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Meca-Lallana JE, Martínez Yélamos S, Eichau S, Llaneza MÁ, Martín Martínez J, Peña Martínez J, Meca Lallana V, Alonso Torres AM, Moral Torres E, Río J, Calles C, Ares Luque A, Ramió-Torrentà L, Marzo Sola ME, Prieto JM, Martínez Ginés ML, Arroyo R, Otano Martínez MÁ, Brieva Ruiz L, Gómez Gutiérrez M, Rodríguez-Antigüedad Zarranz A, Sánchez-Seco VG, Costa-Frossard L, Hernández Pérez MÁ, Landete Pascual L, González Platas M, Oreja-Guevara C. Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Neurology on the treatment of multiple sclerosis and holistic patient management in 2023. Neurologia 2024; 39:196-208. [PMID: 38237804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The last consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Neurology's Demyelinating Diseases Study Group on the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) was issued in 2016. Although many of the positions taken remain valid, there have been significant changes in the management and treatment of MS, both due to the approval of new drugs with different action mechanisms and due to the evolution of previously fixed concepts. This has enabled new approaches to specific situations such as pregnancy and vaccination, and the inclusion of new variables in clinical decision-making, such as the early use of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMT), consideration of the patient's perspective, and the use of such novel technologies as remote monitoring. In the light of these changes, this updated consensus statement, developed according to the Delphi method, seeks to reflect the new paradigm in the management of patients with MS, based on the available scientific evidence and the clinical expertise of the participants. The most significant recommendations are that immunomodulatory DMT be started in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome with persistent radiological activity, that patient perspectives be considered, and that the term "lines of therapy" no longer be used in the classification of DMTs (> 90% consensus). Following diagnosis of MS, the first DMT should be selected according to the presence/absence of factors of poor prognosis (whether epidemiological, clinical, radiological, or biomarkers) for the occurrence of new relapses or progression of disability; high-efficacy DMTs may be considered from disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Meca-Lallana
- Unidad de Neuroinmunología Clínica y CSUR Esclerosis Múltiple, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca)/Cátedra de Neuroinmunología Clínica y Esclerosis Múltiple, Universidad Católica San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
| | - S Martínez Yélamos
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple «EMxarxa», Servicio de Neurología. H.U. de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Departament de Ciències Clíniques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Eichau
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Á Llaneza
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
| | - J Martín Martínez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - V Meca Lallana
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Alonso Torres
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Moral Torres
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario y Universitario Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Río
- Servicio de Neurología, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Calles
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Ares Luque
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - L Ramió-Torrentà
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia i Esclerosi Múltiple Territorial de Girona (UNIEMTG), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta y Hospital Santa Caterina. Grupo Neurodegeneració i Neuroinflamació, IDIBGI. Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - M E Marzo Sola
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - J M Prieto
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M L Martínez Ginés
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Arroyo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Quirón Salud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Á Otano Martínez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - L Brieva Ruiz
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - M Gómez Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - V G Sánchez-Seco
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - L Costa-Frossard
- CSUR de Esclerosis Múltiple, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Á Hernández Pérez
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Landete Pascual
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - M González Platas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - C Oreja-Guevara
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Hanafi MMM, Yaakob H, Gibbons S, Prieto JM. In Vitro Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Marantodes pumilum (syn. Labisia pumila) Extracts on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines: Bioguided Isolation of 5-Henicosene-1-yl-resorcinol. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1576. [PMID: 37050202 PMCID: PMC10097395 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Marantodes pumilum Blume Kuntze plant extracts on prostate cancer cells, identify the active compound/s, and characterize their mechanism of action. The crude methanolic extract was partitioned into n-hexane (MPh), chloroform (MPc), and aqueous (MPa) extracts. Antiproliferative fractions (IC50 < 30 μg/mL based on SRB staining of LNCaP and PC3 cell lines) were further fractionated. Active compound/s were identified using spectroscopic methods. In vitro mechanistic studies on PC3 cells included: annexin V-FITC staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization measurements, the activity of caspases 3 and 7, nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell cycle analysis, modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, Smac/Diablo, Alox-5, VEGF-A, CXCR4, and CXCL12 mRNA gene expression via RT-PCR, 2D migration (scratch assay), and 3D invasion (Boyden chamber). MPc extract was the most active, inducing cell death (p < 0.05) via apoptosis, as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation and an increase in MMP depolarization (p < 0.05) as well as the activation of caspases 3/7 (MPc p < 0.01) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. In addition, MPc upregulated Bax and Smac/DIABLO, downregulated Bcl-2 (p < 0.05), and inhibited ALOX-5 mRNA gene expression (p < 0.001). MPc was not cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. Moreover, MPc inhibited migration and invasion of PC3 cells (p < 0.01). These effects were accompanied by the downregulation of both VEGF-A and CXCL-12 gene expressions (p < 0.001). A monounsaturated 5-alkyl resorcinol was isolated as the active compound in the MPc extract and identified as 5-henicosene-1-yl-resorcinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mukrish Mohd Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, U.C.L. School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.M.M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, U.C.L. School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.M.M.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jose M. Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, U.C.L. School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.M.M.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Jalil B, Naser AY, M Prieto J, Heinrich M. Herbal supplements in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey of pharmacists' perspectives and knowledge. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057405. [PMID: 35896285 PMCID: PMC9335029 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacists are ideal partners for engaging with the needs and expectations of patients. They can play a vital role by providing information and supplying herbal medicines. In some community settings, pharmacists are also the main first point of care. This study explored Jordanian community pharmacists' perspectives and knowledge of herbal medicines available in pharmacies. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using an online survey was developed, and it was distributed via social media platforms. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the mean knowledge scores between different demographic groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of herbal medicines knowledge. SETTING Jordanian community pharmacies. PARTICIPANTS 401 Jordanian community pharmacists. RESULTS Herbal supplements are sold in practically all pharmacies (98.5%). Slimming aids (14.7%), followed by sexual and sports enhancements (14%) and maintaining general health (12.1%) were most requested by Jordanian customers. While supplements for maintaining general health (12%), followed by slimming aids (11.4%) and skin conditions (9.3%) were most recommended by Jordanian pharmacists. 63.1% were not aware of potential herb-drug interactions, 95.6% did not receive complaints from customers about herbal medicines and 41.2% would not report adverse reactions to the national pharmacovigilance services. The mean knowledge score for knowledge of use, regulation, adverse reactions, and drug interactions was 3.7 (SD: 0.7), 3.5 (SD: 0.8), 3.6 (SD: 0.8), and 3.6 (SD: 0.8) (out of 5), respectively. ANOVA test showed that total pharmacists' knowledge scores significantly differed based on the length of time practising pharmacy (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study highlights some key concerns relating to recommendations, awareness and reporting of herbal medicines among Jordanian community pharmacists. Pharmacists need enhanced education to provide objective and evidence-based information on the benefits-risks of herbal medicines. Future studies need to be carried out to confirm whether our findings are transferable to other Middle Eastern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banaz Jalil
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq, London, UK
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jose M Prieto
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq, London, UK
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AlQathama A, Bader A, Al-Rehaily A, Gibbons S, Prieto JM. In vitro cytotoxic activities of selected Saudi medicinal plants against human malignant melanoma cells (A375) and the isolation of their active principles. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fernández O, Aladro Y, Arroyo R, Brieva L, Calles-Hernández MC, Carrascal P, Comabella M, Costa-Frossard L, Eichau S, García-Merino JA, Ginestal R, González I, Izquierdo G, Martínez-Ginés ML, Meca-Lallana JE, Mendibe-Bilbao MM, Oterino A, Prieto JM, Río J, Ramió-Torrentà L, Romero-Pinel L, Téllez N, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A. [12th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the novelties from the 2019 ECTRIMS Congress (I)]. Rev Neurol 2021; 70:379-390. [PMID: 32390131 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7010.2020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Like every year, after the ECTRIMS Congress, renowned Spanish neurologists who are experts in multiple sclerosis presented the main novelties in research in this field at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting. AIM To summarise the content presented at the 12th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, which took place in September 2019 in Sevilla and is presented in two parts. DEVELOPMENT This first part addresses the latest studies on vitamin D deficiency and the discrepancies that currently exist regarding its treatment. The advances made in epigenetics allow us to present this approach as a possible biomarker of multiple sclerosis. An account is provided to explain the growing importance of imaging techniques to detect atrophy and other phenomena that occur during the disease, such as changes in iron concentration or remyelination processes, which allow us to further our understanding of the mechanisms of cortical pathology, and the dimensionality of neurodegeneration during its course. Findings related to immunological mechanisms and advances in potential antigen-specific therapies are discussed. The contribution presents the latest studies on the assessment of cognitive impairment and its rehabilitation, which are becoming increasingly important due to the high prevalence of these disorders and the absence of their systematic assessment in clinical practice. Finally, the unmet social and health needs of multiple sclerosis patients in our country are presented, with emphasis on the current deficits in the system of social protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga. IBIMA, Málaga, España
| | - Y Aladro
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, España
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Quirón, Pozuelo de Alarcón, España
| | - Ll Brieva
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, España
| | | | | | - M Comabella
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, España
| | | | - S Eichau
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41003 Sevilla, España
| | - J A García-Merino
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28035 Majadahonda, España
| | - R Ginestal
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Oterino
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - J Río
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, España
| | | | - L Romero-Pinel
- Hospital General Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Hospitalet de Ll., España
| | - N Téllez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47005 Valladolid, España
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Fernández O, Montalban X, Aladro Y, Alonso A, Arroyo R, Calles C, Castillo-Triviño T, Comabella M, Costa-Frossard L, Forero L, Ginestal R, Landete L, Llaneza M, Llufriu S, Martínez-Ginés ML, Meca-Lallana J, Mendibe M, Oreja-Guevara C, Oterino A, Prieto JM, Ramió-Torrentà L, Romero-Pinel L, Téllez N, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A. 13th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2020 ECTRIMS Congress (I). Rev Neurol 2021; 72:397-406. [PMID: 34042168 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7211.2021172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For more than a decade, following the ECTRIMS Congress, the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting has been held in Spain, where neurologists with expertise in multiple sclerosis (MS) from all over the country meet to review the most relevant latest developments presented at the ECTRIMS congress (on this occasion held together with ACTRIMS). AIM This article, published in two parts, summarises the presentations that took place at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, held online on 16 and 17 October 2020. DEVELOPMENT This first part includes the latest results regarding the impact of the environment and lifestyle on risk of MS and its clinical course, and the role of epigenetics and genetic factors on these processes. Findings from preclinical and clinical research on the lymphocyte subtypes identified and the involvement of lymphoid follicles and meningeal involvement in the disease are discussed. Changes in brain structure are addressed at the microscopic and macroscopic levels, including results from high-resolution imaging techniques. The latest advances on biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of MS, and on the involvement of the microbiome in these patients are also reported. Finally, results from patient registries on the impact of COVID-19 in MS patients are outlined. CONCLUSIONS There have been new data on MS risk factors, the impact of MS at the cellular and structural level, the role of the microbiome in the disease, biomarkers, and the relationship between COVID-19 and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernández
