impairing polyamine biosynthesis and reducing aerobic glycolysis. These data identify Arg1 as a key regulator of ILC2 bioenergetics, controlling proliferative capacity and pro-inflammatory functions that promote type 2 inflammation.
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23
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Macrophage polarization drives granuloma outcome during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2014; 83:324-38. [PMID: 25368116 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02494-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), induces formation of granulomas, structures in which immune cells and bacteria colocalize. Macrophages are among the most abundant cell types in granulomas and have been shown to serve as both critical bactericidal cells and targets for M. tuberculosis infection and proliferation throughout the course of infection. Very little is known about how these processes are regulated, what controls macrophage microenvironment-specific polarization and plasticity, or why some granulomas control bacteria and others permit bacterial dissemination. We take a computational-biology approach to investigate mechanisms that drive macrophage polarization, function, and bacterial control in granulomas. We define a "macrophage polarization ratio" as a metric to understand how cytokine signaling translates into polarization of single macrophages in a granuloma, which in turn modulates cellular functions, including antimicrobial activity and cytokine production. Ultimately, we extend this macrophage ratio to the tissue scale and define a "granuloma polarization ratio" describing mean polarization measures for entire granulomas. Here we coupled experimental data from nonhuman primate TB granulomas to our computational model, and we predict two novel and testable hypotheses regarding macrophage profiles in TB outcomes. First, the temporal dynamics of granuloma polarization ratios are predictive of granuloma outcome. Second, stable necrotic granulomas with low CFU counts and limited inflammation are characterized by short NF-κB signal activation intervals. These results suggest that the dynamics of NF-κB signaling is a viable therapeutic target to promote M1 polarization early during infection and to improve outcome.
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Yeganeh B, Wiechec E, Ande SR, Sharma P, Moghadam AR, Post M, Freed DH, Hashemi M, Shojaei S, Zeki AA, Ghavami S. Targeting the mevalonate cascade as a new therapeutic approach in heart disease, cancer and pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:87-110. [PMID: 24582968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, also known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is an essential cellular pathway that is involved in diverse cell functions. The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to MVA. Given its role in cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis, the regulation of HMGCR has been intensely investigated. Because all cells require a steady supply of MVA, both the sterol (i.e. cholesterol) and non-sterol (i.e. isoprenoid) products of MVA metabolism exert coordinated feedback regulation on HMGCR through different mechanisms. The proper functioning of HMGCR as the proximal enzyme in the MVA pathway is essential under both normal physiologic conditions and in many diseases given its role in cell cycle pathways and cell proliferation, cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism, cell cytoskeletal dynamics and stability, cell membrane structure and fluidity, mitochondrial function, proliferation, and cell fate. The blockbuster statin drugs ('statins') directly bind to and inhibit HMGCR, and their use for the past thirty years has revolutionized the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases, in particular coronary heart disease. Initially thought to exert their effects through cholesterol reduction, recent evidence indicates that statins also have pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties independent of cholesterol lowering. In this review we will focus on the therapeutic applications and mechanisms involved in the MVA cascade including Rho GTPase and Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling, statin inhibition of HMGCR, geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) inhibition, and farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibition in cardiovascular disease, pulmonary diseases (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Dept. Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology & Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Sudharsana R Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 4C46 HRIC, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- Scientific Association of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Martin Post
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- Department of Physiology, St. Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir A Zeki
- U.C. Davis, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology & Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, St. Boniface Research Centre, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Biology of Breathing Theme, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Schäuble S, Stavrum AK, Puntervoll P, Schuster S, Heiland I. Effect of substrate competition in kinetic models of metabolic networks. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2818-24. [PMID: 23811082 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Substrate competition can be found in many types of biological processes, ranging from gene expression to signal transduction and metabolic pathways. Although several experimental and in silico studies have shown the impact of substrate competition on these processes, it is still often neglected, especially in modelling approaches. Using toy models that exemplify different metabolic pathway scenarios, we show that substrate competition can influence the dynamics and the steady state concentrations of a metabolic pathway. We have additionally derived rate laws for substrate competition in reversible reactions and summarise existing rate laws for substrate competition in irreversible reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Schäuble
- Theoretical Systems Biology Group, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
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