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Ram K, Kumar K, Singh D, Chopra D, Mani V, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Beneficial effect of lupeol and metformin in mouse model of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced dementia. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:661-678. [PMID: 38842663 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of lupeol and metformin in a mouse model of dementia generated by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v., STZ). Dementia was induced in Swiss mice with the i.c.v. administration of STZ at a dosage of 3 mg/kg on the first and third day. The assessment of dementia involved an examination of the Morris Water Maze (MWM) performance, as well as a number of biochemical and histological studies. STZ treatment resulted in significant decrease in MWM performance; various biochemical alterations (increase in brain acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), nitrite/nitrate, and reduction in nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels) and neuroinflammation [increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity & neutrophil infiltration]. The administration of Lupeol (50 mg/kg & 100 mg/kg; p.o.) and Metformin (150 mg/kg & 300 mg/kg; p.o.) demonstrated a considerable reduction in the behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations produced by STZ. Low dose combination of lupeol (50 mg/kg; p.o.) and Metformin (150 mg/kg; p.o.) produced more pronounced effect than that of high doses of either agent alone. It is concluded that Lupeol and Metformin has shown efficacy in dementia with possible synergism between the two and can be explored as potential therapeutic agents for managing dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khagesh Ram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, 135001, Yamunanagar, HRY, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dimple Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassin University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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Mariri NG, Dikhoba PM, Mongalo NI, Makhafola TJ. GC-ToF-MS Profiling and In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Selected South African Plants against Important Mycotoxigenic Phytopathogens. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1660. [PMID: 37629517 PMCID: PMC10455341 DOI: 10.3390/life13081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects following the ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated food include the induction of cancers, mutagenicity, immune suppression, and toxicities that target organs of the digestive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Synthetic fungicides are generally associated with a high toxic residue in food and the development of excessive fungal resistance. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activities against mycotoxigenic fungi of selected South African plant leaves and potentially develop plant-derived bio-fungicides, and, furthermore, to explore the in vitro antioxidant activity and the phytochemical spectra of the compounds of the selected medicinal plant extracts. The extracts were tested for antifungal activity against phytopathogenic strains using a microdilution broth assay. Bauhinia galpinii extracts exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against C. cladospoides and P. haloterans at 24 h incubation periods. C. caffrum had good antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.013 mg/mL while B. galpini had IC50 values of 0.053 against free radicals of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-suphonic acid (ABTS). The antimycotoxigenic and antioxidant activity exerted by both B. galpinii and C. caffrum may well be attributed to high TPC. In the GC-ToF-MS analysis, all the selected medicinal plants exhibited the presence of Hexadecanoic acid at varying % areas, while both B. galpinii and C. caffum exhibited the presence of lupeol at % area 2.99 and 3.96, respectively. The compounds identified, particularly the ones with higher % area, may well explain the biological activity observed. Although the selected medicinal plants exhibited a notable biological activity, there is a need to explore the safety profiles of these plants, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntagi Gerald Mariri
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.G.M.); (P.M.D.)
| | - Preachers Madimetja Dikhoba
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.G.M.); (P.M.D.)
| | - Nkoana Ishmael Mongalo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science (CAES), Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private BagX06, Florida 0710, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso Jan Makhafola
- Center for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.G.M.); (P.M.D.)
