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Vettorato E, Mylniczenko ND, Portela DA. Use of an esophageal Doppler monitor to guide goal-directed cardiovascular optimization in two anesthetized Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:192-194. [PMID: 38296767 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Vettorato
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Natalie D Mylniczenko
- Disney's Animals, Science and Environment, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA
| | - Diego A Portela
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Chiavaccini L, Solari FP, Ham KM, Regier PJ, Vettorato E, Portela DA. Retroperitoneal hematoma after dorsal quadratus lumborum block in two dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:112-114. [PMID: 38042673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Chiavaccini
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Francesca P Solari
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen M Ham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Penny J Regier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Diego A Portela
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Vettorato E, Koehler P, Portela DA. Greater ischiatic notch plane block combined with a femoral lateral pre-iliac block in a goat undergoing pelvic limb amputation. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:534-536. [PMID: 37833185 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Vettorato
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Perry Koehler
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Diego A Portela
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Vettorato E, Schmidt KJ, Horgan MD, Chiavaccini L, Portela DA. Quadratus lumborum block as part of multimodal analgesia in a rabbit undergoing liver lobectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:530-532. [PMID: 37777467 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Vettorato
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Keaton Jenner Schmidt
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Molly Drake Horgan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ludovica Chiavaccini
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Diego A Portela
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Martín Bellido V, Bravo VR, Vettorato E. Evaluation of extradural pressure waveforms during extradural sacrococcygeal needle and catheter placement in a dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:302-304. [PMID: 36870940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enzo Vettorato
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA
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Martín Bellido V, Martínez i Ferré B, McDonald H, Vettorato E. Effect of intravenous fentanyl on cough reflex and quality of endotracheal intubation in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:230-237. [PMID: 37076353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of intravenous (IV) fentanyl on cough reflex and quality of endotracheal intubation (ETI) in cats. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, negative controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 30 client-owned cats undergoing general anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. METHODS Cats were sedated with dexmedetomidine (2 μg kg-1 IV), and 5 minutes later either fentanyl (3 μg kg-1, group F) or saline (group C) was administered IV. After alfaxalone (1.5 mg kg-1 IV) administration and 2% lidocaine application to the larynx, ETI was attempted. If unsuccessful, alfaxalone (1 mg kg-1 IV) was administered and ETI re-attempted. This process was repeated until successful ETI. Sedation scores, total number of ETI attempts, cough reflex, laryngeal response and quality of ETI were scored. Postinduction apnoea was recorded. Heart rate (HR) was continuously recorded and oscillometric arterial blood pressure (ABP) was measured every minute. Changes (Δ) in HR and ABP between pre-intubation and intubation were calculated. Groups were compared using univariate analysis. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. RESULTS The median and 95% confidence interval of alfaxalone dose was 1.5 (1.5-1.5) and 2.5 (1.5-2.5) mg kg-1 in groups F and C, respectively (p = 0.001). The cough reflex was 2.10 (1.10-4.41) times more likely to occur in group C. The overall quality of ETI was superior in group F (p = 0.001), with lower laryngeal response to ETI (p < 0.0001) and ETI attempts (p = 0.045). No differences in HR, ABP and postinduction apnoea were found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In cats sedated with dexmedetomidine, fentanyl could be considered to reduce the alfaxalone induction dose, cough reflex and laryngeal response to ETI and to improve the overall quality of ETI.
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Viilmann I, Drozdzynska M, Vettorato E. Analgesic efficacy of a bilateral erector spinae plane block versus a fentanyl constant rate infusion in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:423. [PMID: 36471374 PMCID: PMC9721043 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane block used to provide analgesia in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. The aim of this study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of a bilateral ESPB with a fentanyl constant rate infusion (CRI) in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. Anaesthetic records of client-owned dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy (June 2019-August 2020), and in which a bilateral ESPB was performed (group ESPB), were retrieved and compared to a cohort of 39 dogs that underwent hemilaminectomy (September 2014 - June 2017) and in which a fentanyl CRI (2 μg/kg bolus followed by 5 μg/kg/hour) was used as a primary intraoperative analgesia (group CRI). The prevalence of dogs in which intraoperative rescue fentanyl boluses were administered, the total dose of rescue fentanyl boluses administered, the postoperative methadone requirement and anaesthetic complications during the first 24 postoperative hours were evaluated. Univariate statistical analysis was used. RESULTS Group ESPB comprised of 93 dogs. The bilateral ESPB was performed using a median (range) levobupivacaine volume of 1 (0.5-1.7) mL/kg per side, at a concentration of 0.125% (0.12-0.25). At least one rescue fentanyl bolus was administered in 54.8% and in 56.4% of dogs in group ESPB and CRI, respectively (p > 0.99). The number of rescue fentanyl boluses was higher in group CRI (p = 0.006), especially during lumbar hemilaminectomy. Rescue fentanyl boluses were more frequently administered from skin incision to end of vertebral lamina drilling in group CRI (p = 0.001), and from end of vertebral lamina drilling to end of surgery in group ESPB (p = 0.0002). During the first 6 (p = 0.0035) and 6-12 (p = 0.0005) postoperative hours, the number of dogs that required at least one dose of methadone was higher in group CRI. In group ESPB, dogs were more likely to become hypothermic (p = 0.04). One dog, not included in the study, developed sinus arrest after performing a caudal thoracic ESPB. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this study, a bilateral ESPB was associated with a lower number of rescue fentanyl boluses administered in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy, especially between skin incision to end of vertebral lamina drilling. Despite ESPB being associated with a reduced opioid consumption during the first 12 hours postoperatively, differences in the postoperative management precluded any firm conclusion regarding its postoperative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Viilmann
- Dick White Referrals, part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH UK
| | - Maja Drozdzynska
