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Mahmood AH, Al-Awadi SJ, Hadi NA, Al-Attar MM. The study of single nucleotide polymorphism in a promoter region of ACE-2 receptor gene in the samples of Iraqi population with COVID-19. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:839. [PMID: 39042234 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an essential receptor on the host cell's cell membrane. It's interesting to note that the entry point receptor ACE2 protein and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus are correlated. This study aimed to determine the influence of the ACE gene genotype and explore the effects of genetic variation in the promotor region of the ACE-2 gene receptor in SARS COV-2 patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The 225 participants were categorized into two groups (75 infected and 150 control) according to the results of Real Time -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), IgM, and IgG, also included two types of samples were collected for diagnosis hematological and molecular study. The hematological and biochemical parameters showed significant differences between the two studied groups according to D. dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte, packed cell volume (PCV) (P˂0.0001), also red blood cell (RBC) (P = 0.0034). While the results of hemoglobin (HB) and platelet displayed non-significant differences between the two groups (p value 0.6811 and 0.9201 respectively). In addition, the sequencing result in the promotor of the ACE-2 gene detected novel eight polymorphisms and recorded them in NCBI under no. (ON959139). CONCLUSIONS The ACE D/D polymorphism associated with increased levels of ACE could represent a genetic risk factor in addition the discovery stems from the prospect that genetic differences could lead to differing responses to COVID-19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Mahmood
- College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salwa J Al-Awadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics Technologies, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noora A Hadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics Technologies, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa M Al-Attar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Zhong J, Yuan H, Yang J, Du Y, Li Z, Liu X, Yang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, Jiang L, Ren Z, Li H, Li Z, Liu Y. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify potential common pathogenesis for COVID-19 infection and sarcopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1378846. [PMID: 38978778 PMCID: PMC11228343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1378846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Increasing evidence suggests that patients with sarcopenia have higher rates of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection and poorer post-infection outcomes. However, the exact mechanism and connections between the two is unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput data from the GEO database for sarcopenia (GSE111016) and COVID-19 (GSE171110) to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We conducted GO and KEGG pathway analyses, as well as PPI network analysis on these DEGs. Using seven algorithms from the Cytoscape plug-in cytoHubba, we identified 15 common hub genes. Further analyses included enrichment, PPI interaction, TF-gene and miRNA-gene regulatory networks, gene-disease associations, and drug prediction. Additionally, we evaluated immune cell infiltration with CIBERSORT and assessed the diagnostic accuracy of hub genes for sarcopenia and COVID-19 using ROC curves. In total, we identified 66 DEGs (34 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated) and 15 hub genes associated with sarcopenia and COVID-19. GO and KEGG analyses revealed functions and pathways between the two diseases. TF-genes and TF-miRNA regulatory network suggest that FOXOC1 and hsa-mir-155-5p may be identified as key regulators, while gene-disease analysis showed strong correlations with hub genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Immune infiltration showed a correlation between the degree of immune infiltration and the level of infiltration of different immune cell subpopulations of hub genes in different datasets. The ROC curves for ALDH1L2 and KLF5 genes demonstrated their potential as diagnostic markers for both sarcopenia and COVID-19. This study suggests that sarcopenia and COVID-19 may share pathogenic pathways, and these pathways and hub genes offer new targets and strategies for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and tailored therapies for sarcopenia patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yimin Du
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lujun Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanshi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Zhan Z, Mao H, Xue M, Han G, Zhou G, Zhang Y. Ratiometric fluorescence detection of the angiotensin-converting enzyme via single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:015004. [PMID: 37827162 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad02dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is important for preventing hypertension and the discovery of new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). In this work, a single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was prepared and applied for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ACE. Fresh banyan leaves were extracted with ethanol and acetone, and the extracted solution was used as the precursor to produce the carbon quantum dots (BL-CQDs) with single-excitation and double-emission properties. The synthesized BL-CQDs is about 1.7 nm, has a graphene-like structure, contains a variety of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface, and has good fluorescence properties. Its fluorescence intensity ratio (I677/I460) is linear with ACE activity in the range of 0.02-0.8 U l-1. The regression equation is△F=2.5371CACE-0.0311. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ACE activity in pig lung and human serum, and the inhibitory efficiency of the flavonoid extract and captopril tablets on ACE activity was also investigated, which can be applied to the screening of ACEI. The survival rate and fluorescence imaging of Bel-7404 cells under the condition of high concentration BL-CQDs showed BL-CQDs had low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. These results indicate that the BL-CQDs can be used as an excellent fluorescent probe, providing a new method for screening ACE activity and plant-derived ACEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Mao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guocheng Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, People's Republic of China
