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Harris V, Pifer R, Shannon P, Crary M. Comparative Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Adhesion to a Poly-(2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine)-Modified Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:vision7010027. [PMID: 36977307 PMCID: PMC10056565 DOI: 10.3390/vision7010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common causative agent associated with microbial keratitis. During contact lens wear, pathogens may be introduced into the ocular environment, which might cause adverse events. Lehfilcon A is a recently developed contact lens with a water gradient surface composed of polymeric 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). MPC is re-ported to impart anti-biofouling properties onto modified substrates. Therefore, in this in vitro experimental study, we tested the capability of lehfilcon A to resist adhesion by P. aeruginosa. Quantitative bacterial adhesion assays using five strains of P. aeruginosa were conducted to compare the adherence properties of lehfilcon A to five currently marketed silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses (comfilcon A, fanfilcon A, senofilcon A, senofilcon C, and samfilcon A). Compared to lehfilcon A, we observed 26.7 ± 8.8 times (p = 0.0028) more P. aeruginosa binding to comfilcon A, 30.0 ± 10.8 times (p = 0.0038) more binding to fanfilcon A, 18.2 ± 6.2 times (p = 0.0034) more binding to senofilcon A, 13.6 ± 3.9 times (p = 0.0019) more binding to senofilcon C, and 29.5 ± 11.8 times (p = 0.0057) more binding to samfilcon A. These results demonstrate that, for various strains of P. aeruginosa, lehfilcon A reduces bacterial adhesion compared to other contact lens materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reed Pifer
- Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
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2
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Evaluation of Serratia marcescens Adherence to Contact Lens Materials. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010217. [PMID: 36677509 PMCID: PMC9861737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a risk associated with the use of contact lenses for cosmetic purposes or vision correction. In this in vitro experimental study, we examined the ability of the ocular pathogen Serratia marcescens to adhere to monthly or biweekly replacement contact lenses. We performed quantitative adhesion assays to evaluate the adherence of S. marcescens to seven contact lens materials: comfilcon A, senofilcon A, omafilcon B, fanfilcon A, balafilcon A, senofilcon C, and lehfilcon A. Lehfilcon A is a newly marketed silicon hydrogel contact lens with a surface modification of poly-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC). PMPC has previously been demonstrated to be an effective anti-biofouling treatment for numerous surfaces. We observed low S. marcescens adherence to lehfilcon A compared to other materials. We demonstrate the use of the fluorescent dye 5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester to covalently stain live cells prior to material adhesion studies.
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3
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Nie L, Li Y, Liu Y, Shi L, Chen H. Recent Applications of Contact Lenses for Bacterial Corneal Keratitis Therapeutics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122635. [PMID: 36559128 PMCID: PMC9786638 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal keratitis is a common but severe infectious disease; without immediate and efficient treatment, it can lead to vision loss within a few days. With the development of antibiotic resistance, novel approaches have been developed to combat corneal keratitis. Contact lenses were initially developed to correct vision. Although silicon hydrogel-based contact lenses protect the cornea from hypoxic stress from overnight wear, wearing contact lenses was reported as an essential cause of corneal keratitis. With the development of technology, contact lenses are integrated with advanced functions, and functionalized contact lenses are used for killing bacteria and preventing infectious corneal keratitis. In this review, we aim to examine the current applications of contact lenses for anti-corneal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan 317600, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Huiyun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan 317600, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (H.C.)
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4
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Enhancing the Mechanical Behaviour and Antibacterial Activity of Bioepoxy Using Hybrid Nanoparticles for Dental Applications. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:2124070. [PMID: 35401755 PMCID: PMC8989560 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate capability of handling several forces exerted inside the mouth, and preventing the adhesion and proliferation of oral microorganisms are among the most vital factors for achieving effective alternative dental materials to the damaged native. Nevertheless, lack of mechanical and antimicrobial properties of dental resins hinders their use in most clinical applications in dentistry. In the present study, the main aim was to provide bioepoxy composite biomaterials that could meet the required mechanical and antibacterial properties for dental related fields. Herein, highly biocompatible epoxy and hybrid reinforcing materials were utilised to produce a composite material, which could have features resembling those of original dental parts. Various weight fractions of nanosilver/nano-alumina particles at 1, 2, and 3 wt% were incorporated into the bioepoxy for improving the mechanical and antibacterial characteristics of the biocompatible epoxy resin. Three-point bending and Izod impact tests were performed to evaluate the flexure and impact strengths of the obtained nanocomposites. The morphology of pristine bioepoxy and nanoparticle reinforced bioepoxy composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of these fillers on the bioepoxy resin antibacterial sensitivity was assessed using the agar diffusion technique. Nanofiller contents have been revealed to have a remarkable role to play in tuning the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites; the flexure strength and modulus were higher when the total ratio of hybrid reinforcement was 2 wt%. In contrast, the addition of higher percentage of hybrid nanoparticles could cause deterioration in the flexure characteristics of nanocomposites, yet they were better than those of pristine epoxy. Regarding the impact strength, the enhancement in this property was only observed for the composite containing 1 wt% of AgNps-Al2O3; the impact strength was dropped gradually beyond this ratio. The antibacterial effectiveness of the nanocomposites was demonstrated to positively depend on the increase in AgNps mass fraction. Among all evaluated unmodified and modified bioepoxy, the nanocomposite containing 2.5 wt% of AgNps had the higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the attainable outcomes, the prepared composites, particularly at moderate levels of Al2O3-AgNps, could provide biocomposites having the potential to be utilised in several biomedical fields, particularly in dental technology.
