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Chomicz L, Szaflik JP, Szostakowska B, Izdebska J, Baltaza W, Łazicka-Gałecka M, Kuligowska A, Machalińska A, Zawadzki PJ, Szaflik J. Successive Acanthamoeba Corneal Isolates Identified in Poland Monitored in Terms of In Vitro Dynamics. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1174. [PMID: 37317148 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba cause a sight-threatening infection called Acanthamoeba keratitis. It is considered a rare disease in humans but poses an increasing threat to public health worldwide, including in Poland. We present successive isolates from serious keratitis preliminary examined in terms of the identification and monitoring of, among others, the in vitro dynamics of the detected strains. METHODS Clinical and combined laboratory methods were applied; causative agents of the keratitis were identified at the cellular and molecular levels; isolates were cultivated in an axenic liquid medium and regularly monitored. RESULTS In a phase-contrast microscope, Acanthamoeba sp. cysts and live trophozoites from corneal samples and in vitro cultures were assessed on the cellular level. Some isolates that were tested at the molecular level were found to correspond to A. mauritanensis, A. culbertsoni, A. castellanii, genotype T4. There was variability in the amoebic strain dynamics; high viability was expressed as trofozoites' long duration ability to intense multiply. CONCLUSIONS Some strains from keratitis under diagnosis verification and dynamics assessment showed enough adaptive capability to grow in an axenic medium, allowing them to exhibit significant thermal tolerance. In vitro monitoring that was suitable for verifying in vivo examinations, in particular, was useful to detect the strong viability and pathogenic potential of successive Acanthamoeba strains with a long duration of high dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Independent Public Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Szostakowska
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Izdebska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Independent Public Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Łazicka-Gałecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Independent Public Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-576 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuligowska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Machalińska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł J Zawadzki
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Szaflik
- Laser Eye Microsurgery Centre Clinic of Prof. Jerzy Szaflik, Brand Med Medical Research Centre, 00-215 Warsaw, Poland
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Kuligowska A, Baltaza W, Chomicz L, Machalińska A. Challenges in Acanthamoeba keratitis - treatment efficacy of a sight-threatening disease in a severe case without identified risk factors requiring diagnostic verification. Ann Agric Environ Med 2021; 28:719-723. [PMID: 34969235 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/138635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), the vision-threatening disease caused by the amphizoic, potentially parasitic amoebae is growing threat for public health in Poland and worldwide. The report presents the case of 70-year-old man with severe keratitis admitted to an Ophthalmology Clinic. Before admission, the patient had been treated for 6 months with antibacterial and antifungal drugs in other units, without improvement in the eye condition. The use of in vivo confocal microscopy and in vitro cultivation allowed diagnosis to be verified and AK successfully treated. Awareness of the threat to public health caused by Acanthamoeba spp is still insufficient. If there is failure in response to first line therapy, AK should be taken into account,despite the lack of identified risk factors. In vitro monitoring of amoebic strain can be helpful for prognosis of the course of the corneal disease. Improvement in duration from first symptoms until proper diagnosis is decisive for better treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieszka Kuligowska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Machalińska
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Hendiger EB, Padzik M, Żochowska A, Baltaza W, Olędzka G, Zyskowska D, Bluszcz J, Jarzynka S, Chomicz L, Grodzik M, Hendiger J, Piñero JE, Grobelny J, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Lorenzo-Morales J. Tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of three multipurpose contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:624. [PMID: 33353560 PMCID: PMC7754594 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are cosmopolitan, widely distributed protozoans that cause a severe, vision-threatening corneal infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The majority of the increasing number of AK cases are associated with contact lens use. Appropriate eye hygiene and effective contact lens disinfection are crucial in the prevention of AK because of the lack of effective therapies against it. Currently available multipurpose contact lens disinfection systems are not fully effective against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts. There is an urgent need to increase the disinfecting activity of these systems to prevent AK infections. Synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently studied and proposed as a new generation of anti-microbial agents. It is also known that some plant metabolites, including tannins, have anti-parasitic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-amoebic activity and cytotoxicity of tannic acid-modified silver NPs (AgTANPs) conjugated with selected multipurpose contact lens solutions. METHODS The anti-amoebic activities of pure contact lens care solutions, and NPs conjugated with contact lens care solutions, were examined in vitro by a colorimetric assay based on the oxido-reduction of alamarBlue. The cytotoxicity assays were performed using a fibroblast HS-5 (ATCC CRL-11882) cell line. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test using P < 0.05 as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS We show that the NPs enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activities of the tested contact lens solutions without increasing their cytotoxicity profiles. The activities are enhanced within the minimal disinfection time recommended by the manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS The conjugation of the selected contact lens solutions with AgTANPs might be a novel and promising approach for the prevention of AK infections among contact lens users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta B. Hendiger
