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Meng F, Zhang S, Su J, Zhu B, Pan X, Qiu X, Cui X, Wang C, Niu L, Li C, Lu S. Characterization of two CYP80 enzymes provides insights into aporphine alkaloid skeleton formation in Aristolochia contorta. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1439-1454. [PMID: 38379355 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids are a large group of natural compounds with extensive pharmaceutical application prospects. The biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids has been paid attentions in the past decades. Here, we determined the contents of four 1-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and five aporphine alkaloids in root, stem, leaf, and flower of Aristolochia contorta Bunge, which belongs to magnoliids. Two CYP80 enzymes were identified and characterized from A. contorta. Both of them catalyze the unusual C-C phenol coupling reactions and directly form the aporphine alkaloid skeleton. AcCYP80G7 catalyzed the formation of hexacyclic aporphine corytuberine. AcCYP80Q8 catalyzed the formation of pentacyclic proaporphine glaziovine. Kingdom-wide phylogenetic analysis of the CYP80 family suggested that CYP80 first appeared in Nymphaeales. The functional divergence of hydroxylation and C-C (or C-O) phenol coupling preceded the divergence of magnoliids and eudicots. Probable crucial residues of AcCYP80Q8 were selected through sequence alignment and molecular docking. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed two crucial residues E284 and Y106 for the catalytic reaction. Identification and characterization of two aporphine skeleton-forming enzymes provide insights into the biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Meng
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaxian Su
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Butuo Zhu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian Pan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyun Cui
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caili Li
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
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Zhou Q, Jiang L, Su T, Liu G, Yang L. Overview of aristolochic acid nephropathy: an update. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:579-590. [PMID: 37448287 PMCID: PMC10565449 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive renal interstitial fibrosis caused by medical or environmental exposure to aristolochic acid (AA). Since the outbreak of AAN in Belgium was reported nearly 30 years ago, the safety of herbal remedies has drawn considerable attention, and AAN has become a global public health problem. Breakthroughs have been made to better understand the disease, including the toxicity of AAs, the possible mechanisms of AAN, the disease patterns, and the pathological features; however, some critical problems remain unresolved. Because of the insidious onset of the disease, the incidence of AAN and the prevalence of exposure to AAs are unknown and might be largely underestimated. During the past decades, AA-containing herbs have been strictly administrated in many regions and the occurrence of AAN has declined sharply, yet cases of AAN are still sporadically reported. Despite the progress in the understanding of the disease's pathogenesis, there is no effective treatment for delaying or reversing the renal deterioration caused by AAN. Therefore, the risk of exposure to AAs should be taken seriously by public health workers and clinicians. In this review, we updated the latest data on AAN, summarized the advances throughout these years, and put forward some challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Division of Renal, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Division of Renal, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Su
- Division of Renal, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Renal, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Renal, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yugay YA, Sorokina MR, Grigorchuk VP, Rusapetova TV, Silant’ev VE, Egorova AE, Adedibu PA, Kudinova OD, Vasyutkina EA, Ivanov VV, Karabtsov AA, Mashtalyar DV, Degtyarenko AI, Grishchenko OV, Kumeiko VV, Bulgakov VP, Shkryl YN. Biosynthesis of Functional Silver Nanoparticles Using Callus and Hairy Root Cultures of Aristolochia manshuriensis. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:451. [PMID: 37754865 PMCID: PMC10532211 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the novel utilization of Aristolochia manshuriensis cultured cells for extracellular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis without the need for additional substances. The presence of elemental silver has been verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, while distinct surface plasmon resonance peaks were revealed by UV-Vis spectra. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the AgNPs, ranging in size from 10 to 40 nm, exhibited a spherical morphology. Fourier-transform infrared analysis validated the abilty of A. manshuriensis extract components to serve as both reducing and capping agents for metal ions. In the context of cytotoxicity on embryonic fibroblast (NIH 3T3) and mouse neuroblastoma (N2A) cells, AgNPs demonstrated varying effects. Specifically, nanoparticles derived from callus cultures exhibited an IC50 of 2.8 µg/mL, effectively inhibiting N2A growth, whereas AgNPs sourced from hairy roots only achieved this only at concentrations of 50 µg/mL and above. Notably, all studied AgNPs' treatment-induced cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells, yielding IC50 values ranging from 7.2 to 36.3 µg/mL. Furthermore, the findings unveiled the efficacy of the synthesized AgNPs against pathogenic microorganisms impacting both plants and animals, including Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. These findings underscore the effectiveness of biotechnological methodologies in offering advanced and enhanced green nanotechnology alternatives for generating nanoparticles with applications in combating cancer and infectious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Maria R. Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Valeria P. Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Tatiana V. Rusapetova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Vladimir E. Silant’ev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (V.E.S.); (V.V.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Anna E. Egorova
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow 111123, Russia;
| | - Peter A. Adedibu
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies “Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems”, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia;
| | - Olesya D. Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Elena A. Vasyutkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (V.V.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Karabtsov
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (V.V.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Dmitriy V. Mashtalyar
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Anton I. Degtyarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Olga V. Grishchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Vadim V. Kumeiko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (V.E.S.); (V.V.K.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Yury N. Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (Y.A.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.P.G.); (T.V.R.); (O.D.K.); (E.A.V.); (A.I.D.); (O.V.G.); (V.P.B.)