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Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Toluee E, Saberi R, Dadi Moghadam Y, Fakhar M, Akhtari J. In vitro anti- Acanthamoeba activity of the commercial chitosan and nano-chitosan against pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotype T4. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:921-929. [PMID: 34789973 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but serious infection of the eye and can lead to blindness. The effective and safe medical therapy remains unclear for AK until present. Antimicrobial activity and biological characteristic of chitosan encourage screening of it against Acanthamoeba. Thus, in vitro anti-amoebic activities of commercial chitosan and nano-chitosan were tested on pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotype T4, a causative agent of human AK. The Acanthamoeba spp. was isolated from the keratitis patient. The Acanthamoeba genotype T4 was approved using PCR method followed by sequencing technique. Chitosan nanoparticles was prepared using ionic gelation method and characterized by their physicochemical properties. In the present study, the in vitro activity of serial dilutions (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µL/mL) of commercial chitosan and nano-chitosan were evaluated against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. The finding of nano-chitosan particle size by DLS was 118 nm with a PDI of about 0.134. Zeta potential value was found to be 42.7 mV. The obtained results showed that the tested chitosan and nano-chitosan presented anti-amoebic activities dependent to time and concentration. The inhibitory effect of the chitosan and nano-chitosan is enhanced by increasing the concentration and incubation time. The inhibitory effect of nano-chitosan on both trophozoites and cyst was more than chitosan. According to the results, nano-chitosan shows the potent activity against Acanthamoeba T4 and could be used for the development of novel and safe therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Elahe Toluee
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Saberi
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yousef Dadi Moghadam
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.,Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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6
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Kalaiselvan P, Konda N, Pampi N, Vaddavalli PK, Sharma S, Stapleton F, Kumar N, Willcox MDP, Dutta D. Effect of Antimicrobial Contact Lenses on Corneal Infiltrative Events: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:32. [PMID: 34191016 PMCID: PMC8254012 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.7.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether Mel4-coated antimicrobial contact lenses (MACLs) can reduce the incidence of corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) during extended wear. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-masked, single-center, contralateral, extended contact lens wear clinical trial was conducted with 176 subjects. Each participant was randomly assigned to wear a MACL in one eye and an uncoated control contact lens in the contralateral eye or an extended-wear biweekly disposable modality for 3 months. The main outcome measures were the incidence of CIEs per 100 eye-months, identification of the microbial types colonizing the contact lenses or eyes at the time of the CIEs, and their susceptibility to Mel4. Results Nine participants (5.1%) experienced unilateral CIEs; six participants had contact lens acute red eye, and three participants had infiltrative keratitis. The incidence rate for CIEs (0.4 events per 100 participant months; 1.7%) in the Mel4-coated lenses (test) was 69% less than that of the control lenses (1.3 events per 100 participant months; 3.4%; P = 0.29). All Gram-negative bacteria isolated from lenses and lids of participants with CIEs (Citrobacter diversus, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, and Acinetobacter lwoffii) were susceptible to Mel4 peptide; minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 15.6 to 62.5 µg/mL. Reduction of adhesion of these bacteria by Mel4-coated lenses ranged from 2.1 to 2.2 log10 colony-forming units/lens. Conclusions MACLs had the capacity to reduce CIEs by at least 50% compared with uncoated control lenses during extended wear over 3 months; however, due to the relatively low rates of CIEs, the reduction was not statistically different compared with control lenses. Translational Relevance This study provides evidence that antimicrobial contact lenses have the potential to reduce the incidence of corneal infiltrative events during extended wear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraju Konda
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nending Pampi
- Bausch & Lomb Contact Lens Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pravin Krishna Vaddavalli
- Bausch & Lomb Contact Lens Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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7
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CLEAR - Contact lens wettability, cleaning, disinfection and interactions with tears. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:157-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Jones L, Hui A, Phan CM, Read ML, Azar D, Buch J, Ciolino JB, Naroo SA, Pall B, Romond K, Sankaridurg P, Schnider CM, Terry L, Willcox M. CLEAR - Contact lens technologies of the future. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:398-430. [PMID: 33775384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses in the future will likely have functions other than correction of refractive error. Lenses designed to control the development of myopia are already commercially available. Contact lenses as drug delivery devices and powered through advancements in nanotechnology will open up further opportunities for unique uses of contact lenses. This review examines the use, or potential use, of contact lenses aside from their role to correct refractive error. Contact lenses can be used to detect systemic and ocular surface diseases, treat and manage various ocular conditions and as devices that can correct presbyopia, control the development of myopia or be used for augmented vision. There is also discussion of new developments in contact lens packaging and storage cases. The use of contact lenses as devices to detect systemic disease has mostly focussed on detecting changes to glucose levels in tears for monitoring diabetic control. Glucose can be detected using changes in colour, fluorescence or generation of electric signals by embedded sensors such as boronic acid, concanavalin A or glucose oxidase. Contact lenses that have gained regulatory approval can measure changes in intraocular pressure to monitor glaucoma by measuring small changes in corneal shape. Challenges include integrating sensors into contact lenses and detecting the signals generated. Various techniques are used to optimise uptake and release of the drugs to the ocular surface to treat diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, infection and allergy. Contact lenses that either mechanically or electronically change their shape are being investigated for the management of presbyopia. Contact lenses that slow the development of myopia are based upon incorporating concentric rings of plus power, peripheral optical zone(s) with add power or non-monotonic variations in power. Various forms of these lenses have shown a reduction in myopia in clinical trials and are available in various markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong.
| | - Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Michael L Read
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitri Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Buch
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph B Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Brian Pall
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen Romond
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Padmaja Sankaridurg
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Louise Terry
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yee A, Walsh K, Schulze M, Jones L. The impact of patient behaviour and care system compliance on reusable soft contact lens complications. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:101432. [PMID: 33678542 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reusable soft daily wear contact lenses (CLs) remain popular and were fit to just over half of all wearers in the most recent international CL prescribing survey. Unlike daily disposable CLs, reusables require cleaning and disinfecting after every use, along with storage in a CL case. These additional requirements add a number of steps to the daily wear and care routine, increasing the opportunities for CL wearers to exhibit non-compliant behaviour. The impact of non-compliance ranges from poor lens comfort through to potentially sight-threatening infective keratitis. The coronavirus pandemic has refocused the profession on the importance of hand hygiene in particular, and the need for promoting safe CL wear in general. This review summarises typical non-compliant behaviour related to reusable CLs, and examines strategies and opportunities to better support wearers. Patient education has a central role in encouraging compliant behaviour, although patient recall of information is low, and personal belief systems may result in continuation of non-compliant behaviour despite awareness of the risks. CL care solutions are required for the daily disinfection of lenses, however misuse of multipurpose solutions (MPS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based care systems can challenge their ability to be fully efficacious. Standard efficacy testing is reviewed, with consideration of how well current protocols model real-world use of CL solutions. Although some recommendations are in place for the inclusion of additional variables such as lens cases, CL materials, organic soil and efficacy against Acanthamoeba, opportunity still exists to reevaluate global standards to ensure consistency of testing in all markets. Finally, potential future innovations are discussed which may further support increased safety in reusable lens wear through novel antimicrobial additions to both CL materials and cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Yee
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Karen Walsh
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Marc Schulze
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Canada.
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Hendiger EB, Padzik M, Żochowska A, Baltaza W, Olędzka G, Zyskowska D, Bluszcz J, Jarzynka S, Chomicz L, Grodzik M, Hendiger J, Piñero JE, Grobelny J, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Lorenzo-Morales J. Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of three multipurpose contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:624. [PMID: 33353560 PMCID: PMC7754594 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are cosmopolitan, widely distributed protozoans that cause a severe, vision-threatening corneal infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The majority of the increasing number of AK cases are associated with contact lens use. Appropriate eye hygiene and effective contact lens disinfection are crucial in the prevention of AK because of the lack of effective therapies against it. Currently available multipurpose contact lens disinfection systems are not fully effective against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. There is an urgent need to increase the disinfecting activity of these systems to prevent AK infections. Synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently studied and proposed as a new generation of anti-microbial agents. It is also known that some plant metabolites, including tannins, have anti-parasitic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-amoebic activity and cytotoxicity of tannic acid-modified silver NPs (AgTANPs) conjugated with selected multipurpose contact lens solutions. METHODS The anti-amoebic activities of pure contact lens care solutions, and NPs conjugated with contact lens care solutions, were examined in vitro by a colorimetric assay based on the oxido-reduction of alamarBlue. The cytotoxicity assays were performed using a fibroblast HS-5 (ATCC CRL-11882) cell line. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test using P < 0.05 as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS We show that the NPs enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activities of the tested contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity profiles. The activities are enhanced within the minimal disinfection time recommended by the manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS The conjugation of the selected contact lens solutions with AgTANPs might be a novel and promising approach for the prevention of AK infections among contact lens users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta B. Hendiger
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żochowska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Zyskowska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julita Bluszcz
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jarzynka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Hendiger
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20 Nowowiejska Street, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
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11
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Farrag HMM, Mostafa FAAM, Mohamed ME, Huseein EAM. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger and its antiamoebic effect against Allovahlkampfia spelaea trophozoite and cyst. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108031. [PMID: 33091422 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi represent an interesting candidate for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has many industrial and biomedical indications. We aimed in this work to biologically synthesize silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus niger and to evaluate its effect against the newly identified Allovahlkampfia spelaea that causes resistant human keratitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aspergillus niger (soil isolate) was treated with silver nitrate to produce silver nanoparticles. AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The effect of the synthesized nanoparticles against Allovahlkampfia spelaea growth, encystation, excystation, and toxicity in host cells was evaluated. RESULTS AgNPs exhibited significant inhibition of Allovahlkampfia spelaea viability and growth of both trophozoites and cysts, with a reduction of amoebic cytotoxic activity in host cells. CONCLUSION AgNPs may give a promising future to the treatment of Allovahlkampfia spelaea infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiam Mohamed Mahmoud Farrag
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mona Embarek Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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12