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Zheng W, Tian E, Liu Z, Zhou C, Yang P, Tian K, Liao W, Li J, Ren C. Small molecule angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968104. [PMID: 36386190 PMCID: PMC9664202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a zinc metalloprotein, is a central component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It degrades bradykinin and other vasoactive peptides. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors, ACEIs) decrease the formation of angiotensin II and increase the level of bradykinin, thus relaxing blood vessels as well as reducing blood volume, lowering blood pressure and reducing oxygen consumption by the heart, which can be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases and kidney diseases. Nevertheless, ACEIs are associated with a range of adverse effects such as renal insufficiency, which limits their use. In recent years, researchers have attempted to reduce the adverse effects of ACEIs by improving the selectivity of ACEIs for structural domains based on conformational relationships, and have developed a series of novel ACEIs. In this review, we have summarized the research advances of ACE inhibitors, focusing on the development sources, design strategies and analysis of structure-activity relationships and the biological activities of ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zheng
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Erkang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Health Management Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Tao S, Wang X, Yang X, Liu Y, Fu Z, Zhang L, Wang Z, Ni J, Shuai Z, Pan H. COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease crosstalk: From emerging association to clinical proposal. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5640-5652. [PMID: 35971954 PMCID: PMC9538900 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory inflammation that has emerged worldwide since December 2019, and it quickly became a global epidemic. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory diseases whose etiology has not been elucidated. The two have many overlapping symptoms in clinical presentation, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, pneumonia, etc. Imbalance of the autoimmune system in IBD patients and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs may increase the risk of infection; and systemic symptoms caused by COVID-19 may also induce or exacerbate intestinal inflammation. It has been found that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2, which is highly expressed in the lung and intestine, is an inflammatory protective factor, and is downregulated and upregulated in COVID-19 and IBD, respectively, suggesting that there may be a coregulatory pathway. In addition, the immune activation pattern of COVID-19 and the cytokine storm in the inflammatory response have similar roles in IBD, indicating that the two diseases may influence each other. Therefore, this review aimed to address the following research questions: whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the progression of IBD; whether IBD increases the risk of COVID-19 infection and poor prognosis; possible common mechanisms and genetic cross-linking between the two diseases; new treatment and care strategies for IBD patients, and the feasibility and risk of vaccination in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha‐Sha Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, First Clinical Medical CollegeAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Xiao‐Ke Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yu‐Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zi‐Yue Fu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Li‐Zhi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical MedicineAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zhi‐Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Zong‐Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Hai‐Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
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6
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Xie P, Guo M, Xie JB, Xiao MY, Qi YS, Duan Y, Li FF, Piao XL. Effects of heat-processed Gynostemma pentaphyllum on high-fat diet-fed mice of obesity and functional analysis on network pharmacology and molecular docking strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115335. [PMID: 35513215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gynostemma pentaphyllum has been used as traditional medicine for many diseases, including metabolic syndrome (Mets), aging, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases in China, some East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. It was shown that G. pentaphyllum and gypenosides had anti-obesity and cholesterol-lowering effects too. However, its main active ingredients are still unclear. AIMS The objective of this study was to compare the effects of gypenosides before and after heat-processing on high fat obese mice, and to analyze the function of G. pentaphyllum saponin via network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The leaves of G. pentaphyllum were heat processed at 120 °C for 3 h to obtain heat-processed G. pentaphyllum. Gypenosides (Gyp) and heat-processed gypenosides (HGyp) were prepared by resin HP-20 chromatography and analyzed using LC-MS from the extracts of G. pentaphyllum before and after heat-processing, respectively. Obesity model was made with high fat diet (HFD). Gyp and HGyp were administrated at 100 mg/kg for 12 weeks in HFD obese mice and the body weight, energy intake, and levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were compared. HGyp was administrated at a dose of 50,100,200 mg/kg for 12 weeks in HFD obese mice and the perirenal adipose, epididymal adipose, abdominal adipose, shoulder brown adipose, inguinal adipose were measured. Moreover, the potential targets, hub genes and pathways of damulin A, damulin B, gypenoside L, gypenoside LI for treating Mets were screened out via network pharmacology. According to the results of network pharmacology, core targets of treating Mets were docking