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Ortiz BT, Rodríguez D, Restrepo S. Prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in fresh chicken carcasses from retail sites in Bogotá, Colombia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26356. [PMID: 38420476 PMCID: PMC10900410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of foodborne gastroenteritis. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species in fresh chicken carcasses for human consumption from farmers' markets and small food stores in seven localities of Bogotá, Colombia. Ninety-one samples of fresh chicken carcasses were collected from farmers' markets and small food stores at seven localities in Bogotá. Samples were tested for Campylobacter using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR) and isolation by plating. To analyze possible risk factors associated with Campylobacter spp. contamination in retail chicken carcasses, information was collected using a structured questionnaire and a univariate logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05) was used. Forty-two positive samples were obtained for Campylobacter spp., given a prevalence of 46.2%, of which 54.8% were to C. jejuni, 9.52% to C. coli and 35.7% to joint contaminations. C. jejuni was the most prevalent species. Risk factors found included poor cleanliness, in frequency of disinfection, type of establishment, and direct contact of chickens with other food. This study is the first report in the country on the prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter in retail chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigithe Tatiana Ortiz
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Deyci Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Qiu Y, Ferreira JP, Ullah RW, Flanagan P, Zaheer MU, Tahir MF, Alam J, Hoet AE, Song J, Akram M. Assessment of the Implementation of Pakistan's National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Agriculture and Food Sectors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38534641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The agriculture and food (agrifood) sectors play key roles in the emergence, spread, and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pakistan's first National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR was developed to guide One Health interventions to combat AMR through 2017-2022. To improve subsequent iterations, we assessed the implementation of Pakistan's NAP in the agrifood sectors (NAPag) in October 2022, using the Progressive Management Pathway on AMR tool developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The assessment tool addressed four crucial focus areas of the NAPag: governance, awareness, evidence, and practices. Each focus area contains multiple topics, which involve four sequential stages of activities to progressively achieve systematic management of AMR risk in the agrifood sectors. High-level representatives of the NAPag stakeholders provided information for the assessment through pre-event documentary review and workshop discussions. The assessment results showed that Pakistan's NAPag had an overall moderate coverage (59%) of the anticipated activities. Gaps were particularly notable in strengthening governance, good practices, and interventions in non-livestock sectors. Furthermore, only 12% of the evaluated activities were fully executed and documented, consistently remaining at the planning and piloting stages in the livestock sector across all the examined topics. Insufficient attention to non-livestock sectors, inadequate regulation and enforcement capacity, and resource constraints have hindered scalable and sustainable interventions under the current plan. This assessment provides valuable insights to strengthen the inclusiveness and contribution of the agrifood sectors in the next NAP iteration. In the short-to-medium term, strategic prioritization is necessary to optimize the use of limited resources and target the most critical gaps, such as improving awareness among key stakeholders and fortifying regulations for prudent antimicrobial use. In the long term, integration of AMR into the country's broader health, development, and agricultural transformation agendas will be needed to generate sustainable benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiu
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Headquarters, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Jorge Pinto Ferreira
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Headquarters, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Riasat Wasee Ullah
- Office of the Animal Husbandry Commissioner, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Flanagan
- FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok 10200, Thailand
| | | | | | - Javaria Alam
- FAO Country Representative Office, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Armando E Hoet
- FAO Reference Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Junxia Song
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Headquarters, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Office of the Animal Husbandry Commissioner, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Al-Khresieh RO, Al-Daghistani HI, Abu-Romman SM, Abu-Niaaj LF. Genetic Signature and Serocompatibility Evidence for Drug Resistant Campylobacter jejuni. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101421. [PMID: 36290079 PMCID: PMC9598221 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis, a foodborne illness, is one of the world′s leading causes of gastrointestinal illness. This study investigates the link between human campylobacteriosis and the consumption of potentially contaminated food with Campylobacter jejuni. Three hundred sixty samples were collected from humans, chicken cloaca, raw chicken meat, unpasteurized milk, and vegetables. The chickens were obtained from licensed and non-licensed slaughterhouses, and only the necks and wings were studied. Samples were enriched under microaerobic conditions then cultured on the modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. Bacteria was identified by staining, biochemical testing, and molecular identification by the polymerase chain reaction for the virulence genes; hipO, asp, dnaJ, cadF, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC. The genomic homogeneity of C. jejuni between human and chicken isolates was assessed by the serological Penner test and the pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter was not detected in the vegetables and pasteurized milk, though, only twenty isolates from chickens and clinical samples were presumed to be Campylobacter based on their morphology. The biochemical tests confirmed that five isolates were C. coli, and fifteen isolates were C. jejuni