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - X Montalban
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron-CEMCAT, Barcelona, España
| | - Y Aladro
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, España
| | - A Alonso
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, España
| | - C Calles
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | | | - M Comabella
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron-CEMCAT, Barcelona, España
| | | | - L Forero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, España
| | - R Ginestal
- Hospital Universitario Clínico de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - L Landete
- Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
| | - M Llaneza
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, España
| | - S Llufriu
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, España
| | | | - J Meca-Lallana
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - M Mendibe
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Bilbao, España
| | | | - A Oterino
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - Ll Ramió-Torrentà
- Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, España.,Hospital de Santa Caterina-IDIBGI, Salt, España
| | - L Romero-Pinel
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge , Hospitalet de Ll., España
| | - N Téllez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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Fernández O, Montalban X, Aladro Y, Alonso A, Arroyo R, Calles C, Castillo-Triviño T, Comabella M, Costa-Frossard L, Forero L, Ginestal R, Landete L, Llaneza M, Llufriu S, Martínez-Ginés ML, Meca-Lallana J, Mendibe M, Oreja-Guevara C, Oterino A, Prieto JM, Ramió-Torrentà L, Romero-Pinel L, Téllez N, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A. 13th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2020 ECTRIMS Congress (II). Rev Neurol 2021; 72:433-442. [PMID: 34109999 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7212.2021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For more than a decade, after the ECTRIMS Congress, Spain has hosted the Post-ECTRIMS meeting, where neurologists with expertise in multiple sclerosis (MS) meet to review the new developments presented at the ECTRIMS. AIM This article, published in two parts, summarises the presentations of the post-ECTRIMS meeting, held online on 16 and 17 October 2020. DEVELOPMENT This second part highlights the importance of gender and age in understanding the pathology of the disease and optimising its management. The advances made in paediatric MS, from a neuropsychological and neuroimaging point of view, are presented. In turn, special attention is paid to the findings that contribute to a more personalised approach to therapy and to choosing the best treatment strategy (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for each patient. Similarly, results related to possible strategies to promote remyelination are addressed. Although there are no major advances in the treatment of progressive forms, some quantitative methods for the classification of these patients are highlighted. In addition, the study also includes results on potential tools for assessment and treatment of cognitive deficits, and some relevant aspects observed in the spectrum of neuromyelitis optica disorders. Finally, the results of the papers considered as breaking news at the ECTRIMS-ACTRIMS are detailed. CONCLUSIONS Most of the advances presented were related to the knowledge of paediatric MS, remyelination strategies and cognitive assessment in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernández
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - X Montalban
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron-CEMCAT, Barcelona, España
| | - Y Aladro
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, España
| | - A Alonso
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, España
| | - C Calles
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | | | - M Comabella
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron-CEMCAT, Barcelona, España
| | | | - L Forero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, España
| | - R Ginestal
- Hospital Universitario Clínico de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - L Landete
- Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, España
| | - M Llaneza
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, España
| | - S Llufriu
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, España
| | | | - J Meca-Lallana
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - M Mendibe
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Bilbao, España
| | | | - A Oterino
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
| | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - Ll Ramió-Torrentà
- Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, España.,Hospital de Santa Caterina-IDIBGI, Salt, España
| | - L Romero-Pinel
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge , Hospitalet de Ll., España
| | - N Téllez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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AlQathama A, Ezuruike UF, Mazzari ALDA, Yonbawi A, Chieli E, Prieto JM. Effects of Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants on the Viability, Mobility, and Multidrug-Resistant Mechanisms in Liver, Colon, and Skin Cancer Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:546439. [PMID: 33071779 PMCID: PMC7533547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.546439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants indicated for chronic diseases usually have good safety margins as they are intended for lifelong treatments. We hypothesized that they may provide patients with baseline protection to cancers and multidrug resistance-reversing phytochemicals resulting in successful prevention and/or adjuvant treatment of chemotherapy-resistant cancers. We selected 27 popular herbal infusions widely used in Nigeria for diabetes and studied their effects on a panel of liver (HepG2), colon (Caco2), and skin (B16-F10) cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was measured using the SRB staining assay. The 2D antimigratory effect was evaluated using an Oris™ platform. The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity was evaluated using Rh-123 as a fluorescent probe. The inhibition of tyrosinase-mediated melanogenesis was evaluated by colorimetric enzymatic assays. Our results show that melanoma cell proliferation was strongly inhibited by Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae), Bridelia ferruginea (Phyllanthaceae), D. ogea (Leguminosae), and Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) extracts (GI50 = 50 µg/ml). Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae), Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae), and Strophanthus hispidus (Apocynaceae) were preferentially toxic against Caco2 (GI50 = 50, 5 and 35 µg/ml, respectively). The most active extracts against different drug resistance mechanisms were B. ferruginea (inhibition of P-gp efflux, and impairing tyrosinase activity) and X. americana (inhibition of P-gp efflux). A. leiocarpus, Kaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), S. guineense, and Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae) significantly inhibited B16-F10 cell migration. Lupeol, ursolic acid, quercitrin, epicatechin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid were dereplicated by HPLC and HPTLC as their bioactive phytochemicals. In conclusion, the above in-vitro activities of herbal infusions regularly consumed by Nigerian diabetic patients may either act as a baseline chemoprotection or as sensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah AlQathama
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Yonbawi
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elisabetta Chieli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose M Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Otero-Romero S, Rodríguez-García J, Vilella A, Ara JR, Brieva L, Calles C, Carmona O, Casanova V, Costa-Frossard L, Eichau S, García-Merino JA, Garcia-Vidal C, González-Platas M, Llaneza M, Martínez-Ginés M, Meca-Lallana JE, Prieto JM, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Tintoré M, Blanco Y, Moral E. Recommendations for vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis who are eligible for immunosuppressive therapies: Spanish consensus statement. Neurologia 2020; 36:50-60. [PMID: 32561334 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent development of highly effective treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) and the potential risk of infectious complications require the development of prevention and risk minimisation strategies. Vaccination is an essential element of the management of these patients. This consensus statement includes a series of recommendations and practical scenarios for the vaccination of adult patients with MS who are eligible for highly effective immunosuppressive treatments. METHODOLOGY A formal consensus procedure was followed. Having defined the scope of the statement, we conducted a literature search on recommendations for the vaccination of patients with MS and specific vaccination guidelines for immunosuppressed patients receiving biological therapy for other conditions. The modified nominal group technique methodology was used to formulate the recommendations. DEVELOPMENT Vaccination in patients who are candidates for immunosuppressive therapy should be considered before starting immunosuppressive treatment providing the patient's clinical situation allows. Vaccines included in the routine adult vaccination schedule, as well as some specific ones, are recommended depending on the pre-existing immunity status. If immunosuppressive treatment is already established, live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated. For vaccines with a correlate of protection, it is recommended to monitor the serological response in an optimal interval of 1-2 months from the last dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Otero-Romero
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Departamento de Neurología/Neuroimmunología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - J Rodríguez-García
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
| | - A Vilella
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona-ISGlobal, Barcelona, España
| | - J R Ara
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
| | - L Brieva
- Servicio de Neurología. IRBLLEIDA. Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, España
| | - C Calles
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
| | - O Carmona
- Servicio de Neurología, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueras, Gerona, España
| | - V Casanova
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - L Costa-Frossard
- Servicio de Neurología, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica IRyCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - S Eichau
- Unidad CSUR de Esclerosis Múltiple, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | | | - C Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M González-Platas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, España
| | - M Llaneza
- Sección de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, La Coruña, España
| | | | - J E Meca-Lallana
- CSUR Esclerosis Múltiple, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Cátedra de Neuroinmunología Clínica y Esclerosis Múltiple, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, España
| | - J M Prieto
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
| | - A Rodríguez-Antigüedad
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, España
| | - M Tintoré
- Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Departamento de Neurología/Neuroimmunología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Y Blanco
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España
| | - E Moral
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Moises Broggi y Hospital General de L'Hospitalet, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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AlQathama A, Shao L, Bader A, Khondkar P, Gibbons S, M Prieto J. Differential Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Migratory Activities of Ursolic Acid, 3- O-Acetylursolic Acid and Their Combination Treatments with Quercetin on Melanoma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E894. [PMID: 32545262 PMCID: PMC7356947 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluate how 3-acetylation modulates the in vitro activity of ursolic acid in melanoma cells alone or in combination treatments with quercetin. Anti-proliferative studies on A375 cells and adult human dermal fibroblasts included analyses on cell cycle distribution, caspase activity, phosphatidylserine translocation, cell morphology and Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Then, 2D and 3D migration of B16F10 cells were studied using scratch and Transwell assays, respectively. Ursolic acid and 3-O-acetylursolic acid have shown similar GI50 on A375 cells (26 µM vs. 32 µM, respectively) significantly increased both early and late apoptotic populations, activated caspases 3/7 (48-72 h), and enhanced Bax whilst attenuating Bcl-2 expression. Ursolic acid caused elevation of the sub-G1 population whilst its 3-acetyl derivative arrested cell cycle at S phase and induced strong morphological changes. Combination treatments showed that ursolic acid and quercetin act synergistically in migration assays but not against cell proliferation. In summary, 3-O-acetylursolic acid maintains the potency and overall apoptotic mechanism of the parent molecule with a more aggressive influence on the morphology of A375 melanoma cells but the 3-acetylation suppresses its anti-migratory properties. We also found that ursolic acid can act in synergy with quercetin to reduce cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah AlQathama
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.S.); (P.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luying Shao
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.S.); (P.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Proma Khondkar
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.S.); (P.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Simon Gibbons
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.S.); (P.K.); (S.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, University East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jose M Prieto
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.S.); (P.K.); (S.G.)
