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Rathi N, Kansal S, Worsley A. Indian fathers' perceptions of young childcare and feeding - A qualitative study. Appetite 2024; 199:107404. [PMID: 38723669 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The role of parents in fostering children's healthy habits is a robust area of research. However, most of the existing literature predominantly focuses on mothers' parenting practices. Given the emergence of nuclear, dual earning families and the recent surge in maternal employment in urban India, fathers' engagement in child rearing and feeding warrants attention. The purpose of this research was to document the views of Indian fathers about paternal parenting practices, with an emphasis on children's diet among other health behaviors. Thirty-three fathers of children aged 6-59 months from Kolkata, India took part in semi-structured interviews conducted either face-to-face or over Zoom/telephone in Hindi, Bengali, and English. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English. The transcribed data were subjected to thematic analysis informed by the Template Analysis technique. Themes were detected using the NVivo software program. Overall, these Indian fathers played an important role in early childhood care and feeding as reflected in the following seven themes: (i) Involvement of fathers in various childcare activities; (ii) Implementation of responsive and non-responsive feeding practices; (iii) Concerns regarding fussy and slow eating; (iv) Concerns regarding excessive screen time; (v) Paternal vs maternal parenting; (vi) Barriers to routine engagement of fathers in childcare; (vii) Desire for more nutrition and health knowledge. This enhanced understanding of paternal parenting behavior supports the inclusion of fathers in future family-focused lifestyle interventions aimed at improving children's health outcomes, including their dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rathi
- Department of Home Science, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sangeeta Kansal
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anthony Worsley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
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Thorsteinsdottir F, Campbell KJ, Heitmann BL, Zheng M. Longitudinal Trajectories of Dietary Fibre Intake and Its Determinants in Early Childhood: Results from the Melbourne InFANT Program. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081932. [PMID: 37111151 PMCID: PMC10145308 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal nutrition during early childhood, including dietary fibre intake, is important for children's health and development. Knowledge of fibre intake and its determinants in early childhood is limited. We aimed to describe fibre intake and sources and to identify trajectories of fibre intake at age 9, 18, 42, and 60 months and its child and maternal determinants. Associations between fibre trajectory groups and BMI z-scores and child overweight status were also assessed. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Melbourne InFANT Program, trial registration: Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN81847050). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify trajectories of fibre intake from ages 9 to 60 months (n = 503). Multivariable logistic or linear regression was used to assess the determinants of fibre intake trajectories and the association between fibre intake trajectories and obesity outcomes. RESULTS Four fibre intake trajectory groups were identified, with three groups following stable, rising trajectories of "Low" (52.3%), "Moderate" (32.2%), and "High" (13.3%), respectively. The remaining followed an "unstable" trajectory (2.2%). Girls versus boys were more likely to follow the "Low" fibre intake trajectory, whereas children who were breastfed for ≥6 months and whose mother had a university education were less likely to follow the "Low" fibre trajectory. No association was found between fibre trajectory groups and obesity outcomes. CONCLUSION Most children followed a stable, rising trajectory of low fibre intake in early childhood. Child sex, breastfeeding duration and maternal education were significant determinants of low fibre intake trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanney Thorsteinsdottir
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Boden Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Dou Y, Luo Y, Xing Y, Liu H, Chen B, Zhu L, Ma D, Zhu J. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Variation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061441. [PMID: 36986171 PMCID: PMC10059845 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease of pregnancy, but with very limited knowledge of its impact on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk. This study aimed to explore the lactational changes in the concentration of HMOs in exclusively breastfeeding GDM mothers and the differences between GDM and healthy mothers. A total of 22 mothers (11 GDM mothers vs. 11 healthy mothers) and their offspring were enrolled in the study and the levels of 14 HMOs were measured in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk. Most of the HMOs showed a significant temporal trend with decreasing levels over lactation; however, there were some exceptions for 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), Lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP-II), and Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP-III). Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) was significantly higher in GDM mothers in all time points and its concentrations in colostrum and transitional milk were correlated positively with the infant’s weight-for-age Z-score at six months postnatal in the GDM group. Significant group differences were also found in LNFP-II, 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL), and Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) but not in all lactational periods. The role of differently expressed HMOs in GDM needs to be further explored by follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Yuanli Luo
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Botian Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Liye Zhu
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal and Child Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Defu Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (J.Z.)
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Au LE, Arnold CD, Ritchie LD, Frongillo EA. The Infant Diet Quality Index Predicts Dietary and Adiposity Outcomes in US Children 2 to 4 years old. J Nutr 2023; 153:741-748. [PMID: 36806452 PMCID: PMC10196607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy nutrition during the first year of life is critical for optimal growth and development. Limited techniques are available to assess diet quality in infancy, and few have been shown to be predictive of dietary and adiposity outcomes in low-income children. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to construct an Infant Diet Quality Index (IDQI) to assess the diet quality from birth to 12 mo and to determine whether the IDQI exhibits predictive validity by estimating the longitudinal associations of IDQI scores with diet quality and weight status at 2 to 4 y. DESIGN Data were analyzed from the longitudinal Women, Infants, and Children Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (unweighted, n = 2858; weighted. N = 392,439) using one 24-h dietary recall and survey responses during infancy. The newly constructed IDQI consists of 16 equally-weighted components: 1) breastfeeding duration; 2) exclusive breastfeeding; age of first introduction of: 3) solids, 4) iron-rich cereals, 5) cow milk, 6) sugar-sweetened beverages, 7) salty/sweet snacks, 8) other drinks/liquids, and 9) textured foods; frequency of consuming 10) fruit or 11) vegetables; frequency of consuming different 12) fruit or 13) vegetables; 14) nonrecommended bottle-feeding practices; 15) use of commercial baby foods; and 16) number of meals and snacks. Regression analysis was used to estimate associations between the total IDQI score (range, 0-1) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) at 2 to 4 y of age, adjusted for covariates (e.g., child age, sex and race/ethnicity; maternal education level, etc.) RESULTS: The total IDQI score was positively associated with HEI-2015 at the age of 2 y (β = 16.7; 95% CI: 12.6, 20.9; P < 0.001), 3 y (β = 14.5; 95% CI: 8.1, 21.0; P < 0.001), and 4 y (β = 15.4; 95% CI: 8.4, 22.4; P < 0.001); and negatively associated with BMIz at the age of 2 y (β = -1.24; 95% CI: -2.01, -0.47; P = 0.002) and 4 y (β = -0.92; 95% CI: -1.53, -0.30; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The IDQI has predictive validity for diet quality and weight status in low-income US children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Au
- Meyer Hall, Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Charles D Arnold
- Meyer Hall, Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lorrene D Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC, United States
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Na'amnih W, Akawi A, Abu-Moch A, Cohen R, Dror G, Kassem E, Muhsen K, Ornoy A. Associations of early-life exposures and socioeconomic status with cognitive development at preadolescence. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 64:192-200. [PMID: 36357285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term relations of socioeconomic status (SES) and early-life exposures with cognitive development at preadolescence are not fully understood, especially in low SES populations. We examined associations of SES and early-life exposures including feeding practices, physical growth and infections with cognitive development among preadolescents from underprivileged communities. METHODS A prospective study was conducted among 146 healthy children from two relatively low SES Arab villages in Israel, who were recruited at age 1-9 weeks and followed until age 18 months. Information was obtained on their feeding practices, health status and growth indicators. Cognitive development at age 10-12 years was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, including the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and scores of four cognitive domains. Multiple linear regression models were performed. RESULTS Nearly all the children (98%) were breastfed in infancy. Bivariate correlations were found of SES, growth indices and rates of diarrheal and respiratory illnesses in infancy, but not of feeding practices, with cognitive scores. In multivariable models, SES was positively (p < 0.001) associated with all the cognitive domains (beta coefficient ranges 4.3 to 8.2). Birthweight was positively associated with FSIQ (p = 0.039) and the perceptual reasoning index (p = 0.002). Weight for age Z score at age 10-14 months was positively associated with the verbal comprehension index (p = 0.003). The rate of respiratory illnesses was negatively associated with the perceptual reasoning index (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION SES is strongly associated with cognitive development even in relatively low SES communities. Birthweight, weight indicators and respiratory illness in infancy might affect cognitive development through preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasef Na'amnih
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6139001, Israel
| | - Ashraf Akawi
- Child Development Center, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ahmad Abu-Moch
- Child Development Center, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Rinat Cohen
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Dror
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6139001, Israel
| | - Eias Kassem
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6139001, Israel.
