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Liu G, Lu J, Sun W, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang J. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid attenuates oxidative stress and modulates mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy of spleen in a piglet model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:80-86. [PMID: 38346662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (2-ketoglutaric acid or 2-oxoglutaric acid, AKG), a crucial intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is pivotal in animal antioxidative process. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AKG has the efficacy to mitigate spleen oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis piglets through the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Utilizing a 2 × 2 factorial design, the study encompassed 24 piglets subjected to varying diets (basal or 1% AKG) and immune stimulations (saline or LPS) over 21 days. Subsequently, they were injected intraperitoneally with either LPS or saline solution. The results showed that LPS decreased antioxidant capacity, whereas AKG supplementation increased antioxidant activities compared to control group. LPS elevated mitochondrial fission factor, mitochondrial elongation factor 1, mitochondrial elongation factor 2, dynamin-related protein 1, voltage-dependent anion channel 1, and fission 1 mRNA abundance, but reduced mRNA abundance of mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, and optic atrophy 1 compared to controls. LPS elevated mRNA abundance of autophagy related protein 5, autophagy related protein 7, P62, Beclin1, and interleukin-1β mRNA abundance compared to controls. However, AKG supplementation mitigated these effects induced by LPS. Additionally, AKG intake was associated with lower protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, Parkin, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 compared to LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that AKG could alleviate spleen oxidative stress caused by LPS by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiajia Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weixiao Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Park JY, Kim MJ, Choi YA, Kim YY, Lee S, Chung JM, Kim SY, Jeong GS, Kim SH. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Clematis terniflora Leaf on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:6653893. [PMID: 38230250 PMCID: PMC10791263 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6653893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
For centuries, natural products are regarded as vital medicines for human survival. Clematis terniflora var. mandshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi is an ingredient of the herbal medicine, Wei Ling Xian, which has been used in Chinese medicine to alleviate pain, fever, and inflammation. In particular, C. terniflora leaves have been used to cure various inflammatory diseases, including tonsillitis, cholelithiasis, and conjunctivitis. Based on these properties, this study aimed to scientifically investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of an ethanol extract of leaves of C. terniflora (EELCT) using activated macrophages that play central roles in inflammatory response. In this study, EELCT inhibited the essential inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in macrophages. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal respiratory disease accompanied by serious inflammation. With high mortality rate, the disease has no effective treatments. Therefore, new therapeutic agents must be developed for ALI. We expected that EELCT can be a promising therapeutic agent for ALI by reducing inflammatory responses and evaluated its action in a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI model. EELCT alleviated histological changes, immune cell infiltration, inflammatory mediator production, and protein-rich pulmonary edema during ALI. Collectively, our results may explain the traditional usage of C. terniflora in inflammatory diseases and suggest the promising potential of EELCT as therapeutic candidate for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong Park
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Yong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Chung
- Department of Gardens and Education, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- DMZ Botanic Garden, Korea National Arboretum, Yanggu 24564, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Skibska B, Kochan E, Stanczak A, Lipert A, Skibska A. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:16. [PMID: 37378741 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) is a naturally occurring organosulfur component. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as kidney and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and aging. Kidneys are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of α-LA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress parameters in rat kidneys. The experimental rats were divided into four groups: I-control (0.9% NaCl i.v.); II-α-LA (60 mg/kg b.w. i.v.); III-LPS (30 mg/kg b.w. i.v.); and IV-LPS + LA (30 mg/kg b.w. i.v. and 60 mg/kg b.w. i.v., respectively). In kidney homogenates the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sulfhydryl groups (-SH), total protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (tGSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio were determined. In addition, the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured to assess inflammation and was estimated kidney oedema. Studies have shown that α-LA administered after LPS administration attenuated kidney oedema and significantly decreased TBARS, H2O2, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in rat kidneys. α-LA also resulted in increase -SH group, total protein, and SOD levels and ameliorated the GSH redox status when compared to the LPS group. The results suggest that α-LA plays an important role against LPS-induced oxidative stress in kidney tissue as well as downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Skibska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kochan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Lipert
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skibska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Song WS, Hung TH, Liu SH, Zheng YT, Lin HM, Yang FY. Neuroprotection by Abdominal Ultrasound in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119329. [PMID: 37298275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation by imbalancing the gut-brain axis. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This study explored LIPUS's neuroprotective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation through transabdominal stimulation. Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.75 mg/kg) daily for seven days, and abdominal LIPUS was applied to the abdominal area for 15 min/day during the last six days. One day after the last LIPUS treatment, biological samples were collected for microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis. Histological examination showed that LPS administration leads to tissue damage in the colon and brain. Transabdominal LIPUS stimulation attenuated colonic damage, reducing histological score, colonic muscle thickness, and villi shortening. Furthermore, abdominal LIPUS reduced hippocampal microglial activation (labeled by ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 [Iba-1]) and neuronal cell loss (labeled by microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2]). Moreover, abdominal LIPUS attenuated the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus and cortex. Altogether, our results indicate that abdominal LIPUS stimulation attenuates LPS-induced colonic inflammation and neuroinflammation. These findings provide new insights into the treatment strategy for neuroinflammation-related brain disorders and may facilitate method development through the gut-brain axis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shin Song