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies “Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems”, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia;
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Shkryl YN, Tchernoded GK, Yugay YA, Grigorchuk VP, Sorokina MR, Gorpenchenko TY, Kudinova OD, Degtyarenko AI, Onishchenko MS, Shved NA, Kumeiko VV, Bulgakov VP. Enhanced Production of Nitrogenated Metabolites with Anticancer Potential in Aristolochia manshuriensis Hairy Root Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11240. [PMID: 37511000 PMCID: PMC10379662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochia manshuriensis is a relic liana, which is widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and is endemic to the Manchurian floristic region. Since this plant is rare and slow-growing, alternative sources of its valuable compounds could be explored. Herein, we established hairy root cultures of A. manshuriensis transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic loci (rol)B and rolC genes. The accumulation of nitrogenous secondary metabolites significantly improved in transgenic cell cultures. Specifically, the production of magnoflorine reached up to 5.72 mg/g of dry weight, which is 5.8 times higher than the control calli and 1.7 times higher than in wild-growing liana. Simultaneously, the amounts of aristolochic acids I and II, responsible for the toxicity of Aristolochia species, decreased by more than 10 fold. Consequently, the hairy root extracts demonstrated pronounced cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG), cervical cancer cells (HeLa CCL-2), and colon carcinoma (RKO) cells. However, they did not exhibit significant activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Our findings suggest that hairy root cultures of A. manshuriensis could be considered for the rational production of valuable A. manshuriensis compounds by the modification of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Galina K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia A Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeria P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria R Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olesya D Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anton I Degtyarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria S Onishchenko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikita A Shved
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kumeiko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Victor P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Xian Z, Tian J, Zhao Y, Yi Y, Li C, Han J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu S, Pan C, Liu C, Wang D, Meng J, Tang X, Wang F, Liang A. Differences in p38-STAT3-S100A11 signaling after the administration of aristolochic acid I and IVa may account for the disparity in their nephrotoxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154815. [PMID: 37062136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of herbs containing aristolochic acids (AAs) has become a widespread concern. Previous reports indicate that AAs are highly nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, although there are more than 170 analogues of aristolochic acid. Not all AAs have the same degree of nephrotoxicity or carcinogenicity. Previous studies have found that aristolochic acid IVa (AA-IVa), the principal component of AAs within members of the Aristolochiaceae family, especially Asarum, a commonly used herb in China, has essentially no significant nephrotoxicity. However, several studies, including ours, have shown that aristolochic acid I (AA-I) is clearly nephrotoxic. PURPOSE The focus of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for the difference in nephrotoxicity between the AA-I and AA-IVa. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD Mice were administered with AA-I or AA-IVa for 22 weeks through the oral route, followed by a 50-week recovery time. The kidney tissues of mice were extracted at the end of 22 weeks. Pathological examination and proteomic detection (tandem mass tagging (TMT) and phosphorylated proteomics) were performed on the kidney tissue to investigate the key signaling pathways and targets of AAs-induced renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The key signaling pathways and targets were verified by Western blot (WB), siRNA transfection, and luciferase assays. RESULTS AA-I caused severe nephrotoxicity, high mortality, and extensive RIF. However, the same AA-IVa dosage exhibited almost no nephrotoxicity and does not trigger RIF. The activation of the p38-STAT3-S100A11 signaling pathway and upregulated expression of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death (Bad) proteins could be the molecular mechanism underlying AA-I-induced nephrotoxicity. On the other hand, AA-IVa did not regulate the activation of the p38-STAT3-S100A11 signaling pathway and had relatively little effect on the expression of α-SMA and Bad. Consequently, the difference in the regulation of p38-STAT3-S100A11 pathway, α-SMA, and Bad proteins between AA-I and AA-IVa may be responsible for the divergence in their level of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the difference in nephrotoxicity between AA-I and AA-IVa. Whether STAT3 is activated or not may be the key factor leading to the difference in nephrotoxicity between AA-I and AA-IVa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Experimental Research Center, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Pathology Department, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Tian J, Liu C, Wang L, Xian Z, Zhao Y, Qin S, Yi Y, Li C, Han J, Pan C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Meng J, Tang X, Wang F, Liu M, Liang A. Study on the difference and correlation between the contents and toxicity of aristolochic acid analogues in Aristolochia plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116568. [PMID: 37217154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity induced by traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) containing aristolochic acids (AAs) and related compound preparations have greatly limited their clinical application. While the toxicity of AA-I and AA-II is relatively clear, there are marked differences in the toxic effects of different types of aristolochic acid analogues (AAAs). Thus, the toxicity of TCMs containing AAAs cannot be evaluated based on the toxicity of a single compound. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically investigate the toxicity induced by Zhushalian (ZSL), Madouling (MDL) and Tianxianteng (TXT) as representative TCMs derived from Aristolochia. MATERIALS AND METHODS AAA contents in ZSL, MDL and TXT were determined using HPLC. Subsequently, mice were treated for 2 weeks with high (H) and low (L) dosages of TCMs containing total AAA contents of 3 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. Toxicity was evaluated using biochemical and pathological examination and was based on organ indices. Correlations between AAA contents and induced toxicity were analysed using multiple methods. RESULTS Of the total AAA content, ZSL contained mainly AA-I and AA-II (>90%, of which AA-I accounted for 49.55%). AA-I accounted for 35.45% in MDL. TXT mainly contained AA-IVa (76.84%) and other AAAs accounted for <10%. Short-term toxicity tests indicated that ZSL and high-dose MDL induced obvious renal interstitial fibrosis and gastric injury, whereas TXT (high and low dosages) caused only slight toxicity. Correlation analysis suggested that AA-I might be the critical hazard factor for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The toxicity of TCMs containing AAAs cannot be generalised. The toxicity of TXT is relatively low compared with those of ZSL and MDL. The toxicity of Aristolochia depends mainly on the AA-I content; therefore, control of AA-I levels in TCMs and related compound preparations is required to reduce the risk of toxicity associated with the use of Aristolochia herbs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shasha Qin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Meiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China.