including two isolates from humans, and the remaining were from chickens. The colonization of C. jejuni in chickens was significantly lower in necks (6.66%) obtained from licensed slaughterhouses compared to those obtained from non-licensed slaughterhouses (33.3%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all identified C. jejuni isolates were resistant to antibiotics, and the majority of isolates (53.5%) showed resistance against six antibiotics, though, all isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and aztreonam. The Penner test showed P:21 as the dominant serotype in isolates from humans, necks, and cloaca. The serohomology of C. jejuni from human isolates and chicken necks, wings, and cloaca was 71%, 36%, 78%, respectively. The PFGE analysis of the pattern for DNA fragmentation by the restriction enzyme Smal showed a complete genotypic homology of C. jejuni human isolates and chicken necks compared to partial homology with cloacal isolates. The study brings attention to the need for effective interventions to ensure best practices for safe poultry production for commercial food chain supply to limit infection with foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozan O. Al-Khresieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Hala I. Al-Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Allied Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Saeid M. Abu-Romman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Lubna F. Abu-Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology and Agriculture, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
- Correspondence:
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Rossi DA, Dumont CF, Santos ACDS, Vaz MEDL, Prado RR, Monteiro GP, Melo CBDS, Stamoulis VJ, dos Santos JP, de Melo RT. Antibiotic Resistance in the Alternative Lifestyles of Campylobacter jejuni. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:535757. [PMID: 34055658 PMCID: PMC8155616 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.535757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the main pathogen identified in cases of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Its importance in poultry production and public health is highlighted due to the growing antimicrobial resistance. Our study comparatively investigated the effect of five different classes of antimicrobials on the planktonic and biofilm forms of 35 strains of C. jejuni with high phylogenetic distinction in 30 of them. In the planktonic form, the existence of susceptible strains to colistin (7/35 - 20%) and resistance to meropenem (3/35 - 8.6%) represent a novelty in strains evaluated in Brazil. In biofilms formed with the addition of chicken juice, the number of resistant strains was significantly higher for colistin, erythromycin and meropenem (100%), but the susceptibility to tetracycline was shown as a control strategy for specific cases. High concentrations (1,060 ± 172.1mg/L) of antibiotics were necessary to control the biofilm structure in susceptible strains in the planktonic form, which is consistent with the high biomass produced in these strains. Stainless steel and polyurethane were the most (BFI=2.1) and least (BFI=1.6) favorable surfaces for the production of biomass treated with antimicrobials. It is concluded that the antimicrobial action was detected for all tested drugs in planktonic form. In sessile forms, the biomass production was intensified, except for tetracycline, which showed an antibiofilm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carolyne Ferreira Dumont
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Lourdes Vaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Renata Resende Prado
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Paz Monteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Camilla Beatriz da Silva Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Vassiliki Jaconi Stamoulis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Jandra Pacheco dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Goiás University Center, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Alaboudi AR, Malkawi IM, Osaili TM, Abu-Basha EA, Guitian J. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chickens in Irbid governorate, Jordan. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 327:108656. [PMID: 32445835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the world's leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, causing nearly 9 million cases of food poisoning in Europe every year. Poultry is considered the main source of Campylobacter infection to humans. The objectives of the study were to determine occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chickens, the antimicrobial resistance, genotypes, and relatedness of the isolates. A total of 177 chicken samples obtained from informal butcher shops (fresh), formal poultry slaughterhouses (refrigerated) and retail market (frozen) were analyzed. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. was conducted according to the ISO 10272-2006 method. Multiplex PCR was used for confirmation and identification of the isolates. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates and multilocus sequence typing was used for genotyping. The proportion of samples with Campylobacter spp. was 31.6% among all chicken samples (fresh and refrigerated 47.5%, frozen 0%) C. coli was isolated from 42.4% of chicken samples obtained from butcher shops and from 18.6% of samples obtained in formal slaughterhouses. C. jejuni was isolated from 17.0% of samples obtained in butcher shops and formal slaughterhouses. Campylobacter spp. was not isolated in frozen chicken samples. All tested isolates showed resistance toward ciprofloxacin and susceptibility toward imipenem and all of the isolates were multidrug resistant toward 5 or more antimicrobials. Three sequence types were identified among 10 C. coli isolates and seven sequence types were identified among 10 C. jejuni isolates. Among sequence types, chicken isolates shared similarities of both phenotypic and genetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram R Alaboudi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ismail M Malkawi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Ehab A Abu-Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA Hatfield, UK