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel and the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ge L, Wu Y, Zou W, Mao X, Wang Y, Du J, Zhao H, Zhu C. Analysis of the trend of volatile compounds by HS-SPME-GC-MS and the main factors affecting the formation of rancid odor during the oxidation process of infant nutrition package. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3367-3378. [PMID: 35875207 PMCID: PMC9304473 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS was used to analyze the trend of volatile compounds in fresh and oxidative infant nutrition package. Among the volatile compounds, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, lipids, cycloalkenes, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenated compound were identified. A total of 65 volatile compounds were detected in the fresh nutrition package, whereas 9 new volatile compounds were detected during the accelerated oxidation process, which was oxidized at 45 °C for 4 weeks. The main components of the rancid flavor formed and the relative content of volatile substances gradually changed during the accelerated oxidation process. The volatile substances hexanal, nonanal, and 2-pentylfuran substantially increased. Linalool, α-terpineol, d-limonene, and 1-methoxy-nonane presented an evidently downward trend. The relative content of the newly formed compound 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one during the oxidation process was always large, its relative content initially increased, then decreased, and finally increased again. The formation of rancid flavor of the nutrient package was speculated to have been formed by the interaction of hexanal, nonanal, 2-pentylfuran, and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Wenhaotian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Xuejin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341100 Jiangxi China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341100 Jiangxi China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341100 Jiangxi China
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Cheikh Ismail L, Al Dhaheri AS, Ibrahim S, Ali HI, Chokor FAZ, O'Neill LM, Mohamad MN, Kassis A, Ayesh W, Kharroubi S, Hwalla N. Nutritional status and adequacy of feeding Practices in Infants and Toddlers 0-23.9 months living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): findings from the feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2020. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 35168591 PMCID: PMC8848814 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) impact the early and later health status of the population. Limited data is available regarding IYCF in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and adequacy of feeding practices, energy, food, and nutrient intakes of UAE infants and toddlers ages 0-23.9 months. METHODS This study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of 276 infants and toddlers aged 0-23.9 months of which 180 were nationals and 96 were Arab non-nationals living in the UAE. Data were collected from the three major emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah. Anthropometry was collected and assessed using WHO Anthro-Survey Analyzer, and a multicomponent age-specific questionnaire was used to evaluate IYCF and sociodemographic characteristics. Usual intake of energy, micronutrients, and macronutrients, including supplements, were collected using multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall and analyzed using the PC-side software. IYCF practices were assessed using the WHO indicators. RESULTS Overall, 4% of children were malnourished, 8% wasted, 15% stunted, 18% at risk of overweight, and 7% overweight and obese. 95% of infants were ever breastfed and 37% exclusively breastfed at 6 months. Around 98% of infants had a timely introduction of complementary food. Macronutrient intake exceeded AMDR for fat, carbohydrates, and protein for 27%, 8% and 2% of toddlers respectively. As for the percentage of those exceeding the ESPGHAN cut-off for free sugars set at 5% of energy intake, 28.6% had excessive intakes overall, 10% in 0-5.9, 21.9% in 6-11.9 and 56.7% in 12-23.9 month. Usual iron intake was below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) in 47% of infants 6-11.9 months. Above 12 months, the usual intake of iron and vitamin D were below EAR in 11% and 49% of toddlers respectively. Usual intake exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for vitamin A (14 to 18%) and zinc (11 to 22%) across all ages. Approximately 93% of toddlers ages 12-23.9 months did not meet food groups' recommendations for vegetables, 87% for fruits, 48% for milk/dairy, 54% for lean meat and beans, and 33% for grains. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that a high percentage of infants and toddlers aged 0-23.9 m suffer from a double burden of malnutrition, which is the coexistence of both undernutrition, and overweight and obesity in the same population. In addition to suboptimal feeding practices and inadequate/overconsumption of various nutrients. The findings highlight the need for the development of culturally specific programs aiming to improve the nutritional status of infants and toddlers in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Ayesha S Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Habiba I Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Al Zahraa Chokor
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lynda M O'Neill
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000, 26, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maysm N Mohamad
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, Beaconsfield, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wafaa Ayesh
- Public Health Protection Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Effectiveness of interventions to optimise dietary intakes in the first 1000 d of life in Indigenous children: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:450-463. [PMID: 34649639 PMCID: PMC8883790 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Indigenous infants are disproportionately more likely to have negative outcomes compared to non-Indigenous infants with suboptimal nutrition in the first 1000 d playing a major role. This review aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to optimise dietary intake and/or nutrition-related behaviours among Indigenous infants globally and to identify whether Indigenous populations were involved in the co-design of the intervention. Design: Articles published before June 2020 that reported nutrition-related interventions and outcomes for Indigenous infants were identified from a database search. Data extracted included study aims and design, target population, geographical location, the health condition of the participants, intervention characteristics and outcomes. A narrative synthesis consisting of effects and acceptability of the interventions and involvement of participants in the study design were highlighted. Settings: Population-based intervention studies that focused on improving dietary intakes and/or nutrition-related behaviours of Indigenous infants in the first 1000 d of life were included in this review. Results: Of the 2784 studies identified, three studies met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted among two Indigenous tribes in Guatemala and the USA. Two studies reported the food and nutrient intake of participants with one study showing an improvement in dietary intake of the infants. Only one study reported community participation in the study design, intervention design and implementation, and acceptability of the intervention by the participants. Conclusion: Engaging Indigenous communities throughout the entire process of nutrition interventions could have beneficial effects through improved outcomes in the first 1000 d of life.
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Smithers LG, Hedges J, Ribeiro Santiago PH, Jamieson LM. Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Measurement at Age 36 Months Among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Children in Australia: A Secondary Analysis of the Baby Teeth Talk Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2114348. [PMID: 34236413 PMCID: PMC8267605 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Interventions to reduce early childhood caries should be examined for their effects on anthropometry given their design to improve children's diets. OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and blood pressure measurements between children at age 36 months in the immediate intervention group vs those in the delayed intervention group. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This secondary analysis was a follow-up to the 2-group Baby Teeth Talk randomized clinical trial conducted across the state of South Australia, Australia. Participants were Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children and their caregivers who were randomized to the immediate intervention group or delayed intervention group. The intervention was provided from February 1, 2011, to May 31, 2012. The prespecified follow-up when the participating children were aged 36 months was conducted from November 1, 2014, to February 28, 2016, in participant homes or public locations. Data were analyzed from October 5, 2018, to April 29, 2019. INTERVENTIONS The immediate intervention group received the intervention during pregnancy and at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The delayed intervention group received the intervention at 24, 30, and 36 months of age. Both groups received an intervention consisting of free dental care for mothers, fluoride varnish on children's teeth, anticipatory guidance on oral health and dietary advice, and motivational interviewing. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Dietary intake was measured with a caregiver-completed, 17-item food frequency questionnaire. Frequency of consumption of discretionary foods and beverages were the main dietary outcomes. Children's weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured and converted to age- and sex-specific z scores. Body mass index z score was the main anthropometric outcome. RESULTS A total of 330 children were followed up to age 36 months among the 448 mothers and 454 children who were randomized to the 2 groups. At baseline, the women had a mean (SD) age of 24.9 (5.9) years, and the children had a mean (SD) weight of 3.3 (0.6) kilograms at birth, and 205 were boys (46%); sex was not recorded for 63 children (14%). Diet outcomes were similar between the groups. For example, the mean (SD) intake of discretionary beverages by the immediate intervention group was similar to that by the delayed intervention group (507 [536] mL/d vs 520 [546] mL/d; adjusted mean difference [MD], -16 [95% CI, -133 to 102] mL/d; P = .79). Height was similar between the 2 groups, but the mean (SD) z scores of weight (0.7 [1.0] vs 0.4 [1.0]; adjusted MD, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.1-0.5]; P = .02), arm circumference (1.6 [1.0] vs 1.3 [0.9]; adjusted MD, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.1-0.5]; P = .03), and body mass index (1.1 [1.1] vs 0.9 [0.9]; adjusted MD, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.0-0.4]; P = .04) were higher in the immediate intervention group than the delayed intervention group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found no differences in dietary intakes between children who received an intervention to reduce dental caries early and those who received it later. At age 36 months, children in the immediate intervention group had greater z scores for weight, arm circumference, and body mass index than their counterparts in the delayed intervention group, suggesting a potential implication of oral health interventions for anthropometric outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12611000111976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gaye Smithers
- University of Adelaide School of Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- University of Wollongong School of Health and Society, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne Hedges
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro Henrique Ribeiro Santiago
- University of Adelaide School of Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Muhsen K, Na’amnih W, Goldsmith R, Maya M, Zeidan N, Kassem E, Ornoy A. Associations of Feeding Practices in Early Life and Dietary Intake at School Age with Obesity in 10- to 12-Year-Old Arab Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062106. [PMID: 34205416 PMCID: PMC8234619 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role in pediatric obesity of early life feeding practices and dietary intake at school age is essential for early prevention. The study aimed to examine associations of early life feeding practices, environmental and health-related exposures, and dietary intake at school age as determinants of obesity in children aged 10–12 years. In an earlier study of 233 healthy infants in two Arab towns in northern Israel, neonatal history, feeding practices, and health information were obtained up to age 18 months. This follow-up study assessed dietary intake and anthropometric measurements at age 10–12 years using the 24 h recall method. Overall, 174 children participated in this study. Almost all (98%) the children were breastfed. The prevalence of obesity at school age was 42%. A multivariable model adjusted for energy intake and socioeconomic status showed positive associations of total fat intake and of weight-for-height z score, but not feeding practices in infancy, with obesity. Higher gestational age at birth was associated with lower odds of obesity at age 10–12 years. In conclusion, in a population with near universal breastfeeding, gestational age at birth, weight indicators but not feeding practices in infancy, and total fat intake at school age were associated with increased likelihood of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (W.N.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6405945; Fax: +972-3-6409868
| | - Wasef Na’amnih
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (W.N.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Maayan Maya
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (W.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Nuha Zeidan
- Clalit Health Service, Diet and Nutrition Unit, P.O. Box 789, Arara 30026, Israel;
| | - Eias Kassem
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 38100, Israel;
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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11
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Erdemir US, Sahan Y, Gucer S. Fractionation and Bioaccessibility of Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Commercial Vegetable and Rice Baby Foods Using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) with Central Composite Design (CCD). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umran Seven Erdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Sahan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seref Gucer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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12
