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Mejías-Molina C, Pico-Tomàs A, Martínez-Puchol S, Itarte M, Torrell H, Canela N, Borrego CM, Corominas L, Rusiñol M, Bofill-Mas S. Wastewater-based epidemiology applied at the building-level reveals distinct virome profiles based on the age of the contributing individuals. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:10. [PMID: 38303015 PMCID: PMC10832175 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human viruses released into the environment can be detected and characterized in wastewater. The study of wastewater virome offers a consolidated perspective on the circulation of viruses within a population. Because the occurrence and severity of viral infections can vary across a person's lifetime, studying the virome in wastewater samples contributed by various demographic segments can provide valuable insights into the prevalence of viral infections within these segments. In our study, targeted enrichment sequencing was employed to characterize the human virome in wastewater at a building-level scale. This was accomplished through passive sampling of wastewater in schools, university settings, and nursing homes in two cities in Catalonia. Additionally, sewage from a large urban wastewater treatment plant was analysed to serve as a reference for examining the collective excreted human virome. RESULTS The virome obtained from influent wastewater treatment plant samples showcased the combined viral presence from individuals of varying ages, with astroviruses and human bocaviruses being the most prevalent, followed by human adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses. Significant variations in the viral profiles were observed among the different types of buildings studied. Mamastrovirus 1 was predominant in school samples, salivirus and human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the university settings while nursing homes showed a more balanced distribution of viral families presenting papillomavirus and picornaviruses and, interestingly, some viruses linked to immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the utility of building-level wastewater-based epidemiology as an effective tool for monitoring the presence of viruses circulating within specific age groups. It provides valuable insights for public health monitoring and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mejías-Molina
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Sandra Martínez-Puchol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Itarte
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira I Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira I Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Fu L, Zhang XY, Jin WP, Wang C, Qian SS, Wang MJ, Wang WH, Meng SL, Guo J, Wang ZJ, Chen XQ, Shen S. Identification of a Conserved, Linear Epitope on VP3 of Enterovirus A Species Recognized by a Broad-Spectrum Monoclonal Antibody. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041028. [PMID: 37113008 PMCID: PMC10145497 DOI: 10.3390/v15041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have occurred frequently in the Asian-Pacific region over the last two decades, caused mainly by the serotypes in Enterovirus A species. High-quality monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are needed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the diagnosis of enteroviruses associated HFMD. In this study, a mAb 1A11 was generated using full particles of CV-A5 as an immunogen. In indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays, 1A11 bound to the viral proteins of CV-A2, CV-A4, CV-A5, CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A16, and EV-A71 of the Enterovirus A and targeted VP3. It has no cross-reactivity to strains of Enterovirus B and C. By mapping with over-lapped and truncated peptides, a minimal and linear epitope 23PILPGF28 was identified, located at the N-terminus of the VP3. A BLAST sequence search of the epitope in the NCBI genus Enterovirus (taxid: 12059) protein database indicates that the epitope sequence is highly conserved among the Enterovirus A species, but not among the other enterovirus species, first reported by us. By mutagenesis analysis, critical residues for 1A11 binding were identified for most serotypes of Enterovirus A. It may be useful for the development of a cost-effective and pan-Enterovirus A antigen detection for surveillance, early diagnosis and differentiation of infections caused by the Enterovirus A species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Fu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sha-Sha Qian
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Sheng-Li Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
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Sundaresan B, Shirafkan F, Ripperger K, Rattay K. The Role of Viral Infections in the Onset of Autoimmune Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030782. [PMID: 36992490 PMCID: PMC10051805 DOI: 10.3390/v15030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance, leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune reactions that are targeted towards self-antigens can ultimately lead to the destruction of the host's cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. Although autoimmune disorders are comparatively rare, the worldwide incidence and prevalence is increasing, and they have major adverse implications for mortality and morbidity. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to be the major factors contributing to the development of autoimmunity. Viral infections are one of the environmental triggers that can lead to autoimmunity. Current research suggests that several mechanisms, such as molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and bystander activation, can cause viral-induced autoimmunity. Here we describe the latest insights into the pathomechanisms of viral-induced autoimmune diseases and discuss recent findings on COVID-19 infections and the development of AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Sundaresan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ripperger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Rattay
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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4