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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11
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Fernández O, Aladro Y, Arroyo R, Brieva L, Calles-Hernández MC, Carrascal P, Comabella M, Costa-Frossard L, Eichau S, García-Merino JA, Ginestal R, González I, Izquierdo G, Martínez-Ginés ML, Meca-Lallana JE, Mendibe-Bilbao MM, Oterino A, Prieto JM, Río J, Ramió-Torrentà L, Romero-Pinel L, Téllez N, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A. 12th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the novelties from the 2019 ECTRIMS Congress (II). Rev Neurol 2020; 70:417-429. [PMID: 32436209 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7011.2020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Like every year, after the ECTRIMS Congress, renowned Spanish neurologists who are experts in multiple sclerosis presented the main novelties in research in this field at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting. AIM To summarise the content presented at the 12th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, which took place in September 2019 in Sevilla and is presented in two parts. DEVELOPMENT In this second part, the most recent evidence on the use of disease-modifying treatments during pregnancy is presented. Details are provided concerning the results of phase 3 clinical trials conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two potential disease-modifying treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: ponesimod and ofatumumab. For the progressive forms, both available disease modifying treatments and others still in the research phase are reviewed. In the field of stem cell therapies, the article includes the results of the only clinical trial carried out to date comparing patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and those treated with disease-modifying therapies. There are no important developments as regards symptomatic treatments, although the European Academy of Neurology has published a guide on palliative care. The various sources of information that collect pharmacovigilance data in the post-marketing setting are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed in recent years tend to have less severe multiple sclerosis, probably due to the fact that it is diagnosed in its milder stages together with the steady increase in the number of treatments available.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga. IBIMA, Málaga, España
| | - Y Aladro
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, España
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Quirón, Pozuelo de Alarcón, España
| | - Ll Brieva
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, España
| | | | | | - M Comabella
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, España
| | | | - S Eichau
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41003 Sevilla, España
| | - J A García-Merino
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28035 Majadahonda, España
| | - R Ginestal
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Oterino
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - J Río
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, España
| | | | - L Romero-Pinel
- Hospital General Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Hospitalet de Ll., España
| | - N Téllez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47005 Valladolid, España
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12
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Prieto JM, Carney PC, Miller ML, Rishniw M, Randolph JF, Lamb SV, Place NJ, Peterson ME. Short-term biological variation of serum thyroid hormones concentrations in clinically healthy cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 71:106389. [PMID: 31731251 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid disease is common in cats, but little is known about the biologic variability of serum thyroid hormone concentrations and its impact on diagnostic utility in either healthy cats or cats with thyroid disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological variation, index of individuality, and reference change values for thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in clinically healthy cats. Serum samples for analysis of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T4 by dialysis, and TSH were obtained weekly for 6 wk from 10 healthy cats, then frozen until single-batch analyzed. Data were evaluated for outliers, and we determined the CV within individual cats (CVI) and between individual cats (CVG) for each hormone and the variation between duplicates or analytical variation (CVA). The index of individuality and reference change values for each hormone were then calculated. Serum concentrations of total T4, free T4, T3, and TSH all showed greater variation between cats (CVG) than within cats (CVI). Total and free T4 had an intermediate index of individuality (1.1 and 1.2, respectively), suggesting that these hormones would be best evaluated by a combination of their population-based reference intervals and reference change values. Serum TSH concentrations had high index of individuality (1.8), suggesting this hormone would be best evaluated with reference change values rather than the population-based reference interval. Total T3 also had a high calculated index of individuality (1.8); however, T3 had high ratio of analytical variation (CVA) to within cat variation (CVI), so RCV could not be accurately calculated. This study demonstrates that clinically normal cats show considerable interindividual biological variation in serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations, whereas the intraindividual variability in hormone concentrations is much narrower. This suggests that for all serum thyroid hormones, but especially serum TSH and T3 concentrations, comparing individual cat's hormone results to a population-based reference interval may be misleading, especially in those with early or subclinical thyroid disease. Clinicians might improve the diagnosis of feline thyroid disease by establishing baseline concentrations of T4, free T4, T3, and TSH for individual cats (ideally when healthy) and applying reference change values to subsequent measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Prieto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - P C Carney
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M L Miller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Rishniw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J F Randolph
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S V Lamb
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N J Place
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M E Peterson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Prieto JM, Silveira D. Natural Cytotoxic Diterpenoids, a Potential Source of Drug Leads for Melanoma Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4237-4250. [PMID: 30636590 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190111143648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenes present complex structure and due to their unique carbon skeleton and interesting biological activities, have been the focus of continuous studies for the development of new anticancer agents. Phorbol esters have been known for their activity against skin malignancies since ancient times. Taxol was first studied in melanoma cells, and recently, ingenol mebutate has been approved for the chemoprevention of melanoma in actinic keratosis patients. Therefore, there is a scope for research on this class of compounds. We here aim to review the relevant original research reporting on isolated diterpenes with cytotoxic and/or antitumoral activities upon melanoma cells. By collating and discussing the implications of past and current developments on diterpenes, we hope to steer further interest on this field and facilitate the drug discovery activities of the scientific community towards finding potential alternatives to current melanoma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Prieto
- Natural Cytotoxic Diterpenoids, a Potential Source of Drug Leads for Melanoma Therapy, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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14
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Ezuruike UF, Chieli E, Prieto JM. In Vitro Modulation of Glibenclamide Transport by P-glycoprotein Inhibitory Antidiabetic African Plant Extracts. Planta Med 2019; 85:987-996. [PMID: 31350736 DOI: 10.1055/a-0948-9072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rise of diabetes incidence in Nigeria enhances the use of popular remedies that may interact with conventional therapies. The aqueous extracts of 27 popular Nigerian "antidiabetic" plants were tested for their in vitro effects on glutathione levels within HepG2 cells, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated Rh-123 efflux activity in Caco-2 vincristine-resistant cells, and modulation of glibenclamide transport in Caco-2 monolayers. The extract from Ximenia americana significantly depleted intracellular glutathione at 100 µg/mL similarly to the reference buthionine sulphoximine (p < 0.05). Other 10 extracts raised glutathione levels. Eight extracts inhibiting P-gp efflux in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.01) were selected for further evaluation in a bi-directional transport model across Caco-2 monolayers: Annona senegalensis, Bridellia ferruginea, Cassytha filiformis, Daniellia ogea, Khaya ivorensis, Syzygium guineense, Terminalia avicennioides, and X. americana. When interferences in paracellular transport were discarded, only 3 of them may be modulating the efflux ratio of glibenclamide (efflux ratio: 2.65 ± 0.13) in the same manner the reference drug verapamil (efflux ratio: 1.14 ± 0.25, p < 0.01) does: Syzygium guineense (efflux ratio: 1.70 ± 0.23, p < 0.01), Terminalia avicennioides (efflux ratio: 1.80 ± 0.25, p < 0.05), and X. americana (efflux ratio: 1.66 ± 0.10, p < 0.01). HPLC-UV analyses for P-gp inhibitors in these extracts revealed several phenolic compounds such as rutin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid reported to decrease P-gp expression and/or directly modify its function. In conclusion, some popular herbal medicines used by Nigerian diabetic patients are here shown to potentially affect glibenclamide absorption at concentrations that could be reached in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoamaka F Ezuruike
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Chieli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Dalton KP, Balseiro A, Juste RA, Podadera A, Nicieza I, Del Llano D, González R, Martin Alonso JM, Prieto JM, Parra F, Casais R. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:24-32. [PMID: 29885797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RHDVb has become the dominant RHDV on the Iberian Peninsula. A better understanding of its pathogenicity is required to aid control measures. Thus, the clinical course, humoral immune response, viraemia and kinetics of RHDV-N11 (a Spanish RHDVb isolate) infection in different tissues at both viral RNA and protein levels were studied in experimentally infected young and adult rabbits. The case fatality rate differed between the two age groups, with 21% of kits succumbing while no deaths were observed in adults. Fever and viremia were strongly associated with death, which occurred 48 h post infection (PI) too fast for an effective humoral immune response to be mounted. A significant effect on the number of viral RNA copies with regard to the variables age, tissue and time PI (p < 0.0001 in all cases) was detected. Histological lesions in infected rabbits were consistently more frequent and severe in liver and spleen and additionally intestine in kits, these tissues containing the highest levels of viral RNA and protein. Although no adults showed lesions or virus antigen in intestine, both kits and adults maintained steady viral RNA levels from days 1 to 7 PI in this organ. Analysis revealed the fecal route as the main dissemination route of RHDV-N11. Subclinically infected rabbits had detectable viral RNA in their faeces for up to seven days and thus may play an important role spreading the virus. This study allows a better understanding of the transmission of this virus and improvement of the control strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Dalton
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Balseiro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - R A Juste
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - A Podadera
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - I Nicieza
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - D Del Llano
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - R González
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - J M Martin Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J M Prieto
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
| | - F Parra
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus El Cristo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - R Casais
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de Biotecnología Animal, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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16