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Chen LW, Fung SM, Fok D, Leong LP, Toh JY, Lim HX, Pang WW, Tan KH, Chong YS, Yap F, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Chong MFF. The Development and Evaluation of a Diet Quality Index for Asian Toddlers and Its Perinatal Correlates: The GUSTO Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030535. [PMID: 30832217 PMCID: PMC6472180 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood diet may have lifelong influences on health outcomes, yet development of indices to assess diet quality is scarce in toddlers, especially in Asian countries. We aimed to develop and evaluate a Diet Quality Index (DQI) in a multi-ethnic Asian mother⁻offspring cohort and identify perinatal correlates of early childhood diet. Based primarily on the Singapore dietary guidelines, the DQI includes seven food components: rice, bread and alternatives; fruit; vegetables; meat and alternatives; milk and dairy products; whole grains; and foods high in sugar. The DQI was developed using parental report of Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) data for 18-month-old toddlers (n = 561). The mean ± SD of DQI for the study toddlers was 44.2 ± 8.9 (theoretical range: 0⁻65). A higher DQI (better diet quality) was associated with higher intakes of several nutrients and food groups (e.g., vegetables, dietary fibre, and beta-carotene; all p < 0.001). Further construct validity was demonstrated by substantial agreement between the FFQ-DQI and 24-hour-recall-DQI (Intraclass-correlation-coefficient: 0.70). Independent predictors of lower DQI included higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI [β(95% CI): -0.23(-0.39, -0.07)], Malay ethnicity [-1.88(-3.67, -0.09)], lower household income [-1.97(-3.91, -0.03)], lower education level [-2.57(-4.85, -0.28)] and never breastfeeding [-6.17(-11.06, -1.28)]. We developed a valid DQI for assessing the overall quality of the diets of Asian toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Si Ming Fung
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Doris Fok
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Lai Peng Leong
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Hui Xian Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
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13
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Taha Z, Garemo M, Nanda J. Patterns of breastfeeding practices among infants and young children in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Int Breastfeed J 2018; 13:48. [PMID: 30479650 PMCID: PMC6240248 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-018-0192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the ongoing efforts to improve infant feeding practices, low rates of breastfeeding and early introduction of complementary feeding have been reported in many countries. Systematic documentation of breastfeeding practices in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is needed in order to directing successful strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding practices among mothers in Abu Dhabi, UAE, using the World Health Organization (WHO) infant and young child feeding indicators. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, mothers of children below the age of two were recruited from the community and health centers located in different areas in Abu Dhabi. Following informed consent, a structured questionnaire including WHO-indicators was used for in-person interviews on sociodemographics and breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was calculated as the percentage of babies 0 - < 6 months of age who had been exclusively breastfed in the last 24 h. RESULTS A total of 1822 mothers participated in the study; 95.6% (1741/1822) of mothers initiated breastfeeding and 59.8% (1089/1822) initiated breastfeeding within the first hour. Exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-6 months was 44.3% (362/818). Although the median duration of "any breastfeeding" was 12 months (95% CI 11.2, 12.7), the median duration of EBF was 3 months (95% CI 2.8, 3.3). Most of the children (894/1004, 89%) aged 6 months and above were receiving complementary feeding, but 21.7% (218/1004) of them had had an early introduction of complementary feeding, i.e. before 6 months of age. Using "the WHO infant and young child feeding indicators" as standard for comparative evaluation, breastfeeding initiation was rated "good", the proportion of children being exclusively breastfed until 6 months was rated "fair" and the duration of EBF was considered "poor". CONCLUSIONS According to the WHO infant feeding indicators the breastfeeding practices were suboptimal in several aspects with a low proportion of children being exclusively breastfed, short breastfeeding duration and early introduction of complementary feeding, despite high socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that there is a need to understand potential barriers towards breastfeeding in order to develop appropriate strategies to promote and support breastfeeding in Abu Dhabi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Malin Garemo
- Department of Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joy Nanda
- The John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
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Baek Y, Shim JE, Song S. Dietary intake of fat and fatty acids by 1-5-year-old children in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:324-335. [PMID: 30090170 PMCID: PMC6078869 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We examined dietary fat intake and the major food sources by young children in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 1,041 children aged 1–5 years were identified from the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on total fat and fatty acid intake were obtained by a single 24-h dietary recall. Food sources were identified based on the amounts of total fat and fatty acids consumption according to each food. Fat and fatty acid intakes and their food sources were presented by age group (1–2-y, n = 401; 3–5-y, n = 640). Fat and fatty acid intakes were also evaluated according to socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS The mean intake of fat was 27.1 ± 0.8 g in the 1-2-y group and 35.5 ± 0.7 g in the 3-5-y group, and about 23% of the total energy was obtained from fat in both age groups. The mean intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was 10.5 ± 0.3 g in the 1-2-y group and 12.7 ± 0.3 g in the 3-5-y group, with the 1-2-y group obtaining more energy from SFA than the 3-5-y group (9.2% vs. 8.3%). The mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was 6.3 ± 0.1 g in the total subjects, with 0.8 ± 0.03 g of n-3 fatty acids and 5.5 ± 0.1 g of n-6 fatty acids being consumed. Milk, pork, and eggs were major food sources of total fat, SFA, and monounsaturated fatty acids, and soybean oil was the main contributor to PUFA in both age groups. In the 1-2-y group, children in rural areas had significantly higher intake of PUFA and n-3 fatty acids than did those in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide current information on dietary fat intake among young Korean children and could be used to establish dietary strategies for improvement of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- YounJoo Baek
- Department of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
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15
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Weihrauch-Blüher S, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Graf C, Widhalm K, Korsten-Reck U, Jödicke B, Markert J, Müller MJ, Moss A, Wabitsch M, Wiegand S. Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence. Obes Facts 2018; 11:263-276. [PMID: 29969778 PMCID: PMC6103347 DOI: 10.1159/000486512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current guidelines for prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are discussed. METHODS A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analyzed. RESULTS Programs to prevent childhood obesity have so far remained mainly school-based and effects have been limited. Analyses by age group show that prevention programs have the best results in younger children (<12 years). Evidence-based recommendations for pre-school- and early school-aged children indicate the need for interventions that address parents and teachers alike. During adolescence, school-based interventions proved most effective when adolescents were addressed directly. To date, obesity prevention programs have mainly focused on behavior-oriented prevention. Recommendations for community- or environment-based prevention have been suggested by the German Alliance of Noncommunicable Diseases and include a minimum of 1 h of physical activity at school, promotion of healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, mandatory standards for meals at kindergartens and schools as well as a ban on unhealthy food advertisement aimed at children. CONCLUSION Behavior-oriented prevention programs showed only limited long-term effects. Certain groups at risk for the development of obesity are not reached effectively by current programs. Although universally valid conclusions cannot be drawn given the heterogeneity of available studies, clearly combining behavior-based programs with community-based prevention to counteract an 'obesogenic environment' is crucial for sustainable success of future obesity prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- IFB AdiposityDiseases; Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics I / Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Halle/Saale, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Kartin Kromeyer-Hauschild
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Medical Center, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department Of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Korsten-Reck
- Department of Rehabilitative and Preventive Sports Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Birgit Jödicke
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Center for Social-Pediatric Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Markert
- IFB AdiposityDiseases; Leipzig University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Special and Inclusive Education, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred James Müller
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Moss
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Center for Social-Pediatric Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Merlino VM, Borra D, Tibor V, Massaglia S. Household Behavior with Respect to Meat Consumption: Differences between Households with and without Children. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4040053. [PMID: 29088120 PMCID: PMC5753633 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat consumers around the world are increasingly paying attention to product quality and safety, and are starting to reduce their meat consumption, especially with regard to red meat. This trend is prevalent in households with children who prefer health-certified meat products. Our study compares meat consumption habits in households with and without children or adolescences (0-18 years). A structured questionnaire was distributed to 401 retail purchasers at 12 different points of sales of meat in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy. Socio-demographic variables and quantitative-qualitative meat consumption habits of retail purchasers were investigated. One part of the questionnaire analyzed the relative importance of 12 meat choice purchasing attributes by employing the Best-Worst scaling methodology, a type of choice experiment. Our research found that households without children (subset B) have higher weekly meat consumption habits than those with children (subset A). Alternatively, the households with children (subset A) have a diet characterized by a greater variety of protein sources, such as legumes and fish. Both of the considered subsets preferred trusted butchers for meat buying, with supermarkets as a second choice. However, only consumers of subset A bought meat from farm butchers. Our team performed a consumer analysis to identify meat consumption patterns in the two considered subsets. Simultaneously, a Best-Worst analysis evidenced several choice attributes with different relevance for the two investigated samples segmentation in three clusters of purchase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maria Merlino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Danielle Borra
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Verduna Tibor
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Stefano Massaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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17
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Risk assessment related to biogenic amines occurrence in ready-to-eat baby foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Peripheral Blood from Neonate Rats Exposed by Breastfeeding to Cyclophosphamide, Colchicine, or Cytosine-Arabinoside. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9161648. [PMID: 28018917 PMCID: PMC5149595 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9161648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic exposure to chemical substances is common, and nursing mothers could transmit harmful substances or their metabolites to their offspring through breast milk. We explored the possibility of determining genotoxic effects in the erythrocytes of breastfeeding rat pups whose mothers received a genotoxic compound while nursing. Ten groups of female rats and five pups per dam were studied. The control group received sterile water, and the experimental groups received one of three different doses of cyclophosphamide, colchicine, or cytosine-arabinoside. Blood smears were prepared from samples taken from each dam and pup every 24 h for six days. There were increased numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in the samples from pups in the experimental groups (P < 0.02) and increased MNPCE frequencies in the samples from the dams (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the vertical transmission of the genotoxic effect of the compounds tested. In conclusion, assessing MNEs in breastfeeding neonate rats to assess DNA damage may be a useful approach for identifying genotoxic compounds and/or cytotoxic effects. This strategy could help in screening for therapeutic approaches that are genotoxic during the lactation stage and these assessments might also be helpful for developing preventive strategies to counteract harmful effects.