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Ji H, Zhang G, Zhou X. Rapid simultaneous determination of thirteen aristolochic acids analogs in Aristolochiaceae plants by Ultra-High-Performance liquid Chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1225:123753. [PMID: 37216764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Asarum and Aristolochia are two large genera of Aristolochiaceae plants containing typical toxicant aristolochic acid analogs(AAAs), AAAs can be deemed as toxicity markers of Aristolochiaceae plants. Based on the least AAAs in dry roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides, Asarum sieboldii Miq and Asarum sieboldii var, all of which are enrolled in the Chinese pharmacopeia up to now. AAAs distribution in Aristolochiaceae plants, especially Asarum L. plants, is still obscure and controversial due to few AAAs measured, unverified species of Asarum, and complicated pretreatment in analytical samples making the results more challenging to reproduce. In the present study, a simple ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method in dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode for simultaneous determination of thirteen AAAs was developed for evaluating the distribution of toxicity phytochemicals in Aristolochiaceae plants. The sample was prepared by extracting Asarum and Aristolochia powder with methanol, and the supernatant was analyzed using the Agilent 6410 system on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS PFP column with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile, containing 1% v/v formic acid (FA) each, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The chromatographic condition provided good peak shape and resolution. The method was linear over the specific ranges with the coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.990. Satisfactory intra- and inter-day precisions were achieved with RSD less than 9.79%, and the average recovery factors obtained were in the range of 88.50%~105.49%%. The proposed method was successfully applied for simultaneous quantification of the 13 AAAs in 19 samples from 5 Aristolochiaceae species, especially three Asarum L. species enrolled in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Except Asarum heterotropoides, the results supported that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) adopting the root with rhizome as medicinal parts of Herba Asari instead of the whole herb for drug safety by providing scientific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China.
| | - Gaole Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, China
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Bai X, Wang G, Ren Y, Su Y, Han J. Insights into taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of eleven Aristolochia species based on chloroplast genome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119041. [PMID: 36860895 PMCID: PMC9969298 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Aristolochia, as an important genus comprised of over 400 species, has attracted much interest because of its unique chemical and pharmacological properties. However, the intrageneric taxonomy and species identification within Aristolochia have long been difficult because of the complexity of their morphological variations and lack of high-resolution molecular markers. METHODS In this study, we sampled 11 species of Aristolochia collected from distinct habitats in China, and sequenced their complete chloroplast (cp) genomes. RESULTS The 11 cp genomes of Aristolochia ranged in size from 159,375bp (A. tagala) to 160,626 bp (A. tubiflora), each containing a large single-copy (LSC) region (88,914-90,251 bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (19,311-19,917 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) (25,175-25,698 bp). These cp genomes contained 130-131 genes each, including 85 protein-coding genes (CDS), 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 37-38 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the four types of repeats (forward, palindromic, reverse, and complement repeats) were examined in Aristolochia species. A. littoralis had the highest number of repeats (168), while A. tagala had the lowest number (42). The total number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is at least 99 in A. kwangsiensis, and, at most, 161 in A. gigantea. Interestingly, we detected eleven highly mutational hotspot regions, including six gene regions (clpP, matK, ndhF, psbT, rps16, trnK-UUU) and five intergenic spacer regions (ccsA-ndhD, psbZ-trnG-GCC, rpl33-rps18, rps16-trnQ-UUG, trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC). The phylogenetic analysis based on the 72 protein-coding genes showed that 11 Aristolochia species were divided into two clades which strongly supported the generic segregates of the subgenus Aristolochia and Siphisia. DISCUSSION This research will provide the basis for the classification, identification, and phylogeny of medicinal plants of Aristolochiaceae.
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9
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Genetic diversity assessment and biotechnological aspects in Aristolochia spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6397-6412. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Lerma-Herrera MA, Beiza-Granados L, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Navarro-Santos P, Herrera-Bucio R, Aviña-Verduzco J, García-Gutiérrez HA. Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123937. [PMID: 35745061 PMCID: PMC9230106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different ethnomedicinal studies have investigated the relationship between various phytochemicals as well as organic extracts and their bioactive aspects. Studies on biological effects are attributed to secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and terpenes. Since there have been no reviews in the literature on the traditional, phytochemical, and ethnomedicinal uses of the genus Aristolochia so far, this article systematically reviews 141 published studies that analyze the associations between secondary metabolites present in organic extracts and their beneficial effects. Most studies found associations between individual secondary metabolites and beneficial effects such as anticancer activity, antibacterial, antioxidant activity, snake anti-venom and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review was to analyze studies carried out in the period 2005-2021 to update the existing knowledge on different species of the genus Aristolochia for ethnomedicinal uses, as well as pharmacological aspects and therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Lerma-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.L.-H.); (H.A.G.-G.)
| | - Lidia Beiza-Granados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro 58893, Michoacán, Mexico; (A.O.-Z.); (J.E.L.-M.)
| | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro 58893, Michoacán, Mexico; (A.O.-Z.); (J.E.L.-M.)
| | - Pedro Navarro-Santos
- CONACYT—Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Herrera-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Judit Aviña-Verduzco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Hugo A. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.L.-H.); (H.A.G.-G.)