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Level 1, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, NSW 2113 Australia
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL Gainesville, USA
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Sambugaro B, De Gennaro C, Hattersley RD, Vettorato E. Extradural anaesthesia-analgesia in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy: A single centre retrospective study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:966183. [PMID: 36157172 PMCID: PMC9500543 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.966183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the effects of extradural anaesthesia-analgesia (EAA) in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy. Materials and methods Medical records of dogs undergoing cholecystectomy between 2011 and 2019 were retrieved and allocated to two groups depending if analgesia was provided systemically (group SA) or extradurally (EAA). Preoperative data, intraoperative antinociceptive medications, postoperative analgesia, perioperative complications, and food intake were compared. Results Overall 41 medical records were included in the study: 19 and 22 dogs were allocated to groups SA and EAA, respectively. In group EAA, an extradural catheter was placed preoperatively in 8 dogs; in the remaining, it was placed postoperatively but an extradural injection was performed preoperatively. The extradural catheter tip was between the 4th lumbar and the 10th thoracic vertebrae. Intraoperatively, nociception was more likely to occur in group SA [OR 55.42 (2.97–1,035.06)]. During the first 24 and 48 h postoperatively, more dogs in group SA required methadone [OR 24 (2.81–268.4) and OR 11.56 (2.37–45.06), respectively] and additional analgesic drugs [OR 25 (3.47–281.9) and OR 35.29 (1.86–668.2), respectively] compared to group EAA. Voluntary postoperative food intake was also significantly higher in group EAA. Clinical significance Compared to systemic analgesia, the use of extradural anaesthesia-analgesia reduced perioperative analgesic requirement and promoted postoperative food intake in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy.
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Viilmann I, Smith MRW, Vettorato E. Post‐anaesthetic spinal cord myelomalacia in horses: A review and a presumptive clinical case presentation. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enzo Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals Cambridgeshire UK
- Newmarket Equine Hospital Newmarket UK
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de Freitas MI, Vettorato E, Scarpante E, Cherubini GB, Caine A. Retrospective Preliminary Assessment of Routine Follow-Up Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs Presumptively Diagnosed With Discospondylitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:880038. [PMID: 35664850 PMCID: PMC9161771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.880038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The usefulness of routine follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI-2) in asymptomatic dogs treated for discospondylitis is unknown. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective study investigated the features of MRI-2 in a heterogeneous group of dogs treated for discospondylitis, and if these were associated with the presence or absence of clinical signs. After comparing initial MRI (MRI-1) and MRI-2, an observer, blinded to the dog's clinical signs, described the MRI-2 findings. The study population was then divided into symptomatic or asymptomatic at the time of MRI-2. Two separate observers subjectively classified the discospondylitis as active or inactive. Repeatability and interobserver agreement were evaluated. Results A total of 25 dogs were included. At the time of MRI-2 16 (64%) dogs were asymptomatic and 9 (36%) were symptomatic. Based on MRI-2, 20 (80%) and 18 (72%) out of 25 dogs were considered to have active discospondylitis by the first and second observers, respectively. Interobserver agreement was moderate. No MRI-2 features were associated with the clinical status. The subjective classification of inactive discospondylitis was significantly associated with asymptomatic clinical status, but the classification of active discospondylitis was evenly distributed between groups. Conclusion This study did not identify a meaningful association between the clinical status of dogs treated for presumptive discospondylitis and MRI-2 results. There were no specific MRI-2 features which were associated with the clinical status.
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Martín Bellido V, Monticelli P, Vettorato E. Anaesthetic management of a cat with diabetes mellitus undergoing glucagonoma excision. Vet Record Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Viilmann I, Vettorato E. Propofol‐dexmedetomidine continuous infusion in a dog with pulmonic stenosis undergoing balloon valvuloplasty. Vet Record Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Viilmann
- Dick White Referrals Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
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De Gennaro C, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Evaluation of bilateral maxillary nerve block in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Can Vet J 2022; 63:67-73. [PMID: 34975170 PMCID: PMC8682927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study assessed the effect of an intraoral bilateral maxillary nerve block in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Records of dogs that underwent BOAS surgery were retrieved. Cases were assigned to Group B or C if a preoperative bilateral maxillary nerve block was performed or not. Type and dose of local anesthetic, inhalant anesthetic minimum alveolar concentration multiples, intraoperative fentanyl and injectable anesthetic use, prevalence of intraoperative hypotension or bradycardia, and postoperative opioids administration, were compared between groups. Sixty-seven cases met the inclusion criteria: 33 were assigned to Group B and 34 to Group C. In Group C, 18 dogs required intraoperative fentanyl (P = 0.005), and 12 needed injectable anesthetic top-ups (P = 0.006). Hypotension, or bradycardia, were not different between groups. Bilateral maxillary nerve block reduces intraoperative fentanyl and injectable anesthetic requirement in dogs undergoing BOAS surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB80UH, UK
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Sambugaro B, De Gennaro C, Vettorato E. Anaesthetic management and complications during cutting balloon and high‐pressure balloon dilation in a dog with a double‐chambered right ventricle. Vet Record Case Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Martín Bellido V, Vettorato E. Clinical review of the pharmacological and anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:341-361. [PMID: 34893985 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This clinical review summarises the pharmacological and anaesthetic properties of alfaxalone in the dog. Available pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data and factors affecting the induction dose have been reported. Furthermore, quality of induction and recovery after alfaxalone administration, the use of alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia, and its effects on the cardio-respiratory system, on laryngeal motion, on intraocular pressure and tear production have been evaluated. Finally, the use of alfaxalone in dogs undergoing caesarean section and the effect of intramuscular alfaxalone administration have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martín Bellido
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - E Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