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Khan SA, Lee CS. Recent progress and strategies to develop antimicrobial contact lenses and lens cases for different types of microbial keratitis. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:101-118. [PMID: 32622052 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although contact lenses are widely used for vision correction, they are also the primary cause of a number of ocular diseases such as microbial keratitis (MK), etc. and inflammatory events such as infiltrative keratitis (IK), contact lens acute red eye (CLARE), contact lens-induced peripheral ulcer (CLPU), etc. These diseases and infiltrative events often result from microbial contamination of lens care solutions and lens cases that can be exacerbated by unsanitary lens care and extended lens wear. The treatment of microbial biofilms (MBs) on lens cases and contact lenses are complicated and challenging due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial lens care solutions. More importantly, MK caused by MBs can lead to acute visual damage or even vision impairment. Therefore, the development of lens cases, lens care solutions, and contact lenses with effective antimicrobial performance against MK will contribute to the safe use of contact lenses. This review article summarizes and discusses different chemical approaches for the development of antimicrobial contact lenses and lens cases employing passive surface modifications, antimicrobial peptides, free-radical fabricating agents, quorum sensing quenchers, antibiotics, antifungal drugs and various metals and coatings with antimicrobial nanomaterials. The benefits and shortcomings of these approaches are assessed, and alternative solutions for future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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13
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Dhand C, Ong CY, Dwivedi N, Varadarajan J, Halleluyah Periayah M, Jianyang Lim E, Mayandi V, Goh ETL, Najjar RP, Chan LW, Beuerman RW, Foo LL, Loh XJ, Lakshminarayanan R. Mussel-Inspired Durable Antimicrobial Contact Lenses: The Role of Covalent and Noncovalent Attachment of Antimicrobials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3162-3173. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Dhand
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
| | - Chun Yan Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
| | - Jayasudha Varadarajan
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Mercy Halleluyah Periayah
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Edward Jianyang Lim
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Venkatesh Mayandi
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Raymond P. Najjar
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 Singapore
- Visual Neuroscience Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Roger W. Beuerman
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 Singapore
| | - Li Lian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857 Singapore
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14
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Chatterjee S, Upadhyay P, Mishra M, M. S, Akshara MR, N. K, Zaidi ZS, Iqbal SF, Misra SK. Advances in chemistry and composition of soft materials for drug releasing contact lenses. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36751-36777. [PMID: 35517957 PMCID: PMC9057048 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery has always been a challenging feat to achieve in the field of medical sciences. One of the existing methods of non-invasive ocular drug delivery is the use of eye drops. However, drugs administered through these formulations have low bioavailability in the ocular system. This limitation can been overcome by using contact lenses as drug delivery vehicles. According to USA FDA definitions they can be categorized into two main categories-hard and soft contact lenses. Based on the material properties, hard contact lenses are mostly produced from polymers of acrylate monomers such as MMA (methyl methacrylate). These have the least water retention capacity, thereby, having minimal ability to diffuse oxygen into the corneal layer and are not ideal for long term use. Soft material contact lenses are flexible and are mainly hydrogel based. They have higher water retention capacities as compared to rigid contact lenses, which gives them the ability to transmit oxygen to the corneal layer. These hydrogel based soft materials are mainly produced from polymers of acrylate monomers such as HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and found to be better for drug delivery contact lenses. These polymer-based soft materials have been efficiently modified in terms of their chemistry to achieve diverse physicochemical properties to produce efficient ocular drug delivery systems. However, complications such as drug leaching during storage and distribution, sterilisation, preservation of integrity of the lens and the possibility of surface roughness due to the incorporated drug molecules still need to be optimised. This review highlights the chemistries of various polymeric molecules through which physicochemical properties can be modified to achieve optimum drug loading and sustained release of the drug for application in the ocular system. Contact lens as controllable route for ocular drug delivery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Prashant Upadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Manjul Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Srividya M.
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - M. R. Akshara
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Kamali N.
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Zahra Sifat Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Sayeda F. Iqbal
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
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15
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Khan NA, Anwar A, Siddiqui R. Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Current Status and Urgent Research Priorities. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5711-5726. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180510125633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:First discovered in the early 1970s, Acanthamoeba keratitis has remained a major eye infection and presents a significant threat to the public health, especially in developing countries. The aim is to present a timely review of our current understanding of the advances made in this field in a comprehensible manner and includes novel concepts and provides clear directions for immediate research priorities.Methods:We undertook a search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature and also summarized our published results in this field.Results:The present review focuses on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in details which can provide access to management and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. This coupled with the recently available genome sequence information together with high throughput genomics technology and innovative approaches should stimulate interest in the rational design of preventative and therapeutic measures. Current treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis is problematic and often leads to infection recurrence. Better understanding of diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and therapeutic regimens, would lead to novel strategies in treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Aveyard J, Deller RC, Lace R, Williams RL, Kaye SB, Kolegraff KN, Curran JM, D'Sa RA. Antimicrobial Nitric Oxide Releasing Contact Lens Gels for the Treatment of Microbial Keratitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37491-37501. [PMID: 31532610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is a serious sight threatening infection affecting approximately two million individuals worldwide annually. While antibiotic eye drops remain the gold standard treatment for these infections, the significant problems associated with eye drop drug delivery and the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance has meant that there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. In this work, a nitric oxide releasing contact lens gel displaying broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against two of the most common causative pathogens of microbial keratitis is described. The contact lens gel is composed of poly-ε-lysine (pεK) functionalized with nitric oxide (NO) releasing diazeniumdiolate moieties which enables the controlled and sustained release of bactericidal concentrations of NO at physiological pH over a period of 15 h. Diazeniumdiolate functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the concentration of NO released from the gels was determined by chemiluminescence. The bactericidal efficacy of the gels against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was ascertained, and between 1 and 4 log reductions in bacterial populations were observed over 24 h. Additional cell cytotoxicity studies with human corneal epithelial cells (hCE-T) also demonstrated that the contact lens gels were not cytotoxic, suggesting that the developed technology could be a viable alternative treatment for microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aveyard