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żochowska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Zyskowska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julita Bluszcz
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jarzynka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska Street, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Hendiger
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20 Nowowiejska Street, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias and Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38203 Tenerife, Spain
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Perkowski K, Baltaza W, Conn DB, Marczyńska-Stolarek M, Chomicz L. Examination of oral biofilm microbiota in patients using fixed orthodontic appliances in order to prevent risk factors for health complications. Ann Agric Environ Med 2019; 26:231-235. [PMID: 31232051 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE In recent decades the use of orthodontic appliances in Poland has increased; however, data on their influence on changes of components of the microbiome connected with oral biofilm are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate oral microbiota in terms of their role as risk factors for health complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 100 patients treated with removable or fixed appliances. Oral hygiene and gingival health were determined, and periodontal swabs taken from each patient for parasitological, bacteriological and mycological microscopic and in vitro examinations. RESULTS Oral protists and various pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial and fungal strains were identified in the superficial layer of biofilm. A higher prevalence of bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and various strains of yeast-like fungi from the Candida albicans group, occurred in patients treated with the fixed appliance than in those using a removable appliance or not treated orthodontically. In some periodontal samples from patients treated with fixed appliances, cysts of the Acanthamoeba spp. were found. CONCLUSIONS The use of orthodontic appliances alters the status of the oral cavity; it has impact on the colonization of oral biofilm by opportunistic/pathogenic strains, and increases the risk of their dissemination to various human tissues and organs. Pretreatment examination of oral microbiome, its monitoring particularly during treatment with fixed appliances, and preventive elimination of the potentially pathogenic strains to avoid health complications, are highly recommended, especially in patients with impaired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - David Bruce Conn
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; One Health Center, Berry College, Mount Berry, Georgia, USA.
| | | | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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Padzik M, Hendiger EB, Żochowska A, Szczepaniak J, Baltaza W, Pietruczuk-Padzik A, Olędzka G, Chomicz L. Evaluation of in vitro effect of selected contact lens solutions conjugated with nanoparticles in terms of preventive approach to public health risk generated by Acanthamoeba strains. Ann Agric Environ Med 2019; 26:198-202. [PMID: 30922053 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various Acanthamoeba species are free-living organisms widely distributed in the human environment. Amphizoic amoebae as facultative parasites may cause vision-threatening eye disease - Acanthamoeba keratitis, mostly among contact lens wearers. As the number of cases is increasing, and applied therapy often unsuccessful, proper hygienic measures and effective contact lenses disinfection are crucial for the prevention of this disease. Available contact lens solutions are not fully effective against amphizoic amoebae; there is a need to enhance their disinfecting activity to prevent amoebic infections. The use of developing nanotechnology methods already applied with success in the prevention, diagnostic and therapy of other infectious diseases might be helpful regarding amoebic keratitis. This study assesses the in vitro effect of selected contact lens solutions conjugated with nanoparticles against Acanthamoeba trophozoites. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three selected contact lens solutions conjugated with silver and gold nanoparticles in concentration of 0.25-2.5 ppm were used in vitro against the axenically cultured ATCC 30010 type Acanthamoeba castellanii strain. The anti-amoebic efficacy was examined based on the oxido-reduction of AlamarBlue. The cytotoxicity tests based on the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were performed using a fibroblast HS-5 cell line. RESULTS Enhancement of the anti-amoebic activity of contact lens solutions conjugated with selected nanoparticles expressed in the dose dependent amoebic growth inhibition with a low cytotoxicity profile was observed. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study showed that conjugation of selected contact lens solutions with silver nanoparticles might be a promising approach to prevent Acanthamoeba keratitis among contact lens users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta B Hendiger