with damulin A, gypenoside L, damulin B, gypenoside LI via molecular docking. RESULTS HGyp showed stronger effects on body weight loss and lipid-lowering in obese mice than Gyp. The contents of gypenoside L, gypenoside LI, damulin A and damulin B of G. pentaphyllum were increased by heat-processing. HGyp significantly decreased the body weight, calorie intake, and levels of TC, TG, LDL, HDL on the obese mice. It up-regulated PPARα and PPARγ in the liver tissues. HGyp reduced significantly the size of adipocytes in inguinal, abdominal, epididymal adipose and increased the proportion of interscapular brown fat. Network pharmacology results showed that 21 potential targets and 12 related-pathways were screened out. HMGCR, ACE, LIPC, LIPG, PPARα PPARδ, PPARγ were the core targets of HGyp against lipid metabolism by molecular docking. The putative functional targets of HGyp may be modulated by AGE-RAGE, TNF, glycerolipid metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, cholesterol metabolism, PPAR, fat digestion and absorption, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Gyp and HGyp are valuable for inhibition obesity, lipid-lowering, metabolic regulation. Especially, the effect of HGyp is better than that of Gyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin-Bo Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Man-Yu Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Shuang Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiang-Lan Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Khurana V, Goswami B. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:113-122. [PMID: 34728179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was isolated as a 'hypertensinconverting enzyme'. There have been considerable advances in understanding the metabolic role of ACE in the body. This review attempts to highlight the role of ACE enzyme in the physiological and pathological processes occurring in the organs in which it is localized. METHODS The literature was searched from the websites of the National Library of Medicine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Pub Med Central, the U.S. National Library of Medicine's digital archive of life sciences journal literature. RESULTS The involvement of ACE in regulation of blood pressure forms its central action but it has a role to play in a variety of physiological processes occurring in the organs in which it is localized like the lungs, macrophages, brain, pancreas, liver etc. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases including COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS More studies need to be carried out in order to validate the use of ACE levels in the diagnosis and monitoring of the diseases associated, and facilitate the use of ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in the management of the same, so this wonder molecule can be utilized to its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsala Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | - Binita Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Chakraborty R, Roy S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from plants: A review of their diversity, modes of action, prospects, and concerns in the management of diabetes-centric complications. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:478-492. [PMID: 34642085 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications often used in the treatment of diabetes-related complications. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are known to cause serious side effects like hypotension, renal insufficiency, and hyperkalaemia. Therefore, there has been an intensifying search for natural ACE inhibitors. Many plants or plant-based extracts are known to possess ACE-inhibitory activity. In this review, articles focusing on the natural ACE inhibitors extracted from plants were retrieved from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We have found more than 50 plant species with ACE-inhibitory activity. Among them, Angelica keiskei, Momordica charantia, Muntingia calabura, Prunus domestica, and Peperomia pellucida were the most potent, showing comparatively lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among the bioactive metabolites, peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro, Met-Arg-Trp, and Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids ([-]-epicatechin, astilbin, and eupatorin), terpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and alkaloids (berberine and harmaline) isolated from several plant and fungus species were found to possess significant ACE-inhibitory activity. These were also known to possess promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the minimal side effects and lower toxicity of herbal compounds, development of antihypertensive drugs from these plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications is an important endeavour. This review, therefore, focuses on the ACE inhibitors extracted from different plant sources, their possible mechanisms of action, present status, and any safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Government College, Matigara 734010, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur 734011, West Bengal, India.
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A Systemic Review on Microalgal Peptides: Bioprocess and Sustainable Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, microalgal research is predominantly centered on an industrial scale. In general, multipotent bioactive peptides are the advantages over focal points over utilitarian nourishment as well as nutraceuticals. Microalgal peptides are now profoundly connected with biological properties rather than nutritive. Numerous techniques are employed to purify active peptides from algal protein using enzymatic hydrolysis; it is broadly used for numerous favorable circumstances. There is a chance to utilize microalgal peptides for human well-being as nutritive enhancements. This exhaustive survey details the utilization of microalgal peptides as antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-hypersensitive, anti-atherosclerotic, and nutritional functional foods. It is also exploring the novel technologies for the production of active peptides, for instance, the use of algal peptides as food for human health discovered restrictions, where peptides are sensitive to hydrolysis protease degradation. This review emphasizes the issue of active peptides in gastrointestinal transit, which has to be solved in the future, and prompt impacts.