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Abdelrahim NA, Mohammed N, Evander M, Ahlm C, Fadl-Elmula IM. Viral meningitis in Sudanese children: Differentiation, etiology and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31588. [PMID: 36401437 PMCID: PMC9678499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of viral meningitis (VM) is uncommon practice in Sudan and there is no local viral etiological map. We therefore intended to differentiate VM using standardized clinical codes and determine the involvement of herpes simplex virus types-1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), varicella zoster virus, non-polio human enteroviruses (HEVs), and human parechoviruses in meningeal infections in children in Sudan. This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Viral meningitis was differentiated in 503 suspected febrile attendee of Omdurman Hospital for Children following the criteria listed in the Clinical Case Definition for Aseptic/Viral Meningitis. Patients were children age 0 to 15 years. Viral nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) were extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens using QIAamp® UltraSens Virus Technology. Complementary DNA was prepared from viral RNA using GoScriptTM Reverse Transcription System. Viral nucleic acids were amplified and detected using quantitative TaqMan® Real-Time and conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Hospital diagnosis of VM was assigned to 0%, when clinical codes were applied; we considered 3.2% as having VM among the total study population and as 40% among those with proven infectious meningitis. Two (0.4%) out of total 503 CSF specimens were positive for HSV-1; Ct values were 37.05 and 39.10 and virus copies were 652/PCR run (261 × 103/mL CSF) and 123/PCR run (49.3 × 103/mL CSF), respectively. Other 2 (0.4%) CSF specimens were positive for non-polio HEVs; Ct values were 37.70 and 38.30, and the approximate virus copies were 5E2/PCR run (~2E5/mL CSF) and 2E2/PCR run (~8E4/mL CSF), respectively. No genetic materials were detected for HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, and human parechoviruses. The diagnosis of VM was never assigned by the hospital despite fulfilling the clinical case definition. Virus detection rate was 10% among cases with proven infectious meningitis. Detected viruses were HSV-1 and non-polio HEVs. Positive virus PCRs in CSFs with normal cellular counts were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abdelghani Abdelrahim
- Department of Pathology-Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- * Correspondence: Nada Abdelghani Abdelrahim, Department of Pathology-Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST), P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan (e-mail: )
| | - Nahla Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Imad Mohammed Fadl-Elmula
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Genetics, Al-Neelain University & Assafa Academy, Khartoum, Sudan
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5
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Alhazmi A, Sane F, Lazrek M, Nekoua MP, Badia-Boungou F, Engelmann I, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overlooked Relationship in Some Regions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101458. [PMID: 32977495 PMCID: PMC7598226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) infect millions of people annually. EV infections can be asymptomatic or symptomatic with conditions ranging from mild illnesses to serious diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy. A causal relationship between EV infections and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been heavily debated, with some studies suggesting that this relationship is not yet conclusive and requires additional evidence, whereas others strongly argue for this correlation. While this relationship is well investigated in some developed countries like the USA and Finland, it is understudied or neglected in other countries like Russia for many reasons such as the low incidence of T1DM. Although the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are highly affected by T1DM, the role of EVs in the disease in MENA has not been investigated extensively. Therefore, we aimed to address the relationship between T1DM and EVs in MENA and other regions globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Mouna Lazrek
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Francis Badia-Boungou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (F.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.N.); (F.B.-B.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-20-44-66-88
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6
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Ahlbrecht J, Hillebrand LK, Schwenkenbecher P, Ganzenmueller T, Heim A, Wurster U, Stangel M, Sühs KW, Skripuletz T. Cerebrospinal fluid features in adults with enteroviral nervous system infection. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 68:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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7
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Zhu Y, Zhou X, Liu J, Xia L, Pan Y, Chen J, Luo N, Yin J, Ma S. Molecular identification of human enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in Yunnan province, Southwest China. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1515. [PMID: 27652088 PMCID: PMC5016492 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EVs) are the major causative agents of aseptic meningitis. In this study, a total of 524 children were admitted to the children Kunming hospital (continental China) for aseptic meningitis manifestations in 2009 and 2010. An EV infection was diagnosed in 85/524 children (16.2 %) and the viruses detected were assigned to 16 serotypes. Most serotypes belonged to the enterovirus B species. Echovirus 9 was predominant (24.7 %), followed by coxsackievirus B5 (23.5 %) and then echovirus 30 (16.5 %). Echovirus 9 was firstly identified as the predominant serotype in sporadic aseptic meningitis which occurred in Yunnan, Southwest China. This work indicates the need to perform large-scale surveillance to gain a better insight into the epidemiology of enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Zhu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China ; Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chun Rong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China
| | - Longhui Xia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chun Rong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan Province People's Republic of China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118 People's Republic of China
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Complete genome analysis of coxsackievirus A24 isolated in Yunnan, China, in 2013. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1705-9. [PMID: 26935916 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human coxsackievirus A24 (CVA24) belongs to the species Enterovirus C, and variants of this virus frequently cause acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). The complete genome of the K282/YN/CHN/2013 strain, isolated from a healthy child in Yunnan, China, in 2013, is reported here for the first time. The strain showed 80.0 % and 79.9 % nucleotide sequence identity to CVA24 prototype strain Joseph and CVA24 variant prototype EH24, respectively. The K282/YN/CHN/2013 strain belongs to the CVA24 serotype. Twelve amino acid differences, most of which are in structural regions, were found between the CVA24 and CVA24v strains. In the whole-length genome sequence, only the structural region of K282/YN/CHN/2013 was similar to that of the CVA24 strains; the other genome regions were more similar to those of other members of the species Enterovirus C. Recombination analysis showed evidence of recombination with other viruses of the same species.