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11
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Qu M, Xu H, Chen J, Xu B, Li Z, Ma B, Guo L, Ye Q, Xie J. Differential comparison of genotoxic effects of aristolochic acid I and II in human cells by the mass spectroscopic quantification of γ-H2AX. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 81:105349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Liu S, Xian Z, Zhao Y, Wang L, Tian J, Pan C, Han J, Zhang Y, Li C, Yi Y, Liu C, Wang D, Meng J, Qin S, Wang F, Liang A. Quantitative Determination and Toxicity Evaluation of Aristolochic Acid Analogues in Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt (Xixin) and Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761593. [PMID: 34899315 PMCID: PMC8662950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asarum (Xixin), which contains analogues of aristolochic acid (AA), is the only species of the genus Aristolochia included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020. However, the contents and nephrotoxic effects of AA analogs in Asarum (Xixin) and its formulations have not been clarified. An automatic, effective solid phase extraction process and UPLC-MS/MS method were established for the pretreatment and quantitative detection of AA analogues in commercially available traditional Chinese patent medicines. The cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by five analogues of AA were evaluated by CCK8 using human kidney cells (HK-2) and comet assays. HPLC was used to detect the analogues of AA in Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt (Xixin). The results showed that the contents of AA I, AA II, and AA IIIa were below the detection limit, while AA IVa and AL I presented relatively high contents of Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt (Xixin), within the range of 66.50–121.03 μg/g and 19.73–43.75 μg/g, respectively. The levels of AA analogues were in the nanogram-per-gram level in the main traditional Chinese patent medicines. AA I and AL I exhibited relatively high cytotoxicity at 48 h in CCK8 assays, while AA II, AA IIIa, and AA IVa showed weak cytotoxicity even at 800–1,000 μM. AA I induced significant pathological alterations and direct DNA damage at 40 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. No distinct nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity was observed in mice treated with AA II, AA IIIa, AA IVa, or AL I at 40 mg/kg in this study. Consumption of Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt (Xixin) with controlled doses and periods is relatively safe as the contents of AA analogues in Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt (Xixin) and its formulations were far below those causing acute toxicity in this study. But, the long-term toxicity of Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt (Xixin) still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Qin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Lerma-Herrera MA, Beiza-Granados L, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Hernández-Hernández JD, Aviña-Verduzco J, García-Gutiérrez HA. In vitro cytotoxic potential of extracts from Aristolochia foetida Kunth against MCF-7 and bMECs cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7082-7089. [PMID: 34867010 PMCID: PMC8626259 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Aristolochia foetida Kunth. Stems and leaves of A. foetida Kunth (Aristolochiaceae) have never been investigated pharmacologically. Recent studies of species of the Aristolochiaceae family found significant cytotoxic activities. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC-MS to know the metabolites in each extract. In GC-MS analysis, the main compounds were methyl hexadecanoate (3); hexadecanoic acid (4); 2-butoxyethyl dodecanoate (9); ethyl hexadecanoate (20); methyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate (28) and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (40). The results showed a significant reduction in cell viability of the MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line caused by organic extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity activity of the dichloromethane extract from the stems (DSE) showed IC50 values of 45.9 μg/mL and the dichloromethane extract of the leaves (DLE) showed IC50 values of 47.3 μg/mL. DSE and DLE had the highest cytotoxic potential in an in vitro study against the MCF-7 cell line and non-tumor cells obtained from the bovine mammary epithelial (bMECs). DSE and DLE induced a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and can cause cell death by apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in the MCF-7 cell line. DSE and DLE are cytotoxic in cancer cells and cause late apoptosis. Higher concentrations of DSE and DLE are required to induce a cytotoxic effect in healthy mammary epithelial cells. This is the first report of the dichloromethane extract of A. foetida Kunth that induces late apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells and may be a candidate for pharmacological study against breast cancer.
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Key Words
- 7AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin D
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- Act-D, Actinomycin D
- Apoptosis
- Aristolochia foetida
- Cytotoxicity
- DEL, Dichloromethane extract from leaves
- DMEM, Medium/nutrient mixture F-12 Ham
- DSE, Dichloromethane extract from stems
- EtOH, Ethanol
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- Flow cytometry
- GC–MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HLE, Hexane extract from leaves
- HSE, Hexane extract from stems
- IM, Incomplete medium
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanineiodide
- MCF-7 breast cancer cell
- Medicinal plants
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Organic extract
- SE, Standard error
- TMS, Tetramethylsilane
- bMECs, Bovine mammary epithelial cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Lerma-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Lidia Beiza-Granados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán 58893, Mexico
| | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán 58893, Mexico
| | - Juan D. Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Judit Aviña-Verduzco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Hugo A. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
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14
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Therapeutic Promises of Medicinal Plants in Bangladesh and Their Bioactive Compounds against Ulcers and Inflammatory Diseases. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071348. [PMID: 34371551 PMCID: PMC8309353 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
When functioning properly, the stomach is the center of both physical and mental satisfaction. Gastrointestinal disorders, or malfunctioning of the stomach, due to infections caused by various biological entities and physiochemical abnormalities, are now widespread, with most of the diseases being inflammatory, which, depending on the position and degree of inflammation, have different names such as peptic or gastric ulcers, irritable bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, and so on. While many synthetic drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are now extensively used to treat these diseases, their harmful and long-term side effects cannot be ignored. To treat these diseases safely and successfully, different potent medicinal plants and their active components are considered game-changers. In consideration of this, the present review aimed to reveal a general and comprehensive updated overview of the anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of medicinal plants. To emphasize the efficacy of the medicinal plants, various bioactive compounds from the plant extract, their experimental animal models, and clinical trials are depicted.
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15
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Solati K, Karimi M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Abbasi N, Abbaszadeh S, Bahmani M. Phytotherapy for Wound Healing: The Most Important Herbal Plants in Wound Healing Based on Iranian Ethnobotanical Documents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:500-519. [PMID: 33213344 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201119122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a process that starts with the inflammatory response after the occurrence of any damage. This process initiates by restoring the wound surface coating tissue, migrating fibroblasts to form the required collagen, forming a healing tissue and finally, leading to contortion and extraction of the wound. Today, various drugs are used to heal wounds. However, the drugs used to repair wounds have some defects and side effects. In spite of all attempts to accelerate wound healing definitely, no safe drug has been introduced for this purpose. Therefore, the necessity to identify herbal plants in ethnopharmacology and ethnobotany documents with healing effects is essential. In this article, we tried to review and present effective Iranian medicinal plants and herbal compounds used for wound healing. Searching was performed on databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, ISC, SID, Magiran and some other databases. The keywords used included wound healing, skin treatment, medicinal plants, ethnobotany, and phytotherapy. In this regard, 139 medicinal plants effective on wound healing were identified based on ethnopharmacology and ethnobotanical sources of Iran. Plants such as Salvia officinalis, Echium amoenum, Verbascum spp., G1ycyrrhiza glabra, Medicago sativa, Mentha pulegium, Datura stramonium L., Alhagi spp., Aloe vera, Hypericum perforatum, Pistacia atlantica and Prosopis cineraria are the most important and useful medicinal plants used for wound healing in Iran. These native Iranian medicinal plants are rich in antioxidants and biological compounds and might be used for wound healing and preparation of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Surgery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saber Abbaszadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Bahmani