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Hanafi MMM, Afzan A, Yaakob H, Aziz R, Sarmidi MR, Wolfender JL, Prieto JM. In Vitro Pro-apoptotic and Anti-migratory Effects of Ficus deltoidea L. Plant Extracts on the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:895. [PMID: 29326585 PMCID: PMC5736988 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Ficus deltoidea L. on prostate cancer cells, identify the active compound/s and characterize their mechanism of actions. Two farmed varieties were studied, var. angustifolia (FD1) and var. deltoidea (FD2). Their crude methanolic extracts were partitioned into n-hexane (FD1h, FD2h) chloroform (FD1c, FD2c) and aqueous extracts (FD1a, FD2a). Antiproliferative fractions (IC50 < 30 μg/mL, SRB staining of PC3 cells) were further fractionated. Active compound/s were dereplicated using spectroscopic methods. In vitro mechanistic studies on PC3 and/or LNCaP cells included: annexin V-FITC staining, MMP depolarization measurements, activity of caspases 3 and 7, nuclear DNA fragmentation and cell cycle analysis, modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, Smac/Diablo, and Alox-5 mRNA gene expression by RT-PCR. Effects of cytotoxic fractions on 2D migration and 3D invasion were tested by exclusion assays and modified Boyden chamber, respectively. Their mechanisms of action on these tests were further studied by measuring the expression VEGF-A, CXCR4, and CXCL12 in PC3 cells by RT-PCR. FD1c and FD2c extracts induced cell death (P < 0.05) via apoptosis as evidenced by nuclear DNA fragmentation. This was accompanied by an increase in MMP depolarization (P < 0.05), activation of caspases 3 and 7 (P < 0.05) in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. All active plant extracts up-regulated Bax and Smac/DIABLO, down-regulated Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Both FD1c and FD2c were not cytotoxic against normal human fibroblast cells (HDFa) at the tested concentrations. Both plant extracts inhibited both migration and invasion of PC3 cells (P < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by down-regulation of both VEGF-A and CXCL-12 gene expressions (P < 0.001). LC–MS dereplication using taxonomy filters and molecular networking databases identified isovitexin in FD1c; and oleanolic acid, moretenol, betulin, lupenone, and lupeol in FD2c. In conclusion, FD1c and FD2c were able to overcome three main hallmarks of cancer in PC3 cells: (1) apoptosis by activating of the intrinsic pathway, (2) inhibition of both migration and invasion by modulating the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and (3) inhibiting angiogenesis by modulating VEGF-A expression. Moreover, isovitexin is here reported for the first time as an antiproliferative principle (IC50 = 43 μg/mL, SRB staining of PC3 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd M M Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Product, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ramlan Aziz
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad R Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Product, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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Al-Qathama A, Gibbons S, Prieto JM. Differential modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and onset of caspase-3/7 activation induced by derivatives of Justicidin B in human melanoma cells A375. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95999-96012. [PMID: 29221182 PMCID: PMC5707076 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphyllin and its derivatives are well known cytotoxic natural products structurally related to the anti-cancer drug podophyllotoxin. We here study their structure-activity relationship upon human melanoma cells for first time. To this end, human melanoma A375 cells were incubated with Justicidin B and its 4-methoxylated or 4-glycosylated derivatives to evaluate their selective cytotoxicity and study their effects on cell cycle distribution, caspase activation, apoptosis induction using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, cell morphology and western blot analysis. Diphyllin methyl ether (GI50 = 3.66 μM) and Justicidin B (GI50 = 1.70 μM) caused an elevation of both early and late apoptosis populations whereas Diphyllin apioside (GI50 = 0.84 μM) and its acetate (GI50= 0.39 μM) enhanced late apoptosis population only (Annexin V-positive/PI-positive). All induced cell cycle arrest at S phase and classic morphological indicators of apoptosis (blebbing, apoptotic bodies, and nuclear fragmentation) accompanied with an elevation of cells with low DNA content (sub-G1). All compounds increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by enhancing Bax expression which evidences the involvement of the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway) in the apoptotic process. These caspase-3/7 results evidence that 4-methoxylation or 4-O-glycosylation of Justicidin B -a caspase independent mitochondrial apoptosis-inducer- triggers caspase-3/7 activation at different times (24h vs. 48h, respectively). Interestingly, the methoxylation causes attenuation of Bcl-2 protein expression contrarily to Diphyllin methyl ether or the O-glycosylated derivatives. Finally, the compounds exhibited significantly less toxicity when tested in adult human dermal fibroblasts and their GI50 in melanoma Sk-Mel-5 cells was not influenced by MDR1/Pgp inhibitors. This study may inform the synthesis of future Diphyllin derivatives with different apoptosis mechanism of action towards human melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah Al-Qathama
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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18
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Fernandez O, Oterino A, Oreja-Guevara C, Prieto JM, Mendibe-Bilbao MM, Garcia-Merino JA, Ramio-Torrenta L, Ginestal R, Meca-Lallana JE, Romero-Pinel L, Munoz D, Oliva-Nacarino P, Calles-Hernandez MC, Izquierdo G, Martinez-Gines ML, Saiz A, Comabella M, Casanova-Estruch B, Brieva L, Arroyo R, Rodriguez-Antiguedad A. Review of the novelties from the 32nd ECTRIMS Congress, 2016, presented at the 9th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting (II). Rev Neurol 2017; 65:75-84. [PMID: 28675259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the ninth year in a row the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting has been held in Madrid (Spain) with the aim of presenting and discussing the hottest issues debated at the ECTRIMS Congress by renowned specialists in multiple sclerosis in our country. One outcome of this scientific activity, endorsed by the Spanish Neurology Society, is this review article, which is published in two parts. This second part reflects the current controversy over the management of multiple sclerosis, especially as regards the progressive forms and their differential diagnosis. The work presents the latest advances in remyelination, where the use of the micropillar technique in laboratory stands out, and in neuroprotection, which is reviewed through a study of the optic nerve. Anti-CD20 antibodies are a very promising development and we find ourselves before a new mechanism of action and therapeutic target in cells to which little attention has been paid to date. Another notable fact is the high correlation between the levels of neurofilaments in cerebrospinal fluid and in serum, which could make it possible to avoid the use of cerebrospinal fluid as a biological sample in future studies of biomarkers. The review also provides a preview of the advances in clinical research, which will converge in clinical practice in the future, thereby conditioning the steps that should be taken in the therapeutic management of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernandez
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Espana
| | - A Oterino
- Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Espana
| | | | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Espana
| | | | - J A Garcia-Merino
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28035 Majadahonda, Espana
| | | | - R Ginestal
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Espana
| | | | - L Romero-Pinel
- Hospital General Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Espana
| | - D Munoz
- Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Espana
| | - P Oliva-Nacarino
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Espana
| | | | - G Izquierdo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41003 Sevilla, Espana
| | | | - A Saiz
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. Institut Clinic de Malalties del Sistema Nervios, 08036 Barcelona, Espana
| | - M Comabella
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | | | - Ll Brieva
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Espana
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Espana
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Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system disease in young adults, and one of the leading causes of disability in this age group. Objectives To establish the prevalence and incidence of MS in Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Material and methods We performed a prospective, case-finding study on >90188 inhabitants, from 1 January 1998 to 15 September 2003, selected as day of prevalence. Sources of information were the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, the hospitals and private clinics of the city, rehabilitators, pediatricians, ophthalmologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, specialists in internal medicine, primary care physicians, association of patients of MS, social services and nongovernmental and religious associations. Informative days were programmed for the susceptible population, and campaigns were carried out in the media. All patients with Poser diagnostic criteria for MS, on the census of Santiago de Compostela as of 15 September 2003, were included in the study. Results On the day of prevalence, 71 patients with MS were registered on the census of Santiago de Compostela, therefore, the prevalence was 79 cases per 100000 inhabitants. The incidence of the disease in the study period was 5.3 cases per 100000 inhabitants and year. Conclusions The prevalence and incidence rates of MS found in Santiago de Compostela are the highest reported, to date, in Spain. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 262–264. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ares
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Galicia P Barrié de la Maza, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Mazzari ALD, Frangos S, Silveira D, de Assis Rocha Neves F, Milton F, Carvalho AC, Prieto JM. Preclinical pharmacokinetic profile of four traditional medicinal plants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.10.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mazzari ALDA, Milton F, Frangos S, Carvalho ACB, Silveira D, de Assis Rocha Neves F, Prieto JM. In vitro Effects of Four Native Brazilian Medicinal Plants in CYP3A4 mRNA Gene Expression, Glutathione Levels, and P-Glycoprotein Activity. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:265. [PMID: 27594838 PMCID: PMC4991120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrina mulungu Benth. (Fabaceae), Cordia verbenacea A. DC. (Boraginaceae), Solanum paniculatum L. (Solanaceae) and Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) are medicinal plant species native to Brazil shortlisted by the Brazilian National Health System for future clinical use. However, nothing is known about their effects in metabolic and transporter proteins, which could potentially lead to herb-drug interactions (HDI). In this work, we assess non-toxic concentrations (100 μg/mL) of the plant infusions for their in vitro ability to modulate CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression and intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells, as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in vincristine-resistant Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 VCR). Their mechanisms of action were further studied by measuring the activation of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) in transiently co-transfected HeLa cells and the inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in HepG2 cells. Our results show that P-gp activity was not affected in any case and that only Solanum paniculatum was able to significantly change CYP3A4 mRNA gene expression (twofold decrease, p < 0.05), this being correlated with an antagonist effect upon hPXR (EC50 = 0.38 mg/mL). Total intracellular glutathione levels were significantly depleted by exposure to Solanum paniculatum (-44%, p < 0.001), Lippia sidoides (-12%, p < 0.05) and Cordia verbenacea (-47%, p < 0.001). The latter plant extract was able to decrease GGT activity (-48%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this preclinical study shows that the administration of some of these herbal medicines may be able to cause disturbances to metabolic mechanisms in vitro. Although Erythrina mulungu appears safe in our tests, active pharmacovigilance is recommended for the other three species, especially in the case of Solanum paniculatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L D A Mazzari
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Flora Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | - Samantha Frangos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Ana C B Carvalho
- Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, Coordenação de Medicamentos Fitoterápicos e Dinamizados Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