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Viilmann I, Klöppel H, Wringe E, Vettorato E. Success Rate and Perioperative Complications of Lumbosacral Extradural Anaesthesia in Dogs Undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Double-Centre Retrospective Study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021; 35:81-89. [PMID: 34560807 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the success rate and perioperative complications of lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing total hip replacement. STUDY DESIGN Records of dogs undergoing total hip replacement in which lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia with 0.5% levo- or bupivacaine combined with either morphine or buprenorphine were retrieved. Success rate was defined as intraoperative fentanyl consumption <1 μg/kg/h with no intravenous infusion of other analgesic drugs and no additional morphine/methadone within the first 3 hours from premedication. Prevalence of intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative surgical complications was calculated. RESULTS Overall, 206 dogs were included in the study. Success rate was 88.7%. Hypercapnia (75.2%), hypotension (46.1%), hypothermia (27.7%) and regurgitation (6.3%) were recorded during anaesthesia. Within 24 hours post-surgery, urinary retention (17.8%), vomiting/regurgitation/diarrhea (8.2%) and sciatic neurapraxia of the operated limb (5.8%) were recorded. Luxation of the operated hip occurred at 48 and 72 hours after surgery in two dogs and one dog respectively. One dog had cardiopulmonary arrest at 52 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION While hypercapnia, hypotension and hypothermia might develop intraoperatively, the high success rate and the relatively low prevalence of postoperative surgical complications directly associated with lumbosacral extradural anaesthesia justify its use in dogs undergoing total hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Viilmann
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Heide Klöppel
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elliot Wringe
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Viilmann I, Vettorato E. Perioperative use of thoracic epidural anaesthesia, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate infusion in a dog undergoing neuroendocrine tumour resection. Vet Record Case Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ballan M, Vettorato E, Morselli L, Tosato M, Nardella S, Borgna F, Corradetti S, Monetti A, Lunardon M, Zenoni A, Di Marco V, Realdon N, Andrighetto A. Development of implantation substrates for the collection of radionuclides of medical interest produced via ISOL technique at INFN-LNL. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 175:109795. [PMID: 34087532 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accelerator-based techniques with electromagnetic mass separation are considered among the most innovative and promising strategies to produce non-conventional radionuclides for nuclear medicine. Such approach was successfully used at CERN, where the dedicated MEDICIS facility was built, and at TRIUMF, where the ISAC radioactive beam facility was used to produce unconventional α-emitters. In such framework, the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL) proposed the ISOLPHARM project (ISOL technique for radioPHARMaceuticals), which will exploit radionuclides producible with the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) facility to develop novel radiopharmaceuticals. The ISOL technique utilizes the irradiation with a primary beam of particles/nuclei of a production target where radionuclides are produced. A radioactive ion beam is subsequently extracted from the production target unit, and transported up to an analyzing magnet, where non-isobaric contaminants are filtered out. The so-obtained purified radioactive beam is dumped onto an implantation substrate, referred as collection target. Then, the desired nuclides can be chemically harvested from the collected isobars, and the isotopically pure atom collection can be employed to radiolabel high specific activity radiopharmaceuticals. Metallic deposition targets in the form of coated metal foils were mostly used at TRIUMF and CERN. At ISOLPHARM, a different approach is under investigation which foresees the use of soluble cold-pressed collection targets, possibly facilitating the chemical purification process of the collected radionuclides. In this study, the production and characterization of some of the ISOLPHARM collection targets is presented, in particular, soluble salts (NaCl and NaNO3) and organic materials widely used for pharmaceutical tablets production are considered. All such materials proved to be potentially suitable as collection targets, since solid samples were easily produced and resulted compatible with the vacuum conditions required for the ion implantation process. Furthermore, some of the selected substrates were used for proof-of-concept deposition tests with stable silver, to prove their suitability as ISOLPHARM deposition substrates for silver-111, a promising candidate for radiotherapy. Such tests highlighted possible scenarios useful for the development of new alternative materials, as the use of insoluble organic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballan
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - E Vettorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - L Morselli
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy; Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - S Nardella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - F Borgna
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - S Corradetti
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Monetti
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Lunardon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy; Padova Division, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - A Zenoni
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - N Realdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - A Andrighetto
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Foreman M, Vettorato E, Caine A, Monti P, Cherubini GB, Eminaga S. Serum C-reactive protein in dogs with paraplegia secondary to acute intervertebral disc extrusion. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1857-1864. [PMID: 34085305 PMCID: PMC8295702 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from the absence of nociception, there is no readily available prognostic test for dogs presenting with paraplegia secondary to acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). OBJECTIVE To assess if serum C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict the postoperative outcome in paraplegic dogs undergoing surgery for IVDE and to assess the association between serum CRP and presence/absence of nociception on admission, and serum CRP and presence/absence of intramedullary changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ANIMALS One hundred dogs that underwent surgery at our hospital between 2018 and 2020 because of acute paraplegia secondary to IVDE and in which serum CRP was measured. METHODS Retrospective observational cohort study. Dogs were classified as 4 or 5 according to the modified Frankel score (MFS) depending on presence/absence of nociception, respectively. MRI images were reviewed and the T2-weighted hyperintensity: L2 vertebral body length was measured. Postoperative outcome was defined as positive if nociception, ambulation or both returned after decompressive surgery. RESULTS The median (95% CI) serum CRP was 4 (4-5) and 6 (4-7) mg/L in MSF4 and MSF5, respectively (P = .03). A weak linear relationship (R2 = 0.049, P = .03) was found between CRP and the T2-weighted hyperintensity: L2 vertebral length. Outcome data was available for 85 dogs: CRP was 4 (4-5) and 5 (4-10) mg/L in positive and negative outcome dogs, respectively (P = .32). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum CRP did not predict outcome after surgery in dogs with paraplegia secondary to IVDE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abby Caine