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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Padzik M, Baltaza W, Szaflik JP, Hendiger E, Dybicz M, Chomicz L. Comparison of chlorhexidine disinfectant in vitro effect on environmental and ocular Acanthamoeba strains, the amoebic agents of human keratitis − an emerging sight-threatening corneal disease in Poland. Ann Parasitol 2019; 64:229-233. [PMID: 30316219 DOI: 10.17420/ap6403.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small amoebae belonging to the Acanthamoeba genus complete their life cycles in different environmental niches as free-living protists however some of them are facultative parasites that can cause severe disease in humans. The sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis develops in immune-competent persons, mainly in contact lens wearers; it is detected with increasing frequency along with the spread of contact lens use. The high abundance of the amoebae in the environment is important for dispersion and transmission of the infections among humans. Emerging threats for the public health generated by these amoebae is the serious medical problem worldwide. Nonspecific symptoms, similar to those occurring in the other eye diseases, diagnostic mistakes, the delay of an appropriate treatment, an exceptional high resistance of the amoebae to chemicals and drugs result in a prolonged course of the disease and often unsuccessful therapeutic management. Thus, different chemicals are still examined for their potential activity in vitro against various species, strains/isolates of Acanthamoeba. As the prolonged therapy often induces encystation subsequently leading to excystment and recurrences of amoebic keratitis, apart from anti-amoebic activity, cysticidal effect of examined agents is desirable. In the present study, results of our comparative investigations showed that cationic antiseptic chlorhexidine digluconate indicated in vitro anti-amoebic effect on environmental
Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff strain and pathogenic corneal Acanthamoeba polyphaga T4 genotype. Amoebostatic effect of the disinfectant was expressed in reduced number of surviving amoebae in comparison to the respective control cultures; simultaneously, despite prolonged incubation with the agent no stimulation of encystation was noted. The corneal strain was more resistant to the tested compound than the Neff strain. The cysticidal efficacy of chemicals is very expected, thus further in vitro studies on pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains with different application chemicals
pattern are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P. Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Sierakowskiego 13, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Hendiger
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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Baltaza W, Padzik M, Szaflik JP, Perkowski K, Dybicz M, Chomicz L. Evaluation of in vitro effects of selected physical and chemical agents on detected in Poland Acanthamoeba strains – factors of increasing threats for public health. Ann Parasitol 2019; 65:19-25. [PMID: 31095904 DOI: 10.17420/ap6501.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis, the vision-threatening corneal disease reported with increasing frequency in Poland is difficult to treat due to extremely high resistance of the amoeba cysts to chemicals. The agents of possible anti-amoebic activity are still tested. Pathogenic Acanthamoeba samples/isolates acquired from severe cases of keratitis examined by molecular techniques to determine genotypes, compared to one another as well as to the environmental Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff strain were included in the studies. These strains were in vitro examined in terms of their sensitivity/resistance to selected chemicals and tolerance to temperature changes. Samples of the strains cultivated in vitro under bacteria-free conditions were monitored during different growth phases. Higher amoebic population dynamics was observed in both pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains during transfer to 37°C. Agents tested influenced population dynamics in different degree; they showed amoebostatic or amoebicidal effects, however a tendency toward induction of encystment also appeared. Because activation of the dormant cysts can lead to repeated development of amoebae, very important is cysticidal efficacy of chemicals. Further in vitro investigations on various Acanthamoeba strains with different chemicals are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P. Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Sierakowskiego 13, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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Padzik M, Baltaza W, Conn DB, Szaflik JP, Chomicz L. Effect of povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate and toyocamycin on amphizoic amoebic strains, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis - a growing threat to human health worldwide. Ann Agric Environ Med 2018; 25:725-731. [PMID: 30586959 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/99683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Free-living amoebae, ubiquitous in outer environments, in predisposing circumstances may exist as parasites, infectious agents of Acanthamoeba keratitis. In recent decades, the vision-threatening corneal infection is a growing human health threat worldwide, including Poland. The applied therapy is often ineffective due to diagnostic mistakes, various pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba strains and high resistance of cysts to drugs; many agents with possible anti-amoebic activity are still being tested. In the presented study, selected chemicals are investigated in terms of their in vitro effect on corneal and environmental Acanthamoeba strains. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of a corneal isolate from a patient with severe Acanthamoeba keratitis,of assessed on the basis of genotype associations of 18S rRNA and the type strain, Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff cultivated in bacteria-free condition, were exposed to povidone iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate or toyocamycin. In vitro population dynamics of the strains were monitored and compared to those of control cultures. RESULTS All chemicals showed anti-amoebic effects with different degrees of effectiveness. Significant differences were observed in the in vitro population dynamics, and the morpho-physiological status of A. castellanii Neff T4 and corneal strains determined as A. polyphaga T4 genotype, exposed to povidone iodine or toyocamycin, in comparison with chlorhexidine taken as reference. CONCLUSIONS Time-dependent amoebstatic in vitro effects were demonstrated for all agents, in particular, the results of assays with povidone iodine are promising. No significant stimulation of encystation appeared; however, as cysticidal efficacy of chemicals is expected, complementary research is needed on different Acanthamoeba strains with modified agent concentrations and method application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - David Bruce Conn
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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Dybicz M, Perkowski K, Baltaza W, Padzik M, Sędzikowska A, Chomicz L. Molecular identification of Trichomonas tenax in the oral environment of domesticated animals in Poland - potential effects of host diversity for human health. Ann Agric Environ Med 2018; 25:464-468. [PMID: 30260189 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/92309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protozoan Trichomonas tenax is considered to be a human specific flagellate of the oral cavity, found in humans with poor oral hygiene and advanced periodontal disease. Morphological variability and great similarity between species occurring in humans and animals, complicate the specific identification of trichomonads, using microscopic examination and other standard parasitological techniques. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to search for and identify T. tenax in domesticated animals using molecular methods. The obtained data were assessed in terms of potential effects of a spread of the species deriving from the animals in the human environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS 301 animals: 142 dogs, 57 cats and 102 horses, were examined in terms of their mouth status and occurrence of trichomonads. ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 region was amplified and sequenced. RESULTS Finally, 7 dogs, 3 cats and 1 horse were diagnosed positive for T. tenax by PCR. In the oral cavity of 9 /11 animals, gingivitis and dental plaque accumulation were diagnosed. 9 /11 sequences of trichomonad isolates showed 100% identity with T. tenax sequence derived from the GenBank. The sequences of 2 isolates differed by substitutions. CONCLUSIONS It was proved that T. tenax, considered so far as a human specific parasite, can also inhabit the oral cavity of dog, cat and horse. To summarize, T. tenax was detected in the mouths of different domesticated animals, indicating that in Poland it can colonize a wider range of hosts than previously known. The owners of 3 dogs showed oral tissue inflammation of different intensity and were also positive for T. tenax; therefore, oral trichomonosis spread from humans to domestic animals and conversely should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Sędzikowska
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Baltaza W, Padzik M, Szaflik JP, Dybicz M, Hendiger E, Chomicz L. Amoebicidal or amoebostatic influence of disinfectants used in health facilities and laboratories on corneal strains of Acanthamoeba. Ann Parasitol 2018; 63:167-172. [PMID: 29274209 DOI: 10.17420/ap6303.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Different Acanthamoeba species are amphizoic organisms distributed in wide range of habitats in natural and man-made environments; they are also detected on surfaces of equipment and accessories in health facilities. Some strains of the amoebae are causative agents of the vision-threatening human disease Acanthamoeba keratitis, mainly reported in contact lens wearers. An exceptional high resistance of Acanthamoeba trophozoites and particularly cysts to chemicals, disinfectants and drugs is believed as influencing difficulty resulting in unsuccessful therapeutic management. As Acanthamoeba keratitis is the serious medical problem worldwide, different chemicals with possible activity against environmental and clinical Acanthamoeba strains are tested. In our study, selected disinfectants used in health care settings and laboratories were tested and their efficacy against the corneal strains Acanthamoeba castellanii and A. polyphaga , and environmental A. castellanii Neff strain was assessed. Comparative assessment of results of the assays show that, apart from amoebistatic effects, the disinfectants indicated expected cysticidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland,Department of Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki and Wigury 81, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Sierakowskiego 13, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Hendiger
