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Winter RL, Maneval KL, Ferrel CS, Clark WA, Herrold EJ, Rhinehart JD. Evaluation of right ventricular diastolic function, systolic function, and circulating galectin-3 concentrations in dogs with pulmonary stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2030-2038. [PMID: 37767953 PMCID: PMC10658516 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases with increased right ventricular (RV) afterload induce RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis in humans. Studies in dogs with pulmonary stenosis (PS) evaluating RV diastolic function and markers of myocardial fibrosis are lacking. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Dogs with PS have echocardiographic evidence of RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction and increased serum concentrations of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a surrogate biomarker for myocardial fibrosis. ANIMALS Forty client-owned dogs (10 controls, 30 with PS). METHODS Prospective study. All dogs had systemic blood pressure measurement, serum biochemical analysis, echocardiography, and measurement of serum Gal-3 concentration performed. RESULTS Variables of RV diastolic function were obtained in 39/40 dogs. Trans-tricuspid flow velocity in early diastole to trans-tricuspid flow velocity in late diastole ratios (RV E/A) were lower (P < .001) in dogs with PS (median, 0.94; range, 0.62-2.04) compared to controls (1.78; 1.17-2.35). Trans-tricuspid flow velocity in early diastole to tricuspid annular myocardial velocity in early diastole ratios (RV E/e') were higher (P < .001) in dogs with PS (11.55; 4.69-28) compared to control (6.21; 5.16-7.21). Variables of RV systolic function were lower in dogs with PS (P = <.001). Serum Gal-3 concentration was higher (P = .002) in dogs with PS (285.1 pg/mL; 94.71-406.97) compared to control dogs (162.83 pg/mL; 52.3-232.82). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with PS have RV diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and increased Gal-3 concentrations. These findings suggest the presence of RV myocardial fibrosis in dogs with PS, which could impact clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara L. Maneval
- College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | | | - William A. Clark
- Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Emily J. Herrold
- Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Winter RL, Clark WA, Cutchin E, Rhinehart JD. Integrative echocardiographic assessment of post-operative obstruction severity and restenosis after balloon valvuloplasty in 81 dogs with pulmonary stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 45:71-78. [PMID: 36716612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a congenital defect in the dog that is managed with balloon valvuloplasty (BV). Obstruction severity is routinely assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. The objectives of this study were to describe the short-term changes and long-term restenosis by retrospectively evaluating flow-dependent and flow-independent echocardiographic variables for dogs with PS after BV. ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Medical records and stored echocardiographic images were reviewed from dogs that received BV for PS. The following echocardiographic variables were measured or calculated: maximum systolic ejection velocity (VmaxPV) and velocity-derived maximal pressure gradient (PV maxPG) across the pulmonary valve; ratio of aortic to pulmonary velocity time integral (VTIAV/VTIPV); ratio of aortic to pulmonary maximal velocity. RESULTS Eighty-one dogs with PS that had a BV were included. Each of these dogs had pulmonary obstruction severity assessed in at least three timepoints. Forty-nine dogs had at least one additional examination performed, the last of which occurred a median of 504 days after the BV. Echocardiographic variables at the first follow-up had increased by a clinically relevant quantity in 20-34% of the dogs when comparing to the immediate post-BV examination. The last follow-up examination identified valve restenosis in 18-38% of the dogs in this study. Valve type and pre-BV obstruction severity did not have a significant effect (P > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS For the assessment of BV efficacy, the immediate post-BV echocardiogram may not be as useful as the first follow-up examination several months later. Pulmonary restenosis after BV may be more prevalent than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Winter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 1220 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - W A Clark
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - E Cutchin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - J D Rhinehart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
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Wieser M, Ringer SK, Baron Toaldo M. Pericardial tamponade during balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wieser
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simone Katja Ringer
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Viilmann I, Vettorato E. Propofol‐dexmedetomidine continuous infusion in a dog with pulmonic stenosis undergoing balloon valvuloplasty. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Viilmann
- Dick White Referrals Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