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Wang L, Man S, Bian Y. Bioinformatics analysis of biomarkers of aristolochic acid-induced early nephrotoxicity in embryonic stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:508. [PMID: 33791017 PMCID: PMC8005694 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify key genes as potential biomarkers for early nephrotoxicity induced by aristolochic acid (AA) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). An MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of AA in ESCs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the DNA-Chip Analyzer following microarray analysis. Gene Ontology analysis was performed to determine functional terms enriched by the DEGs in the categories biological process, cellular component and molecular function. Furthermore, the DEGs were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis to determine pathways they were accumulated in. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.2 software. Tumor protein 53 apoptosis effector (Perp), cation transport regulator-like 1 (Chac1), adrenoceptor β2 and Wnt6 were selected for confirmation by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR analysis. A total of 72 DEGs (49 upregulated and 23 downregulated) were identified. The DEGs were enriched in functional terms and pathways associated with nephrotoxicity and participated in 92 pathways. A total of two hub genes, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp)1 and Fbp2, were filtered out from the interaction network. Perp and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 were demonstrated to have vital roles in the p53 signaling pathway which was indicated in the interaction network. The results of the RT-qPCR analysis were consistent with the microarray data. Taken together, the present study suggested that hub genes involved in the p53 pathway, including Fbp1, Fbp2 and Perp, may serve as potential biomarkers for early nephrotoxicity induced by AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sector, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Liver Disease, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Man
- Pharmaceutical Sector, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Liver Disease, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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Gauni B, Mehariya K, Shah A, Duggirala SM. Tetralone Scaffolds and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201013165656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substituted tetralones have played a substantial role in organic synthesis due to their
strong reactivity and suitability as a starting material for a range of synthetic heterocyclic compounds,
pharmaceuticals along with biological activities as well as precursors of many natural
products and their derivatives. Many α-tetralone derivatives are building blocks that have been used
in the synthesis of therapeutically functional compounds like some antibiotics, antidepressants,
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors effective for treating Alzheimer’s disease and alkaloids possessing
antitumor activity. In this review, there has been an attempt to explore the small molecule library
having an α-tetralone scaffold along with their diverse biological activities. Structural features of α-
tetralone derivatives responsible for potential therapeutic applications are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwati Gauni
- Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Vidyapith, Sadra-382 320, Dist; Gandhinagar, Gujarat,India
| | - Krunal Mehariya
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, Gujarat,India
| | - Anamik Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, Gujarat,India
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18
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Bernstein N, Akram M, Yaniv-Bachrach Z, Daniyal M. Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy? Phytother Res 2020; 35:1908-1924. [PMID: 33164294 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of natural medicine is growing worldwide. Unlike conventional licensed medicines, herbal medicine practices are usually not supported by effectiveness, efficacy, or safety studies, which raise concerns about potential risks involved in their usage, particularly in high-risk patients such as pregnant women where teratogenicity is a concern. Despite a lack of science-based evidence, the use of herbal products for the management of pregnancy-associated challenges is common, due to the common notion that they are free of toxic effects and adverse reactions because they are "natural." The lack of concern about utilizing herbal remedies during pregnancy is strengthened by the lack of regulation in most countries for their marketing. However, plant-based remedies are not free of adverse reactions. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies contain substances that can be toxic to the human body and the fetus. Potential effects of indiscriminate use of medicinal plants are embryotoxicity, teratogenic, and abortifacient effects. Some plant constituents can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Phytochemicals and their metabolites are known to induce stimulation of uterine contraction and hormone imbalance that could result in abortion. The alterations to the hormonal profile can affect conception, induce teratogenic activity, and halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation. Due to the wide range of modes of action of phytochemicals, some medicinal plants may be safe to use during certain trimesters of pregnancy and harmful at other stages. This manuscript reviews available scientific information concerning potential health hazards associated with the consumption of herbal medicines during pregnancy, highlighting those herbs that should be avoided due to their potential abortifacient and/or teratogenic activity. We focused on plants that were tested by preclinical studies, and studies of these plants are summarized. Common therapeutic use of these herbs, estimated effects, toxicological effects, and animal studies of these plants is summarized. The literature reviewed suggests that consumption of the following medicinal plants should be avoided during pregnancy: Abrus precatorius, Achyranthes aspera, Ailanthus excelsa, Aloe vera, Aristolochia indica, Areca catechu, Bambusa vulgaris, Cassia occidentalis, Cicer arietinum, Cimicifuga racemose, Dolichandrone falcate, Ginkgo biloba, Hydrastis canadensis, Indigofera trifoliate, Lavandula latifolia, Maytenus ilicifolia, Momordica cymbalaria, Moringa oleifera, Musa rosacea, Oxalis corniculate, Phytolacca dodecandra, Plumeria rubra, Ricinus communis, Ruta graveolens, Stachys lavandulifolia, Senna alata, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Vitus agnus-castus, and Valeriana officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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Assessment of the In Vitro Antischistosomal Activities of the Extracts and Compounds from Solidago Microglossa DC (Asteraceae) and Aristolochia Cymbifera Mart. & Zucc. (Aristolochiaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1726365. [PMID: 33062001 PMCID: PMC7545429 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1726365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by helminth flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, is a neglected tropical disease that afflicts over 230 million people worldwide. Currently, treatment is achieved with only one drug, praziquantel (PZQ). In this regard, the roots of Solidago microglossa (Asteraceae) and Aristolochia cymbifera (Aristolochiaceae) are popularly used as anthelmintic. Despite their medicinal use against helminthiasis, such as schistosomiasis, A. cymbifera, and S. microglossa have not been evaluated against S. mansoni. Then, in this work, the in vitro antischistosomal activity of the crude extracts of A. cymbifera (Ac) and S. microglossa (Sm) and their isolated compounds were investigated against S. mansoni adult worms. Sm (200 μg/mL) and Ac (100–200 μg/mL) were lethal to all male and female worms at the 24 h incubation. In addition, Sm (10–50 μg/mL) and Ac (10 μg/mL) caused significant reduction in the parasite's movements, showing no significant cytotoxicity to Vero cells at the same range of schistosomicidal concentrations. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that Sm and Ac caused tegumental damages and reduced the numbers of tubercles of male schistosomes. Chromatographic fractionation of Sm leads to isolation of bauerenol, α-amirin, and spinasterol, while populifolic acid, cubebin, 2-oxopopulifolic acid methyl ester, and 2-oxopopulifolic acid were isolated from Ac. At concentrations of 25–100 μM, bauerenol, α-amirin, spinasterol, populifolic acid, and cubebin showed significant impact on motor activity of S. mansoni. 2-oxopopulifolic acid methyl ester and 2-oxopopulifolic acid caused 100% mortality and decreased the motor activity of adult schistosomes at 100 μM. This study has reported, for the first time, the in vitro antischistosomal effects of S. microglossa and A. cymbifera extracts, also showing promising compounds against adult schistosomes.