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, University’s Scientific Circle, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Padzik M, Szaflik JP, Baltaza W, Perkowski K, Dybicz M, Chomicz L. In vivo confocal microscopy and in vitro culture techniques as tools for evaluation of severe Acanthamoeba keratitis incidents. Ann Parasitol 2018; 63:341-346. [PMID: 29420872 DOI: 10.17420/ap6304.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amphizoic amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are known as etiological agents of sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis. The leading risk factor for the development of this serious human disease is contact lens wearing which popularity increases worldwide, also in Poland. The disease with active epithelial inflammations, corneal ulcers, including loss of the visual acuity is a serious medical problem as an emerging threat for the public health related to improper contact lens hygiene. The treatment of the amoebic keratitis is difficult, often unsuccessful due to delayed proper diagnosis. The clinical picture of the disease, often with severe course is nonspecific, similar to that occurring in viral, fungal or bacterial keratitis, thus clinical symptoms alone are not sufficient to identify the causative agent of the amoebic infection. Early diagnosis is decisive for the suitable therapeutic management and the treatment efficacy. In our studies, several complicated, difficult to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis incidences pertaining Polish patients using contact lenses have been retrospectively analyzed in terms of the usefulness of non-invasive methods of in vivo confocal microscopy and in vitro culture techniques applied for diagnosis. Hyper-reflective double-walled spherical Acanthamoeba cysts, with a more reflective outer wall were detected in the epithelium and anterior layers of the corneal stroma. In vivo confocal microscopy, if available, may be a valuable, sensitive tool for diagnosis in late identified severe infections mainly with strong viability strains, however confoscan may offer limited value at lowintensity amoebic infections. The microscopic visualization of amoebae in slides prepared directly from corneal scraping and laboratory examinations of specimens from in vitro cultivated corneal isolates allow to confirm or verify results of in vivo examinations, furthermore to identify directly the pathogens and to clarify previous misdiagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P. Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Sierakowskiego 13, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Dybicz M, Perkowski K, Sędzikowska A, Baltaza W, Chomicz L. Studies on prevalence of infection with Trichomonas tenax identified by molecular techniques – in respect to oral health of patients with various systemic disease requiring immunosuppressive therapy. Ann Parasitol 2018; 64:193-197. [PMID: 30316209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichomonas tenax, cosmopolitan flagellate inhabiting human oral cavity, is the etiological agent of oral trichomonosis associated with gingival and periodontium deterioration. Purpose of this studies was to investigate the prevalence of infection with Trichomonas tenax identified by molecular techniques amplifying the region of ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 specific for T. tenax. The study included 498 persons: diabetic, renal transplant, rheumatoid arthritis patients and the control group. Prevalence of T. tenax in oral cavity was 10.2% in control group, 14.1% in diabetics, 12.0% in renal transplant patients and 14.0% in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Comparative assessment of results showed symptoms of gingiva and periodontium deteriorations, at varying intensity in patients with various systemic diseases; higher prevalence of the trichomonad infection was revealed in adults in all groups. Simultaneously, renal transplantation, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and related therapy do not affect T. tenax incidences and no increased risk of the infection has been observed in the patients; the permanent medication used due to main disease should be taken into consideration as likely inhibitory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dybicz
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sędzikowska
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Baltaza W, Padzik M, Szaflik JP, Dybicz M, Grochowska A, Kuryłowicz A, Chomicz L. Comparative examination on selected amphizoic amoebae in terms of their in vitro temperature tolerance – a possible indirect marker of potential pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba strains. Ann Parasitol 2018; 64:317-322. [PMID: 30720969 DOI: 10.17420/ap6404.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba species are ubiquitous in natural and man-made environments worldwide; some strains are able to colonize human eyes as facultative parasites. It has been shown that environmental and clinical isolates/species of Acanthamoeba vary in their pathogenicity. In this study we examine and compare the in vitro effects of the changing temperature on the population dynamics of subsequent amoebic strains. Identification of Acanthamoeba strain by morphological and molecular methods and temperature assays were performed. Monitoring of the corneal and environmental strains showed changes in population densities and a termo-tolerance correlating with pathogenicity of amoebae. Comparative assessment of results indicated differences in viability of amoebic populations in exponential growth phase in vitro cultivation. The increased awareness of the threat is needed for better understanding of impact of factors examined on pathogenesis in human infected with Acanthamoeba strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P. Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Sierakowskiego 13, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Grochowska
- Department of Medical Biology, University’s Scientific Circle “Interactions”, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuryłowicz