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19
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Genovesi S, Antolini L, Orlando A, Brahmochary S, De Servi A, Capelli S, Giussani M, Nava E, Agostoni C, Gallieni M. Poor early growth and high salt intake in Indian infants. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:467-472. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1249463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Nephrology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Nephrology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisa Nava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Nephrology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Project for People, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Italy
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20
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Quigley C, Taut C, Zigman T, Gallagher L, Campbell H, Zgaga L. Association between home birth and breast feeding outcomes: a cross-sectional study in 28 125 mother-infant pairs from Ireland and the UK. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010551. [PMID: 27503858 PMCID: PMC4985866 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between breast feeding outcomes and place of birth (home vs hospital birth). DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Ireland and UK. PARTICIPANTS 10 604 mother-infant pairs from the Growing Up in Ireland study (GUI, 2008-2009) and 17 521 pairs from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (UKMCS, 2001-2002) at low risk of delivery complications were included in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Breast feeding initiation, exclusivity and duration. RESULTS Home birth was found to be significantly associated with breast feeding at all examined time points, including at birth, 8 weeks, 6 months and breast feeding exclusively at 6 months. In GUI, adjusted OR was 1.90 (95% CI 1.19 to 3.02), 1.78 (1.18 to 2.69), 1.85 (1.23 to 2.77) and 2.77 (1.78 to 4.33), respectively, and in UKMCS it was 2.49 (1.84 to 3.44), 2.49 (1.92 to 3.26), 2.90 (2.25 to 3.73) and 2.24 (1.14 to 4.03). CONCLUSIONS Home birth was strongly associated with improved breast feeding outcomes in low-risk deliveries. While the association between home birth and breast feeding is unlikely to be directly causal, further research is needed to determine which factor(s) drive the observed differences, to facilitate development of perinatal care that supports breast feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Taut
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tamara Zigman
- Department of Paediatrics, “Sestre Milosrdnice” University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Louise Gallagher
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Sundekilde UK, Downey E, O'Mahony JA, O'Shea CA, Ryan CA, Kelly AL, Bertram HC. The Effect of Gestational and Lactational Age on the Human Milk Metabolome. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050304. [PMID: 27213440 PMCID: PMC4882716 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the ideal nutrition source for healthy infants during the first six months of life and a detailed characterisation of the composition of milk from mothers that deliver prematurely (<37 weeks gestation), and of how human milk changes during lactation, would benefit our understanding of the nutritional requirements of premature infants. Individual milk samples from mothers delivering prematurely and at term were collected. The human milk metabolome, established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, was influenced by gestational and lactation age. Metabolite profiling identified that levels of valine, leucine, betaine, and creatinine were increased in colostrum from term mothers compared with mature milk, while those of glutamate, caprylate, and caprate were increased in mature term milk compared with colostrum. Levels of oligosaccharides, citrate, and creatinine were increased in pre-term colostrum, while those of caprylate, caprate, valine, leucine, glutamate, and pantothenate increased with time postpartum. There were differences between pre-term and full-term milk in the levels of carnitine, caprylate, caprate, pantothenate, urea, lactose, oligosaccharides, citrate, phosphocholine, choline, and formate. These findings suggest that the metabolome of pre-term milk changes within 5–7 weeks postpartum to resemble that of term milk, independent of time of gestation at pre-mature delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eimear Downey
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Carol-Anne O'Shea
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Årslev 5792, Denmark.
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Abstract
Milk represents a unique resource for translational medicine: It contains a rich pool of biologically active molecules with demonstrated clinical benefits. The ongoing characterization of the mechanistic process through which milk components promote development and immunity has revealed numerous milk-derived compounds with potential applications as clinical therapies in infectious and inflammatory disease, cancer, and other conditions. Lactoferrin is an effective antimicrobial and antiviral agent in high-risk patient populations and a potentially potent adjuvant to chemotherapy in lung cancer. Enteric nutrition formulas supplemented with transforming growth factor β, a milk cytokine, have been shown to promote remission in pediatric Crohn's disease. A number of milk glycans, including human milk oligosaccharides, show promise in preclinical studies as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. While active preclinical investigations of human milk may soon result in large-scale production of human milk molecules, bovine milk components in many instances represent a practical source of bioactive milk compounds for use in clinical trials. This review summarizes current efforts to translate the compounds derived from human and bovine milk into effective clinical therapies. These efforts suggest a common pathway for the translation of milk-derived compounds into clinical applications.