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20
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Liu R, Zhang HC. Chemical constituents from Aristolochia tagala and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Górecki M, Frelek J. A Critical Appraisal of Dimolybdenum Tetraacetate Application in Stereochemical Studies of vic-Diols by Circular Dichroism. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:955-964. [PMID: 32148042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This critical appraisal is intended for users of the dimolybdenum method, well-established in electronic circular dichroism (ECD) to determine the absolute configuration of vic-diols and, in particular, for experimental researchers not being experts in chiroptical methods. The main goal is to demonstrate how to avoid misleading and ambiguous conclusions resulting from the rigorous application of the helicity rule by limiting the analysis to the vic-diol unit alone. We particularly focused on multichromophoric systems, especially those that may interfere with the absorption of an in situ formed dimolybdenum tetraacetate-diol complex. In this context, examples are presented of vic-diols for which stereochemical assignment based solely on the helicity rule is ambiguous and does not necessarily lead to correct results. The motivation for choosing these examples was to demonstrate the impact of the structure of the substrate on the complexation process with the metal core and its selectivity. For each selected case, results obtained are analyzed in detail together with a discussion of existing restrictions and choice of a support method to increase the credibility of the conclusion. Based on seven both educational and challenging examples, it was shown that the dimolybdenum methodology can also be effectively applied to complex chromophoric systems, provided that other chiroptical methods and/or computational support verify obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52 Street, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52 Street, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Sidorenko VS. Biotransformation and Toxicities of Aristolochic Acids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1241:139-166. [PMID: 32383120 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41283-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and iatrogenic exposures contribute significantly to human diseases, including cancer. The list of known human carcinogens has recently been extended by the addition of aristolochic acids (AAs). AAs occur primarily in Aristolochia herbs, which are used extensively in folk medicines, including Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ingestion of AAs results in chronic renal disease and cancer. Despite importation bans imposed by certain countries, herbal remedies containing AAs are readily available for purchase through the internet. With recent advancements in mass spectrometry, next generation sequencing, and the development of integrated organs-on-chips, our knowledge of cancers associated with AA exposure, and of the mechanisms involved in AA toxicities, has significantly improved. DNA adduction plays a central role in AA-induced cancers; however, significant gaps remain in our knowledge as to how cellular enzymes promote activation of AAs and how the reactive species selectively bind to DNA and kidney proteins. In this review, I describe pathways for AAs biotransformation, adduction, and mutagenesis, emphasizing novel methods and ideas contributing to our present understanding of AA toxicities in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya S Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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23
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Lignans and Their Derivatives from Plants as Antivirals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010183. [PMID: 31906391 PMCID: PMC6982783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans are widely produced by various plant species; they are a class of natural products that share structural similarity. They usually contain a core scaffold that is formed by two or more phenylpropanoid units. Lignans possess diverse pharmacological properties, including their antiviral activities that have been reported in recent years. This review discusses the distribution of lignans in nature according to their structural classification, and it provides a comprehensive summary of their antiviral activities. Among them, two types of antiviral lignans—podophyllotoxin and bicyclol, which are used to treat venereal warts and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in clinical, serve as examples of using lignans for antivirals—are discussed in some detail. Prospects of lignans in antiviral drug discovery are also discussed.
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24
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Han J, Xian Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liang A. Systematic Overview of Aristolochic Acids: Nephrotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 31244661 PMCID: PMC6580798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of toxins commonly present in the plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum, which are spread all over the world. Since the 1990s, AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have been reported in many countries. The underlying mechanisms of AAN and AA-induced UTUC have been extensively investigated. AA-derived DNA adducts are recognized as specific biomarkers of AA exposure, and a mutational signature predominantly characterized by A→T transversions has been detected in AA-induced UTUC tumor tissues. In addition, various enzymes and organic anion transporters are involved in AA-induced adverse reactions. The progressive lesions and mutational events initiated by AAs are irreversible, and no effective therapeutic regimen for AAN and AA-induced UTUC has been established until now. Because of several warnings on the toxic effects of AAs by the US Food and Drug Administration and the regulatory authorities of some other countries, the sale and use of AA-containing products have been banned or restricted in most countries. However, AA-related adverse events still occur, especially in the Asian and Balkan regions. Therefore, the use of AA-containing herbal remedies and the consumption of food contaminated by AAs still carry high risk. More strict precautions should be taken to protect the public from AA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
More than 80% of the global population depends on traditional medicine for their basic primary health care needs. Africa has a well-established history of botanicals use. These include a vast array of compounds that can be used to treat various skin-related conditions. The rationale for the use of traditional medicine in skincare stems from the physical effects these compounds have on skin, such as the ability to control bleeding and speed up wound healing, as well as the potential to treat burns and other disorders of pigmentation. Most African traditional healers employ decoctions and infusion methods in medicinal plant preparations; the former entails boiling of the whole or parts of the plant in water or other solvents to extract the active ingredients. Infusions involve immersion of the plant in hot or cold water for some time, followed by topically application to the affected skin area. The cosmetic skincare products are formulated to protect, enhance, and preserve the skin in its healthiest state to maintain its barrier function, thus protecting the human body. This review examines a number of botanicals that are used across Africa and the phytochemical actives that are responsible for skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ncoza C Dlova
- Department of Dermatology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Moses A Ollengo
- Department of Chemistry, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Nyeri, Kenya
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26