- Department of Medical Biology, University’s Scientific Circle “Interactions”, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Dybicz M, Borkowski PK, Padzik M, Baltaza W, Chomicz L. Molecular determination of suspected alveolar echinococcosis requiring surgical treatment in human cases from Poland. Ann Parasitol 2018; 64:339-342. [PMID: 30726664 DOI: 10.17420/ap6404.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study five cases of suspected alveolar echinococcosis from Poland in which surgical treatment was needed, previously diagnosed by means of imaging and serological techniques, were analyzed in terms to identify the causative agent. Samples of the parasite tissues taken perioperatively from the liver lesions were used for the histopathological and molecular examinations. The sequences of all isolates were identical to Echinococcus multilocularis; all nad1 sequences have been deposited in GenBank The histopathological examination revealed Passpositive fragments of laminated layers typical for E. multilocularis metacestode. Obtained results confirm that the use of imaging techniques only may be insufficient to diagnose alveococcosis thus the recognition of the zoonosis should base on several procedures; especially valuable are highly sensitive and specific molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr K. Borkowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Wolska 37, 01-201 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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Zawadzki PJ, Perkowski K, Starościak B, Baltaza W, Padzik M, Pionkowski K, Chomicz L. Identification of infectious microbiota from oral cavity environment of various population group patients as a preventive approach to human health risk factors. Ann Agric Environ Med 2016; 23:566-569. [PMID: 28030924 DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1226847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE This study presents the results of comparative investigations aimed to determine microbiota that can occur in the oral environment in different human populations. The objective of the research was to identify pathogenic oral microbiota, the potential cause of health complications in patients of different population groups. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study included 95 patients requiring dental or surgical treatment; their oral cavity environment microbiota as risk factors of local and general infections were assessed. RESULTS In clinical assessment, differences occurred in oral cavity conditions between patients with malformations of the masticatory system, kidney allograft recipients and individuals without indications for surgical procedures. The presence of various pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial strains in oral cavities were revealed by direct microscopic and in vitro culture techniques. CONCLUSIONS Colonization of oral cavities of patients requiring surgical treatment by the potentially pathogenic bacteria constitutes the threat of their spread, and development of general infections. Assessment of oral cavity infectious microbiota should be performed as a preventive measure against peri-surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł J Zawadzki
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Starościak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Department of Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw
| | | | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Baltaza W, Pionkowski K, Padzik M, Dybicz M, Chomicz L. Effects of some amphizoic amoeba spread in human environments - new incidences of the emerging threat with the vision-threatening disease of public health significance. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Zawadzki PJ, Starościak B, Perkowski K, Baltaza W, Padzik M, Pionkowski K, Chomicz L. Comparative assessment of selected intraoral microorganisms – potential factors for peri-surgical management complications. Ann Parasitol 2016; 62:233-237. [PMID: 27770763 DOI: 10.17420/ap6203.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a comparative analysis of results of investigations involving different human populations, in terms of a relation between the oral cavity health and the species composition of mouth microbiota is reported. The purpose of this analysis was to identify and assess microorganisms that could cause health complications in patients with neoplasm requiring dental problem-related surgical management. The patients with the oral cancer surgically treated and those without neoplasm were assessed for their oral health: status of teeth, gingiva, periodontium, and occurrence of inflammatory processes. From each patient, microorganisms isolated of periodontium, dental plaque, and dental pocket swabs were identified in wet and stained microscopic preparations; standard microbiology in vitro techniques were also applied to determine the fungal and bacterial strains. The comparative analysis of results of direct microscopic examinations and in vitro cultures assessment indicated significant differences in prevalences of fungi, parasitic oral protozoans and bacteriae in particular patient’s groups. Yeast-like fungi belonging to Candida genus, mostly of C. albicans group, were identified in 93.75% patients with the oral cancer, while in 25% of individuals assessed without neoplasm. E. gingivalis amoebae were only found in 12.5% patients with the serious disease; no trichomonads were detected in all patients analyzed. Among bacteria species, potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae were found in the patients with oral cancer. The pronounced shift in the microbiota species composition in the patients who needed prolonged treatment due to oral cavity cancer, compared to other generally healthy persons has been showed in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł J. Zawadzki