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ting Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Mei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Moniruzzaman M, Maiti AK, Chakraborty SB, Saha I, Saha NC. Melatonin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced brain inflammation through modulation of oxidative status and diminution of cytokine rush in Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103983. [PMID: 36182043 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to induce inflammation and immunonomodulation in a piscine model of Danio rerio. Present study aimed to explore the ability of melatonin in attenuating LPS-induced oxidative damages using this model. In LPS-exposed fish, activation of stress marker MDA was observed in brain with corresponding augmentation of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL10 and TNFα). In addition, it also showed marked increase in the levels of heat shock factor (HSF) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in association with transcription factors (NF-kB and NRF2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The changes in the levels of these mediators are highly correlated with the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In melatonin-treated fishes, significant amelioration of oxidative stress was observed with reduced levels of MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Melatonin also modulated expression of HSPs that facilitated the brain to overcome inflammation-induced stress by directly initiating NFkB/NRF2 translocation. In summary, melatonin effectively functions to reduce stress induced inflammatory signalling through modulation of oxidative stress and protects the brain from the neuropathological insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpan Kumar Maiti
- Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | | | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fisheries and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory Vice Chancellor's Research Group, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba bardhaman, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Blancas-Luciano BE, Becker-Fauser I, Zamora-Chimal J, Delgado-Domínguez J, Ruíz-Remigio A, Leyva-Huerta ER, Portilla-Robertson J, Fernández-Presas AM. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of Cystatin C on human gingival fibroblast incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14232. [PMID: 36312752 PMCID: PMC9615962 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is considered one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases, often leading to the disruption of tooth-supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, causing tooth mobility and loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered the major etiological agent of this disease, having a plethora of virulence factors, including, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hemolysins, and proteinases. Antimicrobial peptides are one of the main components of the innate immune response that inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial activity of cystatin C and to assess the effect on the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the production of reactive oxygen species, and in the release of nitric oxide by human gingival fibroblasts incubated with P. gingivalis in the presence and absence of cystatin C. Methods P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was exposed to cystatin C for 24h and co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) ATCC CRL-2014. The effect of cystatin on growth of P. gingivalis and HGFs was evaluated. Pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were determined by ELISA in the supernatants of HGFs incubated with P. gingivalis exposed to cystatin C. Additionally, nitrites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Results Cystatin Cinhibited the growth of P. gingivalis without affecting HGFs. Incubation of HGFs with P. gingivalis led to a significant increase of TNF-α and IL-1β. In contrast, HGFs incubated with P. gingivalis exposed to cystatin C showed a decreased production of both cytokines, whereas IL-10 was enhanced. Incubation of HGFs with P. gingivalis led to an increase of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS production, which was reduced in the presence of the peptide. Conclusions Cystatin C inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis and decreases the inflammatory cytokines, ROS, and NO production during infection of HGFs with P. gingivalis. Knowledge on the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of cystatin C could aid in the design of new therapeutic approaches to facilitate the elimination of this bacterium to improve the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingeborg Becker-Fauser
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - José Delgado-Domínguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Adriana Ruíz-Remigio
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Elba Rosa Leyva-Huerta
- Departmento de Medicina Oral y Patología, División de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Javier Portilla-Robertson
- Departmento de Medicina Oral y Patología, División de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México,Centro de investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City, México
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Bi S, Shao J, Qu Y, Hu W, Ma Y, Cao L. Hepatic transcriptomics and metabolomics indicated pathways associated with immune stress of broilers induced by lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102199. [PMID: 36257073 PMCID: PMC9579410 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Yu Y, Hu LL, Liu L, Yu LL, Li JP, Rao JA, Zhu LJ, Bao HH, Cheng XS. Hsp22 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12544-12554. [PMID: 34839787 PMCID: PMC8810130 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is ubiquitous in septic shock patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22), which belongs to the small HSP family of proteins, is involved in several biological functions. However, the function of Hsp22 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury is not yet established. This study was aimed at investigating the underlying mechanistic aspects of Hsp22 in myocardial injury induced by LPS. In this study, following the random assignment of male C57BL/6 mice into control, LPS-treated, and LPS + Hsp22 treated groups, relevant echocardiograms and staining were performed to scrutinize the cardiac pathology. Plausible mechanisms were proposed based on the findings of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting assay. A protective role of Hsp22 against LPS-induced myocardial injury emerged, as evidenced from decreased levels of creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and enhanced cardiac function. The post-LPS administration-caused spike in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NLRP3) was attenuated by the Hsp22 pre-treatment. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) levels were augmented by Hsp22 treatment resulting in lowering of LPS-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In summary, the suppression of LPS-induced myocardial injury by Hsp22 overexpression via targeting of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes paves the way for this protein to be employed in the therapy of SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Long-Long Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Pei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing-an Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Juan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Shu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Dietary nutrients and their control of the redox bioenergetic networks as therapeutics in redox dysfunctions sustained pathologies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105709. [PMID: 34089868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrons exchange amongst the chemical species in an organism is a pivotal concomitant activity carried out by individual cells for basic cellular processes and continuously contribute towards the maintenance of bioenergetic networks plus physiological attributes like cell growth, phenotypic differences and nutritional adaptations. Humans exchange matter and energy via complex connections of metabolic pathways (redox reactions) amongst cells being a thermodynamically open system. Usually, these reactions are the real lifeline and driving forces of health and disease in the living entity. Many shreds of evidence support the secondary role of reactive species in the cellular process of control apoptosis and proliferation. Disrupted redox mechanisms are seen in malaises, like degenerative and metabolic disorders, cancerous cells. This review targets the importance of redox reactions in the body's normal functioning and the effects of its alterations in cells to obtain a better understanding. Understanding the redox dynamics in a pathological state can provide an opportunity for cure or diagnosis at the earlier stage and serve as an essential biomarker to predict in advance to give personalized therapy. Understanding redox metabolism can also highlight the use of naturally available antioxidant in the form of diet.