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Park JS, Rehman IU, Choe K, Ahmad R, Lee HJ, Kim MO. A Triterpenoid Lupeol as an Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Agent: Impacts on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3059. [PMID: 37447385 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease illustrated by neuronal dysfunctions, leading to memory weaknesses and personality changes mostly in the aged population worldwide. The exact cause of AD is unclear, but numerous studies have addressed the involvement of oxidative stress (OS), induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), to be one of the leading causes in developing AD. OS dysregulates the cellular homeostasis, causing abnormal protein and lipid metabolism. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in modulating the antioxidant system and decreases the neuronal ROS level, thus playing an important therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. Hence, medicinal herbs and their extracts have received global attention as a commercial source of antioxidants Lupeol. Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and has many biological functions. It is available in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. It has shown effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and higher blood-brain barrier permeability. Also, the binding and inhibitory potentials of Lupeol have been investigated and proved to be effective against certain receptor proteins and enzymes in AD studies by computational molecular docking approaches. Therefore, AD-related research has gained interest in investigating the therapeutic effects of Lupeol. However, despite its beneficial effects in AD, there is still a lack of research in Lupeol. Hence, we compiled in this analysis all preclinical research that looked at Lupeol as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Jobaer MA, Ashrafi S, Ahsan M, Hasan CM, Rashid MA, Islam SN, Masud MM. Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of an Indigenous Plant of Bangladesh, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.: Drug Discovery from Nature. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104186. [PMID: 37241926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Family: Asteraceae) is a tropical Asian medicinal plant found in Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It has long been utilized to treat a variety of health concerns in numerous countries around the world, such as renal discomfort, constipation, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, and hypertension. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation and characterization of six compounds from the methanol (MeOH) extract of the leaves of Gynura procumbens, which were identified as phytol (1), lupeol (2), stigmasterol (3), friedelanol acetate (4), β-amyrin (5), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (6). In-depth investigations of the high-resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data from the isolated compounds, along with comparisons to previously published data, were used to clarify their structures. Among these, the occurrence of Compounds 1 and 4 in this plant are reported for the first time. The crude methanolic extract (CME) and its different partitionates, i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions, were subjected to antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and anti-diabetic activities. In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, EASF showed the maximum activity, with an IC50 value of 10.78 µg/mL. On the other hand, CSF displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 1.94 µg/mL compared to 0.464 µg/mL for vincristine sulphate. In a thrombolytic assay, the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest activity (63.77%) compared to standard streptokinase (70.78%). During the assay for anti-diabetic activity, the PESF showed 70.37% of glucose-lowering activity, where standard glibenclamide showed 63.24% of glucose-reducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Jobaer
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sania Ashrafi
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Monira Ahsan
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdur Rashid
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Nazrul Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Masud
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Sonfack Fozeng HD, Nanfack Donfack AR, Tchuente Tchuenmogne MA, Tchegnitegni BT, Tsepeupon Matchide MG, Matheuda EG, Dzatie Djoumbissie RA, Mba Nguekeu YM, Ngouela SA, Shaiq Ali M, Awouafack MD, Tene M. A new ceramide and other constituents from the fruits of Ficus lutea Vahl (Moraceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Farzana M, Hossain MJ, El-Shehawi AM, Sikder MAA, Rahman MS, Al-Mansur MA, Albogami S, Elseehy MM, Roy A, Uddin MA, Rashid MA. Phenolic Constituents from Wendlandia tinctoria var. grandis (Roxb.) DC. Stem Deciphering Pharmacological Potentials against Oxidation, Hyperglycemia, and Diarrhea: Phyto-Pharmacological and Computational Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185957. [PMID: 36144691 PMCID: PMC9505740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wendlandia tinctoria var. grandis (Roxb.) DC. (Family: Rubiaceae) is a semi-evergreen shrub distributed over tropical and subtropical Asia. The present research intended to explore the pharmacological potential of the stem extract of W. tinctoria, focusing on the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal properties, and to isolate various secondary metabolites as mediators of such activities. A total of eight phenolic compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane soluble fraction of the stem extract of this plant, which were characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric and 1H NMR spectroscopic data as liquiritigenin (1), naringenin (2), apigenin (3), kaempferol (4), glabridin (5), ferulic acid (6), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (8). The dichloromethane soluble fraction exhibited the highest phenolic content (289.87 ± 0.47 mg of GAE/g of dried extract) and the highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 18.83 ± 0.07 µg/mL) against the DPPH free radical. All of the isolated compounds, except 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, exerted a higher antioxidant effect (IC50 = 6.20 ± 0.10 to 16.11 ± 0.02 μg/mL) than the standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 17.09 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Significant hypoglycemic and antidiarrheal activities of the methanolic crude extract at both doses (200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw) were observed in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the computational modeling study supported the current in vitro and in vivo findings, and the isolated constituents had a higher or comparable binding affinity for glutathione reductase and urase oxidase enzymes, glucose transporter 3 (GLUT 3), and kappa-opioid receptor, inferring potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal properties, respectively. This is the first report of all of these phenolic compounds being isolated from this plant species and even the first demonstration of the plant stem extract’s antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal potentials. According to the current findings, the W. tinctoria stem could be a potential natural remedy for treating oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and diarrhea. Nevertheless, further extensive investigation is crucial for thorough phytochemical screening and determining the precise mechanisms of action of the plant-derived bioactive metabolites against broad-spectrum molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamtaz Farzana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (M.J.H.); or (M.A.R.); Tel.: +880-1517-814-866 (M.J.H.); +880-1711-947-741 (M.A.R.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Al Amin Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Al-Mansur
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M. Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - M. Aftab Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (M.J.H.); or (M.A.R.); Tel.: +880-1517-814-866 (M.J.H.); +880-1711-947-741 (M.A.R.)
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Jannat T, Hossain MJ, El-Shehawi AM, Kuddus MR, Rashid MA, Albogami S, Jafri I, El-Shazly M, Haque MR. Chemical and Pharmacological Profiling of Wrightia coccinea (Roxb. Ex Hornem.) Sims Focusing Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134024. [PMID: 35807270 PMCID: PMC9268577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to conduct phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Wrightia coccinea (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Sims via several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. A total of four compounds were identified and isolated from the methanol extract of the bark and the methanol extract of the seed pulp of W. coccinea through successive chromatographic techniques and were characterized as 3β-acetyloxy-olean-12-en-28-ol (1), wrightiadione (2), 22β-hydroxylupeol (3), and β-sitosterol (4) by spectroscopic analysis. The aqueous fraction of the bark and chloroform fraction of the fruits provided the most potent antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 7.22 and 4.5 µg/mL, respectively) in DPPH free radical scavenging assay compared with the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 17.45 µg/mL). The methanol bark extract and the methanol fruit coat extract exerted anti-diarrheal activity by inhibiting 74.55 ± 0.67% and 77.78 ± 1.5% (mean ± SEM) of the diarrheal episode in mice, respectively, after four hours of loading the samples. In the hypoglycemic test, the methanol bark extract and the methanol fruit coat extract (400 mg/kg) produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level in mice. Both doses of the plant extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) used in the study induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in pain reaction time. The in vitro and in vivo findings were supported by the computational studies. The isolated compounds exhibited higher binding affinity compared with the standard drugs towards the active binding sites of glutathione reductase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), kappa opioid receptor, glucose transporter 3 (GLUT 3), Mu opioid receptor, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins due to their potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, and central and peripheral analgesic properties, respectively. The current findings concluded that W. coccinea might be a potential natural source for managing oxidative stress, diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and pain. Further studies are warranted for extensively phytochemical screening and establishing exact mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Jannat
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (T.J.); (M.R.K.); (M.A.R.)
- Department Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (T.J.); (M.R.K.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (M.J.H.); (M.R.H.); Tel.: +88-01517-814-866 (M.J.H.); +88-01700-731-681 (M.R.H.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.-S.); (S.A.); (I.J.)
| | - Md. Ruhul Kuddus
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (T.J.); (M.R.K.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (T.J.); (M.R.K.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.-S.); (S.A.); (I.J.)
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.E.-S.); (S.A.); (I.J.)
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Rashedul Haque
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (T.J.); (M.R.K.); (M.A.R.)