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Rovroy LB, Szatmári V. Age of puppies at referral to veterinary cardiology specialists for murmur investigation. Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:37. [PMID: 34556139 PMCID: PMC8461946 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac auscultation is an important screening test at the first health examination of puppies because most clinically relevant congenital cardiac anomalies cause a loud murmur from birth. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the age at which dogs with suspected congenital cardiac anomalies were referred to a veterinary cardiology specialist for murmur investigation. A secondary aim was to establish the time interval between the visit to the cardiologist and the first available murmur documentation. The digital archive of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched for dogs with congenital cardiac anomalies and puppies with innocent murmurs during a 5-year period. Dogs had to be referred because of a murmur, and they had to undergo physical examination and echocardiography by a veterinary cardiology specialist. The health certificate section of the pet passport, and the medical records from the referring veterinarian, were reviewed to identify the date when the murmur was first documented. Results Of the 271 included dogs, 94% had a congenital cardiac anomaly and 6% had an innocent murmur. The dogs’ median age was 190 days when they were examined by the cardiologist. Only 10% of the dogs were referred by the breeder’s veterinarian, while 90% of the dogs were referred by the new owner’s veterinarian. The median age of the first available murmur documentation by a first opinion veterinary practitioner was 95 days. Conclusions Only 10% of the puppies in the present study were referred to a veterinary cardiology specialist for murmur investigation before they were sold to a new owner. Referral prior to re-homing would have been feasible if the murmur had been detected and documented by the breeder’s veterinarian, if referral was offered by the breeder’s veterinarian and the referral was accepted by the breeder.
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Identification and Clinical Significance of Heart Murmurs in Puppies Involved in Puppy Trade. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080139. [PMID: 34437461 PMCID: PMC8402762 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of a congenital heart defect at purchase is an important step in early detection from a clinical and legal standpoint. Indeed, some cardiac abnormalities may be corrected with surgery, and very often, treatment needs to be performed early before congestive heart failure or irreversible heart damage can occur. From a legal viewpoint, if the defect is revealed in a newly purchased puppy, the buyer may be required to return it and receive compensation. Puppies affected with congenital heart defects are likely to die prematurely, causing emotional suffering to the owner. Furthermore, by considering breed predisposition, early recognition allows breeders to avoid breeding from particular dogs with genetic defects and prevent the continuation of genetic defects in breeding lines. Given gaps in the literature about the recognition of murmurs in the puppy trade, the present article describes how to identify a heart murmur in a puppy during a pre-purchase examination and its significance from a clinical and legal viewpoint. In the canine population, the prevalence of cardiac defects ranges between 0.13 and 1.6%. Pulmonic stenosis is the most common defect found in puppies, followed by patent ductus arteriosus, subaortic stenosis, and ventricular septal defect. On the basis of the above considerations, the veterinarian should recognize and identify the murmur following a protocol for routine examination of puppies involved in trade.
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Funk LL, Rodriguez KT, Leach SB. Balloon valvuloplasty in 2 juvenile alpacas with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2069-2074. [PMID: 34101907 PMCID: PMC8295714 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two juvenile alpacas, 1 male and 1 female, were presented for evaluation of grade V/VI bilateral basilar systolic heart murmurs. Both animals were ultimately diagnosed with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis and a small ventricular septal defect. Transvenous balloon valvuloplasty was performed in each animal using methods described in the dog. A double balloon technique was employed in the first case, with a balloon‐annulus ratio of ~1.55. For the second case, a high‐pressure dilatation balloon catheter with a balloon‐annulus ratio of ~1.33 was selected. Experience with both procedures indicates that balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is technically feasible in alpacas using techniques extrapolated from those used in dogs. Furthermore, accepted criteria for procedural success were fulfilled for both alpacas, with more than a 50% reduction in the echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient after intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan L Funk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kiira T Rodriguez
- University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey B Leach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Repeat balloon valvuloplasty for dogs with recurrent or persistent pulmonary stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 34:29-36. [PMID: 33548736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a common congenital defect in the dog. Severe valvar PS can be treated with balloon valvuloplasty (BV) to reduce obstruction severity and improve clinical signs. Repeat BV is often unnecessary, as restenosis is uncommon. Repeated pulmonary BV in people is generally successful and safe, but outcomes in dogs with recurrent or persistent stenosis have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to retrospectively evaluate outcomes of repeat BV in dogs. ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Medical records and stored echocardiographic images were reviewed from dogs that received repeat BV for pulmonary valvar restenosis or persistent stenosis. Echocardiographic variables included maximum systolic ejection velocity (PVmax), velocity-derived maximal pressure gradient (PGmax) and velocity time integral (VTI) across the pulmonary valve, and ratios of pulmonic to aortic maximum velocity (PVmax/AVmax) and VTI (VTIPV/VTIAV). RESULTS Twenty-three dogs were included; one underwent three BV procedures. The median time between BV procedures was 18.3 months (interquartile range, 6.3-43.6). One dog died during repeat BV, but no others experienced adverse effects. Reductions in PVmax, PGmax, and VTIPV after initial and repeat BV were 1.85 m/s, 76.2 mmHg, and 44.7 cm and 1.33 m/s, 55.6 mmHg, and 30.2 cm, respectively (all p < 0.01). Differences between pre-BV and post-BV PVmax, PGmax, VTIPV, PVmax/AVmax, and VTIPV/VTIAV were not different comparing initial to repeat BV (all p > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Repeat BV for recurrent or persistent PS is well tolerated and effective in a majority of dogs.