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Erasto P, Omolo J, Sunguruma R, Munissi JJ, Wiketye V, de Konig C, Ahmed AF. Evaluation of Antimycobacterial Activity of Higenamine Using Galleria mellonella as an In Vivo Infection Model. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:63-69. [PMID: 29357092 PMCID: PMC5803147 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Phytochemical investigation on MeOH extract on the bark of Aristolochia brasiliensis Mart. & Zucc (Aristolochiaceae) led to the isolation of major compound (1) as light brown grainy crystals. The compound was identified as 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol (higenamine) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The compound was evaluated for its antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), using Galleria mellonella larva as an in vivo infection model. The survival of MIP infected larvae after a single dose treatment of 100 mg/kg body weight of higenamine was 80% after 24 h. Quantitatively the compound exhibited a dose dependent activity, as evidenced by the reduction of colony density from 105 to 103 CFU for test concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively. The IC50 value for higenamine was 161.6 mg/kg body weight as calculated from a calibration curve. Further analysis showed that, a complete inhibition of MIP in the G. mellonella could be achieved at 334 mg/kg body weight. Despite the fact that MIP has been found to be highly resistant against isoniazid (INH) in an in vitro assay model, in this study the microbe was highly susceptible to this standard anti-TB drug. The isolation of higenamine from the genus Aristolochia and the method used to evaluate its in vivo antimycobacterial activity in G. mellonella are herein reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Erasto
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Justin Omolo
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Richard Sunguruma
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joan J Munissi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Victor Wiketye
- National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Charles de Konig
- School of Chemistry, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Atallah F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Rios MY, Navarro V, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Salazar-Rios E. Sulfur-Containing Aristoloxazines and Other Constituents of the Roots of Aristolochia orbicularis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3112-3119. [PMID: 29210585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six new compounds, aristoloxazine A (1), aristoloxazine B (2), 7-methoxytaliscanine (3), humul-7-en-1,4,11-triol (4), 8-hydroxy-β-logipinene (5), and 1β-hydroxy-4(14)-eudesmene (6), corresponding to two sulfur-containing aristoloxazines (1 and 2), an aristolactam (3), and three sesquiterpenes (4-6) were isolated, along with 26 known compounds, from the roots of Aristolochia orbicularis. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their spectroscopic and spectrometric data and in the case of aristoloxazine A (1) by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. This is the first report of sulfur-containing aristoloxazines from a natural source. Furthermore, aristoloxazine A (1) was found to possess potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against all resistant Staphylococcus aureus and several fungal strains in which it was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Víctor Navarro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS) , Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, México
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Salazar-Rios
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, México
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Aigbe FR, Munavvar ASZ, Rathore H, Eseyin O, Pei YP, Akhtar S, Chohan A, Jin H, Khoo J, Tan S, Lazhari M, Afzar S, Ahmed F, Adeyemi OO, Johns E. Alterations of haemodynamic parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats by A ristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae). J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:72-80. [PMID: 29321992 PMCID: PMC5755979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochia ringens Vahl. (Aristolochiaceae (AR); 馬兜鈴 mǎ dōu líng) is used traditionally in Nigeria for the management of various disorders including oedema. Preliminary investigation revealed its modulatory effect on the cardiovascular system. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the aqueous root extract of A. ringens (AR) on haemodynamic parameters of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The effect of oral subacute (21 days) and intravenous acute exposure of SHRs to the extract were assessed using tail cuff and carotid artery canulation methods respectively. In the latter, the effect of chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions of AR were also evaluated. The extract significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures in SHRs, with peak reductions of 20.3% and 26.7% respectively at 50 mg/kg by the 21st day of oral subacute exposure. Upon intravenous exposure, AR (50 mg/kg) reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by as much as 53.4 ± 2.2 and 49.2 ± 2.8 mmHg respectively. A dose-dependent reduction in heart rate, significant at 25 and 50 mg/kg was also observed. Hexamethonium (20 mg/kg) and atropine (1 mg/kg) inhibited the extract's reduction of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly. The extract's butanol fraction produced the greatest systolic and diastolic blood pressures reduction of 67.0 ± 3.8 and 68.4 mmHg respectively at 25 mg/kg and heart rate reduction of 40 ± 7 beats per minute at 50 mg/kg. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin in AR. The extract's alterations of haemodynamic parameters in this study show that it has hypotensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ruth Aigbe
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.,Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Sattar Zubaid Munavvar
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Rathore
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Olorunfemi Eseyin
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. O. Box 4274, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Yen Pei Pei
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Safia Akhtar
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ashfaq Chohan
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jin
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jooli Khoo
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Samual Tan
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Lazhari
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sheryar Afzar
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fiaz Ahmed
- Renal and Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Olufunmilayo Olaide Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Edward Johns
- Department of Physiology, University College, Cork, Ireland
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Wang K, Feng C, Li C, Yao J, Xie X, Gong L, Luan Y, Xing G, Zhu X, Qi X, Ren J. Baicalin Protects Mice from Aristolochic Acid I-Induced Kidney Injury by Induction of CYP1A through the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204831 PMCID: PMC4519959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to aristolochic acid I (AAI) can lead to aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and urothelial cancer. The induction of hepatic CYP1A, especially CYP1A2, was considered to detoxify AAI so as to reduce its nephrotoxicity. We previously found that baicalin had the strong ability to induce CYP1A2 expression; therefore in this study, we examined the effects of baicalin on AAI toxicity, metabolism and disposition, as well as investigated the underlying mechanisms. Our toxicological studies showed that baicalin reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) in AAI-treated mice and attenuated renal injury induced by AAI. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that baicalin markedly decreased AUC of AAI in plasma and the content of AAI in liver and kidney. CYP1A induction assays showed that baicalin exposure significantly increased the hepatic expression of CYP1A1/2, which was completely abolished by inhibitors of the Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), 3ʹ,4ʹ-dimethoxyflavone and resveratrol, in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, the luciferase assays revealed that baicalin significantly increased the luciferase activity of the reporter gene incorporated with the Xenobiotic response elements recognized by AhR. In summary, baicalin significantly reduced the disposition of AAI and ameliorated AAI-induced kidney toxicity through AhR-dependent CYP1A1/2 induction in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chenggang Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Likun Gong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Luan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guozhen Xing