- Dick White Referrals, Cambs, United Kingdom
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Vettorato E. Persistent hypotension resolved by neostigmine administration in a dog in which atracurium was used. Vet Record Case Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Marquez-Grados F, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Sevoflurane with opioid or dexmedetomidine infusions in dogs undergoing intracranial surgery: a retrospective observational study. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e8. [PMID: 31940687 PMCID: PMC7000903 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the clinical use of two sevoflurane-based anesthetic techniques in dogs undergoing craniectomy. Twenty-one animals undergoing elective rostrotentorial or transfrontal craniectomy for brain tumor excision, anesthetized with sevoflurane, were enrolled in this retrospective, observational study. Anesthetic records were allocated to two groups: Sevo-Op (sevoflurane and short acting opioid infusion): 8 dogs and Sevo-Dex (sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine infusion): 13 dogs. Average mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal sevoflurane and intraoperative infusion rates during surgery were calculated. Presence of intra-operative and post-operative bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, hypothermia, hyperthermia was recorded. Time to endotracheal extubation, intraoperative occurrence of atrioventricular block, postoperative presence of agitation, seizures, use of labetalol and dexmedetomidine infusion were also recorded. Data from the two groups were compared with Fisher's exact test and unpaired t tests with Welch's correction. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for categorical variables. Intra-operatively, MAP was lower in Sevo-Op [85 (± 6.54) vs. 97.69 (± 7.8) mmHg, p = 0.0009]. Time to extubation was longer in Sevo-Dex [37.69 (10–70) vs. 19.63 (10–25), p = 0.0033]. No differences were found for the other intra-operative and post-operative variables investigated. Post-operative hypertension and agitation were the most common complications (11 and 12 out of 21 animals, respectively). These results suggest that the infusion of dexmedetomidine provides similar intra-operative conditions and post-operative course to a short acting opioid infusion during sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs undergoing elective rostrotentorial or transfrontal intracranial surgery.
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Santoro F, Vettorato E, Grados FM, Corletto F. Nociception after extradural injection of sterile distilled water in anaesthetized dogs and cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:579-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bravo VR, Palomba N, Corletto F, Willis R, Vettorato E. Comparison between intravenous lidocaine and fentanyl on cough reflex and sympathetic response during endotracheal intubation in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:481-489. [PMID: 32439239 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of intravenous (IV) lidocaine and fentanyl on the cough reflex and autonomic response during endotracheal intubation in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, superiority clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 46 client-owned dogs undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS After intramuscular methadone (0.2 mg kg-1), dogs were randomized to be administered either IV lidocaine (2 mg kg-1; group L) or fentanyl (7 μg kg-1; group F). After 5 minutes, alfaxalone was administered until endotracheal intubation was possible (1 mg kg-1 IV over 40 seconds followed by 0.4 mg kg-1 increments to effect). Total dose of alfaxalone was recorded and cough reflex at endotracheal intubation was scored. Heart rate (HR) was continuously recorded, Doppler systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) was measured every 20 seconds. Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) and changes (Δ) in HR, SAP and VVTI between pre-intubation and intubation were calculated. Groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. RESULTS Group F included 22 dogs and group L 24 dogs. The mean (± standard deviation) alfaxalone dose was 1.1 (± 0.2) and 1.35 (± 0.3) mg kg-1 in groups F and L, respectively (p = 0.0008). At intubation, cough was more likely in group L (odds ratio = 11.3; 95% confidence intervals, 2.1 - 94.2; p = 0.01) and HR increased in 87.5% and 54.5% of groups L and F, respectively (p = 0.02). The median (range) ΔHR between pre-intubation and intubation was higher (13.1%; - 4.3 to + 55.1) in group L (p = 0.0021). Between groups, SAP and VVTI were similar. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE At the stated doses, whilst reducing the alfaxalone dose, fentanyl is superior to lidocaine in suppressing the cough reflex and blunting the increase in HR at endotracheal intubation in dogs premedicated with methadone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Palomba
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
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Palomba N, Vettorato E, De Gennaro C, Corletto F. Peripheral nerve block versus systemic analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: Analgesic efficacy and pharmacoeconomics comparison. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 47:119-128. [PMID: 31806432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the perioperative effects and pharmacoeconomics of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) versus fentanyl target-controlled infusion (fTCI) in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 39 dogs undergoing unilateral TPLO. METHODS After acepromazine and methadone, anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Dogs were allocated to group fTCI [target plasma concentration (TPC) 1 ng mL-1] or group PNB (nerve stimulator-guided femoral-sciatic block using 0.2 and 0.1 mL kg-1 of levobupivacaine 0.5%, respectively). If nociceptive response occurred, isoflurane was increased by 0.1%, and TPC was increased by 0.5 ng mL-1 in group fTCI; a fentanyl bolus (1 μg kg-1) was administered in group PNB. During the first 24 postoperative hours, methadone (0.2 mg kg-1) was administered intramuscularly according to the Short Form Glasgow Composite Pain Scale, or if pain was equal to 5/24 or 4/20 for two consecutive assessments, or if the dog was non-weight bearing. The area under the curve (AUC) of pain scores, cumulative postoperative methadone requirement, food intake and pharmacoeconomic implications were calculated. RESULTS Incidence of bradycardia (p = 0.025), nociceptive response to surgery (p = 0.041) and AUC of pain scores (p < 0.0001) were greater in group fTCI. Postoperatively, 16/19 (84.2%) and eight/20 (40%) dogs in groups fTCI and PNB, respectively, were given at least one dose of methadone (p = 0.0079). Food intake was greater in group PNB (p = 0.049). Although total cost was not different (p = 0.083), PNB was more cost-effective in dogs weighing >15 kg. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with group fTCI, incidence of bradycardia, nociceptive response to surgery, postoperative pain scores, cumulative methadone requirement were lower, and food intake was greater in group PNB, with an economic advantage in dogs weighing >15 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Palomba
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK.