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10
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Ahiwe EU, Abdallh ME, Chang'a EP, Al-Qahtani M, Omede AA, Graham H, Iji PA. Influence of autolyzed whole yeast and yeast components on broiler chickens challenged with salmonella lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2020; 98:7129-7138. [PMID: 31392341 PMCID: PMC6870557 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary yeast products on broiler chickens challenged with salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The chicks were divided into 8 treatments with 6 replicates and 9 birds per replicate. The treatments consisted of a positive control (PC) [without supplementation and not challenged]; negative control (NC) [without supplementation but challenged]; whole yeast and challenged; yeast cell wall and challenged; yeast glucan and challenged; yeast mannan and challenged; zinc bacitracin and challenged; and Salinomycin and challenged. Whole yeast or Yeast cell wall was included at 2.0 g/kg diet. Yeast glucan or mannan was added at 0.20 g/kg diet. Zinc bacitracin (ZNB) and Salinomycin (SAL) was included at 50 and 60 ppm, respectively. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake (FI) at day 10. Supplementation with yeast and its derivatives improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) on day 10. On days 24 and 35, LPS challenge declined FI, BWG, FCR, and flock uniformity (day 28) in the NC group compared to the PC group. Yeast products and antibiotics improved (P < 0.05) FI, BWG, FCR, and flock uniformity in LPS-challenged birds. On day 24, spleen weight increased while bursa weight decreased in the NC group relative to the PC group; this effect was reversed (P < 0.05) by feeding all yeasts and antibiotics. On day 24, application of all the dietary treatments ameliorated the changes observed in white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte counts as well as albumin and immunoglobulin G of NC birds. On day 35, all yeasts additives, ZNB and SAL improved (P < 0.05) the meat yield of broilers challenged with LPS. In conclusion, supplementation of diets with yeast and its derivatives can ameliorate the negative effects of salmonella LPS challenge on broiler chicks, thus improving the performance, flock uniformity, and meat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- E U Ahiwe
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri PMB 1526, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - M E Abdallh
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, Sudan
| | - E P Chang'a
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia.,Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), P. O. Box 352, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - M Al-Qahtani
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - A A Omede
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia.,Department of Animal Production, Kogi State University, Anyigba PMB 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - H Graham
- AB Vista UK, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - P A Iji
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia.,College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Koronivia 1544, Fiji
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11
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Xie S, Li Y, Zhao S, Lv Y, Yu Q. Salmonella infection induced intestinal crypt hyperplasia through Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chicken. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:179-183. [PMID: 32199176 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
S. Pullorum is a causative agent of enteric disease of poultry with serious diarrhea. However, the detailed mechanism behind its injury to intestinal mucosa barrier, especially for intestinal stem cells, is unclear. In this study, S. Pullorum were orally administrated to 3 days old chicken to investigate the pathogenesis of S. Pullorum on intestinal mucosal barrier, especially on the proliferation of epithelial cells. We found that S. Pullorum could colonize in the cecum and invade into the liver through intestinal mucosa damage, which caused obvious pathological changes in liver and intestine and even leaded to death, as well as significant reduction of body weight. We also found that S. Pullorum infection enhanced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 through TLR4/MyD88 pathway, which was also further verified by the increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in serum. Furthermore, S. Pullorum increased the depth of crypt and density of PCNA+ cells significantly through the over-activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression of intestinal stem cells markers Lgr5 and Bmi1 was also increased after S. Pullorum infection to support the crypt hyperplasia. In addition, we verified that S. Pullorum infection enhanced the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TLR4, Lgr5 and Bmi1. Our study indicated that S. Pullorum infection damaged the intestinal mucosa barrier to induce diarrhea, affected the abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells by over-activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yingjun Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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Obesity Enhances Antioxidant Capacity and Reduces Cytokine Levels of the Spleen in Mice to Resist Splenic Injury Challenged by Escherichia coli. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5948256. [PMID: 32104715 PMCID: PMC7036121 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5948256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese mice exhibited more lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and milder lung injury after Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection. However, it remained unclear whether the spleen contributed to the effect of obese mice with infection. The study was purposed to reveal the histopathological changes of the spleen caused by oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice challenged by Escherichia coli. After infection, the spleen tissues were obtained in normal and DIO mice at 0 h (uninfected), 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h postinfection. Results revealed that DIO mice have higher contents of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the spleen than normal mice and lower concentrations of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT and higher MDA than normal mice. After an intranasal drip of E. coli, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT in the DIO mice were elevated and the content of MDA declined. The activities of SOD and CAT in the normal mice declined, and the content of MDA was elevated. Moreover, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the spleen declined in DIO mice at 24 and 72 h, although the contents of leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated at 12 h. The contents of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated in normal mice at 12 and 24 h. Those results indicated that obesity elevated splenic oxidation and inflammatory levels, but it enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced cytokine levels of the spleen in mice to resist splenic injury after an intranasal drip of E. coli.