- Correspondence: or (M.J.H.); (M.R.H.); Tel.: +88-01517-814-866 (M.J.H.); +88-01700-731-681 (M.R.H.)
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Sohag AAM, Hossain MT, Rahaman MA, Rahman P, Hasan MS, Das RC, Khan MK, Sikder MH, Alam M, Uddin MJ, Rahman MH, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Islam T, Moon IS, Hannan MA. Molecular pharmacology and therapeutic advances of the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154012. [PMID: 35286936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant triterpenoids are major sources of nutraceuticals that provide many health benefits to humans. Lupeol is one of the pentacyclic dietary triterpenoids commonly found in many fruits and vegetables, which is highly investigated for its pharmacological effect and benefit to human health. PURPOSE This systematic review critically discussed the potential pharmacological benefits of lupeol and its derivatives as evidenced by various cellular and animal model studies. To gain insight into the pharmacological effects of lupeol, the network pharmacological approach is applied. Pharmacokinetics and recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches to targeted delivery of lupeol along with its safety use are also discussed. METHODS This study is dependent on the systematic and non-exhaustive literature survey for related research articles, papers, and books on the chemistry, pharmacological benefits, pharmacokinetics, and safety of lupeol published between 2011 and 2021. For online materials, the popular academic search engines viz. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ResearchGate, Springer, as well as official websites were explored with selected keywords. RESULTS Lupeol has shown promising benefits in the management of cancer and many other human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, kidney and liver problems, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The pharmacological effects of lupeol primarily rely on its capacity to revitalize the cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Network pharmacological approach revealed some prospective molecular targets and pathways and presented some significant information that could help explain the pharmacological effects of lupeol and its derivatives. Despite significant progress in molecular pharmacology, the clinical application of lupeol is limited due to poor bioavailability and insufficient knowledge on its mode of action. Structural modification and nanotechnology-guided targeted delivery of lupeol improve the bioavailability and bioactivity of lupeol. CONCLUSION The pentacyclic triterpene lupeol possesses numerous human health-benefiting properties. This review updates current knowledge and critically discusses the pharmacological effects and potential applications of lupeol and its derivatives in human health and diseases. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacies of lupeol and its derivatives in the management and pathobiology of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rakhal Chandra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kibria Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 780-714, Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
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Mamadalieva NZ, Youssef FS, Hussain H, Zengin G, Mollica A, Al Musayeib NM, Ashour ML, Westermann B, Wessjohann LA. Validation of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Selected Triterpenes Using In Vitro and In Silico Studies, and the Evaluation of Their ADMET Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216331. [PMID: 34770739 PMCID: PMC8587851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of fifteen cycloartane-type triterpenes’ potentials were investigated using different assays. In the phosphomolybdenum method, cycloalpioside D (6) (4.05 mmol TEs/g) showed the highest activity. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays, cycloorbicoside A-7-monoacetate (2) (5.03 mg TE/g) and cycloorbicoside B (10) (10.60 mg TE/g) displayed the highest activities, respectively. Oleanolic acid (14) (51.45 mg TE/g) and 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside-(23R,24S)-16β,23;16α,24-diepoxycycloart-25(26)-en-3β,7β-diol 7-monoacetate (4) (13.25 mg TE/g) revealed the highest reducing power in cupric ion-reducing activity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. In metal-chelating activity on ferrous ions, compound 2 displayed the highest activity estimated by 41.00 mg EDTAE/g (EDTA equivalents/g). The tested triterpenes showed promising AChE and BChE inhibitory potential with 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside-(23R,24S)-16β,23;16α,24-diepoxycycloart-25(26)-en-3β,7β-diol 2′,3′,4′,7-tetraacetate (3), exhibiting the highest inhibitory activity as estimated from 5.64 and 5.19 mg GALAE/g (galantamine equivalent/g), respectively. Compound 2 displayed the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity (113.24 mg KAE/g (mg kojic acid equivalent/g)). Regarding α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside-(23R,24S)-16β,23;16α,24-diepoxycycloart-25(26)-en-3β,7β-diol (5) (0.55 mmol ACAE/g) and compound 3 (25.18 mmol ACAE/g) exerted the highest activities, respectively. In silico studies focused on compounds 2, 6, and 7 as inhibitors of tyrosinase revealed that compound 2 displayed a good ranking score (−7.069 kcal/mole) and also that the ΔG free-binding energy was the highest among the three selected compounds. From the ADMET/TOPKAT prediction, it can be concluded that compounds 4 and 5 displayed the best pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior, with considerable activity in most of the examined assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.S.Y.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.S.Y.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
