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Odigie AE, Capozza P, Tempesta M, Decaro N, Pratelli A. Epidemiological investigation of enteric canine coronaviruses in domestic dogs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105289. [PMID: 38749265 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Canine enteric coronavirus (CeCoV) is a globally distributed enteric pathogen that causes significant harm to canines. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the global dissemination of CeCoV and assess the potential for infected canines to be exposed to various CeCoV genotypes and subtypes. With an aggregated prevalence of 18.8%, the study predicted regional variations, indicating that CeCoV is an exceptionally prevalent disease. The increased likelihood that infected canines will be asymptomatic is a significant cause for concern, as undetected cases of CeCoV infection could persist and spread the disease. This underscores the significance of ongoing surveillance of CeCoV in order to avert its transmission. Nevertheless, further investigation is necessary in order to ascertain the moderators that significantly impact the prevalence and distribution of distinct subtypes and genotypes of CeCoV. Hence, it is imperative to undertake randomized clinical trials in order to acquire a more accurate understanding of the variables that influence the prevalence of CeCoV. By conducting ongoing surveillance, regional variations in the prevalence of CeCoV in canines can be accounted for, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the illness and ultimately impeding its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Pratelli A, Capozza P, Minesso S, Lucente MS, Pellegrini F, Tempesta M, Franceschi V, Buonavoglia C, Donofrio G. Humoral Immune Response in Immunized Sheep with Bovine Coronavirus Glycoproteins Delivered via an Adenoviral Vector. Pathogens 2024; 13:523. [PMID: 39057750 PMCID: PMC11280461 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is distributed globally and mainly causes different clinical manifestations: enteric diarrhea in calves, winter dysentery in adults, and respiratory symptoms in cattle of all ages. Low mortality and high morbidity are the hallmarks of BCoV infection, usually associated with substantial economic losses for the livestock industry. Vaccination, combined with the implementation of biosecurity measures, is the key strategy for the prevention of infections. This pilot study evaluates the immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccine containing two BCoV antigens (S and M) in sheep, compared to vaccines containing only the M or S protein. Three groups of sheep were inoculated intramuscularly at day 0 and day 21 with recombinant adenoviruses expressing BCoV S protein (AdV-BCoV-S), BCoV M protein (AdV-BCoV-M), or both proteins (AdV-BCoV-S + M). Serum antibodies were evaluated using immunofluorescence (IF) and serum neutralization (SN) tests. Moderate seroconversion was observed by day 21, but serum antibodies detected via SN increased from 1:27.5 (day 21) to 1:90 (day 28) in sheep inoculated with the recombinant AdV expressing both the S- and M-BCoV proteins. Based on the SN results, a repeated-measures ANOVA test indicated a more significant difference in immune response between the three groups (F = 20.47; p < 0.001). The experimental investigation produced satisfactory results, highlighting that the S + M recombinant vaccine was immunogenic, stimulating a valid immune response. Despite some inherent limitations, including a small sample size and the absence of challenge tests, the study demonstrated the efficacy of the immune response induced via the recombinant vaccine containing both S and M proteins compared to that induced via the individual proteins S or M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.L.); (F.P.); (M.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.L.); (F.P.); (M.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Sergio Minesso
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.M.); (V.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.L.); (F.P.); (M.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.L.); (F.P.); (M.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.L.); (F.P.); (M.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Valentina Franceschi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.M.); (V.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.L.); (F.P.); (M.T.); (C.B.)
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.M.); (V.F.); (G.D.)
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Pratelli A, Buonavoglia C. A Brief Focus on SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Evolution and Vaccines. Pathogens 2023; 12:1253. [PMID: 37887769 PMCID: PMC10610376 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in a live animal market in the Hubei Province of Wuhan in China in late 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy;
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Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Decaro N, Galgano M, Pratelli A. A One Health Perspective on Canine Coronavirus: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040921. [PMID: 37110344 PMCID: PMC10143937 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is a positive-strand RNA virus generally responsible for mild-to-severe gastroenteritis in dogs. In recent years, new CCoVs with acquired pathogenic characteristics have emerged, turning the spotlight on the evolutionary potential of CCoVs. To date, two genotypes are known, CCoV type I and CCoV type II, sharing up to 96% nucleotide identity in the genome but highly divergent in the spike gene. In 2009, the detection of a novel CCoV type II, which likely originated from a double recombination event with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), led to the proposal of a new classification: CCoV type IIa, including classical CCoVs and CCoV type IIb, including TGEV-like CCoV. Recently, a virus strictly correlated to CCoV was isolated from children with pneumonia in Malaysia. The HuPn-2018 strain, classified as a novel canine–feline-like recombinant virus, is supposed to have jumped from dogs into people. A novel CoV of canine origin, HuCCoV_Z19Haiti, closely related to the Malaysian strain was also detected in a man with fever after travel to Haiti, suggesting that infection with Malaysian-like strains may occur. These data and the emergence of highly pathogenic CoVs in humans underscore the significant threat that CoV spillovers pose to humans and how we should mitigate this hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Galgano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Sp Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Dunowska M. Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in animals: a review for the veterinary practitioner. N Z Vet J 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36927253 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2191349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn 2019 a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from an unidentified source and spread rapidly among humans worldwide. While many human infections are mild, some result in severe clinical disease that in a small proportion of infected people is fatal. The pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been facilitated by efficient human-to-human transmission of the virus, with no data to indicate that animals contributed to this global health crisis. However, a range of domesticated and wild animals are also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection under both experimental and natural conditions. Humans are presumed to be the source of most animal infections thus far, although natural transmission between mink and between free-ranging deer has occurred, and occasional natural transmission between cats cannot be fully excluded. Considering the ongoing circulation of the virus among people, together with its capacity to evolve through mutation and recombination, the risk of the emergence of animal-adapted variants is not negligible. If such variants remain infectious to humans, this could lead to the establishment of an animal reservoir for the virus, which would complicate control efforts. As such, minimising human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should be considered as part of infection control efforts. The aim of this review is to summarise what is currently known about the species specificity of animal coronaviruses, with an emphasis on SARS-CoV-2, in the broader context of factors that facilitate cross-species transmission of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunowska
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Pellegrini F, Omar AH, Buonavoglia C, Pratelli A. SARS-CoV-2 and Animals: From a Mirror Image to a Storm Warning. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121519. [PMID: 36558853 PMCID: PMC9782541 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city (Hubei province, China) in December 2019, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international public health emergency on 11 March 2020 [...].