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Gong Q, He L, Wang M, Zuo S, Gao H, Feng Y, Du L, Luo Y, Li J. Comparison of the TLR4/NFκB and NLRP3 signalling pathways in major organs of the mouse after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:555-563. [PMID: 31446815 PMCID: PMC6720225 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1653326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Context: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to induce immunoinflammatory reactions. TLR4/NFκB and NLRP3 signalling are major factors for inflammation. Dexamethasone (DXM) has an anti-immunoinflammatory effect. Objective: To investigate the inflammatory reaction in pathological changes of organs and the expression of inflammatory signalling during LPS infection. Materials and methods: ICR mice were divided into control group (n = 9), LPS group (n = 15) and LPS + DXM group (n = 14). LPS (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in LPS group and LPS + DXM group, normal saline was injected to the control group; DXM (0.5 mg/kg) was given by intragastric administration. 12 h after LPS, the blood was collected and the organs were isolated for biochemical analysis, protein expression, and morphological examination. Results: The results showed that BUN, Cre, ALT, AST in the LPS group increased distinctly by 81.42, 67.84, 40.53 and 36.05%, respectively, and CK, ALP, TP and ALB decreased by 71.37, 60.6, 12.57 and 19.73%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the morphologic observation, local necrosis in the liver, arterial vasodilation in the heart and kidney, alveolar secretions and pulmonary interstitial in the lungs, and mucosal shedding in the small and large intestines, the expression of TLR4-NFκB signalling were up-regulated distinctly whereas NLRP3 signalling was less broadly affected. DXM can decrease BUN and Cre, downregulate the expression of TLR4-NFκB signalling, but has no effect on the organ damage based on morphology. Conclusion: Acute injuries induced by LPS are extensive. The inflammatory damage in small and large intestines, liver and kidney was more severe than other organs. TLR4-NFκB signalling was the major response to LPS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Luling He
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Mulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shasha Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Yingying Luo School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 56, Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and Efficient Energy-saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- CONTACT Jun Li
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Assessment of the role of α-lipoic acid against the oxidative stress of induced iron overload. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Insights on Localized and Systemic Delivery of Redox-Based Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2468457. [PMID: 29636836 PMCID: PMC5832094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2468457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are indispensable in cellular physiology and signaling. Overproduction of these reactive species or failure to maintain their levels within the physiological range results in cellular redox dysfunction, often termed cellular oxidative stress. Redox dysfunction in turn is at the molecular basis of disease etiology and progression. Accordingly, antioxidant intervention to restore redox homeostasis has been pursued as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders among many others. Despite preliminary success in cellular and animal models, redox-based interventions have virtually been ineffective in clinical trials. We propose the fundamental reason for their failure is a flawed delivery approach. Namely, systemic delivery for a geographically local disease limits the effectiveness of the antioxidant. We take a critical look at the literature and evaluate successful and unsuccessful approaches to translation of redox intervention to the clinical arena, including dose, patient selection, and delivery approach. We argue that when interpreting a failed antioxidant-based clinical trial, it is crucial to take into account these variables and importantly, whether the drug had an effect on the redox status. Finally, we propose that local and targeted delivery hold promise to translate redox-based therapies from the bench to the bedside.