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10
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Kharazmi-Khorassani J, Asoodeh A, Tanzadehpanah H. Antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of thymosin alpha-1 (Thα1) peptide. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:743-752. [PMID: 30974297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the antioxidant property of thymosin alpha-1 (Thα1) peptide was investigated through various antioxidant methods. Thα1 showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 20 µM) and its 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging reached 45.33% at 80 µM (IC50 = 85 µM). In addition, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging of Thα1 peptide exhibited a concentration-depended manner. The IC50 values of hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging were estimated to be 82 µM and 20 µM, respectively. The effect of Thα1 on eliminating superoxide radicals was higher (62.23%) than other antioxidant assays. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of Thα1 peptide was evaluated by measuring cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results indicated that Thα1 decreased the generation of ROS level in 1321 N1 human neural asterocytoma cells. The inhibitory effect of Thα1 on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was determined. The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) and the inhibition pattern were examined. Based on the Lineweaver-Burk plot, Thα1 displayed a mixed inhibition pattern. The IC50 and Ki values of Thα1 were 0.8 µM and 3.33 µM, respectively. Molecular modeling suggested that Thα1 binds to ACE-domains with higher affinity binding to N-domain with the binding energy of -22.87 kcal/mol. Molecular docking indicated that Thα1 interacted with ACE enzyme (N- and C-domains) due to electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen forces. Our findings suggested that Thα1 possess a multifunctional peptide with dual antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory properties. Further researches are needed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-hypertensive effect of Thα1 both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Alzahrani MAJ, Perera CO, Sabaragamuwa R, Hemar Y. Assessment of Bioactive Potential of Aqueous Protein Extracts from Diatoms Nitzschia laevis, Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1571551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ahmed J. Alzahrani
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rasangani Sabaragamuwa
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yacine Hemar
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Jayathilake C, Visvanathan R, Deen A, Bangamuwage R, Jayawardana BC, Nammi S, Liyanage R. Cowpea: an overview on its nutritional facts and health benefits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4793-4806. [PMID: 29656381 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a legume consumed as a high-quality plant protein source in many parts of the world. High protein and carbohydrate contents with a relatively low fat content and a complementary amino acid pattern to that of cereal grains make cowpea an important nutritional food in the human diet. Cowpea has gained more attention recently from consumers and researchers worldwide as a result of its exerted health beneficial properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive properties. Among the mechanisms that have been proposed in the prevention of chronic diseases, the most proven are attributed to the presence of compounds such as soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, phytochemicals, and proteins and peptides in cowpea. However, studies on the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties of cowpea have produced conflicting results. Some studies support a protective effect of cowpea on the progression of cancer and inflammation, whereas others did not reveal any. Because there are only a few studies addressing health-related effects of cowpea consumption, further studies in this area are suggested. In addition, despite the reported favorable effects of cowpea on diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, a long-term epidemiological study investigating the association between cowpea consumption and diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer is also recommended. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuni Jayathilake
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rizliya Visvanathan
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Afka Deen
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruksheela Bangamuwage
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Santiago PB, de Araújo CN, Charneau S, Bastos IMD, Assumpção TCF, Queiroz RML, Praça YR, Cordeiro TDM, Garcia CHS, da Silva IG, Raiol T, Motta FN, de Araújo Oliveira JV, de Sousa MV, Ribeiro JMC, de Santana JM. Exploring the molecular complexity of Triatoma dimidiata sialome. J Proteomics 2017; 174:47-60. [PMID: 29288089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma dimidiata, a Chagas disease vector widely distributed along Central America, has great capability for domestic adaptation as the majority of specimens caught inside human dwellings or in peridomestic areas fed human blood. Exploring the salivary compounds that overcome host haemostatic and immune responses is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide a deeper insight into its salivary gland molecules. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing to examine in depth the T. dimidiata salivary gland transcriptome. From >51 million reads assembled, 92.21% are related to putative secreted proteins. Lipocalin is the most abundant gene family, confirming it is an expanded family in Triatoma genus salivary repertoire. Other putatively secreted members include phosphatases, odorant binding protein, hemolysin, proteases, protease inhibitors, antigen-5 and antimicrobial peptides. This work expands the previous set of functionally annotated sequences from T. dimidiata salivary glands available in NCBI from 388 to 3815. Additionally, we complemented the salivary analysis through proteomics (available data via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008510), disclosing the set complexity of 119 secreted proteins and validating the transcriptomic results. Our large-scale approach enriches the pharmacologically active molecules database and improves our knowledge about the complexity of salivary compounds from haematophagous vectors and their biological interactions. SIGNIFICANCE Several haematophagous triatomine species can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Due to the reemergence of this disease, new drugs for its prevention and treatment are considered priorities. For this reason, the knowledge