| | - Chiara De Gennaro
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - Federico Corletto
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK
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Gardini A, Taeymans O, Cherubini GB, de Stefani A, Targett M, Vettorato E. Linear magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the hippocampal formation differ in young versus old dogs. Vet Rec 2019; 185:306. [PMID: 31308154 PMCID: PMC6817983 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hippocampal formation (HF) atrophy has been documented on MRI studies using volumetric analysis and visual rating scales. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare linear MRI measurements of the HF between young (1–3 years) and old (>10 years) non-brachycephalic dogs, with normal brain anatomy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Right and left hippocampal formation height (HFH), height of the brain (HB) and mean HFH/HB ratio were measured by two observers on a transverse T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence containing rostral colliculi and mesencephalic aqueduct.119 MRI studies were enrolled: 75 young and 44 old dogs. Left and right HFH were greater (p<0.0001) in young, while HB was greater in old dogs (p=0.024). Mean HFH/HB ratio was 15.66 per cent and 18.30 per cent in old and young dogs (p<0.0001). No differences were found comparing measurements between epileptic and non-epileptic dogs. Old dogs have a greater HB; this may represent the different study populations or a statistical phenomenon. Ageing affects HF linear measurements. A reduction of mean HFH/HB ratio between 18.30 per cent and 15.66 per cent should be considered a physiological age-related process of the canine lifespan. The use of mean HFH/HB ratio could be considered for quantifying brain atrophy in elderly dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gardini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
| | - Olivier Taeymans
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
| | | | - Alberta de Stefani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Mike Targett
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- Department of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
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De Strobel F, Paluš V, Vettorato E, Cherubini GB. Cervical hyperaesthesia in dogs: an epidemiological retrospective study of 185 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:404-410. [PMID: 30868604 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence, clinical findings and predictors of disease in dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of dogs referred for neurological investigation of cervical hyperaesthesia between 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were assigned to one of the following groups according to the final diagnosis: Non-Neurologic, Brain, Cervical Spine, Multifocal, and Chiari-like Malformation/Syringomyelia. Demographic data, clinical and neurological signs and laboratory findings were compared between groups using univariate analysis; predictors of disease location were assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Final diagnostic allocations of the 185 records included in the study were as follows: 2.7% Non-Neurologic, 2.2% Brain, 63.2% Cervical Spine, 22.2% Multifocal and 9.7% Chiari Malformation/Syringomyelia. Intervertebral disc extrusion and steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis were the most common diseases. Compared to Multifocal dogs, those allocated a Cervical Spine diagnosis were older, heavier, more frequently ataxic and lame on a thoracic limb; furthermore, they were less frequently depressed or hyperthermic at presentation. Leucocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis were more frequent in dogs allocated a Multifocal diagnosis. Dogs with cervical hyperaesthesia older than 36 months and non-hyperthermic at presentation were more likely to have a lesion of the cervical region rather than a multi-focal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although non-specific, these results may be useful to guide clinicians in management of dogs presenting with cervical hyperaesthesia. Animal age and body temperature may support the suspicion of either focal or multi-focal cervical spinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Strobel
- North Downs Specialist referrals, Bletchingley, Redhill RH1 4QP, UK
| | - V Paluš
- Veterinary clinic ELPA, Trencin, Slovakia 91195
| | - E Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
| | - G B Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
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Re Bravo V, Aprea F, Bhalla RJ, De Gennaro C, Cherubini GB, Corletto F, Vettorato E. Effect of 5% transdermal lidocaine patches on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 60:161-166. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Re Bravo
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH UK
| | - F. Aprea
- Service of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia; Carrer de Stradella 9, 07013 Palma Majorca Spain
| | - R. J. Bhalla
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH UK
| | - C. De Gennaro
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH UK
| | - G. B. Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH UK
| | - F. Corletto
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH UK
| | - E. Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH UK
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Andrighetto A, Borgna F, Ballan M, Corradetti S, Vettorato E, Monetti A, Rossignoli M, Manzolaro M, Scarpa D, Prete G, Realdon N. The ISOLPHARM project: A New ISOL production method of high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2010194518601035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ISOLPHARM project explores the feasibility of exploiting an innovative technology to produce extremely high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. This technique is expected to produce radiopharmaceuticals that are virtually mainly impossible to obtain in standard production facilities, at lower cost and with less environmental impact than traditional techniques. The groundbreaking ISOLPHARM method investigated in this project has been granted an international patent (INFN). As a component of the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN–LNL), a new facility will produce radioactive ion beams of neutron-rich nuclei with high purity and a mass range of 80–160 amu. The radioactive isotopes will result from nuclear reactions induced by accelerating 40 MeV protons in a cyclotron to collide on a target of UC[Formula: see text]. The uranium in the target material will be [Formula: see text]U, yielding radioactive isotopes that belong to elements with an atomic number between 28 and 57. Isotope separation on line (ISOL) is adopted in the ISOLPHARM project to obtain pure isobaric beams for radiopharmaceutical applications, with no isotopic contaminations in the beam or subsequent trapping substrate. Isobaric contaminations may potentially affect radiochemical and radionuclide purity, but proper methods to separate chemically different elements can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andrighetto
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F. Borgna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Ballan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - S. Corradetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - E. Vettorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Monetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M. Rossignoli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M. Manzolaro
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D. Scarpa
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G. Prete
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - N. Realdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 5, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Bini G, Vettorato E, De Gennaro C, Corletto F. A retrospective comparison of two analgesic strategies after uncomplicated tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2018; 45:557-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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De Gennaro C, Vettorato E, Corletto F. A case of postanaesthetic recurarization because of residual atracurium in the intravenous fluid line in a dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2018; 45:397-399. [PMID: 29428300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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De Gennaro C, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Severe upper airway obstruction following bilateral ventral bulla osteotomy in a cat. Can Vet J 2017; 58:1313-1316. [PMID: 29203943 PMCID: PMC5680743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A cat that underwent bilateral ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) for treatment of otitis media and otitis interna secondary to bilateral inflammatory polyps, developed upper airway obstruction (UAO) soon after tracheal extubation. The cat was re-intubated but the UAO did not resolve at the next extubation. Eventually, tracheostomy was performed. Upper airway obstruction is a potential postoperative complication of bilateral VBO in cats.