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Mansour HA, Hassan WA, Georgy GS. Neuroinflammatory reactions in sickness behavior induced by bacterial infection: Protective effect of minocycline. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [PMID: 29243859 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurological changes elicited by bacterial infection are called sickness behavior. Minocycline (MIN) is neuroprotective with a remarkable brain tissue penetration. MIN was orally administered at a dose 90 mg/kg for 3 days, whereas Escherichia coli was given as a single intraperitoneal injection (0.2 mL of 24 h growth) on the third day. After 24 h of bacterial infection, behavioral tests namely open field and forced swimming were carried out, then animals were decapitated. Rats infected with E. coli displayed reduced struggling time in forced swimming test, as well as, exploration and locomotion in open field test with reduction in neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) versus elevation in the inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, reduced glutathione) biomarkers. Inflammatory infiltrates of nuclear cells were observed in brains of infected rats. MIN administration prevented the deleterious effects of E. coli infection, thus protects against sickness behavior possibly via defending from neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wedad A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan S Georgy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
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Protective effect of α–lipoic acid against spleen toxicity of dimethylnitrosamine in male mice: Antioxidant and ultrastructure approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:459-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Antwi AO, Obiri DD, Osafo N, Forkuo AD, Essel LB. Stigmasterol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune responses in murine models. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 53:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Li N, Ansari AR, Sun Z, Huang H, Cui L, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhong J, Abdel-Kafy ESM, Liu H. Toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway participated in Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced spleen injury in young chicks. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:288-294. [PMID: 28987624 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Özbeyli D, Berberoglu AC, Özen A, Erkan O, Başar Y, Şen T, Akakın D, Yüksel M, Kasımay Çakır Ö. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid, aerobic or resistance exercise from colitis in second hand smoke exposed young rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 44:62-70. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Özbeyli
- Physiology Department; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Anıl Özen
- Marmara University School of Medicine Students; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Oktay Erkan
- Marmara University School of Medicine Students; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yunus Başar
- Marmara University School of Medicine Students; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tunahan Şen
- Marmara University School of Medicine Students; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Histology and Embriology Department; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Medical Laboratory Program; Vocational School of Health Related Professions; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Özgür Kasımay Çakır
- Physiology Department; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
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Wang D, Zhou L, Zhou H, Hou G, Shi L. Effects of dietary α-lipoic acid on carcass characteristics, antioxidant capability and meat quality in Hainan black goats. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1263546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingfa Wang
- Research Center of Animal Science, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Luli Zhou
- Research Center of Animal Science, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Research Center of Animal Science, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Research Center of Animal Science, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Liguang Shi
- Research Center of Animal Science, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
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Wrotek S, Domagalski K, Jędrzejewski T, Dec E, Kozak W. Buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione depletor, attenuates endotoxic fever and reduces IL-1β and IL-6 level in rats. Cytokine 2016; 90:31-37. [PMID: 27764704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) - a glutathione depletor - on a course of endotoxic fever and IL-1β and IL-6 production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli (50μg/kg, ip) to provoke fever. The level of spleen glutathione, plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and deep body temperature (Tb) were measured. RESULTS The LPS administration provoked fever (the average Tb was 38.14±0.05°C in NaCl/LPS-treated rats vs 37.10±0.03°C in control, not-treated rats; p<0.001). We observed that LPS injection induced a decrease in spleen glutathione level (7.67±0.92nM/g vs 13.27±0.47nM/g in not-treated rats; p<0.001). Furthermore, the injection of LPS provoked an elevation of plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentration (from values below the lowest detectable standard in not-treated animals to 199.99±34.89pg/mL and 7500±542.21pg/mL, respectively; p<0.001). Pretreatment with BSO enhanced glutathione decrease in LPS-treated rats (5.05±0.49nM/g), and significantly affected fever (maximal Tb was 37.81±0.07°C in BSO/LPS-treated rats vs 38.76±0.11°C in NaCl/LPS-treated rats). BSO 4h after LPS injection decreased IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression (about 1.5 fold, and 2 fold, respectively). In a consequence we observed a decrease in plasma IL-6 concentration (4h after LPS injection plasma IL-6 was 4167.17±956.54pg/mL in BSO/LPS-treated rats vs 7500±542.21pg/mL in NaCl/LPS-treated rats; p<0.001), and later IL-1β (7h after LPS injection the IL-1β concentration was not detected). CONCLUSION Based on these data, we conclude that BSO, in addition to well-known application as an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, is an antipyretic agent which reduces both IL-1β and IL-6 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Domagalski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Eliza Dec
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Kozak
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Alpha-lipoic acid prevents endotoxic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by endotoxemia in rats. Shock 2016; 43:405-11. [PMID: 25514429 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring disulfide derivative of octanoic acid, serves as a strong antioxidant and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ALA on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by endotoxemia in rats. Male Wistar rats were intravenously infused with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg) to induce endotoxemia. Alpha-lipoic acid 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg was administered intravenously 60 min before (pretreatment) LPS challenge, and ALA 40 mg/kg was administered intravenously 30 min after (posttreatment) LPS challenge. Pretreatment and posttreatment with ALA significantly improved the deleterious hemodynamic changes 8 h after LPS challenge, including hypotension and bradycardia. Alpha-lipoic acid reduced the plasma levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide metabolites, and thrombin-antithrombin complex, which increased markedly after LPS challenge. The induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase both in the liver and the lung and vascular superoxide anion production were also significantly suppressed by ALA. Moreover, ALA significantly attenuated LPS-induced caspase-3 activation in cardiomyocytes and improved survival rate. In conclusion, ALA effectively attenuated LPS-induced acute inflammatory response and improved MODS. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ALA may contribute to these beneficial effects. Alpha-lipoic acid might be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy in the prevention of sepsis-induced MODS and inflammatory vascular diseases.