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10
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Ali JS, Riaz N, Mannan A, Latif M, Zia M. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity guided investigation of Sideroxylon mascatense (A.DC.) T.D. Penn. leaves extracts. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4227-4230. [PMID: 34498973 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1973461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the pharmacological tendency of Sideroxylon mascatense leaves extracts, fractions and sub-fractions using thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, and phytochemical (phenolics, flavonoids) and biological assays (free radical scavenging, antioxidative, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition). The results disclosed that fractionation practice accumulated the active phytochemicals in few fractions and finally leads to the isolation of active compounds. The structural elucidation was carried out using spectroscopic 1D (1H, 13C) 2D NMR and spectrometric techniques. The n-hexane fraction led to isolation of lupeol. From the CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions, two compounds were isolated, hentriacontanol, and lupeol, respectively. The isolated compounds were also characterized for biological activities. This study concludes that bioactivity guided isolation can be performed for isolation of active constituents from S. mascatense which can be further explored for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joham Sarfraz Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Mbougnia JF, Happi GM, Bitchagno GT, Awouafack MD, Lenta BN, Kouam SF, Tane P, Sewald N, Tene M. Chemical constituents from Ficus natalensis hochst (Moraceae) and their chemophenetic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Yu T, Hu Z, Wang Y. An LC-ESI/MS/MS method for the determination of lupeol via precolumn derivatization and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5005. [PMID: 33067801 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lupeol, a phytosterol and triterpene, is widely found in edible fruits and vegetables, and has been reported to exhibit a spectrum of pharmacological activities against various disease conditions. In the present study, a derivative generated by the reaction of lupeol with p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate was ionizable and fragmentable in the negative mode by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Based on this simple chemical derivatization, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of lupeol in rat plasma. The calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.999) over concentrations from 2.5 to 250 ng/ml for lupeol. The method had an accuracy of 96.0-109.4%, and the intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were within ± 15%. The stability data showed that no significant degradation occurred under the experimental conditions. The mean recoveries at three quality control levels were within 88.7-95.7%. No significant matrix effects (105.3-109.8%) were observed in rat plasma. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of lupeol in rat plasma after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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13
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Saeed Kotb S, Ayoub IM, El-Moghazy SA, Singab ANB. Profiling the Lipophilic Fractions of Pithecellobium dulce Bark and Leaves Using GC/MS and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000048. [PMID: 32406166 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments owing to its restorative properties. The biological activities and chemical profiles of the lipophilic fraction of P. dulce bark and leaves were assessed herein. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and unsaponifiable matter (USM) were prepared and analyzed by GC/MS. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the bark saponifiable fraction, whereas 9 compounds were annotated in the leaves. Palmitic acid methyl ester was the major compound identified accounting for 41.48 % of the bark and 19.03 % of the leaves composition. Besides, linolenic acid methyl ester (22.40 %) and linoleic acid (12.69 %) were annotated in the leaves saponifiable fraction. A total of 63 compounds were detected in the bark USM and 4 compounds were identified in the leaves. Phytol represented the major component in the leaves (52.57 %) followed by lupeol (20.68 %) and lupenone (8.60 %). Meanwhile, n-dodecane dominated in the bark USM accounting for 24.69 % of the total composition. The leaves and bark lipophilic fractions revealed moderate antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Both extracts showed no antifungal activity. No cytotoxicity was observed for both lipophilic fractions. P. dulce offers a good source of antioxidant compounds that can be introduced to food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saeed Kotb