- School of Engineering , University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill , Liverpool L69 3GH , United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Deller
- School of Engineering , University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill , Liverpool L69 3GH , United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lace
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases Department of Eye and Vision Science , University of Liverpool , Apex Building, West Derby Street , Liverpool L7 8TX , United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Williams
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases Department of Eye and Vision Science , University of Liverpool , Apex Building, West Derby Street , Liverpool L7 8TX , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Kaye
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Department of Corneal and External Eye Diseases , Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Liverpool L7 8XP , United Kingdom
| | - Keli N Kolegraff
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 601 North Caroline Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - Judith M Curran
- School of Engineering , University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill , Liverpool L69 3GH , United Kingdom
| | - Raechelle A D'Sa
- School of Engineering , University of Liverpool , Brownlow Hill , Liverpool L69 3GH , United Kingdom
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17
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Mourad R, Helaly F, Darwesh O, Sawy SE. Antimicrobial and physicomechanical natures of silver nanoparticles incorporated into silicone-hydrogel films. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 42:325-333. [PMID: 30827719 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated in silicone-hydrogel films on their physicochemical properties and microbial activity were investigated. METHODS Silicone-hydrogel composite films (SiHCFs) were prepared by in-situ chemical reduction of silver ions added in different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) followed by ultraviolet (UV) casting. The reduction of silver ions into AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and absorption spectroscopy over ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) wavelengths. Incorporation of AgNPs into SiHCFs was confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic mapping. The physico- mechanical properties of the SiHCFs were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were assessed. RESULTS TEM, UV-vis absorption, SEM, and EDX mapping showed that silver ions were reduced in the mixture of co-polymerizing monomers and incorporation of AgNPs into SiHCFs was achieved. Mechanical properties of the SiHCFs were enhanced with increasing AgNPs concentration without affecting their chemical and thermal properties. SiHCFs exhibited transmittance greater than 90% at a wavelength 600 nm. Bacterial growths in the solutions bathing the SiHCFs with increasing silver concentration were 95, 78, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0% respectively, for Escherichia coli; 95, 82, 4, 0.6, 0, 0, 0% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and 93, 79, 4, 0.5, 0, 0, 0% for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of AgNPs into SiHCFs demonstrated sufficient release of AgNPs to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce biofilm formation, with collateral enhancement of some mechanical properties of SiHCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Mourad
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fahima Helaly
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Darwesh
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa El- Sawy
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Development of Silicone Hydrogel Antimicrobial Contact Lenses with Mel4 Peptide Coating. Optom Vis Sci 2018; 95:937-946. [PMID: 30234828 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study investigated the development of an antimicrobial coating on silicone hydrogel contact lenses that may have the capacity to reduce contact lens-related infection and inflammatory events. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop an effective antimicrobial coating for silicone hydrogel contact lenses by attachment of Mel4 peptide. METHODS Lotrafilcon A, comfilcon A, somofilcon A, senofilcon A, and lotrafilcon B silicone hydrogel contact lenses were plasma coated with acrylic acid followed by Mel4 antimicrobial peptide immobilization by covalent coupling. Peptide immobilization was quantified by x-ray electron spectroscopy. Contact lens diameter, base curve, center thickness, and lens surface wettability were measured by captive-bubble contact-angle technique. Antimicrobial activity of the lenses was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by viable plate count and also after soaking with artificial tears solution for 1 day. In vivo safety and biocompatibility were determined in an animal model for 1 week. RESULTS Mel4 peptide-coated silicone hydrogel contact lenses were associated with high antimicrobial inhibition (>2 log), except for lotrafilcon B and senofilcon A. Lotrafilcon B did not exhibit any activity, whereas senofilcon A showed 1.4- and 0.7-log inhibition against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. X-ray electron spectroscopy revealed significant increases in the lens surface-bound amide nitrogen in all contact lenses except for lotrafilcon B. All contact lens parameters remained unchanged except for the base curve and center thickness for senofilcon A. Mel4 immobilization was associated with a decrease in contact angle. Mel4-coated contact lens wear was not associated with any signs or symptoms of ocular irritation in a rabbit model study. Reduced antimicrobial activity was observed with all the lenses after soaking with artificial tears solution or rabbit wear. CONCLUSIONS Mel4 antimicrobial coating may be an effective option for development of antimicrobial silicone hydrogel contact lenses.
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19
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Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic agent against Acanthamoeba. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3519-3525. [PMID: 30112674 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae belonging to Acanthamoeba genus are widely distributed protozoans which are able to cause infection in humans and other animals such as keratitis and encephalitis. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a vision-threatening corneal infection with currently no available fully effective treatment. Moreover, the available therapeutic options are insufficient and are very toxic to the eye. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective anti-amoebic agents. Nanotechnology approaches have been recently reported to be useful for the elucidation antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoal activities and thus, they could be a good approach for the development of anti-Acanthamoeba agents. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the activity and cytotoxicity of tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles, pure silver nanoparticles and pure gold nanoparticles against clinical strains of Acanthamoeba spp. The obtained results showed a significant anti-amoebic effect of the tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles which also presented low cytotoxicity. Moreover, tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles were well absorbed by the trophozoites and did not induce encystation. On the other hand, pure silver nanoparticles were only slightly active against the trophozoite stage and pure gold nanoparticles did not show any activity. In conclusion and based on the observed results, silver nanoparticle conjugation with tannic acid may be considered as potential agent against Acanthamoeba spp.