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Cheng R, Choudhury D, Liu C, Billet S, Hu T, Bhowmick NA. Gingival fibroblasts resist apoptosis in response to oxidative stress in a model of periodontal diseases. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15046. [PMID: 27551475 PMCID: PMC4979524 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are classified as inflammation affecting the supporting tissue of teeth, which eventually leads to tooth loss. Mild reversible gingivitis and severe irreversible periodontitis are the most common periodontal diseases. Periodontal pathogens initiate the diseases. The bacterial toxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggers the inflammatory response and leads to oxidative stress. However, the progress of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases is unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine oxidative stress and cell damage in gingivitis and periodontitis. Our results showed that LPS increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in gingival fibroblast (GF). However, oxidative stress resulting from excessive ROS did not influence DNA damage and cell apoptosis within 24 h. The mechanism may be related to the increased expression of DNA repair genes, Ogg1, Neil1 and Rad50. Detection of apoptosis-related proteins also showed anti-apoptotic effects and pro-apoptotic effects were balanced. The earliest damage appeared in DNA when increased γH2AX, an early biomarker for DNA damage, was detected in the LPS group after 48 h. Later, when recurrent inflammation persisted, 8-OHdG, a biomarker for oxidative stress was much higher in periodontitis model compared to the control in vivo. Staining of 8-OHdG in human periodontitis specimens confirmed the results. Furthermore, TUNEL staining of apoptotic cells indicated that the periodontitis model induced more cell apoptosis in gingival tissue. This suggested GF could resist early and acute inflammation (gingivitis), which was regarded as reversible, but recurrent and chronic inflammation (periodontitis) led to permanent cell damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Choudhury
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Billet
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - N A Bhowmick
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Najafi R, Sharifi AM, Hosseini A. Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid on high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:731-8. [PMID: 25404528 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia plays an important role in the development of diabetic neuropathy. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) against high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells as a suitable in vitro model for studying neuronal functions. PC12 cells were treated with high glucose (25 mg/ml for 24 h) in the absence and presence of ALA (100 μM for 24 h). The viability of PC12 cells was estimated by using MTT assay. The expression of pro- apoptotic Bax, anti- apoptotic Bcl-2 and caspase 3 protein were evaluated by western blotting. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined with 2,7-dichlorodihydro- fluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Biochemical markers of oxidative stress were assessed by using the total antioxidant power (TAP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), ADP/ATP ratio, activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Pretreatment of PC12 cells with ALA, significantly improved high glucose-induced toxicity by increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD in the PC12 cell. It also increased the concentrations of TAP. An elevated level of cell death and ROS in high glucose conditions, diminished with ALA treatment. Over expression of Bax and caspase 3 protein, elevation of ADP/ATP ratio and LPO level in high glucose- treated PC12 cells, were significantly reduced by ALA. It was concluded that ALA attenuates neurotoxicity induced by high glucose in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Najafi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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Zullo JA, Nadel EP, Rabadi MM, Baskind MJ, Rajdev MA, Demaree CM, Vasko R, Chugh SS, Lamba R, Goligorsky MS, Ratliff BB. The Secretome of Hydrogel-Coembedded Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Instructs Macrophage Polarization in Endotoxemia. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:852-61. [PMID: 25947337 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : We previously reported the delivery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) embedded in hyaluronic acid-based (HA)-hydrogels protects renal function during acute kidney injury (AKI) and promotes angiogenesis. We attempted to further ameliorate renal dysfunction by coembedding EPCs with renal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), while examining their paracrine influence on cytokine/chemokine release and proinflammatory macrophages. A live/dead assay determined whether EPC-MSC coculturing improved viability during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, and HA-hydrogel-embedded delivery of cells to LPS-induced AKI mice was assessed for effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), circulating cytokines/chemokines, serum creatinine, proteinuria, and angiogenesis (femoral ligation). Cytokine/chemokine release from embedded stem cells was examined, including effects on macrophage polarization and release of proinflammatory molecules. EPC-MSC coculturing improved stem cell viability during LPS exposure, an effect augmented by MSC hypoxic preconditioning. The delivery of coembedded EPCs with hypoxic preconditioned MSCs to AKI mice demonstrated additive improvement (compared with EPC delivery alone) in medullary RBF and proteinuria, with comparable effects on serum creatinine, MAP, and angiogenesis. Exposure of proinflammatory M1 macrophages to EPC-MSC conditioned medium changed their polarization to anti-inflammatory M2. Incubation of coembedded EPCs-MSCs with macrophages altered their release of cytokines/chemokines, including enhanced release of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. EPC-MSC delivery to endotoxemic mice elevated the levels of circulating M2 macrophages and reduced the circulating cytokines/chemokines. In conclusion, coembedding EPCs-MSCs improved their resistance to stress, impelled macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 while altering their cytokine/chemokines release, reduced circulating cytokines/chemokines, and improved renal and vascular function when MSCs were hypoxically preconditioned. SIGNIFICANCE This report provides insight into a new therapeutic approach for treatment of sepsis and provides a new and improved strategy using hydrogels for the delivery of stem cells to treat sepsis and, potentially, other injuries and/or diseases. The delivery of two different stem cell lines (endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells; delivered alone and together) embedded in a protective bioengineered scaffolding (hydrogel) offers many therapeutic benefits for the treatment of sepsis. This study shows how hydrogel-delivered stem cells elicit their effects and how hydrogel embedding enhances the therapeutic efficacy of delivered stem cells. Hydrogel-delivered stem cells influence the components of the overactive immune system during sepsis and work to counterbalance the release of many proinflammatory and prodamage substances from immune cells, thereby improving the associated vascular and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Zullo