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Iriny M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Safaa A El-Moghazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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14
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Bina F, Daglia M, Santarcangelo C, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M, Nabavi SM, Tabarrai M, Rahimi R. Phytochemical profiling and ameliorative effects of Achillea cretica L. on rat model of endometriosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112747. [PMID: 32156636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea cretica (AC) is a medicinal plant emphasized for treatment of gynecological disorders and pathological symptoms similar to endometriosis in traditional Persian medicine. Since information about its chemical constituents is limited, the aim of this study is to investigate phenolic composition of AC extract as well as its effect on experimental model of endometriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used for the determination of polyphenolic compounds. Endometriosis was induced in rats by suturing of uterus segments to abdominal wall of same rat, after eight weeks when the model was induced, it was followed by 28 days of treatment with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of hydroethanolic extract of the plant. Blood samples and implanted tissues were collected in the final day, and area of foci, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, and serum total thiol molecules were measured and compared with positive group (0.2 mg/kg/day letrozole) and control group (solvent of extract: normal saline). Implanted tissue sections of the sacrificed rats were also assessed histopathologically. RESULTS Nine polyphenolic compounds were identified in AC extract including 7 flavonoids and 2 phenolic acids. Plant extract decreased area of foci and cytokine levels in serum and local tissue. Histopathological assessments confirmed the effectiveness of treatments by decreasing the thickness of epithelial layer and increasing the infiltration of leukocytes into this layer. Doses of 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of extract showed better effects in comparison with the dose of 200 mg/kg in reduction of cytokine levels and size of implanted tissue. Extract and letrozole did not demonstrate significant effect on thiol level. CONCLUSION AC aerial extract may be a favorable medicine for management of endometriosis by modulating inflammatory cytokines; however, further studies are needed for more conclusive and reliable decision about its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bina
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Tabarrai
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Hashmi WJ, Ismail H, Jafri L, Mirza B. Ethnopharmacological activity of Hedera nepalensis K. Koch extracts and lupeol against alloxan-induced type I diabetes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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16
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Synthesis of Lupeol from Betulin. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Saini M, Khan MF, Sangwan R, Khan MA, Kumar A, Verma R, Ahamad T, Jain S. Design, Synthesis and
In‐Vitro
Antitumor Activity of Lupeol Derivatives
via
Modification at C‐3 and C‐30 Positions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Saini
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of BiotechnologyEra's Lucknow Medical College & HospitalEra University Lucknow- 226003, UP India
| | - Reetu Sangwan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Department of BiotechnologyEra's Lucknow Medical College & HospitalEra University Lucknow- 226003, UP India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of BiotechnologyEra's Lucknow Medical College & HospitalEra University Lucknow- 226003, UP India
| | - Sudha Jain
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow- 226001, UP India
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18
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Knothe G, Razon LF, de Castro MEG. Fatty acids, triterpenes and cycloalkanes in ficus seed oils. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:127-131. [PMID: 30529978 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The compositions of the seed oils obtained by hexane extraction of three members of the Ficus genus of the Moraceae plant family was determined, namely Ficus nota, Ficus septica, Ficus ulmifolia. Linolenic acid is the most prominent fatty acid in the seed oils followed by linoleic acid, with these two fatty acid comprising about 75% of the fatty acids in the oils. The high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids coincides with high levels of these acids predominating among the fatty acids observed in various plant parts of other Ficus species. Besides the fatty acids, a variety of phytochemicals also found in other plant parts of Ficus species were observed in the seed oils, including squalene, pentacyclic triterpenes such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol, as well as sterols such as cholesterol and γ-sitosterol, the former at unusually elevated levels. The levels of these phytochemicals vary from species to species and location of harvest, with F. ulmifolia showing by far the highest level of these materials and with α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol being the most common, their amounts exceeding those of fatty acids for samples from one specific location. Surprisingly, low levels of macrocyclic alkanes in the range of C24-C30 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Knothe