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Schwartz R, Vigo Á, Dias de Oliveira L, Justo Giugliani ER. The Effect of a Pro-Breastfeeding and Healthy Complementary Feeding Intervention Targeting Adolescent Mothers and Grandmothers on Growth and Prevalence of Overweight of Preschool Children. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131884. [PMID: 26161657 PMCID: PMC4498782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pattern and duration of breastfeeding (BF) and the age at onset of complementary feeding, as well as its quality, have been associated with the prevalence of overweight in childhood. Objective To assess the effect of a pro-BF and healthy complementary feeding intervention, targeted to adolescent mothers and maternal grandmothers, on growth and prevalence of overweight and obesity in children at preschool age. This intervention had a positive impact on duration of BF and timing of onset of complementary feeding. Methods This randomized clinical trial involved 323 adolescent mothers, their infants, and the infants’ maternal grandmothers, when they cohabited. Mothers and grandmothers in the intervention group received counseling sessions on BF and healthy complementary feeding at the maternity ward and at home (7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days after delivery). When children were aged 4 to 7 years, they underwent anthropometric assessment and collection of data on dietary habits. Multivariable Poisson regression with robust estimation was used for analysis. Results BMI-for-age and height-for-age were similar in the intervention and control groups, as was the prevalence of overweight (39% vs. 31% respectively; p=0.318). There were no significant between-group differences in dietary habits. Conclusion Although the intervention prolonged the duration of exclusive BF and delayed the onset of complementary feeding, it had no impact on growth or prevalence of overweight at age 4 to 7 years. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00910377
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Schwartz
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Álvaro Vigo
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Food and Nutrition Studies (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bell LK, Golley RK, Magarey AM. Dietary risk scores of toddlers are associated with nutrient intakes and socio-demographic factors, but not weight status. Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda K. Bell
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Rebecca K. Golley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research; Division of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Anthea M. Magarey
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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25
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Rice N, Gibbons H, McNulty BA, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ, Nugent AP. Development and validation testing of a short nutrition questionnaire to identify dietary risk factors in preschoolers aged 12-36 months. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:27912. [PMID: 26058751 PMCID: PMC4461756 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although imbalances in dietary intakes can have short and longer term influences on the health of preschool children, few tools exist to quickly and easily identify nutritional risk in otherwise healthy young children. Objectives To develop and test the validity of a parent-administered questionnaire (NutricheQ) as a means of evaluating dietary risk in young children (12–36 months). Design Following a comprehensive development process and internal reliability assessment, the NutricheQ questionnaire was validated in a cohort of 371 Irish preschool children as part of the National Preschool Nutrition Survey. Dietary risk was rated on a scale ranging from 0 to 22 from 11 questions, with a higher score indicating higher risk. Results Children with higher NutricheQ scores had significantly (p<0.05) lower mean daily intakes of key nutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin D, riboflavin, niacin, folate, phosphorous, potassium, carotene, retinol, and dietary fibre. They also had lower (p<0.05) intakes of vegetables, fish and fish dishes, meat and infant/toddler milks and higher intakes of processed foods and non-milk beverages, confectionery, sugars and savoury snack foods indicative of poorer dietary quality. Areas under the curve values of 84.7 and 75.6% were achieved for ‘medium’ and ‘high’ dietary risk when compared with expert risk ratings indicating good consistency between the two methods. Conclusion NutricheQ is a valid method of quickly assessing dietary quality in preschoolers and in identifying those at increased nutritional risk. In Context Analysis of data from national food and nutrition surveys typically identifies shortfalls in dietary intakes or quality of young children. This can relate to intakes of micronutrients such as iron or vitamin D as well as to the balance of macronutrients they consume (e.g. fat or sugar). Alongside this lie concerns regarding overweight and obesity and physical inactivity. This combination of risk factors has potential negative effects for both short and longer term health. Hence, screening tools, such as NutricheQ described here, offer an opportunity for early identification and subsequent appropriate timely intervention from 12 months of age. This paper describes the development and validation of NutricheQ, a short user-friendly questionnaire. Designed to be administered by parents or carers, it aims to help healthcare professionals identify children at risk based on known, evidence-based nutritional risk factors. It is hoped in the longer term that this tool can be adapted for use globally and improve child health through early identification, which can be followed up by targeted, cost-effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Rice
- Previs Healthcare Ltd, Kilmacanogue, Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Helena Gibbons
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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Amezdroz E, Carpenter L, O'Callaghan E, Johnson S, Waters E. Transition from milks to the introduction of solid foods across the first 2 years of life: findings from an Australian birth cohort study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2015; 28:375-83. [PMID: 25891532 PMCID: PMC5054912 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current literature regarding the transition from milks to solid foods across the first 2 years of life is limited despite the important influence of early dietary intake on children's growth and development. The present study describes dietary intake from birth to 2 years across four developmental relevant time-points within an Australian birth cohort. METHODS Dietary data from 466 infants was collected at four time-points in the first 2 years of life via parent-reported questionnaire, including a 45-item food and beverage frequency questionnaire. Subsample analyses of children who were aged 1-3, 6-8, 12-14 and 18-20 months at the time of data collection were conducted. RESULTS Infant formula remained consistently consumed by over 75% of children from the 6-8- to 18-20 months old age groups. Mean (SD) age of introduction to solid foods was 5.2 (1.3) months. Almost 20% and 10% of children were introduced before 16 and after 32 weeks, respectively. The highest consumption of core foods, recommended for a healthy diet, daily was seen in the 12-14 months old age group with lower proportions in the 18-20 months old age group coinciding with an increased proportion of children eating discretionary choice foods, not recommended for a healthy diet. Discretionary choice foods/beverages presented in children's diets as early as in the 6-8 months old age group. By 18-20 months, at least 20% of children were consuming savoury biscuits, sweet biscuits, muesli bars and luncheon meats at least twice a week. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a number of findings outside the recommendations of the Australian Dietary and Infant Feeding Guidelines. Further work is warranted to explore these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Amezdroz
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L Carpenter
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - E O'Callaghan
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Johnson
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - E Waters
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health & Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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27
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A short food-group-based dietary questionnaire is reliable and valid for assessing toddlers' dietary risk in relatively advantaged samples. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:627-37. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Identifying toddlers at dietary risk is crucial for determining who requires intervention to improve dietary patterns and reduce health consequences. The objectives of the present study were to develop a simple tool that assesses toddlers' dietary risk and investigate its reliability and validity. The nineteen-item Toddler Dietary Questionnaire (TDQ) is informed by dietary patterns observed in Australian children aged 14 (n552) and 24 (n493) months and the Australian dietary guidelines. It assesses the intake of ‘core’ food groups (e.g. fruit, vegetables and dairy products) and ‘non-core’ food groups (e.g. high-fat, high-sugar and/or high-salt foods and sweetened beverages) over the previous 7 d, which is then scored against a dietary risk criterion (0–100; higher score = higher risk). Parents of toddlers aged 12–36 months (Socio-Economic Index for Areas decile range 5–9) were asked to complete the TDQ for their child (n111) on two occasions, 3·2 (sd1·8) weeks apart, to assess test–retest reliability. They were also asked to complete a validated FFQ from which the risk score was calculated and compared with the TDQ-derived risk score (relative validity). Mean scores were highly correlated and not significantly different for reliability (intra-class correlation = 0·90, TDQ1 30·2 (sd8·6)v. TDQ2 30·9 (sd8·9);P= 0·14) and validity (r0·83, average TDQ ((TDQ1+TDQ2)/2) 30·5 (sd8·4)v. FFQ 31·4 (sd8·1);P= 0·05). All the participants were classified into the same (reliability 75 %; validity 79 %) or adjacent (reliability 25 %; validity 21 %) risk category (low (0–24), moderate (25–49), high (50–74) and very high (75–100)). Overall, the TDQ is a valid and reliable screening tool for identifying at-risk toddlers in relatively advantaged samples.
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28
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Maternal WIC Participation Improves Breastfeeding Rates: A Statewide Analysis of WIC Participants. Matern Child Health J 2014; 19:136-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Jonsdottir OH, Thorsdottir I, Gunnlaugsson G, Fewtrell MS, Hibberd PL, Kleinman RE. Exclusive breastfeeding and developmental and behavioral status in early childhood. Nutrients 2013; 5:4414-28. [PMID: 24284608 PMCID: PMC3847739 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding during infancy may have beneficial effects on various developmental outcomes in childhood. In this study, exclusively breastfed infants were randomly assigned to receive complementary foods from the age of 4 months in addition to breast milk (CF, n = 60), or to exclusively breastfeed to 6 months (EBF, n = 59). At 18 months and again at 30–35 months of age, the children were evaluated with the Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status questionnaire (PEDS) and the Brigance Screens-II. The parents completed the PEDS questionnaire at both time intervals and the children underwent the Brigance Screens-II at 30–35 months. At 30–35 months, no significant differences were seen in developmental scores from the Brigance screening test (p = 0.82). However, at 30–35 months a smaller percentage of parents in group CF (2%) had concerns about their children’s gross motor development compared to those in group EBF (19%; p = 0.01), which remained significant when adjusted for differences in pre-randomization characteristics (p = 0.03). No sustained effect of a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was seen on selected measures of developmental and behavioral status at 18 months, although at 30–35 months, a smaller percentage of parents of children introduced to complementary foods at four months of age expressed concerns about their gross motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof H. Jonsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata 29, Reykjavik 101, Iceland; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +354-543-1452; Fax: +354-543-4824
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata 29, Reykjavik 101, Iceland; E-Mail:
| | - Geir Gunnlaugsson
- Directorate of Health and Reykjavik University, Reykjavik 101, Iceland; E-Mail:
| | - Mary S. Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Patricia L. Hibberd
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Ronald E. Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mail:
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30