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinming Qi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Ding YJ, Wang BC, Wen CC, Sun CY, Lee HH, Lee FP, Yang LL, Chen YH. Evaluation of the teratogenic effects of three traditional Chinese medicines, Si Jun Zi Tang, Liu Jun Zi Tang and Shenling Baizhu San, during zebrafish pronephros development. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:141-9. [PMID: 26441476 PMCID: PMC4588208 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic effects of three common Chinese
medical prescriptions, Si Jun Zi Tang (SJZT), Liu Jun Zi Tang (LJZT) and Shenling Baizhu
San (SLBS), during zebrafish pronephros development. We used the transgenic zebrafish line
Tg(wt1b:EGFP) to assess the teratogenic effects using
12 different protocols, which comprised combinations of 4 doses (0, 25, 250, 1,250 ng/mL)
and 3 exposure methods [methods I, 12–36 hours post fertilization (hpf), II, 24–48 hpf,
and III, 24–36 hpf]. As a result, few defects in the kidneys were observed in the embryos
exposed to 25 ng/mL of each medical prescription. The percentage of kidney malformation
phenotypes increased as the exposure concentrations increased (25 ng/mL, 0–10%; 250 ng/mL,
0–60%; 1,250 ng/mL, 80–100%). Immunohistochemistry for α6F, which is a basolateral and
renal tubular differentiation marker, revealed no obvious defective phenotypes in either
SJZT- or LJZT-treated embryos, indicating that these Chinese medical prescriptions had
minimal adverse effects on the pronephric duct. However, SLBS-treated embryos displayed a
defective phenotype in the pronephric duct. According to these findings, we suggest (1)
that the Chinese medical prescriptions induced kidney malformation phenotypes that are
dose dependent and (2) that the embryonic zebrafish kidney was more sensitive to SLBS than
SJZT and LJZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
| | - Bo-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
| | - Chi-Chung Wen
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, McGinn Road, Keelung, Taiwan 204
| | - Hsun-Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, No. 291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 235
| | - Fei-Peng Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wan Fang Hospital, No. 111, Xinlung Road, Sec. 3, Taipei, Taiwan 116 ; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Center of e-CAM, Taipei Medical University,No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110 ; Department of Health and Creative Vegetarian Science, Fo Guang University, No. 160, Linwei Road, Jiaosi, Yilan County, Taiwan 262
| | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
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Ngarivhume T, Van't Klooster CIEA, de Jong JTVM, Van der Westhuizen JH. Medicinal plants used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria in the Chipinge district in Zimbabwe. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:224-37. [PMID: 25449454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Because about 50% of the Zimbabwean population is at risk of contracting malaria each year, the majority of people, especially in rural areas, use traditional plant-based medicines to combat malaria. This explorative ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to document how malaria is conceptualized and diagnosed by traditional healers, and to record the medicinal plants used in the prevention and treatment of malaria, their mode of preparation and administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was conducted in three villages in Headman Muzite׳s area and in Chiriga village. These villages are located in the Chipinge district in the Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe.Traditional healers were selected with the assistance of the headman of the Muzite area and a representative of the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 traditional healers from four villages in the Chipinge district in Zimbabwe. RESULTS In total, 28 plants from 16 plant families are used by the healers who manage malaria with medicinal plants. The most cited plant is Cassia abbreviata Oliv. (Leguminosae) followed by Aristolochia albida Duch (Aristolociaceae) and Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae). Roots (55.3%) are the most common part used. Most of the plant parts used to treat malaria are stored as dried powders in closed bottles. The powders are soaked in hot or cold water and the water extract is taken as the active medicine. The healers consider their medicinal knowledge as a spiritual family heritage. Only 25% of the healers refer the malaria patients that do not respond to their treatment to hospital - they believe evil spirits cause their remedies to failure and they would rather try a different plant or perform a cleansing ceremony. CONCLUSIONS Local knowledge of medicinal plants in the treatment of malaria still exists in all four villages surveyed and traditional healers appear to play an important role in primary health care services in this remote rural area in Zimbabwe. This explorative survey underscores the need to preserve and document traditional healing for managing malaria and for more future scientific research on the plants to determine their efficacy and their safety. This could improve their traditional anti-malarial recipes and might contribute to a better integration of Zimbabwean traditional medicine into the national health system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talkmore Ngarivhume
- Department of Chemistry, Walter Sisulu University, NMD campus, P.O. Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Charlotte I E A Van't Klooster
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam (UvA), P.O. Box 15718, 1001 NE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop T V M de Jong
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam (UvA), P.O. Box 15718, 1001 NE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Van der Westhuizen
- Directorate: Research Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
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Marcotullio MC, Pelosi A, Curini M. Hinokinin, an emerging bioactive lignan. Molecules 2014; 19:14862-78. [PMID: 25232707 PMCID: PMC6271885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hinokinin is a lignan isolated from several plant species that has been recently investigated in order to establish its biological activities. So far, its cytotoxicity, its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities have been studied. Particularly interesting is its notable anti-trypanosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carla Marcotullio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Pelosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Curini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Zhou Z, Luo J, Pan K, Kong L. A new alkaloid glycoside from the rhizomes of Aristolochia fordiana. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1065-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.905934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Fate of Ingested Aristolactams from Aristolochia chilensis in Battus polydamas archidamas (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). INSECTS 2013; 4:533-41. [PMID: 26462522 PMCID: PMC4553502 DOI: 10.3390/insects4040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed a sequestration study of aristolactams (ALs) from Aristolochia chilensis in Battus polydamas archidamas (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) by examining the AL content of the plant, fifth instar larvae, osmeterial secretion, pupae, exuviae and feces. Aristolactam-I (AL-I) and aristolactam-II (AL-II) present in A. chilensis are sequestered by fifth instar larvae of B. polydamas archidamas. There is a preferential sequestration of AL-II, or a more efficient metabolization and excretion of AL-I, by the larva. No ALs were found in the osmeterial secretion, pupae and exuviae; in addition, little AL-I and no AL-II were found in larval frass. The two lactams, particularly AL-I, are extensively metabolized to other products in the larva. A reasonable hypothesis is that the ingested ALs are oxidized to their respective aristolochic acids.
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