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9
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Rodà D, Pérez-Martínez E, Cabrerizo M, Trallero G, Martínez-Planas A, Luaces C, García-García JJ, Muñoz-Almagro C, Launes C. Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of Enterovirus infection in infants <3 months in a referral paediatric hospital of Barcelona. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1549-53. [PMID: 26003661 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Enterovirus (EV) infection is common in infants, but the information with regard to the molecular epidemiology and the associations between types and clinical variables is very scarce. This study includes 195 children <3 months old with fever, attended from March 2010 to December 2012 in an emergency department of a tertiary paediatric hospital in whom EV infection was confirmed by real-time PCR in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical and epidemiological data was prospectively collected. In 152 (77.9 %) patients, EVs could be typed. The most common type was Echovirus-5 (E5; 32, 21.1 %), followed by Echovirus-11 (E11; 18, 11.8 %), Echovirus-21 and Echovirus-25 (E21, E25; 11 each one, 7.2 %) and Coxsackievirus-B4 (CVB4; 6, 6.6 %). The majority of types appeared in spring, but E5 and E25 were found mainly during summer (p < 0.01). E21 was associated with high-grade fever (p < 0.01); E5 with exanthema (p = 0.03) and CVB4 tended to cause meningitis more often than the other types (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION The most common EV types were Echovirus-5 and Echovirus-11. Some significant associations between types and epidemiologic and clinical findings were observed. What is Known-What is New • Enteroviruses cause a normally benign illness in young infants, except in some cases. • The molecular epidemiology of Enterovirus infection is not well known in European countries. • This study describes a large number of infants with Enterovirus infection and shows the seasonality of different types, and their associations with epidemiologic and clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodà
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08940, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther Pérez-Martínez
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08940, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Cabrerizo
- Enterovirus Unit, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gloria Trallero
- Enterovirus Unit, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aina Martínez-Planas
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08940, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Luaces
- Emergency Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan-José García-García
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08940, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristian Launes
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (University of Barcelona), Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08940, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Liu J, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Liu Z, Guo C, Ma S. Complete genome sequence analysis of two human coxsackievirus A9 strains isolated in Yunnan, China, in 2009. Virus Genes 2015; 50:358-64. [PMID: 25680342 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9) is a member of Enterovirus B species and may cause aseptic meningitis. The complete genome analyses of two strains CVA9 A242/YN/CHN/2009 and A108/YN/CHN/2009 isolated from aseptic meningitis cases in Yunnan Province, China, in 2009 were performed. These two strains shared 81.3 and 80.7, 81.0 and 81.1 % nucleotide similarity with prototype strain Griggs in the VP1-encoding sequence and the complete genome sequence, respectively. Through phylogenetic analysis and homogeneity analysis for twenty-eight VP1-encoding sequences, CVA9 strains could be divided into four genotypes and the Chinese strains might belong to genotype D. Similarity plot and bootscanning analyses showed evidence of recombination with other EVB viruses. In conclusion, persistent surveillance of circulating enterovirus might help understand the enterovirus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Huaman JL, Carrion G, Ampuero JS, Gomez J, Ocaña V, Paz I, Gomez E, Chavez E, Sarmiento F, Pozo E, Laguna-Torres VA, Halsey ES. Non-rhinovirus enteroviruses associated with respiratory infections in Peru (2005-2010). Virol J 2014; 11:169. [PMID: 25244984 PMCID: PMC4192742 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroviruses (EVs) are a common cause of respiratory tract infections and are classified into seven species (EVA-D and rhinoviruses [RHVs] A-C) with more than 200 different serotypes. Little is known about the role of non-RHV EVs in respiratory infections in South America. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of non-RHV EVs detected in patients with influenza-like illness enrolled in a passive surveillance network in Peru. Methods Throat swabs and epidemiological data were collected from participants after obtaining verbal consent. Viral isolation was performed in cell culture and identified by immunofluorescence assay. Serotype identification of EV isolates was performed using commercial monoclonal antibodies. Identification of non-serotypeable isolations was carried out by reverse transcriptase-PCR, followed by sequencing. Results Between 2005 and 2010, 24,239 samples were analyzed, and 9,973 (41.1%) possessed at least one respiratory virus. EVs were found in 175 samples (0.7%). Our results revealed a clear predominance of EVB species, 90.9% (159/175). No EVDs were isolated. The mean and median ages of EV-positive subjects were 9.1 and 4.0 years, respectively, much younger than the population sampled, 17.6 and 12.0 years. Sixteen serotypes were identified, four EVA, 11 EVB, and one EVC species. The most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B1, coxsackievirus B2, coxsackievirus B5, and coxsackievirus B3. Conclusion This study provides data about the serotypes of EVs circulating in Peru and sets the need for further studies.