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Bhalla RJ, Trimble TA, Leece EA, Vettorato E. Comparison of intramuscular butorphanol and buprenorphine combined with dexmedetomidine for sedation in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 20:325-331. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17709612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the sedative effect of butorphanol–dexmedetomidine with buprenorphine–dexmedetomidine following intramuscular (IM) administration in cats. Methods Using a prospective, randomised, blinded design, 40 client-owned adult cats were assigned to receive IM dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg) combined with either butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) (‘BUT’ group) or buprenorphine (20 µg/kg) (‘BUP’ group). Sedation was scored using a previously published multidimensional composite scale before administration (T0) and 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins afterwards (T5, T10, T15 and T20, respectively). Alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered IM at T20 if the cat was not deemed adequately sedated to place an intravenous catheter. Adverse events were recorded. Friedman two-way ANOVA analysed sedation scores within groups. Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test compared sedation scores between groups; Fisher’s exact test analysed the frequency of alfaxalone administration and adverse events. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Sedation scores between groups were similar at baseline, but at T5, T10, T15 and T20 scores were higher in the BUT group ( P <0.01). Within both groups, sedation scores changed over time and the highest sedation scores were reached at T10. Requirement for additional sedation was similar between groups: two cats in the BUT group and five cats in the BUP group. One cat and 11 cats vomited ( P = 0.002) in the BUT and BUP groups, respectively. No other adverse events were recorded. Conclusions and relevance At these doses, IM buprenorphine–dexmedetomidine provides inferior sedation and a higher incidence of vomiting than butorphanol–dexmedetomidine in cats. Butorphanol–dexmedetomidine may be preferred for feline sedation, especially where vomiting is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby A Trimble
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Leece
- Anaesthesia Service, Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Sutton Weaver, UK
| | - Enzo Vettorato
- Anaesthesia Service, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, UK
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Vettorato E, Taeymans O. Ultrasound-guided placement of an epidural catheter for repeated brachial plexus drug administration in a dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:380-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vettorato E, Corletto F. Retrospective assessment of peripheral nerve block techniques used in cats undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 18:826-33. [PMID: 26239941 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15598185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the efficacy and complication rate of hindlimb peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) in cats. METHODS Clinical records of cats that received PNBs and underwent hindlimb orthopaedic surgery from February 2010 to October 2014 were examined. Type of PNB, type and dose of local anaesthetic used, end-expiratory fraction of isoflurane (FE'Iso) administered, additional intraoperative analgesia, incidence of hypotension, postoperative opioid requirement, postoperative contralateral limb paralysis and neurological complications at the 6 week re-examination were investigated. RESULTS Eighty-nine records were retrieved but only 69 were analysed. Four combinations of PNBs were used: 34 lateral preiliac (LPI) approach to lumbar plexus (LP) associated with lumbar paravertebral approach to sciatic nerve (SN); 20 LPI-LP associated with the lateral approach to SN; three LPI-LP associated with gluteal approach to SN; 12 dorsal-paravertebral (DPV) approach to LP associated with lateral SN. Levobupivacaine was used for the majority of PNBs. The mean intraoperative FE'Iso was 1.15%; hypotension was documented in 55.1% of anaesthetics, while 31.8% of cats received fentanyl and/or ketamine intraoperatively. Postoperatively, 72.7% of cats received at least one dose of opioid, while five cats required further postoperative analgesia (ketamine constant rate infusion and/or gabapentin). No cats showed contralateral limb paralysis and neurological complications at the 6 week re-examination. No differences were found when comparing the different PNBs used. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE PNBs contributed to perioperative anaesthesia/analgesia in cats undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery. However, the clinical relevance of intraoperative hypotension needs further investigation.