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ellen P Nadel
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - May M Rabadi
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Baskind
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maharshi A Rajdev
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cameron M Demaree
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Radovan Vasko
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Savneek S Chugh
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rajat Lamba
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael S Goligorsky
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Brian B Ratliff
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Suchecka D, Harasym J, Wilczak J, Gajewska M, Oczkowski M, Gudej S, Błaszczyk K, Kamola D, Filip R, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of high beta-glucan concentration purified aqueous extract from oat in experimental model of LPS-induced chronic enteritis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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28
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Kim YN, Kim DW, Jo HS, Shin MJ, Ahn EH, Ryu EJ, Yong JI, Cha HJ, Kim SJ, Yeo HJ, Youn JK, Hwang JH, Jeong JH, Kim DS, Cho SW, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Tat-CBR1 inhibits inflammatory responses through the suppressions of NF-κB and MAPK activation in macrophages and TPA-induced ear edema in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:124-34. [PMID: 25818598 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) plays a crucial role in cell survival and protects against oxidative stress response. However, its anti-inflammatory effects are not yet clearly understood. In this study, we examined whether CBR1 protects against inflammatory responses in macrophages and mice using a Tat-CBR1 protein which is able to penetrate into cells. The results revealed that purified Tat-CBR1 protein efficiently transduced into Raw 264.7 cells and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression levels. In addition, Tat-CBR1 protein leads to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through suppression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Furthermore, Tat-CBR1 protein inhibited inflammatory responses in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation when applied topically. These findings indicate that Tat-CBR1 protein has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK activation, suggesting that Tat-CBR1 protein may have potential as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Kangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Yong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Heon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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Berger MM, Köhne H, Hotz L, Hammer M, Schommer K, Bärtsch P, Mairbäurl H. Remote ischemic preconditioning delays the onset of acute mountain sickness in normobaric hypoxia. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12325. [PMID: 25742960 PMCID: PMC4393159 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a neurological disorder occurring when ascending too fast, too high. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a noninvasive intervention protecting remote organs from subsequent hypoxic damage. We hypothesized that RIPC protects against AMS and that this effect is related to reduced oxidative stress. Fourteen subjects were exposed to 18 hours of normoxia (21% oxygen) and 18 h of normobaric hypoxia (12% oxygen, equivalent to 4500 m) on different days in a blinded, randomized order. RIPC consisted of four cycles of lower limb ischemia (5 min) and 5 min of reperfusion, and was performed immediately before the study room was entered. A control group was exposed to hypoxia (12% oxygen, n = 14) without RIPC. AMS was evaluated by the Lake Louise score (LLS) and the AMS-C score of the Environmental Symptom Questionnaire. Plasma concentrations of ascorbate radicals, oxidized sulfhydryl (SH) groups, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal intensity were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. RIPC reduced AMS scores (LLS: 1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5; AMS-C score: 0.4 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2), ascorbate radicals (27 ± 7 vs. 65 ± 18 nmol/L), oxidized SH groups (3.9 ± 1.4 vs. 14.3 ± 4.6 μmol/L), and EPR signal intensity (0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4 × 10(6)) after 5 h in hypoxia (all P < 0.05). After 18 hours in hypoxia there was no difference in AMS and oxidative stress between RIPC and control. AMS and plasma markers of oxidative stress did not correlate. This study demonstrates that RIPC transiently reduces symptoms of AMS and that this effect is not associated with reduced plasma levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and General Critical Care Medicine, Salzburg General Hospital Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannah Köhne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hotz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and General Critical Care Medicine, Salzburg General Hospital Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Moritz Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine VII, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Schommer
- Department of Internal Medicine VII, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bärtsch