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Tang J, Yoshida H, Ding Z, Tao Z, Zhang J, Tian B, Zhao Z, Zhang L. Molecular epidemiology and recombination of human enteroviruses from AFP surveillance in Yunnan, China from 2006 to 2010. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6058. [PMID: 25317568 PMCID: PMC5377527 DOI: 10.1038/srep06058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study represents the genetic overview of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Yunnan Province from 2006 to 2010. Molecular typing based on VP1 nucleotide sequence was carried out on 98 NPEV isolates, and 33 serotypes were identified. EV-B was detected most frequently with an overall prevalence of 71.4%, followed by EV-A (18.4%) and EV-C (10.2%). No EV-D was identified. NPEV positive rate was higher in children <3 years of age and in summer and autumn months. Clinically, 68.4% patients presented with fever, and 16 cases (16.3%) were classified as Guillain-Barré syndrome, followed by myositis (13.3%). The phylogenetic analysis on the VP1 and 3D regions of prevalent serotypes provided evidence for recombination events among them. EV-A71, an important pathogen previously demonstrated to be associated with paralysis, had also been detected (n = 8) in this study and they all belonged to genotype C4. Great genetic divergence between Yunnan isolates and strains from other regions of the world was revealed. The findings of the study are of great importance for further research on molecular evolution of EV under the circumstance of no specialized EV surveillance system in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tang
- YunnanCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hiromu Yoshida
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhengrong Ding
- YunnanCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexin Tao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- YunnanCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Tian
- YunnanCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Zhao
- YunnanCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- YunnanCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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Oyero OG, Adu FD, Ayukekbong JA. Molecular characterization of diverse species enterovirus-B types from children with acute flaccid paralysis and asymptomatic children in Nigeria. Virus Res 2014; 189:189-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hoffmann GF, Lentze MJ, Spranger J, Zepp F. Virale Infektionen: RNA-Viren. PÄDIATRIE 2014. [PMCID: PMC7177040 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41866-2_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rhinoviren sind die Haupterreger der sog. Erkältungskrankheiten. Eine wichtige Rolle spielen sie auch als Auslöser von Asthmaattacken. Es findet eine stete Kozirkulation mehrerer Serotypen statt, im gemäßigten Klima gibt es Herbst-, Winter- und Frühjahrsepidemien, die Übertragung geschieht weit häufiger über infizierte Sekrete als durch Aerosole. Rhinoviren gehören zu den Picornaviren. Rhinoviren sind sehr kleine Viren mit einem positiven Einzelstrang-RNA-Genom ohne Lipidhülle und daher gegen Detergens enthaltende Desinfektionsmittel sehr resistent. Sie sind empfindlich gegen Umgebungs-pH außerhalb des Bereichs 5,0–7,5. Zurzeit bilden sie zusammen mit den Enteroviren das Genus Enterovirus der Picornaviren. Serologisch lassen sich über 100 Typen unterscheiden. Kennzeichnend ist die Bindungsfähigkeit an das von den meisten Rhinoviren für die Zelladsorption genützte ICAM-1 (interzelluläres Adhäsionsmolekül). Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 1–3 Tagen tritt Schnupfen auf, die höchste Viruskonzentration im Nasensekret nach 2–4 Tagen, wiederum nach 2–4 Tagen bei disponierten Patienten auch bronchiale Obstruktion. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass zu dieser Zeit auch Virus-RNA im Bronchialepithel vorhanden ist. Die postinfektiöse bronchiale Hyperreagibilität korreliert mit der Dauer des Virus-RNA-Nachweises im Nasopharynx. Die Immunität ist im Wesentlichen abhängig von der nur sehr kurzen Anwesenheit sekretorischer spezifischer IgA-Antikörper. Die bei den Serotypen beobachtbare Kreuzreaktivität spiegelt sich nicht in Kreuzimmunität wider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F. Hoffmann
- Zentrum für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Spranger
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fred Zepp