of vector saliva emerges as relevant biological finding, contributing to the design of different strategies for vector control and disease transmission. Here we report the transcriptomic and proteomic compositions of the salivary glands (sialome) of the reduviid bug Triatoma dimidiata, a relevant Chagas disease vector in Central America. Our results are robust and disclosed unprecedented insights into the notable diversity of its salivary glands content, revealing relevant anti-haemostatic salivary gene families. Our work expands almost ten times the previous set of functionally annotated sequences from T. dimidiata salivary glands available in NCBI. Moreover, using an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we showed a correlation pattern of transcription and translation processes for the main gene families found, an important contribution to the research of triatomine sialomes. Furthermore, data generated here reinforces the secreted proteins encountered can greatly contribute for haematophagic habit, Trypanosoma cruzi transmission and development of therapeutic agent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beatriz Santiago
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carla Nunes de Araújo
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Faculty of Ceilândia, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Cristina F Assumpção
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Rockville, United States
| | | | - Yanna Reis Praça
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tainá Raiol
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Marcos C Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Rockville, United States
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Reshetnikov EA, Akulova LY, Dobrodomova IS, Dvornyk VY, Polonikov AV, Churnosov MI. The insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with increased blood pressure in women at the end of pregnancy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:623-632. [PMID: 24150610 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313501217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malfunctioning of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy may be responsible for adverse effects on the 'mother-fetus' system. The cardiovascular system of a pregnant woman develops adaptation to the increased load. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is known to play an important role in the adaptation. The present study was designed to investigate whether the insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with the level of arterial blood pressure in women before and during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The level of blood pressure was measured in 591 Russian women (Central Russia) before and during (37-40 weeks term) pregnancy. The women were divided into three groups which were hypertensive, hypotensive, and normotensive according to blood pressure level. Genotyping of the ACE I/D polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS Women with genotype DD showed the highest blood pressure level both during and at the end of pregnancy (p<0.05). The highest frequencies of allele D and genotype DD were found in pregnant women in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSIONS The deletion variant of the ACE gene is associated with high blood pressure level at the end of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
| | - Ludmila Y Akulova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
| | - Irina S Dobrodomova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
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Asghar M, Kabita S, Kalla L, Murry B, Saraswathy KN. Prevalence of MTHFR, Factor V, ACE and APOE gene polymorphisms among Muslims of Manipur, India. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 40:83-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.737832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ali A, Alghasham A, Ismail H, Dowaidar M, Settin A. ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms in Saudi subjects with hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:348-53. [PMID: 23042814 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312459976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has a multifactorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test for the association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms with hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants included 120 Saudi patients with hypertension and 250 normal healthy controls. For all participants, DNA was processed for characterization of ACE I/D and eNOS E298D gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Hypertensive cases showed a significantly higher frequency of the ACE mutant D allele carriage (98.3% vs. 92.4%, p = 0.028, OR = 4.8). Cases with hypertension associated with diabetes and obesity showed 100% mutant D allele carriage. Regarding the eNOS E298D polymorphism, the frequency of the mutant D allele carriage was only observed to be higher among cases with hypertension associated with diabetes and obesity, in comparison with controls, yet not reaching statistical significance (41.2% vs. 34%, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is increased frequency of ACE and eNOS mutant allele carriage among Saudi patients affected with hypertension, particularly if accompanied by obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- 1Molecular Biology Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Burayda, Saudi Arabia
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Settin AA, Alghasham A, Ali A, Dowaidar M, Ismail H. Frequency of thrombophilic genetic polymorphisms among Saudi subjects compared with other populations. Hematology 2012; 17:176-182. [DOI: 10.1179/102453312x13376952196575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Settin
- Molecular Biology Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghasham
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Molecular Biology Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Dowaidar
- Molecular Biology Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Ismail
- Clinical Pathology DepartmentCollege of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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Algasham A, Ismail H, Dewaidar M, Settin AA. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms Among Saudi Population from Qassim Region. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:817-20. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Algasham
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Dewaidar
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Settin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Biology Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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