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Outcomes after combined percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty and external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of congenital pulmonic stenosis in four dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 28:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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LeBlanc NL, Smith CC, Sisson DD, Scollan KF. Evaluation of the NuCLEUS-X™ balloon valvuloplasty catheter for severe pulmonic stenosis in dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2020; 28:11-22. [PMID: 32163862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Balloon instability is commonly encountered during balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) and may result in an unsuccessful procedure. The NuCLEUS-X™ catheter is a recently developed BPV catheter with a unique barbell shape and an ordered pattern of inflation that stabilizes the balloon to span the valve annulus before expansion of the balloon center. ANIMALS Ten client-owned dogs with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis (PS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective observational study. The BPV procedure was performed by standard technique with use of NuCLEUS-X™ catheters targeting a balloon-to-annulus ratio between 1.2 and 1.5. Balloon stability, safety, and procedural success were assessed. Procedural success was defined as either a reduction in the Doppler transpulmonic PG by at least 50% of the pre-procedural PG or <80 mmHg one month post procedure. RESULTS Balloon stability centered at the pulmonic valve on the first inflation was achieved in 10/10 cases. The mean PG before BPV was 141 mmHg ±41 mmHg, and the PG after BPV at one month was 83 mmHg ±41 mmHg. Procedural success was achieved in 56% of patients. All dogs survived the BPV, and no major procedural complications were encountered using the NuCLEUS-X™ catheter. CONCLUSIONS The use of the NuCLEUS-X™ catheter is feasible for BPV in dogs with severe PS. The unique balloon shape provided catheter stability on the first inflation in all dogs, which may be beneficial when stabilization of a conventional BPV catheter cannot be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L LeBlanc
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences. 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
| | - C C Smith
- Access Specialty Animal Hospitals, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - D D Sisson
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences. 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - K F Scollan
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences. 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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Markovic LE, Scansen BA. A pilot study evaluating cutting and high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty for dysplastic pulmonary valve stenosis in 7 dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 25:61-73. [PMID: 31675525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This case series describes early experience and technical aspects of cutting balloon dilation followed by high-pressure balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in dogs with dysplastic pulmonary valve stenosis. ANIMALS Seven client-owned dogs were enrolled in this study. METHODS Dogs were prospectively enrolled based on echocardiographic diagnosis of severe pulmonary valve dysplasia, defined as marked valve thickening with variable degrees of annular hypoplasia or subvalvar fibrous obstruction and a peak echocardiography-derived transpulmonary pressure gradient higher than 100 mmHg. Preinterventional and postinterventional hemodynamic data and transthoracic pressure gradients were obtained for all dogs. Recheck echocardiography varied in timing by client convenience, with maximum follow-up 35 months after intervention. RESULTS No intraprocedural or periprocedural mortality was observed. The only major complication was partial avulsion of a cutting blade related to exceeding recommended burst pressure of the device, which was not associated with obvious clinical consequence. Invasive hemodynamic measurements demonstrated an average reduction of 46% in peak systolic right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery pressure gradient (range, 31-77%). The echocardiographic results 24 h after procedure demonstrated an average reduction in pressure gradient of 43% (range, 20-66%), with late follow-up demonstrating an average reduction of 35% (range, 10-57%) compared with preprocedural echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS This procedure is a feasible therapeutic transcatheter intervention for dogs with dysplastic pulmonary valves and appears safe in this small cohort. The ideal selection criteria and rate of restenosis for this procedure is under investigation, and long-term follow-up and a large, randomized, controlled study are necessary to demonstrate efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Markovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1678, USA
| | - B A Scansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1678, USA.