- Department of Internal Medicine VII, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VII, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Demiryilmaz I, Turan MI, Kisaoglu A, Gulapoglu M, Yilmaz I, Suleyman H. Protective effect of nimesulide against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: Effects on oxidant/antioxidants, DNA mutation and COX-1/COX-2 levels. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:647-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effect of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv® on the serum PON1 activity in post-acute stroke patients. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:743-50. [PMID: 23950599 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is one of the HDL-associated proteins which contributes to the antioxidant properties of these lipoproteins. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv® on serum PON1 activity in post-acute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. METHODS We enrolled 28 post-acute stroke patients and randomly divided them into (-) ALA or (+) ALA study groups. All the patients underwent the same rehabilitation program and received comparable standard medications. Moreover, (+) ALA patients received ALAnerv® for two weeks (2 pills/day). The serum PON1 activity was assessed on blood samples taken at the admission and at the discharge moments, respectively. We used paraoxon (paraoxonase activity, PONA), phenyl acetate (arylesterase activity, ARYLA) and dihydrocoumarin (lactonase activity, LACTA) as substrates, the latter activity being regarded as physiologically relevant. A control group of 14 apparently healthy subjects was also created. RESULTS In the (+) ALA group, LACTA significantly increased during the study period (17.6 ± 3.2 vs. 27.6 ± 3.5, p = 0.002). Moreover, the percentage of LACTA variation between (-) ALA and (+) ALA groups during the study was also statistically different (-11.7 ± 6.9% vs. +95.1 ± 29.7%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that ALA nerv® could contribute to the improvement of the physiologically relevant LACTA of PON1 in post-acute stroke patients, enabling this enzyme to contribute to the redox correction. Also, this study raises the question about the effect of a longer treatment period over the other enzymatic activities of serum PON1.
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Porfire AS, Leucuţa SE, Kiss B, Loghin F, Pârvu AE. Investigation into the role of Cu/Zn-SOD delivery system on its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity in rat model of peritonitis. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:670-6. [PMID: 24948070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the role of delivery system (solution, conventional liposomes and PEG-ylated liposomes) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis. METHODS Fifty male albino rats (Wistar-Bratislava) were divided into five groups (n=10). Control group received saline and the other four groups received intraperitoneal injections of LPS (5mg/kg). Among the LPS-injected groups, one was LPS control group and the other three groups received the endotoxin injection 30min after receiving the same dose of SOD (500U/kg, ip) in different delivery systems: saline solution (SOD-S), conventional liposomes (SOD-L) or PEG-ylated liposomes (SOD-PL). The animals were euthanized 6h after LPS injection, blood samples were collected and acute phase response (total and differential leukocytes count; tumor necrosis factor α), antioxidants (total antioxidants; reduced glutathione), oxidative stress (total oxidants; lipid peroxidation) and nitrosative stress (nitric oxide metabolites; nitrotyrosine) were evaluated. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of LPS to rats induced a marked inflammatory and oxidative response in plasma. On the other hand, all SOD formulations had protective effect against endotoxin-induced inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, but PEG-ylated liposomes had the most significant activity. Thus, SOD-PL administration significantly reduced the effects of LPS on bone marrow acute phase response, the oxidative status and production of nitric oxide metabolites, while increasing the markers of antioxidant response in a significant manner. CONCLUSION SOD supplementation interferes both with inflammatory and oxidative pathways involved in LPS-induced acute inflammation, PEG-ylated liposomal formulation being of choice among the tested delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina S Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sorin E Leucuţa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bela Kiss
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kim MJ, Jeong HJ, Kim DW, Sohn EJ, Jo HS, Kim DS, Kim HA, Park EY, Park JH, Son O, Han KH, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. PEP-1-PON1 protein regulates inflammatory response in raw 264.7 macrophages and ameliorates inflammation in a TPA-induced animal model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86034. [PMID: 24465855 PMCID: PMC3900452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme which plays a central role in various diseases. However, the mechanism and function of PON1 protein in inflammation are poorly understood. Since PON1 protein alone cannot be delivered into cells, we generated a cell permeable PEP-1-PON1 protein using protein transduction domains, and examined whether it can protect against cell death in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated Raw 264.7 cells as well as mice with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation. We demonstrated that PEP-1-PON1 protein transduced into Raw 264.7 cells and markedly protected against LPS or H2O2-induced cell death by inhibiting cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the inflammatory mediator’s expression, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, topically applied PEP-1-PON1 protein ameliorates TPA-treated mice skin inflammation via a reduction of inflammatory response. Our results indicate that PEP-1-PON1 protein plays a key role in inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that PEP-1-PON1 protein may provide a potential protein therapy against oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Hoon Jae Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheonnamdo, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyongchon, Kyunggido, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
- * E-mail: (WSE); (SYC)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
- * E-mail: (WSE); (SYC)
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34
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Cytotoxic effect of lomefloxacin in culture of human epidermal melanocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:689-99. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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