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Pato-Pato A, Midaglia L, Costa-Arpin E, Rodriguez-Regal A, Puy-Nunez A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez M, Lopez-Real A, Llaneza-Gonzalez MA, Garcia-Estevez DA, Moreno-Carretero MJ, Escriche-Jaime D, Aguado-Valcarcel ML, Munoz D, Prieto JM, Lorenzo-Gonzalez JR, Amigo-Jorrin MC. [Fingolimod: effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice. An observational, retrospective, multi-centre study in Galicia]. Rev Neurol 2016; 63:S13-S18. [PMID: 27658431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have been proven in clinical trials. Yet, due to their limitations, it is important to know how it behaves under everyday clinical practice conditions. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod after 12 months' usage in clinical practice in Galicia. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective, multi-centre study (n = 8) of patients with RRMS who were treated with one or more doses of fingolimod, 0.5 mg/day. Effectiveness was assessed -annualised relapse rate (ARR), changes in the score on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), percentage of patients free from relapses, free from progression of disability and free from activity in resonance- for the total number of patients and according to previous treatment. Safety was assessed based on the percentage of patients who withdrew and presented adverse side effects. RESULTS After 12 months' use, fingolimod reduced the ARR by 87% (1.7 to 0.23; p < 0.0001) and, consequently, 81% of patients were free from relapses. The score was reduced by 9%. In all, 91% of patients were free from progression of disability and 72% were free from resonance activity. No signs of disease activity were found in 43% of the patients. Most of the benefits of fingolimod differed depending on previous treatment. About a third of the patients reported adverse side effects, but only 2% of them withdrew for this reason. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, most of the results on the effectiveness of the clinical trials conducted with fingolimod were observed during the first 12 months of treatment. A better safety profile was observed than that reported in the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Midaglia
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | - E Costa-Arpin
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Espana
| | | | - A Puy-Nunez
- Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, 36001 Pontevedra, Espana
| | | | - A Lopez-Real
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo, 15006 A Coruna, Espana
| | - M A Llaneza-Gonzalez
- Complejo Hospitalario Arquitecto Marcide - Profesor Novoa Santos, 15405 El Ferrol, Espana
| | | | | | | | | | - D Munoz
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Espana
| | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Espana
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23
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Rio J, Rovira A, Blanco Y, Sainz A, Perkal H, Robles R, Ramio-Torrenta L, Diaz RM, Arroyo R, Urbaneja P, Fernandez O, Garcia-Merino JA, Reyes MP, Oreja-Guevara C, Prieto JM, Izquierdo G, Olascoaga J, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Simon E, Pujal B, Comabella M, Montalban X. [Response to treatment with interferon beta in patients with multiple sclerosis. Validation of the Rio Score]. Rev Neurol 2016; 63:145-150. [PMID: 27439483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different criteria have been proposed for the response to treatment with interferon beta, and the Rio Score is one of the most widely used. The aim of this study was to validate the usefulness of the Rio Score in an independent cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multi-centre, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta. The patients were classified according to the presence of attacks, active lesions (new in T2 or gadolinium enhancing lesions) in magnetic resonance imaging, a confirmed increase in disability or combinations of these variables (attacks, increase on the Expanded Disability Status Scale and active lesions) after one year's treatment. Regression analysis was used in order to identify the response-predicting variables after a three-year follow-up. RESULTS The sample consisted of 249 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The logistic model confirmed that the presence of two (odds ratio = 6.6; CI 95% = 2.7-16.1; p < 0.0001) or three (odds ratio = 8.5; CI 95% = 1.6-46; p < 0.01) positive variables during the first year of treatment were indicative of a significant risk of activity (attacks or progression) in the next two years. CONCLUSIONS The usefulness of the Rio Score is confirmed, in an independent cohort, as a means of identifying patients with a higher risk of developing clinical activity or progression of disability during treatment with interferon beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rio
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | - A Rovira
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | - Y Blanco
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Espana
| | - A Sainz
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Espana
| | - H Perkal
- Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Espana
| | - R Robles
- Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Espana
| | | | - R M Diaz
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Espana
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Espana
| | - P Urbaneja
- Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Espana
| | - O Fernandez
- Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Espana
| | | | - M P Reyes
- Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Espana
| | - C Oreja-Guevara
- UAM. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Espana
| | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Espana
| | - G Izquierdo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41003 Sevilla, Espana
| | - J Olascoaga
- Hospital Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Espana
| | | | - E Simon
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | - B Pujal
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | - M Comabella
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | - X Montalban
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
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Ezuruike U, Prieto JM. Assessment of Potential Herb-Drug Interactions among Nigerian Adults with Type-2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:248. [PMID: 27559312 PMCID: PMC4978708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that patients with diabetes do not rely only on prescription drugs for their disease management. The use of herbal medicines is one of the self-management practices adopted by these patients, often without the knowledge of their healthcare practitioners. This study assessed the potential for pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions (HDIs) amongst Nigerian adult diabetic patients. This was done through a literature analysis of the pharmacokinetic profile of their herbal medicines and prescription drugs, based on information obtained from 112 patients with type-2 diabetes attending two secondary health care facilities in Nigeria. Fifty percent of the informants used herbal medicines alongside their prescription drugs. Worryingly, 60% of the patients taking herbal medicines did not know their identity, thus increasing the risk of unidentified HDIs. By comparing the pharmacokinetic profile of eight identified herbs taken by the patients for the management of diabetes against those of the prescription drugs, several scenarios of potential HDIs were identified and their clinical relevance is discussed. The lack of clinical predictors points toward cultural factors as the influence for herb use, making it more difficult to identify these patients and in turn monitor potential HDIs. In identifying these possible interactions, we have highlighted the need for healthcare professionals to promote a proactive monitoring of patients' use of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoamaka Ezuruike
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University College London School of Pharmacy London, UK
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Fernandez O, Rodriguez-Antiguedad A, Olascoaga J, Oreja-Guevara C, Prieto JM, Mendibe-Bilbao MM, Garcia-Merino JA, Ramio-Torrenta L, Ginestal R, Meca-Lallana JE, Romero-Pinel L, Munoz D, Saiz A, Calles-Hernandez MC, Izquierdo G, Villar LM, Oliva-Nacarino P, Arnal-Garcia C, Comabella M, Brieva L, Arroyo R, Montalban X. Review of the novelties from the 31st ECTRIMS Congress, 2015, presented at the 8th Post-ECTRIMS meeting. Rev Neurol 2016; 62:559-569. [PMID: 27270678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Renowned national specialists in multiple sclerosis (MS) met, for the eighth year in a row, to give details of the latest novelties presented at the last ECTRIMS Congress 2015, which are included in this review. One of the highlights at this Congress was the new classification of the phenotypes of MS. Both the diagnostic criteria of the neuromyelitis optica spectrum and the problems involved in the differential diagnosis derived from the lack of definition of the radiological spectrum were reviewed. The microbiota comes to the fore as a possible factor determining the disease, together with extrinsic factors such as tobacco, salt ingestion or vitamin D deficiency. Advances made in immunomodulation are driving the progress being made in the treatment of MS. Ocrelizumab is the first treatment with positive results in the primarily progressive forms and tocilizumab, a drug product for rheumatoid arthritis, stands out as a potential candidate for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica. Certain antibiotics and vitamins could also play a role in the treatment of MS. In this edition of the Congress special attention was paid to personalised therapy. To date, 11 drugs have been approved for use in Europe. There is a need for therapeutic algorithms that help us to choose the best treatment for each patient. Likewise, we need to be able to identify, in the early stages of the disease, the risk of developing disability, so as to be able to design therapeutic strategies. To do so, molecular biomarkers and other predictive tools are required. The problems that still exist in software technology in magnetic resonance hinder its application in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernandez
- Fundacion IMABIS, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, 29190 Malaga, Espana
| | | | - J Olascoaga
- Hospital Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Espana
| | | | - J M Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Espana
| | | | - J A Garcia-Merino
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28035 Majadahonda, Espana
| | | | - R Ginestal
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Espana
| | | | - L Romero-Pinel
- Hospital General Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Espana
| | - D Munoz
- Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Espana
| | - A Saiz
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona. Institut Clinic de Malalties del Sistema Nervios, 08036 Barcelona, Espana
| | | | - G Izquierdo
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41003 Sevilla, Espana
| | | | - P Oliva-Nacarino
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Espana
| | - C Arnal-Garcia
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18013 Granada, Espana
| | - M Comabella
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | - Ll Brieva
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Espana
| | - R Arroyo
- Hospital Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Espana
| | - X Montalban
- Hospitals Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
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Prieto JM, Mellinas-Gomez M, Zloh M. Application of diffusion-edited and solvent suppression ¹H-NMR to the direct analysis of markers in valerian-hop liquid herbal products. Phytochem Anal 2016; 27:100-106. [PMID: 26763752 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rising trend to consume herbal products for the treatment and/or prevention of minor ailments together with their chemical and pharmacological complexity means there is an urgent need to develop new approaches to their quality and stability. OBJECTIVES This work looks at the application of one-dimensional diffusion-edited (1)H-NMR spectroscopy (1D DOSY) and (1)H-NMR with suppression of the ethanol and water signals to the characterisation of quality and stability markers in multi-component herbal medicines/food supplements. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiments were performed with commercial tinctures of Valeriana officinalis L. (valerian), expired and non-expired, as well as its combination with Hummulus lupulus L. (hops), which is one of the most popular blends of relaxant herbs. These techniques did not require purification or evaporation of components for the qualitative analysis of the mixture, but only the addition of D2 O and TSP. RESULTS The best diagnostic signals were found at δ 7 ppm (H-11, valerenic acid), δ 4.2 ppm (H-1, hydroxyvalerenic acid) and δ 1.5-1.8 ppm (methyl groups in prenylated moieties, α-acids/prenylated flavones). CONCLUSION This work concludes on the potential value of 1D DOSY (1)H-NMR to provide additional assurance of quality in complex natural mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Maria Mellinas-Gomez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mire Zloh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and accounts for about 3% of all cases of malignant tumour. Its incidence is increasing worldwide and it is becoming resistant to current therapeutic agents. Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. This paper systematically and critically surveys all natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and maps the mechanisms of action for these underexploited properties. As a result, over 30 natural active principles are described acting mainly through their antagonistic effects upon the TNF-α and EP2 receptors or the suppression of several protein kinases involved in metastatic pathways such as RAS, PI3K, ERK and FAK. Also, some were able to reduce the level of mesenchymal biomarkers such as N-cadherin and/or elevate the expression of other molecules such as E-cadherin. Consequently, downstream transcription factors namely NF-kB, AP-1, ATF-2, CREB, and HIF were inactivated leading to diminished production of MMPs, IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, VEGF and GM-CSF. This review also discusses the opportunity of combination therapies based on natural products and approved drugs, such as the combination of EGCG and dacarbazine, or the combination of two natural compounds such as quercetin and sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A AlQathama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK.