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Golley RK, Smithers LG, Mittinty MN, Emmett P, Northstone K, Lynch JW. Diet quality of U.K. infants is associated with dietary, adiposity, cardiovascular, and cognitive outcomes measured at 7-8 years of age. J Nutr 2013; 143:1611-7. [PMID: 23946339 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.170605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the influence of pregnancy diet and milk feeding on children's health and development is well characterized, the role of early food intake and eating behaviors is largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine whether the degree of adherence to complementary feeding guidelines was associated with dietary, obesity, cardiovascular, and cognitive outcomes at 7-8 y of age. Data were analyzed from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children using parent-completed dietary questionnaires at 6 mo of age to calculate a Complementary Feeding Utility Index score. Regression analysis was used to explore associations between the index score and dietary patterns derived via principal component analysis (n = 4326), body-mass index (BMI) (n = 4801), waist circumference (n = 4798), blood pressure (n = 4685), and lipids (n = 3232) measured at age 7 y; and intelligence quotient (IQ) measured at age 8 y (n = 4429) after adjustment for covariates. The index score was negatively associated with a "processed" dietary pattern (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.13; P < 0.001) but positively associated with a "health conscious" dietary pattern [β = 0.18 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.21); P < 0.001]. A higher index score was also positively associated with total, verbal, and performance IQ scores at 8 y of age [β = 1.92 (95%CI: 1.38, 2.47); P < 0.001 for total IQ). The index score was weakly associated with waist circumference [β = -0.15 (95%CI: -0.31, -0.002); P = 0.046] and diastolic blood pressure [β = -0.24 (95%CI: -0.47, -0.01); P = 0.043] at 7 y of age but was not associated with BMI or other cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that adherence to current complementary feeding guidelines may have implications for some, but not all, health and development outcomes in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Golley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Praticò G, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Baldassarre ME, Delfini M, Miccheli A. Exploring human breast milk composition by NMR-based metabolomics. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:95-101. [PMID: 24079341 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.843180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk is a complex fluid evolutionarily adapted to satisfy the nutritional requirements of growing infants. In addition, milk biochemical and immunological components protect newborns against infective agents in the new environment. Human milk oligosaccharides, the third most abundant component of breast milk, are believed to modulate the microbiota composition, thus influencing a wide range of physiological processes of the infant. Human milk also contains a number of other bioactive compounds, the functional role of which has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this scenario, NMR-based metabolic profiling can provide a rapid characterisation of breast milk composition, thus allowing a better understanding of its nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Praticò
- a Department of Chemistry , Sapienza University of Rome , p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome , Italy
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Maheshwari R, Trivedi A, Walker K, Holland AJA. Retrospective cohort study of long-gap oesophageal atresia. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49:845-9. [PMID: 23782058 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Long-gap oesophageal atresia (LGOA) remains a rare variant of a relatively common congenital malformation. Objectives of this study were to review the short-term results including survival, length of stay and post-operative complications for infants with LGOA managed at a single centre in addition to their growth and neurodevelopmental assessment. METHODS Retrospective review of the case notes of all infants admitted with oesophageal atresia to our institution from January 2001 to May 2011. Infants with LGOA were selected based on pre-defined criteria. Demographic and clinical variables and details of follow-up visits including developmental assessments were extracted from their case notes. RESULTS Of 101 infants with oesophageal atresia, 15 fulfilled the criteria for LGOA. Overall survival was 80%. Median length of stay was 83 days. Additional congenital anomalies were present in nine (60%). A fall in weight centile during hospitalisation or outpatient follow-up signifying growth failure was seen in a majority with 11 of 13 patients showing this phenomenon. Follow-up at our institution ranged from 6 months to 9 years. Developmental assessments (Bayley-III) commenced in August 2006 were available in four patients (age 5-13 months) and were abnormal in all, with particular delay in the gross motor domain. CONCLUSIONS Infants with LGOA spend a long time in hospital. They remain at significant risk of growth failure during hospitalisation and following discharge. There appears to be a risk of developmental delay that warrants close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Maheshwari
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Migraine A, Nicklaus S, Parnet P, Lange C, Monnery-Patris S, Des Robert C, Darmaun D, Flamant C, Amarger V, Rozé JC. Effect of preterm birth and birth weight on eating behavior at 2 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:1270-7. [PMID: 23615831 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants frequently present eating difficulties in early childhood. Determinants of these difficulties are not known. OBJECTIVE We assessed the influence of neonatal and maternal characteristics on eating behaviors at 2 y of age. DESIGN The following 2 cohorts were compared: 234 preterm children born <33 wk of gestational age from the POLYmorphisme génétique, Nutrition et Comportement Alimentaire cohort and 245 term children from the Observation des Préférences ALImentaires du Nourrisson et de l'Enfant cohort. Eating behaviors were assessed by using the validated Children's Eating Difficulties Questionnaire, which assesses the following 2 dimensions: a low drive to eat and narrow food repertoire. Each dimension was graded from 2 to 10 with more severe difficulties reflected by a higher score. Children in the upper quintile were classified as having eating disorders. RESULTS Compared with term children, preterm children had a worse drive-to-eat score (4.3 ± 1.6 compared with 3.6 ± 1.5, respectively; P = 0.001) and a marginally lower food-repertoire score (5.0 ± 1.5 compared with 4.8 ± 1.6, respectively; P = 0.05). In a multilevel logistic regression model, female sex [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.88; P = 0.025] and birth weight less than -1 z score (aOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.47, 5.67; P = 0.002) but not gestational age were associated with a worse drive to eat. A maternal level of education beyond high school was associated with lower risk of a poor food-repertoire score (aOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.90; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Preterm children have more eating difficulties than term children do, but after adjustment for maternal and neonatal characteristics, gestational age is not associated with impaired eating behaviors at the age of 2 y. Female sex, a low maternal level of education, and less than -1 SD intrauterine growth are associated with eating difficulties at 2 y of age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00663572.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Migraine
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Rose O, Blanco E, Martinez SM, Sim EK, Castillo M, Lozoff B, Vaucher YE, Gahagan S. Developmental scores at 1 year with increasing gestational age, 37-41 weeks. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e1475-81. [PMID: 23589812 PMCID: PMC3639464 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between gestational age and mental and psychomotor development scores in healthy infants born between 37 and 41 weeks. METHODS The cohort included 1562 participants enrolled during infancy in an iron deficiency anemia preventive trial in Santiago, Chile. All participants were healthy, full-term (37-41 weeks) infants who weighed 3 kg or more at birth. Development at 12 months was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Using generalized linear modeling, we analyzed the association between gestational age and 1-year-old developmental status, taking into account potential confounders including birth weight percentile, gender, socioeconomic status, the home environment, iron status, and iron supplementation. RESULTS For each additional week of gestation, the Mental Development Index increased by 0.8 points (95% confidence interval = 0.2-1.4), and the Psychomotor Development Index increased by 1.4 points (95% confidence interval = 0.6-2.1) controlling for birth weight percentile, gender, socioeconomic status, and home environment. CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of healthy full-term infants, developmental scores obtained using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 months increased with gestational age (37-41 weeks). There is increasing evidence that birth at 39 to 41 weeks provides developmental advantages compared with birth at 37 to 38 weeks. Because cesarean deliveries and early-term inductions have increased to 40% of all births, consideration of ongoing brain development during the full-term period is an important medical and policy issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Division of Child Development and Community Health and
| | - Estela Blanco
- Division of Child Development and Community Health and
| | | | - Eastern Kang Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcela Castillo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yvonne E. Vaucher
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Division of Child Development and Community Health and,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
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Arrow P, Raheb J, Miller M. Brief oral health promotion intervention among parents of young children to reduce early childhood dental decay. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:245. [PMID: 23509932 PMCID: PMC3610190 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe untreated dental decay affects a child's growth, body weight, quality of life as well as cognitive development, and the effects extend beyond the child to the family, the community and the health care system. Early health behavioural factors, including dietary practices and eating patterns, can play a major role in the initiation and development of oral diseases, particularly dental caries. The parent/caregiver, usually the mother, has a critical role in the adoption of protective health care behaviours and parental feeding practices strongly influence children's eating behaviours. This study will test if an early oral health promotion intervention through the use of brief motivational interviewing (MI) and anticipatory guidance (AG) approaches can reduce the incidence of early childhood dental decay and obesity. METHODS The study will be a randomised controlled study with parents and their new-born child/ren who are seen at 6-12 weeks of age by a child/community health nurse. Consenting parents will complete a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, behaviours, self-efficacy, oral health fatalism, parenting stress, prenatal and peri-natal health and socio-demographic factors at study commencement and at 12 and 36 months. Each child-parent pair will be allocated to an intervention or a standard care group, using a computer-generated random blocks. The standard group will be managed through the standard early oral health screening program; "lift the lip". The intervention group will be provided with tailored oral health counselling by oral health consultants trained in MI and AG.Participating children will be examined at 24, and 36 months for the occurrence of dental decay and have their height and weight recorded. Dietary information obtained from a food frequency chart will be used to determine food and dietary patterns. Data analysis will use intention to treat and per protocol analysis and will use tests of independent proportions and means. Multivariate statistical tests will also be used to take account of socio-economic and demographic factors in addition to parental knowledge, behaviour, self-efficacy, and parent/child stress. DISCUSSION The study will test the effects of an oral health promotion intervention to affect oral health and general health and have the potential to demonstrate the "common risk factor" approach to health promotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: http://ACTRN12611000997954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arrow
- WA Dental Health Services, 43 Mt Henry Road Como, 6152 Western Australia, and the Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, 122 Frome Street, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Joseph Raheb
- Department of Dental Hygiene and Therapy, Curtin University, C/ Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Margaret Miller
- Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mt Lawley, Western Australia , 6050, Australia
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Thorisdottir AV, Gunnarsdottir I, Thorsdottir I. Revised infant dietary recommendations: the impact of maternal education and other parental factors on adherence rates in Iceland. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:143-8. [PMID: 23134449 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Revised infant dietary recommendations from the Icelandic Nutrition Council (Nutrition: the first twelve months. Reykjavík, Iceland: The Icelandic Nutrition Council, 2003) are outlined in a booklet provided during free postnatal care. These focus on increasing the duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding and reducing cow's milk consumption. This study explored whether maternal education and other parental factors affected whether mothers followed the recommendations. METHODS Mothers of randomly selected healthy infants (n = 200) completed questionnaires on body mass index (BMI), age, education (basic, medium and higher), household income, smoking and parental factors. Dietary data were collected during home visits by a researcher (0-4 months) and through monthly food records completed by parents or caregivers (5-12 months). RESULTS Each maternal education level increased breastfeeding duration by 0.72 months (95% CI = 0.04, 1.39) and reduced cow's milk consumption by 36.7 mL/day (95% CI = -70.11, -3.03), when adjusted for maternal BMI, age, smoking and family income. Maternal education was not associated with duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding was inversely associated with maternal BMI, B = -0.10 (95% CI = -0.16, -0.05) and -0.13 (95% CI = -0.23, -0.03), respectively. CONCLUSION Mothers with higher education appear to have adapted more easily to the revised recommendations on infant diet, particularly when their infants are 6-12 months old. Higher maternal BMI was associated with shorter duration of both exclusive and total breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Vala Thorisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; School of Health Sciences; University of Iceland & Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik; Iceland
| | - Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; School of Health Sciences; University of Iceland & Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik; Iceland
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; School of Health Sciences; University of Iceland & Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik; Iceland
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Impact of nutrition since early life on cardiovascular prevention. Ital J Pediatr 2012; 38:73. [PMID: 23259704 PMCID: PMC3543392 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries and it is related to the atherosclerotic process. Cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, accelerate the atherosclerotic process which begins in childhood and progresses throughout the life span. The cardiovascular disease risk factor detection and management through prevention delays the atherosclerotic progression towards clinical cardiovascular disease. Dietary habits, from prenatal nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding to childhood and adolescence nutrition play a basic role for this topic. The metabolic and neuroendocrine environment of the fetus is fundamental in the body’s “metabolic programming”. Further several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on cardiovascular risk factors reduction. Moreover the introduction of complementary foods represents another important step, with particular regard to protein intake. An adequate distribution between macronutrients (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) is required for correct growth development from infancy throughout adolescence and for prevention of several cardiovascular disease risk determinants in adulthood. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of nutrition since early life on disease. La malattia cardiovascolare rappresenta la principale causa di morbilità e mortalità dei paesi occidentali ed è correlata a degenerazione vascolare aterosclerotica. I fattori di rischio cardiovascolari quali dislipidemia, ipertensione, insulino resistenza e obesità accelerano tale processo il cui esordio è noto sin dell’età pediatrica ed evolve nel corso della vita. L’individuazione e la cura dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari mediante la prevenzione dei fattori causali ritardano la progressione dell’aterosclerosi e l’insorgenza dei sintomi cardiovascolari. La nutrizione svolge un ruolo preventivo fondamentale sin dall’epoca prenatale e nelle diverse età della crescita. La condizione metabolica e neuro-endocrino cui è sottoposto il feto è rilevante per la “programmazione metabolica”. E’ dimostrata inoltre l’importanza delle modalità di allattamento e divezzamento con particolare interesse per l’assunzione di proteine nel controllo dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari. La corretta distribuzione di macronutrienti (lipidi, proteine e carboidrati) dall’infanzia all’adolescenza favorisce una crescita corretta e risulta utile a prevenire l’insorgenza dei determinanti di rischio di malattia cardiovascolare in età adulta. Nella presente review verrà esaminato l’impatto della nutrizione dalle più precoci fasi delle vita sul rischio cardiovascolare.
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Lee MS, Huang LY, Chang YH, Huang STY, Yu HL, Wahlqvist ML. Lower birth weight and diet in Taiwanese girls more than boys predicts learning impediments. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 33:2203-2212. [PMID: 22796640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Possible links between lower birth weight, childhood diet, and learning in Taiwan are evaluated. The population representative Elementary School Children's Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2001-2002 and the national birth registry were used to examine school and social performance using the modified Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance questionnaires in relation to diet quality by the Youth Healthy Eating Index-Taiwan and birth weight of children aged 6-13 years (n=2283). Lower birth weight (≤15th percentile: ≤2850 g for boys and ≤2700 g for girls) children were mostly from mountainous areas and of indigenous descent. Compared to normal birth weight, lower birth weight girls experienced greater inability to learn and weaker overall competence. Better diet quality predicted more favorable emotional and behavioral outcomes in lower birth weight girls, and this persisted with adjustment for covariates. None of these findings were evident among boys. Girls' cognitive and social development appears to be susceptible to diet quality and birth weight, such that the adverse risk of lower birth weight on school performance may be offset by improved diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meei-Shyuan Lee
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minchuan East Road, Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC.
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Bove I, Miranda T, Campoy C, Uauy R, Napol M. Stunting, overweight and child development impairment go hand in hand as key problems of early infancy: Uruguayan case. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:747-51. [PMID: 22560815 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting, overweight and child development impairment are key problems affecting early infancy and have short and long-term consequences on academic performance, social competence and adult health. The aim of this paper is to identify linkages and factors that may simultaneously contribute to these problems. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study. SUBJECTS 2,046 children under 5 years in Canelones, Uruguay. OUTCOME MEASURES For simultaneous assessment of the relationship between stunting, overweight and child development impairment we used multiple logistic regression analyses. We included children, household, maternal and paternal variables as confounder factors. To give the strength of association we performed odds ratios (OR). A significant OR was defined as upper and lower 95% confidence limits not containing the value of one. Significance level was <0.05. RESULTS Low birthweight was a risk for stunting OR: 3.2 (1.8-5.6) and for reduced head circumference growth OR: 3.9 (1.9-8.0); infants with reduced head circumference had an increased chance of delayed psychomotor development OR: 2.4 (1.17-5.07) and of being stunted OR: 3.2 (1.7-6.3); stunted infants had almost three times risk of being overweight OR: 2.7 (1.8-4.1). Maternal stature <160 cm, low BMI, low education and poverty were also predictor for stunting. Obese mother, maternal stature >160 cm and maternal smoking increased chance of overweight. Some maternal behaviors, such as mother not used to singing songs and maternal smoking increased the likelihood of delaying psychomotor development. CONCLUSIONS The close linkages between stunting, being overweight and child development impairment suggest they should be targeted together: they coexist in the same infants and predict each other.
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Jeong KH, Nguyen V, Kim JH. Human milk oligosaccharides: the novel modulator of intestinal microbiota. BMB Rep 2012; 45:433-41. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.8.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Impact of a strategy to prevent the introduction of non-breast milk and complementary foods during the first 6 months of life: a randomized clinical trial with adolescent mothers and grandmothers. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:357-61. [PMID: 22001312 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the disadvantages of introducing non-breast milk and the early introduction of complementary foods are known, such practices are common worldwide. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of counseling about breastfeeding and complementary feeding in preventing the introduction of non-breast milk and complementary foods in the first 6 months. METHODS This randomized clinical trial enrolled 323 adolescent mothers and their newborns and 169 maternal grandmothers; 163 mothers and 88 grandmothers received five counseling sessions on breastfeeding while in the hospital and at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, and one session on complementary feeding at 120 days. Data about infant feeding were collected monthly. The impact was evaluated by comparing the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the time of introduction of non-breast milk and complementary foods of the control and intervention groups. Median time of introduction of milk was calculated in the two groups. RESULTS The survival curves showed that the intervention postponed the introduction of non-breast milk and complementary foods. At 4 months, 41% (95% CI, 32.8-49.2) of the infants in the control group received complementary foods in comparison to 22.8% (95% CI, 15.9-29.7) of the intervention group. Counseling postponed the introduction of non-breast milk, which occurred at 95 days (95% CI, 8.7-111.3) in the control group and at 153 days (95% CI, 114.6-191.4) in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Counseling sessions on infant's first 4 months were an efficacious strategy to prevent the introduction of non-breast milk and complementary foods in the 6 months of life.
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Sociodemographic determinants of early weaning: a Finnish birth cohort study in infants with human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Public Health Nutr 2012; 16:296-304. [PMID: 22607723 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the most important sociodemographic determinants of age at introduction of complementary foods in infancy. DESIGN A prospective birth cohort with increased risk of type 1 diabetes, recruited between 1996 and 2004. The families completed at home a follow-up form on the age at introduction of new foods and, for each clinic visit, a structured dietary questionnaire with 3 d food records. SETTING Data from the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Project, Finland. SUBJECTS A cohort of 5991 infants (77 % of those invited) belonging to the DIPP Nutrition Study. RESULTS Sixty-three per cent of the infants were introduced to complementary foods, including infant formula, before the age of 4 months. The median age at introduction of infant formula was 1·5 months (range 0-18 months) and that of the first other complementary food 3·5 months (range 0·7-8 months). All sociodemographic and lifestyle factors studied were associated with the age at introduction of infant formula and/or first other complementary food. Female sex of the infant, being born in the southern region of Finland, living in a rural municipality, the presence of siblings, the mother or the father being a high-school graduate, high maternal professional education and maternal non-smoking during pregnancy predicted later introduction of complementary foods. CONCLUSIONS Compliance was relatively poor with the current recommendations for the age of introducing complementary foods. Small-sized young families with less well-educated parents were most prone to introduce complementary foods early.