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20
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Xiao A, Dhand C, Leung CM, Beuerman RW, Ramakrishna S, Lakshminarayanan R. Strategies to design antimicrobial contact lenses and contact lens cases. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2171-2186. [PMID: 32254560 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contact lens wear is a primary risk factor for developing ocular complications, such as contact lens acute red eye (CLARE), contact lens-induced peripheral ulcer (CLPU) and microbial keratitis (MK). Infections occur due to microbial contamination of contact lenses, lens cases and lens care solution, which are exacerbated by extended lens wear and unsanitary lens care practices. The development of microbial biofilms inside lens cases is an additional complication, as the developed biofilms are resistant to conventional lens cleaning solutions. Ocular infections, particularly in the case of MK, can lead to visual impairment or even blindness, so there is a pressing need for the development of antimicrobial contact lenses and cases. Additionally, with the increasing use of bandage contact lenses and contact lenses as drug depots and with the development of smart contact lenses, contact lens hygiene becomes a therapeutically important issue. In this review, we attempt to compile and summarize various chemical strategies for developing antimicrobial contact lenses and lens cases by using silver, free-radical producing agents, antimicrobial peptides or by employing passive surface modification approaches. We also evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each system and tried to provide input to future directions. Finally, we summarize the developing technologies of therapeutic contact lenses to shed light on the future of contact lens applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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21
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Anwar A, Khan NA, Siddiqui R. Combating Acanthamoeba spp. cysts: what are the options? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:26. [PMID: 29316961 PMCID: PMC5759203 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. are protist pathogens and causative agents of serious infections including keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Its ability to convert into dormant and highly resistant cysts form limits effectiveness of available therapeutic agents and presents a pivotal challenge for drug development. During the cyst stage, Acanthamoeba is protected by the presence of hardy cyst walls, comprised primarily of carbohydrates and cyst-specific proteins, hence synthesis inhibition and/or degradation of cyst walls is of major interest. This review focuses on targeting of Acanthamoeba cysts by identifying viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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22
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Kim JH, Park H, Seo SW. In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on the surface of PDMS with high antibacterial activity and biosafety toward an implantable medical device. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:33. [PMID: 29214127 PMCID: PMC5702623 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a straightforward method to fabricate antibacterial silicon films via the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. To grow AgNPs attached on the film, AgNP seeds were synthesized through the reduction of silver ions electrostatically bound to hydroxyl groups formed on the surface of the film after treatment with air plasma. In the growth reaction, silver ions were reduced on the seeds of AgNPs by sodium citrate in a solution of AgNO3, which allowed for the formation of AgNPs with sizes of up to ~ 500 nm, which The formed AgNPs on the films were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometer, scattering electron microscope and induced coupled mass spectrometer. The amount of AgNPs was estimated to be less than 0.05% of the total film weight. Even though it was coated with a small amount of AgNPs, the PDMS film exhibited reduction of E. coli and S. aureus with values of log10 4.8 and log10 5.7, respectively. The biosafety of the AgNP-attached PDMS film was examined by contact of cells with the film or film eluent. Counting of viable cells revealed no significant cytotoxicity of the in situ-fabricated AgNPs on the PDMS film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hyun Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 701-310 South Korea
| | - HyeungWoo Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 701-310 South Korea
| | - Soo Won Seo
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 701-310 South Korea
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23
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Kumar SSD, Houreld NN, Kroukamp EM, Abrahamse H. Cellular imaging and bactericidal mechanism of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against human pathogenic bacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:259-269. [PMID: 29172133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant attention in medicinal, biomedical, and pharmaceutical research owing to their valuable physicochemical and antibacterial properties. Leaf sap extract (LSE) from Aloe arborescens can be used as an active ingredient for different biological applications, including wound healing. In this study, we have investigated the use of LSE from A. arborescens as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agent to produce AgNPs during the so called "green synthesis" (G-AgNPs). The objective of this study was to prepare, characterize and evaluate the potential of G-AgNPs against human pathogenic bacteria for the intended use as treatment of infected wounds. When the mixture of silver nitrate solution and LSE was exposed to direct sunlight it yielded a rapid color change from colorless to reddish-brown, indicating the formation of G-AgNPs. Physicochemical characterization such as Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, High resolution transmission electron microscopy and surface chemistry studies (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction) revealed a small size in the range of 38±2nm, smooth surface and existence of LSE on the G-AgNPs. G-AgNPs possessed good antibacterial activity against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The flow cytometry study revealed the increased percentage of dead cells treated by G-AgNPs through cell membrane damage, and it was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Thus, the present study reveals that the novel G-AgNPs demonstrated effective antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains and shows great potential for its use in the treatment of pathogen infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eve M Kroukamp
- Spectrum Central Analytical Facility, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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24