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Mazzari ALDA, Prieto JM. Corrigendum: Herbal medicines in Brazil: pharmacokinetic profile and potential herb-drug interactions. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:23. [PMID: 25805992 PMCID: PMC4354309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University College London London, UK
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Les F, Prieto JM, Arbonés-Mainar JM, Valero MS, López V. Bioactive properties of commercialised pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice: antioxidant, antiproliferative and enzyme inhibiting activities. Food Funct 2015; 6:2049-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice exerts antioxidant and protective effects, antiproliferative activity in cancer cells and inhibits COX-2 and MAO-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- San Jorge University
- Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza)
- Spain
| | - Jose M. Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry
- UCL School of Pharmacy
- London
- UK
| | - Jose Miguel Arbonés-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat)
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet
- Zaragoza
| | - Marta Sofía Valero
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- San Jorge University
- Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza)
- Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- San Jorge University
- Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza)
- Spain
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30
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Bader A, Martini F, Schinella GR, Rios JL, Prieto JM. Modulation of Cox-1, 5-, 12- and 15-Lox by popular herbal remedies used in southern Italy against psoriasis and other skin diseases. Phytother Res 2014; 29:108-13. [PMID: 25278440 PMCID: PMC4303945 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acanthus mollis (Acanthaceae), Achillea ligustica, Artemisia arborescens and Inula viscosa (Asteraceae) are used in Southern Italy against psoriasis and other skin diseases that occur with an imbalanced production of eicosanoids. We here assessed their in vitro effects upon 5-, 12-, 15-LOX and COX-1 enzymes as well as NFκB activation in intact cells as their possible therapeutic targets. All methanol crude extracts inhibited both 5-LOX and COX-1 activities under 200 µg/mL, without significant effects on the 12-LOX pathway or any relevant in vitro free radical scavenging activity. NFκB activation was prevented by all extracts but A. mollis. Interestingly, A. ligustica, A. arborescens and A. mollis increased the biosynthesis of 15(S)-HETE, an anti-inflammatory eicosanoid. A. ligustica (IC50 =49.5 µg/mL) was superior to Silybum marianum (IC50 =147.8 µg/mL), which we used as antipsoriatic herbal medicine of reference. Its n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions had also inhibitory effects on the LTB4 biosynthesis (IC50 s=9.6, 20.3 and 68 µg/mL, respectively) evidencing that the apolar extracts of A. ligustica are promising active herbal ingredients for future phytotherapeutical products targeting psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Fernandez O, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Arnal-Garcia C, Arroyo-Gonzalez R, Brieva L, Calles-Hernandez MC, Casanova-Estruch B, Comabella M, Garcia-Merino JA, Izquierdo G, Meca-Lallana JE, Mendibe-Bilbao MM, Munoz-Garcia D, Olascoaga J, Oliva-Nacarino P, Oreja-Guevara C, Prieto JM, Ramio-Torrenta L, Romero-Pinel L, Saiz A, Rodriguez-Antiguedad A, Grupo Post-Ectrims GPE. Review of the novelties presented at the 29th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) (I). Rev Neurol 2014; 59:269-280. [PMID: 25190340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant data presented at the 29th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), held in October 2013 in Denmark, were summarised at the sixth edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Expert Meeting, held in Madrid in October 2013, resulting in this review, to be published in three parts. This first part of the Post-ECTRIMS review presents an update on gender differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as new evidence on the impact of sex hormones on the disease. We should consider that there is still much to discover with regard to the genetic components of the disease. Similarly, possible infections and lifestyle habits are added as triggers of the known environmental risk factors for MS. The interaction between genetics and the environment has been increasingly implicated as a cause of susceptibility to MS. With regard to the mechanisms of inflammation, axo-glial proteins, instead of myelin proteins, may be the early antigenic targets, and B cells have been implicated in the production of cytokines toxic to oligodendrocytes. Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is validated as a prognostic marker of conversion to MS, and immunoglobulin M oligoclonal bands and L-selectin could be incorporated as possible measures of the risk stratification strategy in patients treated with natalizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernandez
- Fundacion IMABIS, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, 29190 Malaga, Espana
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Ezuruike UF, Prieto JM. The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and toxicological considerations. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:857-924. [PMID: 24929108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on the available evidence on the species׳ pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country׳s healthcare system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Nigeria. 'Diabetes' and 'Nigeria' were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then 'Plant name - accepted or synonyms', 'Constituents', 'Drug interaction' and/or 'Toxicity' for the secondary searches. RESULTS The hypoglycemic effect of over a hundred out of the 115 plants reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. One-third of the plants have been studied for their mechanism of action, while isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) has been accomplished for twenty three plants. Some plants showed specific organ toxicity, mostly nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic, with direct effects on the levels of some liver function enzymes. Twenty eight plants have been identified as in vitro modulators of P-glycoprotein and/or one or more of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, while eleven plants altered the levels of phase 2 metabolic enzymes, chiefly glutathione, with the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. CONCLUSION This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants used in diabetes management so as to ensure a more rational use. By anticipating potential toxicities or possible herb-drug interactions, significant risks which would otherwise represent a burden on the country׳s healthcare system can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoamaka F Ezuruike
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
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Mazzari ALDA, Prieto JM. Herbal medicines in Brazil: pharmacokinetic profile and potential herb-drug interactions. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:162. [PMID: 25071580 PMCID: PMC4087670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of active compounds found in herbal medicines can serve as substrate for enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. When a medicinal plant is co-administered with a conventional drug and little or no information is known about the pharmacokinetics of the plant metabolites, there is an increased risk of potential herb-drug interactions. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms in a population may act to predispose individuals to adverse reactions. The use of herbal medicines is rapidly increasing in many countries, particularly Brazil where the vast biodiversity is a potential source of new and more affordable treatments for numerous conditions. Accordingly, the Brazilian Unified Public Health System (SUS) produced a list of 71 plant species of interest, which could be made available to the population in the near future. Physicians at SUS prescribe a number of essential drugs and should herbal medicines be added to this system the chance of herb-drug interactions further increases. A review of the effects of these medicinal plants on Phase 1 and Phase 2 metabolic mechanisms and the transporter P-glycoprotein was conducted. The results have shown that approximately half of these medicinal plants lack any pharmacokinetic data. Moreover, most of the studies carried out are in vitro. Only a few reports on herb-drug interactions with essential drugs prescribed by SUS were found, suggesting that very little attention is being given to the safety of herbal medicines. Here we have taken this information to discuss the potential interactions between herbal medicines and essential drugs prescribed to Brazilian patients whilst taking into account the most common polymorphisms present in the Brazilian population. A number of theoretical interactions are pinpointed but more pharmacokinetic studies and pharmacovigilance data are needed to ascertain their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L D A Mazzari
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
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Fernández O, García-Merino JA, Arroyo R, Álvarez-Cermeño JC, Izquierdo G, Saiz A, Olascoaga J, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Prieto JM, Oreja-Guevara C, Hernández MA, Moral E, Meca J, Montalbán X. Spanish consensus on the use of natalizumab (Tysabri®)-2013. Neurologia 2013; 30:302-14. [PMID: 24360652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natalizumab treatment has been shown to be very efficacious in clinical trials and very effective in clinical practice in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, by reducing relapses, slowing disease progression, and improving magnetic resonance imaging patterns. However, the drug has also been associated with a risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The first consensus statement on natalizumab use, published in 2011, has been updated to include new data on diagnostic procedures, monitoring for patients undergoing treatment, PML management, and other topics of interest including the management of patients discontinuing natalizumab. MATERIAL AND METHODS This updated version followed the method used in the first consensus. A group of Spanish experts in multiple sclerosis (the authors of the present document) reviewed all currently available literature on natalizumab and identified the relevant topics would need updating based on their clinical experience. The initial draft passed through review cycles until the final version was completed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Studies in clinical practice have demonstrated that changing to natalizumab is more effective than switching between immunomodulators. They favour early treatment with natalizumab rather than using natalizumab in a later stage as a rescue therapy. Although the drug is very effective, its potential adverse effects need to be considered, with particular attention to the patient's likelihood of developing PML. The neurologist should carefully explain the risks and benefits of the treatment, comparing them to the risks of multiple sclerosis in terms the patient can understand. Before treatment is started, laboratory tests and magnetic resonance images should be available to permit proper follow-up. The risk of PML should be stratified as high, medium, or low according to presence or absence of anti-JC virus antibodies, history of immunosuppressive therapy, and treatment duration. Although the presence of anti-JC virus antibodies is a significant finding, it should not be considered an absolute contraindication for natalizumab. This update provides general recommendations, but neurologists must use their clinical expertise to provide personalised follow-up for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación de Málaga en Biomedicina y Salud, Málaga, España.
| | - J A García-Merino
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, España
| | - R Arroyo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - J C Álvarez-Cermeño
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - G Izquierdo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - A Saiz
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clinic, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, España
| | - J Olascoaga
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastián, España
| | | | - J M Prieto
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - C Oreja-Guevara
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - M A Hernández
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ntra. Sra. de la Candelaria, Tenerife, España
| | - E Moral
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, España
| | - J Meca
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - X Montalbán
- Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (CEMCAT), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
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Fernandez O, Arnal-Garcia C, Arroyo-Gonzalez R, Brieva L, Calles-Hernandez MC, Casanova-Estruch B, Comabella M, de Las Heras V, Garcia-Merino JA, Hernandez-Perez MA, Izquierdo G, Matas E, Meca-Lallana JE, Mendibe-Bilbao MM, Munoz-Garcia D, Olascoaga J, Oreja-Guevara C, Prieto JM, Ramio-Torrenta L, Rodriguez-Antiguedad A, Saiz A, Tellez N, Villar LM, Tintore M, Grupo Post-Ectrims GPE. Review of the novelties presented at the 28th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) (II). Rev Neurol 2013; 57:269-281. [PMID: 24008938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant data presented at the 28th edition of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) held in October 2012 in France have been summarised in the fifth edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Expert Meeting held in Madrid in October 2012. This review is the result of the meeting, which is being published in three parts. This second part of the Post-ECTRIMS review discusses the biology of recovery and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as the different repair and endogenous and exogenous remyelination strategies currently being evaluated based on the fact that resident microglia and oligodendroglial progenitor cells have been implicated in the remyelination process. This review also discusses the current state and future use of biomarkers in MS and proposes as markers of neurodegeneration the following: T2 lesion volume and brain atrophy using MRI and the loss of the ganglion cell layer as assessed by optical coherence tomography. A greater future utility for double inversion recovery (DIR) sequences is proposed to correlate cognitive impairment with MS impairment, given its higher diagnostic yield in locating and defining cortical lesions. The availability of novel biomarkers in the future requires strict validation. In this context, this paper proposes possible areas of action to improve the current situation and also presents the latest research results in identifying potential candidates with useful diagnostic characteristics, prognostic characteristics, treatment responses, and safety procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernandez
- Fundacion IMABIS, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, 29190 Malaga, Espana.