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Wu W, Xu WB, Chen L, Chen HL, Liu Q, Wang DL, Chen YJ, Yao W, Li G, Feng B, Shu BH, Zhou YK, He YQ. Molecular identification and analysis of human enteroviruses isolated from healthy children in Shenzhen, China from 2010 to 2011. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64889. [PMID: 23762262 PMCID: PMC3675095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and distribution of human enteroviruses (HEVs) among healthy children in Shenzhen, China. Method Clinical specimens were obtained from 320 healthy children under 5 years old in Shenzhen, China from 2010 to 2011. The specimens were evaluated using real-time PCR and cell cultures. The positive specimens were further tested using reverse transcription-seminested PCR (RT-snPCR). Molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis were based on the sequence determined. Results Among the 320 samples, 34 were tested positive for HEVs (10.6%) and 22 different serotypes were identified using RT-snPCR. PV1 and PV2 were also detected. The predominant serotype observed was EV71 (17.6%), followed by CV-B4 (14.7%). HEV-B was detected most frequently, with an overall prevalence of 47.1%. HEV-A and HEV-C were found in 32.3% and 20.6% of the samples, respectively. No HEV-D was identified. Molecular phylogeny indicated that all EV71 strains were of C4 genotype. Conclusion Although a variety of HEVs was detected in healthy children, HEV-B was relatively more prevalent than other HEV species. Considering HEV-A is more prevalent than HEV-B among patients with hand-foot-mouth disease, additional long-term surveillance of HEV is warranted in both asymptomatic and symptomatic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Bo Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qu Liu
- Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Li Wang
- Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Jian Chen
- Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bai-Hua Shu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Kai Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YKZ); (YQH)
| | - Ya-Qing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (YKZ); (YQH)
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Evolutionary pattern of 5'-UTR of enteroviruses and primer update for the detection of enteroviral RNA in environmental samples. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:703-8. [PMID: 22805721 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the recombination events among enterovirus strains and the development of specific primers for the detection of enteroviruses in environmental samples. METHODS Nucleotide sequence analysis of enteroviruses deposited in the international database GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank) was conducted to develop specific primers for the detection of these viruses. The specificity and sensitivity of the method were tested using coxackievirus B3 strain Nancy, environmental isolate of human hepatitis A virus and human rotavirus strain WA. Seventy sewage samples were analyzed. RESULTS Enterovirus genome was detected in all positive samples. The genome of enterovirus was not detected in negative samples. The level of detection of these viruses was 10(2) TCID(50)/mL. CONCLUSIONS The development of new primers is an important issue for the detection of enteroviruses in the environment and the assessment of risk factors to human health.
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Itagaki T, Abiko C, Aoki Y, Ikeda T, Mizuta K, Noda M, Kimura H, Matsuzaki Y. Saffold cardiovirus infection in children associated with respiratory disease and its similarity to coxsackievirus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:680-3. [PMID: 21386746 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31821608a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saffold virus (SAFV) is a newly discovered virus belonging to the genus Cardiovirus of the family Picornaviridae. Using molecular techniques, SAFV has been detected, although infrequently, in the stools of both healthy and diarrheic children and in respiratory specimens collected from children with respiratory disease. The epidemiology and pathogenicity of SAFV remain unclear. METHODS Between July 2009 and October 2010, nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children with acute respiratory infections. The collected samples were used to isolate respiratory viruses, including coxsackievirus, by cell culture and were tested for SAFV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS SAFV genotype 2 (SAFV2) was detected in 54 (3.5%) of the 1525 children tested. SAFV2 detections showed an epidemic pattern for a 4-month period with a peak in October 2009. The median age of the SAFV2-positive children was 4 years (range: 7 months-16 years). Among the 35 SAFV2-positive children, excluding cases of viral coinfection, 13 (37.1%) had pharyngitis, 12 (34.3%) had tonsillitis, and 8 (22.8%) had herpangina. Bronchitis and gastroenteritis were detected in 1 case each. Fever (temperature, >38°C) was noted in 33 (94.3%) cases. The median duration of fever was 2 days (range: 1-3 days). Diarrhea was observed in 7 (20.0%) children, but watery and frequent diarrhea was not common. The age distribution and clinical diagnoses associated with SAFV2 infections were similar to those observed with coxsackievirus B4 infections, which detections showed an epidemic pattern during the study period. CONCLUSION SAFV2 is a cause of upper respiratory tract illness that exhibits a pathogenicity similar to that of coxsackievirus B.
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