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Noreen Z, Siddiqui F, Javed S, Wren BW, Bokhari H. Transmission of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni to children from different sources in Pakistan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 20:219-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sadiq A, Bokhari H, Noreen Z, Asghar RM, Bostan N. Magnitude of Rotavirus A and Campylobacter jejuni infections in children with diarrhea in Twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:978. [PMID: 31752744 PMCID: PMC6868847 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children particularly in developing countries of Asia and Africa. The present study was conducted to detect the two most important pathogens, rotavirus and Campylobacter Jejuni in children suffering with diarrhea in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan in 2014. The clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease were also investigated. Methods A total of 500 stool samples were collected from children presented with clinical signs and symptoms of acute diarrhea. The samples were initially screened for the presence of rotavirus A (RVA) via ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase PCR) and then were analysed for C. jejuni by using species specific PCR assay. Results The detection rate of RVA was 26.4% (132/500) while, Campylobacter was detected in 52% (260/500) of samples with C. jejuni accounted for 48.2% (241/500) of all study cases. Co-infection of C. jejuni with RVA was identified in 21.8% of all cases. Children with RVA and C. jejuni co-infection showed a higher probability (p = 0.01) to be dehydrated. A significant association (p = 0.02) was found between C. jejuni positive status and fever in children. The median age of children with both RVA and C. jejuni infection was 6–11 months. The RVA detection rate was high in winter months of the year while, C. jejuni infections were documented high in summer over 1 year study period. Conclusions The overall results have demonstrated the high prevalence of C. jejuni in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2014. The results of present study will not only help to calculate disease burden caused by C. jejuni and rotavirus but also will provide critical information to health authorities in planning public health care strategies against these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University (CUI), Tarlai Kalan, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Identification of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis virulence genes in cervical mucus from cows. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1133-1137. [PMID: 31410776 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the polymerase chain reaction to identify virulence genes in cervico-vaginal mucus samples from cows positive for Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. There was positivity for the pldA, racR, dnaJ, cdtA, and cdtB genes. No samples showed the cdtC, ciaB, cadF, wlaN, and virB11 genes.
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de Oliveira MG, Rizzi C, Galli V, Lopes GV, Haubert L, Dellagostin OA, da Silva WP. Presence of genes associated with adhesion, invasion, and toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni isolates and effect of temperature on their expression. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:253-260. [PMID: 30532987 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of genes associated with adhesion (cadF), invasion (ciaB), and cytotoxin production (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC) among Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a poultry slaughterhouse and to investigate the effect of different temperatures on the expression of these virulence-associated genes. A total of 88 C. jejuni isolates from cecum, liver, chicken carcasses, chilled water, and scalding water were submitted to PCR assay for detection of virulence genes. Representative isolates were selected for gene expression evaluation at 37 and 42 °C, according to their virulence gene profile and genotypic typing. All C. jejuni isolates carried the five virulence-associated genes, which play an important role in the infectious process. Differential gene expression by RT-qPCR was observed among C. jejuni isolates at 37 and 42 °C. The expression levels at 37 °C showed upregulation of the ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes in five isolates, with the exception of ciaB for isolate 4. At 42 °C, upregulation was observed for ciaB and cdtC, cdtA and cdtB, and cadF in four, three, and two isolates, respectively. The C. jejuni isolates expressed the virulence genes evaluated, and the expression is gene- and isolate-dependent and varied according the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricéia Greici de Oliveira
- a Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- b Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Galli
- b Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- a Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Louise Haubert
- a Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- b Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- a Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,b Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Whitehouse CA, Zhao S, Tate H. Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Species: Mechanisms and Genomic Epidemiology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 103:1-47. [PMID: 29914655 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Campylobacter genus is a large and diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that are known to colonize humans and other mammals, birds, reptiles, and shellfish. While it is now recognized that several emerging Campylobacter species can be associated with human disease, two species, C. jejuni and C. coli, are responsible for the vast majority of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Infection with C. jejuni, in particular, has also been associated with a number of extragastrointestinal manifestations and autoimmune conditions, most notably Guillain-Barré syndrome. The antimicrobial drugs of choice for the treatment of severe Campylobacter infection include macrolides, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin. Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, are also commonly used for empirical treatment of undiagnosed diarrheal disease. However, resistance to these and other classes of antimicrobial drugs is increasing and is a major public health problem. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that over 300,000 infections per year are caused by drug-resistant Campylobacter. In this chapter, we discuss the taxonomy of the Campylobacter genus, the clinical and global epidemiological aspects of Campylobacter infection, with an emphasis on C. jejuni and C. coli, and issues related to the treatment of infection and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. We further discuss the use of next-generation sequencing for the detection and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Heather Tate
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