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Guzman JD, Evangelopoulos D, Gupta A, Prieto JM, Gibbons S, Bhakta S. Antimycobacterials from lovage root (Ligusticum officinale Koch). Phytother Res 2013; 27:993-8. [PMID: 22899555 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The n-hexane extract of Lovage root was found to significantly inhibit the growth of both Mycobacterium smegmatis mc²155 and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and therefore a bioassay-guided isolation strategy was undertaken. (Z)-Ligustilide, (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide, (E)-3-butylidenephthalide, 3-butylphthalide, α-prethapsenol, falcarindiol, levistolide A, psoralen and bergapten were isolated by chromatographic techniques, characterized by NMR spectroscopy and MS, and evaluated for their growth inhibition activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv using the whole-cell phenotypic spot culture growth inhibition assay (SPOTi). Cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells was employed for assessing their degree of selectivity. Falcarindiol was the most potent compound with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 20 mg/L against the virulent H₃₇Rv strain; however, it was found to be cytotoxic with a half-growth inhibitory concentration (GIC₅₀) in the same order of magnitude (SI < 1). Interestingly the sesquiterpene alcohol α-prethapsenol was found to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic mycobacteria with an MIC value of 60 mg/L, being more specific towards mycobacteria than mammalian cells (SI ~ 2). Colony forming unit analysis at different concentrations of this phytochemical showed mycobacteriostatic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Guzman
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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Millán J, Casais R, Colomar V, Bach E, Prieto JM, Velarde R. Experimental infection of wild-caught European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Sarcoptes scabiei from a naturally infected wild rabbit. Med Vet Entomol 2013; 27:232-235. [PMID: 22958077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Scabies was recently reported for the first time in the European wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae). We experimentally exposed 10 seronegative wild-caught rabbits to skin from a mangy wild rabbit. Serological, physiological, parasitological and histopathological changes were recorded. Three rabbits developed antibodies at 2-5 weeks post-infection (w.p.i.), two of which then developed lesions at 7 w.p.i. One of these had a small area of alopecia on the hind limb that healed naturally within 1 week; the other developed more extensive lesions restricted to the hind limbs (as typically observed in wild rabbits) that lasted until the rabbit died (12.5 w.p.i.). The third rabbit died of trauma 5 w.p.i. before developing any lesions. Antibodies in the healed rabbit disappeared from serum at 8 w.p.i., whereas antibody levels in the sick rabbit increased until its death. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic necrosis, probably arising from a concomitant infection with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus, were the likely final cause of death in this rabbit. The mangy rabbit that served as a donor died of a multifocal fibrinosuppurative pneumonia that may have been secondary to the skin bacterial pyoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Millán
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Prieto JM, Ogunsina MO, Novak A, Joshi A, Kokai J, Rocha IDC, de Santayana MP. Comparative Study of the in vitro Bioactivities of Bupleurum rigidum and B. fruticescens. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoctions of the aerial parts of either Bupleurum rigidum or B. fruticescens are equally used in certain parts of Spain for the treatment of topical and musculoskeletal inflammations. In the present paper, their phytochemical profile and pharmacological value has been compared. After chromatographic and spectral analyses we could establish the presence of rutin and absence of chlorogenic acid in B. fruticescens, whilst the contrary applies to B. rigidum, providing a means to chemically differentiate extracts and dry materials from the two species. Their free radical scavenging and antiperoxidative activities were similar, with B. fruticescens being more active overall. The infusions of both Bupleurum species also showed similar anti-inflammatory activity when tested by NF-κB assay (40% and 42% at 60 μg·mL−1), as well as in a hexosaminidase exocytosis assay (30% at 50 μg·mL−1). Antimigratory effects on rat melanoma B16F10 showed significant activity for both infusions, with B. rigidum twice as potent as B. fruticescens, the activity of the latter not being fully explained by its content of rutin. Taking all these results together, we can conclude that, in the selected experimental models, there exist an in vitro bioequivalence of the infusions from both species, which is in agreement with the majority of ethnopharmacological reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Prieto
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Makanjuola O. Ogunsina
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Novak
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Joshi
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Kokai
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Da Costa Rocha
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Pardo de Santayana
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Prieto JM, Ogunsina MO, Novak A, Joshi A, Kokai J, Rocha IDC, de Santayana MP. Comparative study of the in vitro bioactivities of Bupleurum rigidum and B. fruticescens. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:757-760. [PMID: 22816301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decoctions of the aerial parts of either Bupleurum rigidum or B. fruticescens are equally used in certain parts of Spain for the treatment of topical and musculoskeletal inflammations. In the present paper, their phytochemical profile and pharmacological value has been compared. After chromatographic and spectral analyses we could establish the presence of rutin and absence of chlorogenic acid in B. fruticescens, whilst the contrary applies to B. rigidum, providing a means to chemically differentiate extracts and dry materials from the two species. Their free radical scavenging and antiperoxidative activities were similar, with B. fruticescens being more active overall. The infusions of both Bupleurum species also showed similar anti-inflammatory activity when tested by NF-kappaB assay (40% and 42% at 60 microg x mL(-1)), as well as in a hexosaminidase exocytosis assay (30% at 50 microg x mL(-1)). Antimigratory effects on rat melanoma B16F10 showed significant activity for both infusions, with B. rigidum twice as potent as B. fruticescens, the activity of the latter not being fully explained by its content of rutin. Taking all these results together, we can conclude that, in the selected experimental models, there exist an in vitro bioequivalence of the infusions from both species, which is in agreement with the majority of ethnopharmacological reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Prieto
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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40
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Fernández O, García-Merino JA, Arroyo R, Álvarez-Cermeño JC, Arbizu T, Izquierdo G, Saiz A, Olascoaga J, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Prieto JM, Oreja-Guevara C, Hernández MA, Montalbán X. Spanish consensus on the use of natalizumab (Tysabri(®))--2011. Neurologia 2011; 27:432-41. [PMID: 22078648 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natalizumab is very effective at reducing relapses and delaying disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, treatment has also been associated with a risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The aim of this article is to provide a consensus view on the assessment and stratification of these risks, and to improve the management of natalizumab-treated patients. DEVELOPMENT At an initial meeting of experts on multiple sclerosis (the authors of this consensus), the relevant topics of the consensus were determined and assigned for further elaboration. Topics included how to establish benefit and risk in general, stratification for risk of PML, informing patients of benefits/risks, and how to monitor patients during treatment and after discontinuing treatment. During the drafting phase, all available information published or presented at international meetings was reviewed. After a series of review sessions and meetings, the final draft was produced. CONCLUSIONS Although natalizumab is a very effective drug, its use needs to be considered carefully in view of possible adverse effects and the risk of PML in particular. The neurologist should carefully explain the risks and benefits of treatment in terms the patient can best understand. Before starting treatment, baseline laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be available for future comparisons in the event of suspected PML. The risk of PML should be stratified into high, medium and low risk groups according to presence or absence of anti-JC virus antibodies, prior immunosuppressive therapy, and treatment duration. The follow-up, and frequency of MRI scans in particular, should depend on the risk group to which patient belongs. As our understanding of the risk factors for PML develops, it should be possible to offer patients increasingly individualised therapy. This is a consensus that establishes general recommendations, but neurologists must use their clinical expertise to monitor patients individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fernández
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, IMABIS, Málaga, Spain.
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Guzman JD, Wube A, Evangelopoulos D, Gupta A, Hüfner A, Basavannacharya C, Rahman MM, Thomaschitz C, Bauer R, McHugh TD, Nobeli I, Prieto JM, Gibbons S, Bucar F, Bhakta S. Interaction of N-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones with ATP-dependent MurE ligase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: antibacterial activity, molecular docking and inhibition kinetics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1766-72. [PMID: 21622974 PMCID: PMC3133487 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the antibacterial activity and MurE inhibition of a set of N-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones found to inhibit the growth of fast-growing mycobacteria. METHODS Using the spot culture growth inhibition assay, MICs were determined for Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155. MICs were determined for Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium phlei, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using microplate dilution assays. Inhibition of M. tuberculosis MurE ligase activity was determined both by colorimetric and HPLC methods. Computational modelling and binding prediction of the quinolones in the MurE structure was performed using Glide. Kinetic experiments were conducted for understanding possible competitive relations of the quinolones with the endogenous substrates of MurE ligase. RESULTS The novel synthetic N-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones were found to be growth inhibitors of M. tuberculosis and rapid-growing mycobacteria as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, while showing no inhibition for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The quinolones were found to be inhibitory to MurE ligase of M. tuberculosis in the micromolar range (IC(50) ∼40-200 μM) when assayed either spectroscopically or by HPLC. Computational docking of the quinolones on the published M. tuberculosis MurE crystal structure suggested that the uracil recognition site is a probable binding site for the quinolones. CONCLUSIONS N-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones are inhibitors of mycobacterial and staphylococcal growth, and show MurE ligase inhibition. Therefore, they are considered as a starting point for the development of increased affinity MurE activity disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Guzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abraham Wube
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dimitrios Evangelopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Antima Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Antje Hüfner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Chandrakala Basavannacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Md. Mukhleshur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Christina Thomaschitz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Timothy Daniel McHugh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Irene Nobeli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Jose M. Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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Millán J, Casáis R, Delibes-Mateos M, Calvete C, Rouco C, Castro F, Colomar V, Casas-Díaz E, Ramírez E, Moreno S, Prieto JM, Villafuerte R. Widespread exposure to Sarcoptes scabiei in wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain. Vet Parasitol 2011; 183:323-9. [PMID: 21852039 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoptic mange was recently described in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in north-eastern Mediterranean Spain, the first such infection reported in this species anywhere in the world. This finding has created concern in conservationists and game managers given that an outbreak of mange after a translocation would have catastrophic consequences for naïve rabbit populations in other parts of Spain. A retrospective serosurvey using an 'in house' ELISA test based on the use of a recombinant antigen aimed at determining the rates of contact with Sarcoptes scabiei was carried out on sera from 966 rabbits collected between 1993 and 2010 in Spain. Antibodies were found in 13% of wild rabbits in 60% of the 53 areas surveyed, as well as in 16 of the 17 Spanish provinces and islands studied. Seropositive rabbits were found amongst the oldest samples analyzed and in all studied years. Antibodies were also detected in 36% of rabbits from the protected island of Dragonera, where rabbits have probably not been released since the 1970s. On Mallorca, where 89 rabbits were inspected for both lesions and antibodies, the prevalence of lesions (5.6%) was much lower than the seroprevalence (22.5%), indicating that rabbits often survive infection or that ELISA detects infected rabbits before they develop visible lesions. Seroprevalence was higher in areas with medium levels of rabbit abundance, no restocking and high rainfall. The results show that mange is widespread in rabbits and that the mite is not a recent introduction. Thus, sarcoptic mange could be considered as an enzootic disease in the wild rabbit and so prophylactic measures implemented during rabbit translocations are to be encouraged to avoid local outbreaks in naïve populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Millán
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS) (Wildlife Diseases Research Group), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Fernandez-Fernandez O, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Arbizu-Urdiain T, Arroyo-Gonzalez R, Arnal-Garcia C, Casanova-Estruch B, Calles-Hernandez MC, Coret-Ferrer F, Comabella M, Garcia-Merino JA, de Las Heras V, Izquierdo G, Meca-Lallana JE, Munoz-Garcia D, Olascoaga J, Oreja-Guevara C, Prieto JM, Rodriguez-Antiguedad A, Tintore M, Montalban X. [Review of the novelties presented at the 26th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) (II)]. Rev Neurol 2011; 52:289-299. [PMID: 21341224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The new insights presented at European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), held in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden, in October 2010, have been summarized at the third edition of Post-ECTRIMS meeting held in Madrid in November 2010. Encouraging findings from the 5-years follow up extension from PreCISe study confirm the benefit of early treatment with glatiramer acetate in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) against the conversion to clinically definitive multiple sclerosis and cerebral atrophy with an adequate safety and tolerability. Regarding treatment decision with escalation or induction therapy, different strategies have been proposed depending on to the characteristics of the individual patient with CIS. Findings from several of the reported studies have revealed the favorable role of combined therapy on relapse rate but not on magnetic resonance parameters in patients with recurrent-remittent multiple sclerosis. Novel therapies such as alemtuzumab, daclizumab ofatutumab or ocrelizumab have shown promising findings regarding efficacy. Nevertheless, safety findings for these emerging therapies have detected some severe adverse events, the main ones being potentially fatal opportunistic infections such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus, mainly linked to natalizumab treatment. In this regard, clinicians will face the assessment of he benefit-risk ratio when deciding on the adequate treatment for each patient in the clinical setting. In this regard, determination of antibodies to JC virus by a novel two-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could provide clinicians with a useful tool to stratify PML risk in patients. Regarding non pharmacologic therapies, behavioral intervention has emerged as an effective therapy in the treatment of depression in multiple sclerosis, showing additional benefits on fatigue, disability and adherence to treatment.