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Belanger C, Gunther-Harrington CT, Nishimura S, Oldach MS, Fousse SL, Visser LC, Stern JA. High-pressure balloon valvuloplasty for severe pulmonary valve stenosis: a prospective observational pilot study in 25 dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bristow P, Sargent J, Luis Fuentes V, Brockman D. Surgical treatment of pulmonic stenosis in dogs under cardiopulmonary bypass: outcome in nine dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:38-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bristow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - J. Sargent
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - V. Luis Fuentes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - D. Brockman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
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Zoller G, Guzman DSM, Summa N, Keller KA, Silverman SJ, Stern JA. Infundibular Pulmonic Stenosis in a Moluccan Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis). J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:53-61. [DOI: 10.1647/2015-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Scansen BA, Kent AM, Cheatham SL, Cheatham JD. Stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract in 2 dogs for palliation of dysplastic pulmonary valve stenosis and right-to-left intracardiac shunting defects. J Vet Cardiol 2014; 16:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Locatelli C, Spalla I, Domenech O, Sala E, Brambilla PG, Bussadori C. Pulmonic stenosis in dogs: survival and risk factors in a retrospective cohort of patients. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:445-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Salute Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - I. Spalla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Salute Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - O. Domenech
- Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso; Via Donatello 26 20131 Milano Italy
| | - E. Sala
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Busto Arsizio; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - P. G. Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Salute Pubblica; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - C. Bussadori
- Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso; Via Donatello 26 20131 Milano Italy
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Case example: Pulmonic stenosis in a Miniature Schnauzer. IN PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.f6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dennis S. Evidence for increased probability of cardiac death in dogs with pulmonic stenosis questionable. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:304-6; author reply 306-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Francis AJ, Johnson MJS, Culshaw GC, Corcoran BM, Martin MWS, French AT. Outcome in 55 dogs with pulmonic stenosis that did not undergo balloon valvuloplasty or surgery. J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52:282-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Locatelli C, Domenech O, Silva J, Oliveira P, Sala E, Brambilla PG, Bussadori C. Independent predictors of immediate and long-term results after pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty in dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2011; 13:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Successful Treatment of a Congenital Pulmonic Valvular Stenosis in a Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) by Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty. J Zoo Wildl Med 2010; 41:735-8. [DOI: 10.1638/2010-0073.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sun F, Usón J, Crisóstomo V, Maynar M. Interventional cardiovascular techniques in small animal practicediagnostic angiography and balloon valvuloplasty. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227:394-401. [PMID: 16121605 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Endoluminal Therapy and Diagnosis Department, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
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Johnson MS, Martin M, Edwards D, French A, Henley W. Pulmonic Stenosis in Dogs: Balloon Dilation Improves Clinical Outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
The records of 43 dogs presenting with severe pulmonic stenosis in which balloon valvuloplasty was attempted were reviewed. Thirty-four dogs (79 per cent) were symptomatic at initial presentation. All patients were selected for balloon valvuloplasty on the basis of a Doppler-derived trans-stenotic pressure gradient of over 80 mmHg and concurrent evidence of mild to severe right ventricular hypertrophy. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty; the procedure was not performed in three dogs because of an aberrant coronary artery in two cases and because catheterisation of the pulmonary artery was not possible in the third. Overall, 37 out of the 40 dogs (93 per cent) were successfully ballooned, resulting in a mean reduction in the pressure gradient of 46 per cent, with a mean pressure gradient of 124 mmHg on presentation and 67 mmHg six months after the procedure. Three dogs died during balloon valvuloplasty (all of which had a concurrent defect) and three dogs showed a poor clinical response to the procedure. Thus balloon valvuloplasty was successful and resulted in a sustained clinical improvement in 80 per cent of previously symptomatic cases. This study was undertaken to document the results of balloon valvuloplasty in a larger population of dogs than has previously been published.
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