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Kottawatta KSA, Van Bergen MAP, Abeynayake P, Wagenaar JA, Veldman KT, Kalupahana RS. Campylobacter in Broiler Chicken and Broiler Meat in Sri Lanka: Influence of Semi-Automated vs. Wet Market Processing on Campylobacter Contamination of Broiler Neck Skin Samples. Foods 2017; 6:E105. [PMID: 29186018 PMCID: PMC5742773 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broiler meat can become contaminated with Campylobacter of intestinal origin during processing. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks and meat contamination at retail shops, and determine the influence of semi-automated and wet market processing on Campylobacter contamination of neck skin samples. Samples were collected from semi-automated plants (n = 102) and wet markets (n = 25). From each batch of broilers, pooled caecal samples and neck skin samples were tested for Campylobacter. Broiler meat purchased from retail outlets (n = 37) was also tested. The prevalence of Campylobacter colonized broiler flocks was 67%. The contamination of meat at retail was 59%. Both semi-automated and wet market processing resulted to contaminate the broiler neck skins to the levels of 27.4% and 48%, respectively. When Campylobacter-free broiler flocks were processed in semi-automated facilities 15% (5/33) of neck skin samples became contaminated by the end of processing whereas 25% (2/8) became contaminated after wet market processing. Characterization of isolates revealed a higher proportion of C. coli compared to C. jejuni. Higher proportions of isolates were resistant to important antimicrobials. This study shows the importance of Campylobacter in poultry industry in Sri Lanka and the need for controlling antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottawattage S A Kottawatta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Preeni Abeynayake
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kees T Veldman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruwani S Kalupahana
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
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Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for rapid detection of azithromycin resistant Campylobacter isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India. Gut Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28649284 PMCID: PMC5480182 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter is a well-known bacterial pathogen for triggering acute gastroenteritis in humans both in developed and developing countries. This organism is highly resistant to fluoroquinolones. Macrolides are very much useful for the treatment of campylobacteriosis when clinical therapy is necessary. However, increasing resistance to azithromycin, a potent macrolide has been reported in Campylobacter in recent years. Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter is found mainly due to point mutation in V region of 23S rRNA. Results We have developed a PCR based assay, which can detect the azithromycin resistant and sensitive Campylobacter strains utilizing mutation responsible for the phenotype. This PCR was validated using 359 Campylobacter strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients at Kolkata, India. Antimicrobial resistance through disk diffusion method was also performed on these strains as a gold standard. Studies through sequencing analysis further confirmed the PCR result. Conclusion This study describes a simple and rapid method for detection of mutation conferring macrolide resistance with additional feature of identification of sensitive strains.
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Antibiotic susceptibility profiles among Campylobacter isolates obtained from international travelers between 2007 and 2014. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017. [PMID: 28623550 PMCID: PMC5653722 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is a common cause of diarrhea among international travelers. We studied antibiotic resistance patterns among Campylobacter isolates obtained from international travelers according to travel destination. Three collections of isolates obtained from international travelers between 2007 and 2014 (Institute of Tropical Medicine, the “Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles “and the Belgian National Reference Centre for Campylobacter) were used. Isolates were tested for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (E-test macromethod) for fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, and meropenem. Single isolates from 261 travelers were available; median (IQR) age was 25.4 (4–42) years, 85.8% were symptomatic (information for 224 patients available). Overall resistance to ciprofloxacin was 60.9%, ranging from 50.8% in Africa to 75.0% in Asia. Resistance to erythromycin was 4.6%, with the highest rate observed for Southern Asia (15.2%, seven isolates, six of them recovered from patients returning from India). A total of 126 isolates (48.3%) were resistant to tetracycline. No resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid or meropenem was detected. Ciprofloxacin resistance tended to increase over time (53.9% in 2007 versus 72.2% in 2014), erythromycin resistance remained stable (median annual resistance 4.2%). Most (86.2%) ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had MIC values ≥32 mg/l, and all erythromycin-resistant isolates had MIC values ≥256 mg/l. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was observed in 11 (4.2%) isolates, seven of which came from Southern Asia. Among all regions of travel, more than half of Campylobacter isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Overall resistance to erythromycin was below 5% but reached 15.2% in Southern Asia.
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Mund MD, Khan UH, Tahir U, Mustafa BE, Fayyaz A. Antimicrobial drug residues in poultry products and implications on public health: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1212874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Noreen Z, Abrar M, Siddiqui F, Faryal R, Hamid H, Bokhari H. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Strain Isolated from a Guillain Barré Syndrome Child. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:728. [PMID: 26558915 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Abrar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Siddiqui
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Hamid
- The Children's Hospital Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Tang JYH, Khalid MI, Aimi S, Abu-Bakar CA, Radu S. Antibiotic resistance profile and RAPD analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from vegetables farms and retail markets. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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