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Luis F Razon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004, Manila, Philippines
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19
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Valorization of Wild Apple ( Malus spp.) By-Products as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids, Tocopherols and Phytosterols with Antimicrobial Activity. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040090. [PMID: 30352980 PMCID: PMC6313870 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The amplified production of fruit as well as burgeoning demand for plant-made food products have resulted in a sharp increase of waste. Currently, millions of tons of by-products are either being discarded or utilized rather ineffectively. However, these by-products may be processed and further incorporated as functional ingredients in making high-value food products with many physiological and biochemical effects. The chemical analysis of pomace oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and reversed-phase-liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC/FLD) systems led to the identification and quantification of 56 individual lipophilic compounds including unsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as well as phytosterols and four homologs of tocopherol. The oils recovered from by-products of Malus spp. (particularly cv. “Ola”) are rich in fatty acids such as linolenic (57.8%), α-linolenic (54.3%), and oleic (25.5%). The concentration of total tocopherols varied among the Malus species and dessert apples investigated, representing the range of 16.8–30.9 mg mL−1. The highest content of total tocopherols was found in M. Bernu prieks, followed by M. cv. “Ola”, and M. × Soulardii pomace oils. A significantly higher amount of δ-tocopherol was established in the oil of M. Bernu prieks, indicating that this species could be utilized as a natural and cheap source of bioactive molecules. β-Sitosterol was the prevalent compound determined in all tested pomace oils with a percentage distribution of 10.3–94.5%. The main triterpene identified in the oils was lupeol, which varied in the range of 0.1–66.3%. A targeted utilization of apple pomace would facilitate management of tons of by-products and benefit the environment and industry.
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20
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Amanda LG, Ana PDO, Geisiane SFDSS, Geórgia SB, Inaiara S, Jackson RGDSA, Joana DDSR, Jose MTDAF, Edigênia CDCA. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the constituents of the fixed oils obtained from the barks, leaves and stems of Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2018.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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21
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Hanafi MMM, Afzan A, Yaakob H, Aziz R, Sarmidi MR, Wolfender JL, Prieto JM. In Vitro Pro-apoptotic and Anti-migratory Effects of Ficus deltoidea L. Plant Extracts on the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:895. [PMID: 29326585 PMCID: PMC5736988 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Ficus deltoidea L. on prostate cancer cells, identify the active compound/s and characterize their mechanism of actions. Two farmed varieties were studied, var. angustifolia (FD1) and var. deltoidea (FD2). Their crude methanolic extracts were partitioned into n-hexane (FD1h, FD2h) chloroform (FD1c, FD2c) and aqueous extracts (FD1a, FD2a). Antiproliferative fractions (IC50 < 30 μg/mL, SRB staining of PC3 cells) were further fractionated. Active compound/s were dereplicated using spectroscopic methods. In vitro mechanistic studies on PC3 and/or LNCaP cells included: annexin V-FITC staining, MMP depolarization measurements, activity of caspases 3 and 7, nuclear DNA fragmentation and cell cycle analysis, modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, Smac/Diablo, and Alox-5 mRNA gene expression by RT-PCR. Effects of cytotoxic fractions on 2D migration and 3D invasion were tested by exclusion assays and modified Boyden chamber, respectively. Their mechanisms of action on these tests were further studied by measuring the expression VEGF-A, CXCR4, and CXCL12 in PC3 cells by RT-PCR. FD1c and FD2c extracts induced cell death (P < 0.05) via apoptosis as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation. This was accompanied by an increase in MMP depolarization (P < 0.05), activation of caspases 3 and 7 (P < 0.05) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. All active plant extracts up-regulated Bax and Smac/DIABLO, down-regulated Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Both FD1c and FD2c were not cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. Both plant extracts inhibited both migration and invasion of PC3 cells (P < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by down-regulation of both VEGF-A and CXCL-12 gene expressions (P < 0.001). LC–MS dereplication using taxonomy filters and molecular networking databases identified isovitexin in FD1c; and oleanolic acid, moretenol, betulin, lupenone, and lupeol in FD2c. In conclusion, FD1c and FD2c were able to overcome three main hallmarks of cancer in PC3 cells: (1) apoptosis by activating of the intrinsic pathway, (2) inhibition of both migration and invasion by modulating the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and (3) inhibiting angiogenesis by modulating VEGF-A expression. Moreover, isovitexin is here reported for the first time as an antiproliferative principle (IC50 = 43 μg/mL, SRB staining of PC3 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd M M Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Product, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ramlan Aziz