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Burke JG, Vettorato E, Schöffmann G, Clutton RE, Drew TS, Gibson JNA. Creation of an ovine model of progressive structural lordo-scoliosis using a unilateral laminar tether. Eur Spine J 2014; 24:1382-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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De Gennaro C, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Retrospective clinical evaluation of hypobaric spinal anaesthesia in dogs undergoing pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:497-503. [PMID: 25132164 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate intraoperative effects, complications, postoperative rescue analgesia requirement and presence of postoperative unilateral blockade after hypobaric spinal anaesthesia in dogs. METHODS Retrospective review of case records of dogs that underwent pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery and received hypobaric spinal anaesthesia. Cases that contained complete information on perioperative analgesia, end tidal anaesthetic agent, arterial blood pressure, postoperative urination, motor function and assessment at the sixth week re-examination were selected. RESULTS Twenty-four of forty-eight records were sufficiently complete to meet the selection criteria. Local anaesthetic dose and volume of the solution administered were 0 · 22 (±0 · 06) mg/kg and 0 · 16 (±0 · 05) mL/kg, respectively. Fentanyl was administered intraoperatively in seven dogs (29%); mean ± sd end-expired isoflurane was 1 · 09 ± 0 · 17%; hypotension was observed in nine dogs (37 · 5%). Unilateral blockade was documented in 18 dogs (75%); 6 dogs (25%) required methadone postoperatively; urinary retention was not observed. One dog developed steroid responsive meningitis arteritis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Hypobaric spinal anaesthesia achieved unilateral postoperative pelvic limb motor blockade in dogs, although bilateral block occurred in a proportion of animals; intraoperative hypotension was not infrequent. Fentanyl and postoperative methadone might be required to control nociception and pain, despite technical success in performing spinal anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Gennaro
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire
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Okushima S, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Chronotropic effect of propofol or alfaxalone following fentanyl administration in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 42:88-92. [PMID: 24735086 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of alfaxalone and propofol on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) after fentanyl administration in healthy dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomised clinical study. ANIMALS Fifty healthy client owned dogs (ASA I/II) requiring general anaesthesia for elective magnetic resonance imaging for neurological conditions. METHODS All dogs received fentanyl 7 μg kg(-1) IV and were allocated randomly to receive either alfaxalone (n = 25) or propofol (n = 25) to effect until endotracheal (ET) intubation was possible. Heart rate and oscillometric BP were measured before fentanyl (baseline), after fentanyl (Time F) and after ET intubation (Time GA). Post-induction apnoea were recorded. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney U test and one-way anova for repeated measures as appropriate; p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Dogs receiving propofol showed a greater decrease in HR (-14 beat minute(-1) , range -47 to 10) compared to alfaxalone (1 beat minute(-1) , range -33 to 26) (p = 0.0116). Blood pressure decreased over the three time periods with no difference between groups. Incidence of post-induction apnoea was not different between groups. CONCLUSION Following fentanyl administration, anaesthetic induction with propofol resulted in a greater negative chronotropic effect while alfaxalone preserved or increased HR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Following fentanyl administration, HR decreases more frequently when propofol rather than alfaxalone is used as induction agent. However, given the high individual variability and the small change in predicted HR (-7.7 beats per minute after propofol), the clinical impact arising from choosing propofol or alfaxalone is likely to be small in healthy animals. Further studies in dogs with myocardial disease and altered haemodynamics are warranted.
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Vettorato E, De Gennaro C, Okushima S, Corletto F. Retrospective comparison of two peripheral lumbosacral plexus blocks in dogs undergoing pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:630-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Vettorato
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB80UH
| | - C. De Gennaro
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB80UH
| | - S. Okushima
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB80UH
| | - F. Corletto
- Dick White Referrals; Station Farm - London Road Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire CB80UH
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Aprea F, Cherubini GB, Palus V, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Effect of extradurally administered morphine on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:754-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.6.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare isoflurane and sevoflurane in lambs undergoing prolonged anaesthesia for spinal surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomised clinical study. ANIMALS Eighteen Scottish blackface lambs 3-6 weeks of age and weighing 10-17 kg. METHODS After intramuscular medetomidine, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with either isoflurane (group I) or sevoflurane (group S) delivered in oxygen. Meloxicam, morphine, a constant rate infusion of ketamine and atracurium were given intravenously (IV) during surgery. Lungs were ventilated to maintain normocapnia. with peak inspiratory pressures of 20-25 cmH(2) O. Ephedrine or dextran 40% was administered when mean arterial pressure (MAP) was <55 mmHg. Intrathecal morphine, and IV meloxicam and edrophonium were injected before recovery. Time to loss of palpebral reflex (TLPR) upon induction, cardiorespiratory variables, time at first swallowing and other movement, tracheal extubation, vocalisation, spontaneous head lifting (>1 minute), reunion with the ewe, and the number of MAP treatments were recorded. Statistical analysis utilised anova, Mann-Whitney, t-test or Pearson's correlation test as relevant. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS End-tidal carbon dioxide (mean ± SD) was significantly lower in group S (5.5 ± 0.6 kPa) than in group I (5.8 ± 0.5 kPa) while MAP (70 ± 11 mmHg) and diastolic arterial blood pressure (60 ± 11 mmHg) were higher in group S than in group I (65 ± 12 and 54 ± 11 mmHg, respectively). No differences were found with TLPR and MAP treatments. Time (median, range) from end of anaesthesia to ewe-lamb reunion was briefer (p = 0.018) in group S (48, 20-63 minutes). CONCLUSION Isoflurane and sevoflurane are both suitable for maintaining general anaesthesia in lambs although sevoflurane, as used in this study, allows a more rapid reunion with the ewe. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The principal advantage of sevoflurane over isoflurane during prolonged anaesthesia in lambs is a more rapid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Vettorato