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Cerracchio C, Iovane V, Salvatore MM, Amoroso MG, Dakroub H, DellaGreca M, Nicoletti R, Andolfi A, Fiorito F. Effectiveness of the Fungal Metabolite 3- O-Methylfunicone towards Canine Coronavirus in a Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line (A72). Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1594. [PMID: 36421238 PMCID: PMC9687078 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine coronavirus (CCoV), an alphacoronavirus, may cause self-limiting enteric disease in dogs, especially in puppies. The noteworthy plasticity of coronaviruses (CoVs) occurs through mutation and recombination processes, which sometimes generate new dangerous variants. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the isolation of a novel canine-feline recombinant alphacoronavirus from humans emphasizes the cross-species transmission ability of CoVs. In this context, exploring antiviral compounds is essential to find new tools for fighting against CoVs infections. Fungi produce secondary metabolites, which are often developed as antibiotics, fungicides, hormones, and plant growth regulators. Previous examinations of benzo-γ-pyrone 3-O-methylfunicone (OMF), obtained from Talaromyces pinophilus, showed that it reduces the infectivity of hepatitis C virus and bovine herpesvirus 1. Based on this evidence, this study evaluated the antiviral ability of OMF against CCoV infection in a canine fibrosarcoma (A72) cell line. During CCoV infection, a non-toxic dose of OMF markedly increased features of cell viability. Moreover, OMF induced a significant reduction in virus yield in the presence of an intense downregulation of the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP). These findings occurred in the presence of a marked reduction in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression. Taken together, preliminary findings suggest that OMF inhibiting AhR shows promising activity against CCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cerracchio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Salvatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Amoroso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Unit of Virology, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Hiba Dakroub
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Unit of Virology, Department of Animal Health, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Nicoletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Cerracchio C, Serra F, Amoroso MG, Fiorito F. Canine Coronavirus Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor during In Vitro Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112437. [PMID: 36366535 PMCID: PMC9692492 DOI: 10.3390/v14112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that interacts with substrates, including microbial metabolites. Recent advances reveal that AhR is involved in the host response to coronaviruses (CoVs) infection. Particularly, AhR antagonists decrease the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via AhR up-regulation, resulting in suppression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in mammalian cells. Herein, we report that AhR is expressed in canine fibrosarcoma (A72) cells, where it is considerably activated by infection with genotype II of canine coronavirus (CCoV-II). The pharmacological inhibition of AhR, by CH223191, suppressed cell death signs and increased cell viability. Furthermore, the AhR antagonist induced a meaningful decline in virus yield, accompanied by the inhibition of the expression of viral nuclear protein (NP). Fascinatingly, during CCoV infection, a novel co-expression of NP and AhR expression was found. Taken together, our preliminary findings show that infection with CCoV activates AhR, and pharmacologic AhR inhibition reduces CCoV replication, identifying AhR as a possible candidate target for CCoV antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cerracchio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Serra
- Department of Animal Health, Unit of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Amoroso
- Department of Animal Health, Unit of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); Tel.: +39-0812536180
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Pratelli A, Tempesta M, Elia G, Martella V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. The knotty biology of canine coronavirus: A worrying model of coronaviruses' danger. Res Vet Sci 2021; 144:190-195. [PMID: 34838321 PMCID: PMC8605815 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe clinical diseases associated to αCoronavirus (αCoV) infections were recently demonstrated for the first time in humans and a closely related but distinct canine CoV (CCoV) variant was identified in the nasopharyngeal swabs of children with pneumonia hospitalized in Malaysia, in 2017-2018. The complete genome sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolated strain, CCoV-HuPn-2018, was a novel canine-feline-like recombinant virus with a unique nucleoprotein. The occurrence of three human epidemics/pandemic caused by CoVs in the recent years and the detection of CCoV-HuPn-2018, raises questions about the ability of these viruses to overcome species barriers from their reservoirs jumping to humans. Interestingly, in this perspective, it is interesting to consider the report concerning new CCoV strains with a potential dual recombinant origin through partial S-gene exchange with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) identified in pups died with acute gastroenteritis in 2009. The significance of the ability of CCoVs to evolve is still unclear, but several questions arisen on the biology of these viruses, focusing important epidemiological outcomes in the field, in terms of both virus evolution and prophylaxis. The new CCoV-Hupn-2018 should lead researchers to pay more attention to the mechanisms of recombination among CoVs, rather than to the onset of variants as a result of mutations, suggesting a continuous monitoring of these viruses and in particular of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
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