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad R Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Product, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Tsai FS, Lin LW, Wu CR. Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 929:145-175. [PMID: 27771924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol belongs to pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes and exhibits in edible vegetables, fruits and many plants. Many researches indicated that lupeol possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-mutagenic effects. From various disease-targeted animal models, these reports indicated that lupeol has anti-diabetic, anti-asthma, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer efficiency under various routes of administration such as topical, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous. It is worth mentioning that clinical trials of lupeol were performed to treat canine oral malignant melanoma and human moderate skin acne in Japan and Korea. The detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities was further reviewed from published papers. These evidence indicate that lupeol is a multi-target agent to exert diverse pharmacological potency with many potential targeting proteins such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and TCA cycle enzymes and targeting pathway such as IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (IRAK-TLR4), Bcl-2 family, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review also provides suggestion that lupeol might be a valuable and potential lead compound to develop as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, P.R. China
| | - Yeyu Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, P.R. China
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Amoussa AMO, Lagnika L, Bourjot M, Vonthron-Senecheau C, Sanni A. Triterpenoids from Acacia ataxacantha DC: antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:284. [PMID: 27520306 PMCID: PMC4983094 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacia ataxacantha is a medicinal specie used extensively in traditional medicine of Benin republic to treat infectious diseases. Our previous study showed interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against six strains of bacteria and six strains of fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of compounds isolated from A. ataxacantha. METHODS Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to isolate and identify three compounds (1-3) from the bark of A. ataxacantha. Phytochemical investigation of A. ataxacantha (Fabaceae) led to the isolation of three triterpenoids (1-3). The structure of isolated compounds was established by differents spectroscopic methods such as UV, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 2D NMR and Mass. All isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity using agar disc-diffusion and microdilution methods. The radical scavenging activity of isolated compounds was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. RESULTS Phytochemical investigation led to the isolation and identification of lupeol (1), betulinic acid (2) and betulinic acid-3-trans-caffeate (3). Moderate antimicrobial activity was obtained with compound 3 against methicillin-resitant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of 25 μg/ml and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC of 50 μg/ml). Compounds 3 was more active against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans with a MIC value of 12.5 μg/ml in boths cases. Compounds 3 had also interesting antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 3.57 μg/ml compared to quercetin (1.04 μg/ml). CONCLUSION The overall results of this study provide evidence that the compound 3, isolated from A. ataxacantha, exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast, especially against C. albicans.
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Abeer MES. Leaves of Schinus polygamous (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae) are a potential source of hepatoprotective and antioxidant phytochemicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2016.6061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Plioukas M, Gabrieli C, Lazari D, Kokkalou E. Phytochemical analysis with the antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory capacities of Tephrosia humilis aerial parts’ extracts. Nat Prod Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Plioukas
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysi Gabrieli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eugene Kokkalou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Llagas MCDL, Santiago L, Ramos JD. Antibacterial activity of crude ethanolic extract and solvent fractions of Ficus pseudopalma Blanco leaves. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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