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Brodbeck FC, Frese M, Akerblom S, Audia G, Bakacsi G, Bendova H, Bodega D, Bodur M, Booth S, Brenk K, Castel P, Hartog D, Donnelly-Cox G, Gratchev MV, Holmberg I, Jarmuz S, Jesuino JC, Jorbenadse R, Kabasakal HE, Keating M, Kipiani G, Konrad E, Koopman P, Kurc A, Leeds C, Lindell M, Maczynski J, Martin GS, O'Connell J, Papalexandris A, Papalexandris N, Prieto JM, Rakitski B, Reber G, Sabadin A, Schramm-Nielsen J, Schultz M, Sigfrids C, Szabo E, Thierry H, Vondrysova M, Weibler J, Wilderom C, Witkowski S, Wunderer R. Cultural variation of leadership prototypes across 22 European countries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1348/096317900166859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Arias M, Dapena D, Arias-Rivas S, Costa E, López A, Prieto JM, Corredera E. Late onset multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2010; 26:291-6. [PMID: 21163234 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Late onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS) is an unusual entity, poorly characterised and difficult to diagnose. OBJECTIVE To study a series of patients with LOMS (presentation of the first symptom of disease after the age of 50 years). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study we review demographic characteristics, first onset symptom, diagnostic delay, disability at the time of diagnosis (EDSS), disease course and findings in SCF, VEP and MRI studies. RESULTS We included 18 patients (12 F and 6M) with LOMS (4.8% of the total). The most frequent first symptoms were motors deficits (33%), multisystem deficits (33%) and cerebellum disorder (16%). Clinical course (all the cases with a minimal follow-up of 5 years after the diagnosis): primary progressive-MS (62%), secondary progressive-MS (22%), relapsing-remitting-MS (16%). The initial EDSS score was higher than 4 points in one third of patients and diagnosis delay was over 5 years in two thirds of cases. The cerebral MRI study was abnormal and compatible with MS in all patients and fulfilled the Barkhof criteria in 12 (67% of cases). Oligoclonal IgG bands were positive in the 64% of patients in the CSF study and VEP were abnormal in the 73%. The most frequent wrong diagnoses were cerebrovascular disorders and spondyloarthritic cervical myelopathy. CONCLUSIONS LOMS course is often primary, progressive and motor and multisystem symptoms are the most frequent. The diagnosis is usually delayed and when it is made patients have a high disability score. The findings of cerebral and spinal MRI, CSF and VEP studies are of high diagnostic yield. Cerebrovascular disorders and spondyloarthritic cervical myelopathy are the most important entities in the differential diagnosis of LOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arias
- Servicio de Neurología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España.
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Siriwatanametanon N, Fiebich BL, Efferth T, Prieto JM, Heinrich M. Traditionally used Thai medicinal plants: in vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130:196-207. [PMID: 20435130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and to select plants for future phytochemical research, nine plant species with anti-inflammatory uses were selected from Thai textbooks and assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. METHODS Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitory effects in stably transfected HeLa cells were determined by luciferase assay, and effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in primary monocytes were assessed by ELISA. Cytotoxic activities were examined against HeLa cells, human leukaemia CCRF-CEM cells and the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 subline using the MTT and XTT tests. However, a redox status has been linked with both inflammation and cancer, antioxidant effects were also assessed using the DPPH, lipid-peroxidation, and Folin-Ciocalteau methods. RESULTS Among all the nine species, Gynura pseudochina var. hispida and Oroxylum indicum showed the most promising NF-kappaB inhibitory effects with the lowest IC(50) values (41.96 and 47.45 microg/ml, respectively). Muehlenbeckia platyclada did not inhibit the NF-kappaB activation but effectively inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha with IC(50) values ranging between 0.28 and 8.67 microg/ml. Pouzolzia indica was the most cytotoxic against CCRF-CEM cells and the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (9.75% and 10.48% viability, at 10 microg/ml, respectively). Rhinacanthus nasutus was the most potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC(50) 3.63 microg/ml) and showed specific cytotoxicity against the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (18.72% viability at 10 microg/ml, p<0.0001 when compared to its cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells). Moreover, Oroxylum indicum showed a high level of antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid-peroxidation (IC(50) 0.08 microg/ml). CONCLUSIONS This study provides in vitro evidence for the use of the Thai plants, most importantly Gynura pseudochina var. hispida, Oroxylum indicum and Muehlenbeckia platyclada as Thai anti-inflammatory remedies and these plants are now a priority for further phytochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarat Siriwatanametanon
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Rovira A, Tintoré M, Alvarez-Cermeño JC, Izquierdo G, Prieto JM. [Recommendations for using and interpreting magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis]. Neurologia 2010; 25:248-265. [PMID: 20609303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish recommendations for using and interpreting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in the diagnosis and follow up of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHOD Based on an extensive review of the literature and on their own experience, an expert group on MS produced a consensus on recommendations for using and interpreting MRI results in the diagnosis and follow up MS. RESULTS A brain MRI must be performed whenever possible in the initial diagnosis and assessment of patients suspected with MS. A spinal MRI study should be performed on all patients whose clinical onset shows signs of spinal cord syndrome, when the brain MRI findings are not very specific or when the brain MRI is normal in patients diagnosed clinically with MS. Cranial studies should be performed using appropriate repositioning techniques and different MR sequences, such as proton-density and T2-weighted fast spin-echo, and Fast-FLAIR. The use of contrast is mandatory whenever attempting to determine the temporal and spatial dissemination of demyelinating lesions for the initial diagnosis, or to determine inflammatory activity or lesion progression in follow up studies. CONCLUSIONS The use of recommendations for using and interpreting MRI results in the diagnosis and follow up MS should help to rationalise resources and optimise the clinical results arising from its practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rovira
- Grupo de enfermedades desmielinizantes de la Sociedad Española de Neurología (SEN), Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM).
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Del Cerro A, Márquez I, Prieto JM. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from cultured rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in Spain. J Fish Dis 2010; 33:285-291. [PMID: 20059636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold-water disease (CWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) in salmonids. These diseases are a major problem in the aquaculture industry in Spain, and a better understanding of the epidemiology of F. psychrophilum isolates is necessary to improve management strategies. In this study, to investigate genetic variability of this bacterium, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after DNA digestion with endonuclease StuI, plasmid profiling analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were undertaken with 25 isolates of F. psychrophilum from Spain. These isolates were classified into 17 patterns by PFGE analysis, which were grouped into four clusters and seven independent branches. Twenty isolates (80%) possessed plasmids of 3.5 kb (n = 13) or 5.5 kb (n = 7). No plasmids were associated with antibiotic resistance to oxytetracycline (OTC) or florfenicol (FLO). Twenty isolates (80%) had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to OTC of between 2.4 and 9.7 microg mL(-1), and all isolates were susceptible to FLO. A relationship between the origin of the isolates and PFGE genotypes was found. Plasmid profile typing correlated with PFGE profile typing, whereas no correlation was found between antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PFGE profiles. These results suggest that the population of F. psychrophilum with pathogenic potential in northern Spain is quite heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Del Cerro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Area de Sanidad Animal, Travesía del Hospital, Gijón, Spain.
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Prieto JM, Recio MC, Giner RM, Máñez S, Giner-Larza EM, Ríos JL. Influence of traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medicinal plants on leukocyte and platelet functions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 55:1275-82. [PMID: 14604471 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and elastase are therapeutic targets in dermatological disorders such as psoriasis. Fifteen extracts from traditional Chinese medicinal plants used to treat topical inflammations were screened for their inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and elastase activity in intact leukocytes and platelets. Astragalus membranaceus, Forsythia suspensa and Poria cocos inhibited 5-lipoxygenase, with IC50 values of 141, 80 and 141 μg mL−1, respectively. The latter two species, along with Angelica dahurica and Angelica pubescens, also inhibited elastase (IC50 values of 80, 123, 68 and 93 μg mL−1, respectively), while A. pubescens, Atractylodes macrocephala, Lentinus edodes, Rehmannia glutinosa and Paeonia lactiflora selectively inhibited 12-(S)-HHTrE production, a valid marker of cyclooxygenase activity. The inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity by P. cocos is discussed. Dehydrotumulosic and pachymic acids, which have been isolated from P. cocos, were shown to inhibit leukotriene B4 release. The results indicate that both P. cocos and F. suspensa are potentially valuable species in the management of skin pathologies involving chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Prieto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Cabrera AC, Prieto JM. Application of artificial neural networks to the prediction of the antioxidant activity of essential oils in two experimental in vitro models. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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