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Starościak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Oczki 3, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland,Department of Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul.Żwirki i Wigury 81, 02-091Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Padzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pionkowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Nowogrodzka73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Zawadzki PJ, Perkowski K, Starościak B, Dybicz M, Baltaza W, Pionkowski K, Chomicz L. Evaluation of selected oral cavity microbiota--risk factors of management complications in patients with masticatory system disorders. Ann Parasitol 2016; 62:71-6. [PMID: 27262961 DOI: 10.17420/ap6201.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The retrospective analysis of data on oral cavity clinical status in relation to microbiota species composition is presented. The research regards patients of different age, with and without congenital malformation, pretreatment assessed for occurrence of pathological changes in the masticatory system. Samples of the swabs collected from each patient (from dental plaque, periodontium and dental pockets) were used for identification of oral protozoans in wet slides and stained preparations; additionally, transmission electron microscope examination was performed. The material was used for in vitro cultures to identify bacteria strains. Clinically, intensity of tissue deteriorations was higher in patients with a congenital disease. Alive Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis, species with confirmed pathogenic impact on oral cavity and neighboring structures, were detected with higher prevalence in older patients. Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, various Enterobacteriaceae were more frequently detected in patients with somatic and mental retardations; in mouths of those patients, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa opportunistic strains occurred. Masticatory system abnormalities favor colonization of oral cavity by exogenous species and dissemination of infections, especially dangerous for patients with congenital diseases. Oral microbiota assessment and preventive measures may be helpful to avoid subsequent peri-surgery complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł J Zawadzki
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Perkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Starościak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 3, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Zwirki and Wigury 81, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pionkowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 73, 02-018 Warsaw, Poland
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Zawadzki PJ, Starościak B, Baltaza W, Dybicz M, Pionkowski K, Pawłowski W, Kłyś M, Chomicz L. The threats for human health induced by food pests of Plodia interpunctella as reservoirs of infectious microbiota. Przegl Epidemiol 2016; 70:617-627. [PMID: 28233964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION World-wide distributed pests of Plodia interpunctella occur with increasing frequency also in Poland, in areas where food is prepared and stored, in dwellings, buildings of public use, hospitals. Larvae damage various products causing economic losses. There were no data about microbiota transmission by pests. The aim of our systematic studies firstly conducted in Poland was to explain a role of pests as reservoirs of microbiota and assess health risk induced by them in human environments. MATERIAL AND METHODS 300 adults and 200 larvae, collected in households and health facilities by traps and directly from products, were examined by light microscopy, in vitro cultivations, molecular techniques; the susceptibility /resistance of microbiota to chemicals was also assessed. RESULTS Gram+ bacteriae of genera Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Gram-: Klebsiella, Escherichia, mold fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium and yeast-like fungi were identified, including strains potentially pathogenic for humans. CONCLUSIONS In the European Union countries, the food circulation is audited by the law; chemicals are applied to eliminate P.interpunctella pests causing economic losses. Our successive studies showed that pyralids may generate health problems as food pests and as reservoirs of microbiota. Sources of the pathogenic, drug-resistant strains revealed by us, not identified earlier, may be particularly dangerous for elder persons, with weakened immune system, persons from groups of high risk of infections. The increased awareness of the problem is necessary for more efficacy of preventive measures. A monitoring of consequences of the health risk induced by the pests may supply data useful for adequate practical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł J. Zawadzki
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Clinic of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Implantology
| | - Bohdan Starościak
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology
| | - Wanda Baltaza
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Department of Medical Biology
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Department of Disaster Medicine
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology
| | | | - Witold Pawłowski
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Department of Disaster Medicine
| | - Małgorzata Kłyś
- Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland, Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection
| | - Lidia Chomicz
- Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Department of Medical Biology
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