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Helaly FM, El-Sawy SM, Hashem AI, Khattab AA, Mourad RM. Synthesis and characterization of nanosilver-silicone hydrogel composites for inhibition of bacteria growth. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 40:59-66. [PMID: 27693238 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanosilver-silicone hydrogel (NAgSiH) composites for contact lenses were synthesized to asses the antimicrobial effects. METHODS Silicone hydrogel (SiH) films were synthesized followed by impregnation in silver nitrate solutions (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80ppm) and in-situ chemical reduction of silver ions using sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The silver nano particles (AgNPS) were identified by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping and EDX spectrum. Physico-mechanical and chemical properties of NAgSIH films were studied. The antimicrobial effect of the hydrogels against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. The numbers of viable bacterial cells on NAgSiH surface or in solution compared to control SiH were examined. RESULTS The NAgSiH films were successfully synthesized. FTIR results indicated that AgNPS had no effect on the bulk structure of the prepared SiH films. From TGA analysis, NAgSiH(R80) and SiH(R0) films had the same maximum decomposition temperature (404°C). UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and EDX mapping and spectrum emphasized that AgNPS were in spherical shape. The maximum absorption wavelength of NAgSiH films were around 400nm. The light transmittance decreased as the concentration of AgNPS increased, but still greater than 90% at wavelength around 555nm. The Young's modulus increased gradually from 1.06MPa of SiH(R0) to highest value 1.38MPa of NAgSiH(R80). AgNPS incorporated into SiH films reduced the bacterial cell growth and prevented colonization. Groups NAgSiH(R60,R80) demonstrated an excellent reduction in bacterial viability in solution and on the SiH surface. CONCLUSIONS NAgSiH composites were successfully synthesized and possessed an excellent antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Helaly
- Department of polymers and Pigments, Division of Chemical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M El-Sawy
- Department of polymers and Pigments, Division of Chemical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A I Hashem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasiya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A Khattab
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M Mourad
- Department of polymers and Pigments, Division of Chemical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Shayani Rad M, Khameneh B, Sabeti Z, Mohajeri SA, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Soft Contact Lens Materials: The Effect of Monomer Composition. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1286-1293. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shayani Rad
- Student Research Committee (SRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sabeti
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Effect of Daily Contact Lens Cleaning on Ocular Adverse Events during Extended Wear. Optom Vis Sci 2015; 92:157-66. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Biomedical Uses of Silver Nanoparticles: From Roman Wine Cups to Biomedical Devices. SILVER NANOPARTICLE APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11262-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Contact lenses as drug reservoirs & delivery systems: the successes & challenges. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:1085-100. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conventional eye drops comprise over 90% of the marketed ocular dosage forms, they do have limitations, such as poor ocular drug bioavailability and systemic side effects; contact lenses are amongst the new delivery systems and devices that could overcome some of these problems. The most common approach to load drug molecules into contact lenses includes soaking in a drug solution. This approach had some success, but failed to achieve controlled/sustained drug release to the eye. On the other hand, nanoreservoir systems comprising nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, liposomes or surfactant aggregates being incorporated into the contact lenses could offer a plausible solution. This review highlights the status quo with contact lenses as ocular drug-delivery carriers and identifies possible future directions.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Overnight lens wear is associated with increased lens contamination and risk of developing a corneal infiltrate or infectious event. Antibacterial lenses have been proposed as a potential strategy for reducing lens contamination. A proof-of-principle study was conducted to investigate what effect control of potential pathogens, through the use of antibiotic eye drops, would have on the incidence of corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) and on the ocular microbiota and lens contamination. METHODS This is a prospective, open-label, controlled, parallel-group, 1-month clinical study in which 241 subjects were dispensed with lotrafilcon A silicone hydrogel lenses for 30 days of continuous wear. Subjects were randomized into either test (moxifloxacin 0.5%) or control (rewetting solution) group. One drop was instilled into each eye on waking and before sleeping, while lenses were on-eye. Follow-ups were conducted after one night and 1 month. Lid margin swabs were taken at baseline and at 1 month and worn lenses were aseptically collected at 1 month. RESULTS The incidence of CIEs was not significantly different between the test (2.6%) and control (3.9%) groups (p = 0.72). Microorganism levels from the test group swabs were significantly lower than those from the control group (p = 0.001). Gram-positive bacteria were less frequently recovered from lower lid swabs from the test group (39.6% vs. 66.0% [p < 0.001], test vs. control, respectively) or from contact lens samples (1.9% vs. 10.5% [p = 0.015], test vs. control, respectively), but there was no difference in gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Corneal infiltrative events were associated with higher levels of lens contamination (p = 0.014) and contamination of lenses with GNB (CIE: 7.3% vs. 0.6% [p = 0.029], GNB contamination vs. no GNB contamination, respectively). DISCUSSION Twice-daily antibiotic instillation during continuous wear of lenses did not significantly influence the rate of inflammatory events. Corneal infiltrative events were associated with higher levels of lens contamination in general and with contamination by GNB specifically.
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Tran PL, Hamood AN, Reid TW. Antimicrobial Coatings to Prevent Biofilm Formation on Medical Devices. SPRINGER SERIES ON BIOFILMS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-53833-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A laboratory assessment of factors that affect bacterial adhesion to contact lenses. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:1268-81. [PMID: 24833224 PMCID: PMC4009790 DOI: 10.3390/biology2041268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of pathogenic microbes, particularly bacteria, to contact lenses is implicated in contact lens related microbial adverse events. Various in vitro conditions such as type of bacteria, the size of initial inoculum, contact lens material, nutritional content of media, and incubation period can influence bacterial adhesion to contact lenses and the current study investigated the effect of these conditions on bacterial adhesion to contact lenses. There was no significant difference in numbers of bacteria that adhered to hydrogel etafilcon A or silicone hydrogel senofilcon A contact lenses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhered in higher numbers compared to Staphylococcus aureus. Within a genera/species, adhesion of different bacterial strains did not differ appreciably. The size of initial inoculum, nutritional content of media, and incubation period played significant roles in bacterial adhesion to lenses. A set of in vitro assay conditions to help standardize adhesion between studies have been recommended.