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of age, sevoflurane and isoflurane on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in 3-16 week-old lambs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS Twenty-six Scottish blackface ewe-lambs were anaesthetized for spinal surgery when either 3-6 (mean age 4.6 weeks; n = 18) or 12-16 weeks (mean age 13.7 weeks; n = 15) of age; seven animals were anaesthetized at both ages. METHODS After intramuscular injection of medetomidine (10 μg kg(-1)) anaesthesia was induced in the younger lambs either with isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen delivered by mask, and in the older lambs with ketamine (4 mg kg(-1)), and midazolam (0.2 mg kg(-1) ) administered intravenously (IV). In both groups anaesthesia was maintained with fixed end-tidal concentrations of either sevoflurane (2.8%) or isoflurane (1.8%) delivered in oxygen. Before surgery meloxicam (0.6 mg kg(-1)), morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (1 mg kg(-1) followed by 10 μg kg(-1) minute(-1) ) were administered IV. The lungs were ventilated mechanically to maintain normocapnia. Neuromuscular block was achieved with a loading dose (LD) of atracurium (0.5 mg kg(-1) IV). The peroneal nerve was stimulated (train-of-four every 12 seconds). Evoked responses in the digital extensor muscles were evaluated by palpation and observation. Maintenance doses (MD) of atracurium (0.17 mg kg(-1) IV) were administered when the first twitch (T1) returned. The onset and duration of LD action (T1 absent) and the duration of MD were recorded. Data were analysed using Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated-measures anova, Wilcoxon's matched pairs test or Pearson correlation coefficient as relevant (p < 0.05). RESULTS Onset of LD action developed significantly (p < 0.05) more rapidly in isoflurane compared with sevoflurane-anaesthetized lambs (55 ± 18 cf. 80 ± 37 seconds). Duration of action of LDs and MDs was longer (p < 0.05) in lambs aged 12-16 than 3-6 weeks (33 ± 5.4 cf. 25 ± 6.4 and 26 ± 4.2 cf. 18 ± 5.5 minutes) but were independent of the anaesthetic used. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The effect of atracurium is age-dependent in lambs being prolonged in older animals. The onset of neuromuscular blockade is more rapid in isoflurane compared with sevoflurane-anaesthetized lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Schöffmann
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.
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Aprea F, Vettorato E, Corletto F. Severe cardiovascular depression in a cat following a mandibular nerve block with bupivacaine. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:614-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vettorato E, Bacco S. A comparison of the sedative and analgesic properties of pethidine (meperidine) and butorphanol in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52:426-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaesthesia in lambs undergoing experimental surgery may develop problems associated with age-related immune incompetency: a postoperative complication in a 3 week old Scottish blackface lamb after spinal surgery is presented. CASE HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT: Both lamb and ewe were in good condition. The ewe was vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium tetani 5 weeks pre-partum. There were no apparent problems with the lamb's intake of colostrum. Pre-anaesthetic medication was intramuscular medetomidine (10 μg kg(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)), meloxicam (0.6 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (1 mg kg(-1) followed by 10 μg kg(-1) minute(-1)) were administered intravenously (IV) for perioperative analgesia. Atracurium (0.5 mg kg(-1) IV, followed by 0.17 mg kg(-1) injected when the first twitch of the four, train-of four count was palpated) was used to improve muscle relaxation. The lamb's trachea was intubated and the lungs mechanically ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Intrathecal morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)), IV meloxicam (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and edrophonium (0.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered before recovery. Operative and initial recovery periods were unremarkable. Three hours after surgery the lamb became depressed. Tachycardia (180-250 beats minute(-1)), tachypnoea (30 breaths minute(-1)), poor peripheral perfusion and cold pelvic limb extremities were present mimicking severe pain, and/or hypovolaemic shock. Analgesics - morphine (total dose 1.3 mg kg(-1)) - and IV fluid therapy boluses - crystalloids (300 mL), colloids (120 mL) and fresh whole blood (60 mL) - failed to ameliorate clinical signs and so the lamb was euthanized 10 hours after surgery. Post-mortem findings supported a possible diagnosis of peracute Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia. CONCLUSION Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia should be considered when clinical signs of severe pain and/or hypovolaemic shock fail to respond to analgesics and fluid resuscitation in lambs after major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Vettorato
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Abstract
REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY The recovery quality scoring systems (RQSSs) in current use have not been critically reviewed for reliability. OBJECTIVE To examine reliability (reproducibility) of 4 RQSSs when applied to a ranked series. METHODS A DVD incorporating the recordings of 9 horses recovering from general anaesthesia was evaluated by final year students over 5 days. On Day 1, each evaluator ranked recoveries from 1-9 (1 = best). Over the following 4 days, each evaluator scored the same recoveries using 4 different RQSSs (3 of them in common usage and previously published) applied in random order. The scores from each RQSS were ranked and plotted against the Day 1 ranking of each evaluator to establish the extent of agreement using generalisability theory. The same 9 recoveries were also ranked by 12 experienced equine anaesthetists and the Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient calculated to determine the agreement between experienced and inexperienced evaluators. RESULTS The recoveries were evaluated by 117 students. All 4 RQSSs were equally reliable with low (<4%) interobserver variability. The main (80%) source of total variation arose from differences between horses. The overall ranking within each RQSS was strongly correlated with Day 1 ranking. There was strong correlation (r = 0.983) between the students' ranking and that established by experienced anaesthetists. Interobserver reliability was similar with all 4 RQSSs. CONCLUSION All 4 RQSSs studied were similarly reliable. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The selection of a universally acceptable RQSS from amongst the 4 examined can be based on criteria other than reliability, e.g. ease of use. This will facilitate wider scale multi-centre studies in recovery quality after anaesthesia in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vettorato
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian.
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Vettorato E, Zonca A, Isola M, Villa R, Gallo M, Ravasio G, Beccaglia M, Montesissa C, Cagnardi P. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous and extradural tramadol in dogs. Vet J 2010; 183:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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