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Laitala VS, Hjelmborg J, Koskenvuo M, Räihä I, Rinne JO, Christensen K, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Shorter adult stature increases the impact of risk factors for cognitive impairment: a comparison of two Nordic twin cohorts. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 14:544-52. [PMID: 22506310 DOI: 10.1375/twin.14.6.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the association between mean height and old age cognition in two Nordic twin cohorts with different childhood living conditions. The cognitive performance of 4720 twin individuals from Denmark (mean age 81.6 years, SD = 4.59) and Finland (mean age 74.4 years, SD = 5.26) was measured using validated cognitive screens. Taller height was associated with better cognitive performance in Finland (beta-estimates 0.18 SD/10cm, p value < .001, for men and 0.13 SD, p = .008, for women), but this association was not significant in Denmark (beta-estimates 0.0093 SD, p value = .16, for men and 0.0075 SD, p value = .016, for women) when adjusted for age and education/social class. Among Finnish participants higher variability of cognitive performance within shorter height quintiles was observed. Analysis using gene-environment interaction models showed that environmental factors exerted a greater impact on cognitive performance in shorter participants, whereas in taller participants' it was explained mainly by genetic factors. Our results suggest that shorter participants with childhood adversity are more vulnerable to environmental risk factors for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venla S Laitala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Veldwijk J, Fries MCE, Bemelmans WJE, Haveman-Nies A, Smit HA, Koppelman GH, Wijga AH. Overweight and school performance among primary school children: the PIAMA birth cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:590-6. [PMID: 22030985 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between overweight and school performance among primary school children prospectively and including a broad range of potential confounding factors. In addition it was investigated what factors mediate this association. For this purpose, data of 2,159 12-year-old children who participated in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study were used. Two indicators of school performance were parental reported when children were 12 years of age and included (i): the score on a standardized achievement test that Dutch children have to complete at the end of their primary education (Cito)-test and (ii): the teacher's advice regarding a child's potential performance level in secondary education. Children's height and weight were measured by a trained research assistant at the age of 8 and by their parents at the age of 12. Overweight was defined using age and gender specific cut-off points. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the association between overweight and school performance. Besides, both confounder and mediation analyses were conducted. Results showed lower Cito-test scores and lower teacher's school-level advice among overweight children. These associations were no longer significant when adjusting for parental educational level, skipping breakfast, and screen time. This study found no independent association between overweight and school performance among primary school children. Results showed strong confounding by parental educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien Veldwijk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Savino F, Lupica MM, Liguori SA, Fissore MF, Silvestro L. Ghrelin and feeding behaviour in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88 Suppl 1:S51-5. [PMID: 22285781 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The importance of early life events in the development of metabolic diseases is well recognized. Early postnatal environment, including nutrition, is key to future health, and this is particularly true for preterm infants. It is important that these infants receive sufficient nutrients to prevent growth restriction and promote neurodevelopment, while minimizing predisposition to metabolic diseases later in life. Feeding habits are the fundamental elements of nutrition and are influenced by many factors, including personal and familial habits, socioeconomic status, and cultural environment. In the last decades, there has been an important scientific interest toward the comprehension of the molecular and neural mechanisms regulating appetite. In these networks, act many peptide hormones produced in brain or gut, among which ghrelin is important because of its action in the short-term regulation of food intake and the long-term regulation of body weight. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and plays a role in regulating feeding behaviour. Ghrelin levels vary from fetal life through to early adulthood, with the highest levels observed in the very early years. Cord ghrelin levels have been evaluated in term and preterm newborns and high ghrelin levels have been observed in small-for-gestational age newborns and in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction. Moreover, ghrelin has been detected in term and preterm human breast milk, suggesting that it may play a role in the development of neuroendocrine pathways regulating appetite and energy homeostasis in early life. However, more research is required to better define ghrelin's role in breast milk and on feeding behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- Department of Paediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
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Smithers LG, Golley RK, Brazionis L, Lynch JW. Characterizing whole diets of young children from developed countries and the association between diet and health: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:449-67. [PMID: 21790612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is an important nutritional period that involves the transition from a milk-based diet to ordinary foods. A systematic review was conducted of studies that applied whole-of-diet analysis of children aged 1-5 years to examine associations between diet and nutrition, health, and development. Literature searches identified 40 articles using dietary indices, principal component analysis, or cluster analysis. Reports that applied indices (n = 23, 18 indices) were cross-sectional, and most measured diet quality or variety. Articles reporting principal component or cluster analyses (n =17) described between two and six dietary patterns, and most identified healthy, unhealthy, and traditional patterns. In cross-sectional analyses, mixed associations were found between index or pattern scores and nutrient intake (n = 10), nutritional biomarkers (n = 1), and anthropometry (n = 10). Five reports from two birth cohorts showed healthier dietary patterns were associated with better lean mass, cognition, and behavior, but not with bone mass or body mass index at later ages. Few studies have characterized the diets of children under 5 years of age and linked diet with health. Given the limited evidence, research establishing the predictive validity of whole-of-diet methods in childhood is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Smithers
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Saldiva SRDM, Venancio SI, Gouveia AGC, Castro ALDS, Escuder MML, Giugliani ERJ. Influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27:2253-62. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011001100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar a influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras. Analisaram-se dados de 18.929 crianças da II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras - 2008. As frequências do consumo de chá, sucos, leite artificial e mingau/papa foram calculadas para as capitais das cinco regiões brasileiras. Curvas do consumo foram obtidas pela análise de logitos e estimativas das razões de prevalência (RP) por modelos de Poisson. O consumo de leite artificial foi maior quando comparado aos demais alimentos em todas as capitais. As capitais do Sul apresentaram a maior razão de prevalência para o consumo de chá (RP = 2,37) e as do Nordeste e Sudeste, para o consumo de outros tipos de leite (RP = 1,50 e 1,47) e de suco (RP = 1,57 e 1,55). Nas capitais do Nordeste, o consumo precoce de mingau/papa foi maior (RP = 3,0). A região tem influência no consumo precoce de alimentos, o que deve ser levado em consideração na elaboração de políticas públicas.
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Nutrient intake variability and number of days needed to assess intake in preschool children. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:130-40. [PMID: 21679478 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510005167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The duration of the period of time during which diet should be recorded for sufficiently accurate results on the usual intake of an individual is an especially challenging issue in prospective studies among children. We set out to describe nutrient intake variability in preschoolers and to determine the number of record days required (D) to estimate intake of energy and thirty-two nutrients. The diet and the use of dietary supplements were assessed with three consecutive daily food records including one weekend day in 1639 children participating in the population-based birth cohort of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Project (DIPP) in Finland. Variance ratios and D stratified by sex and age groups were calculated for 455 (1-year-old), 471 (3-year-old) and 713 (6-year-old) children (born between 1998 and 2003). Within:between variance ratios and D increase with increasing age, and are slightly higher for girls. Vitamin A, cholesterol, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, β-carotene and folate intakes require the most replicates. Including supplemental intake has an impact on the variance estimates according to the proportion of supplement users. In the DIPP Nutrition Study with 3 d food records, the correlation coefficients between observed and true intakes of energy and thirty-two nutrients averaged 0·91 in 1-year-old children, 0·79 in 3-year-old children and 0·74 in 6-year-old children. For providing accurate nutrient intake estimates, three replicates of food records are reasonable in 1-year-old children but must be questioned for several nutrients in 3- and 6-year-old children. The accuracy of ranking boys is greater than that for girls.
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Tromp IIM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Lebon A, Renders CM, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, de Jongste JC, Moll HA. The introduction of allergenic foods and the development of reported wheezing and eczema in childhood: the Generation R study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 165:933-8. [PMID: 21646571 DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the timing of introduction of the allergenic foods cow's milk, hen's egg, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, and gluten is associated with eczema and wheezing in children 4 years of age or younger. DESIGN Population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. SETTING Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from April 2002 through January 2006. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6905 preschool children participating in the Generation R study. MAIN EXPOSURE Timing of introduction of cow's milk, hen's egg, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, and gluten collected by questionnaires at 6 and 12 months of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Information on the outcomes eczema and wheezing were obtained by questions from the age-adapted version of the "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood" core questionnaire and questionnaire data on parentally reported physician diagnosis for eczema. RESULTS Of 6905 children, wheezing was reported in 31% at age 2 years and in 14% at ages 3 and 4 years. Eczema was reported in 38%, 20%, and 18% of children at the ages of 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively. The introduction of cow's milk, hen's egg, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, and gluten before the age of 6 months was not significantly associated with eczema or wheezing at any age after adjustment for potential confounders (P > .10 for all comparisons). The results did not alter after stratification according to the child's history of cow's milk allergy and parental history of atopy. CONCLUSION This study does not support the recommendation for delayed introduction of allergenic foods after age 6 months for the prevention of eczema and wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse I M Tromp
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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50
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Drossard C, Alexy U, Bolzenius K, Kunz C, Kersting M. Anthocyanins in the diet of infants and toddlers: intake, sources and trends. Eur J Nutr 2011; 50:705-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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