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Fazly Bazzaz BS, Khameneh B, Jalili-Behabadi MM, Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Mohajeri SA. Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial study of a hydrogel (soft contact lens) material impregnated with silver nanoparticles. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2013; 37:149-52. [PMID: 24121010 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contact lenses that incorporate antimicrobial properties may reduce the risk for microbial-associated adverse events for lens wearers. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles (NP) when impregnated in a hydrogel material. METHODS Hydrogel disks, used as a proxy for soft contact lenses, were prepared with silver NPs to add an antimicrobial effect to the polymer. Six groups of disks were created, each with a different concentration of silver NPs. The antimicrobial effect of the hydrogels against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC15442) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538) was evaluated at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. RESULTS Silver NP concentrations ranged from 20.71 to 98.06 μg/disk. All groups demonstrated excellent antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa at each time point. After 6h all disks didn't exhibit desirable antibacterial activity against S. aureus; whereas except those with 20.71 μg silver NPs showed antibacterial activity at 24h and only the disks with 57.13 and 98.06 μg silver NPs showed antimicrobial activity at 48 and 72 h. CONCLUSIONS The development of contact lenses made of a silver NP-impregnated hydrogel material may bring antimicrobial effects sufficient to decrease the risk of microbial-related adverse events for lens wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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The effect of daily lens replacement during overnight wear on ocular adverse events. Optom Vis Sci 2013; 89:1674-81. [PMID: 23160441 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0b013e31827731ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Compared with daily disposable wear schedule, continuous wear (CW) or extended wear of contact lenses has been associated with an increased risk of developing an ocular infection. Proof-of-principle studies were conducted to investigate the impact of daily replacement of lenses on the rate of contact lens-related ocular adverse events (AEs) during 30-night CW. METHODS A total of 215 subjects were dispensed with silicone hydrogel lenses on a 30-night CW schedule but replaced lenses daily either each night before sleeping (n = 178 eyes) or each morning after waking (n = 252 eyes). Scheduled clinic visits were conducted at 1 week and 1 month. Neophytes were required to complete 1 week of daily wear before commencing CW. A historical control (n = 191 eyes) using the same site, subject demographics, and visit schedule but monthly lens replacement was used for AE rates. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed a significant reduction in mechanical AEs (0.8 vs 5.2%, p = 0.01) and overall AEs (inflammatory and mechanical events) (4.0 vs 8.9%, p = 0.04) when lenses were replaced each morning compared with being replaced monthly. Estimation of handling-related lens contamination of unworn lenses in a subgroup of subjects showed isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the lenses of 35% of subjects, and 65% of subjects had more than 1000 colony-forming units per lens of gram-positive bacterial contamination. CONCLUSIONS Morning lens replacement during CW reduced mechanical and overall ocular AEs. Replacing lenses at night had no beneficial effects perhaps because the benefit of a fresh lens at night might be partially negated by contamination of the contact lens caused by lens handling before overnight eye closure. Contact lens wearers on an extended wear or CW schedule should be advised to minimize lens handling before sleep to reduce the risk of complications.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Microbial adhesion to contact lenses is believed to be one of the initiating events in the formation of many corneal infiltrative events, including microbial keratitis, that occur during contact lens wear. The advent of silicone hydrogel lenses has not reduced the incidence of these events. This may partly be related to the ability of microbes to adhere to these lenses. The aim of this study was to review the published literature on microbial adhesion to contact lenses, focusing on adhesion to silicone hydrogel lenses. METHODS The literature on microbial adhesion to contact lenses was searched, along with associated literature on adverse events that occur during contact lens wear. Particular reference was paid to the years 1995 through 2012 because this encompasses the time when the first clinical trials of silicone hydrogel lenses were reported, and their commercial availability and the publication of epidemiology studies on adverse events were studied. RESULTS In vitro studies of bacterial adhesion to unworn silicone hydrogel lens have shown that generally, bacteria adhere to these lenses in greater numbers than to the hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based soft lenses. Lens wear has different effects on microbial adhesion, and this is dependent on the type of lens and microbial species/genera that is studied. Biofilms that can be formed on any lens type tend to protect the bacteria and fungi from the effects on disinfectants. Fungal hyphae can penetrate the surface of most types of lenses. Acanthamoeba adhere in greater numbers to first-generation silicone hydrogel lenses compared with the second-generation or hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based soft lenses. CONCLUSION Microbial adhesion to silicone hydrogel lenses occurs and is associated with the production of corneal infiltrative events during lens wear.
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Effect of prophylactic antibiotic drops on ocular microbiota and physiology during silicone hydrogel lens wear. Optom Vis Sci 2012; 89:326-35. [PMID: 22246331 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0b013e318243280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacterial contamination of the contact lens surface has been demonstrated to cause corneal infiltrative events. A reduction in the rate of bacterially driven corneal infiltrative events associated with lens wear is one of the major goals of the contact lens industry. There is a concern over the potential of any antimicrobial strategy that there will be unwanted changes to the ocular microbiota or the development of resistance to the antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prophylactic topical antibiotic instillation during continuous wear of silicone hydrogel lenses on the normal ocular microbiota, the throat microbiota, and the ocular physiology. METHODS Forty-two male subjects were dispensed with lotrafilcon A silicone hydrogel contact lenses for a 3-month, 30 night continuous wear, monthly replacement trial. Subjects were randomized into either tobramycin 0.3% (test) or saline (control) drop group. Two drops were instilled into each eye on waking and before sleep. At monthly visits, lenses were collected aseptically, and ocular and throat swabs were performed, followed by standard microbial recovery and identifications. Any corneal infiltrative event at scheduled or unscheduled visits was recorded. RESULTS Numbers of microbes recovered from eye swabs from the tobramycin (test) group were significantly lower than the control (p = 0.01). Gram-positive cocci were recovered less frequently from the test group (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the numbers and types of microbes recovered from lens samples, or the contamination rate of the lenses between the two groups. There were no changes in the numbers of fungi or bacteria from throat swabs. There was no evidence of changes to resistance profile of microbes in the throat. More eye swabs from the test group (68.5%) were culture-negative than swabs from control (46.5%; p = 0.002). The test group had less corneal staining superiorly (0.0 ± 0.0 vs. 0.3 ± 0.4; p = 0.025) but increased bulbar redness (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4; p < 0.001) at the 3-month visit only, compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there appeared to be a minimal safety risk with 3-month's prophylactic antibiotic drop use during continuous wear of silicone hydrogel lenses. Clinically, antibiotic drop use induced a mild to moderate increase in bulbar redness by the 3-month time-point. Antibiotic use reduced microbiota on lids but did not affect the microbiota of the throat or change resistance to tobramycin.
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Innovation in contact lenses: basic research and clinical science. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2010; 3:123-124. [PMCID: PMC3974298 DOI: 10.1016/s1888-4296(10)70017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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