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Tang J, Tan M, Liao S, Pang M, Li J. Recent progress in the biology and physiology of BMP-8a. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:219-228. [PMID: 36594156 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2160326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BMP-8a is a member of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and plays a regulatory role in human growth and development as a transcription regulator. This review aims to summarize the current research on the impact and mechanism of BMP-8a in female and male reproduction, formation and eruption of teeth, bone and cartilage development, tissue differentiation, disease occurrence, progression and prognosis. METHODS The phrases "BMP-8a," "BMPs," "regulator," "mechanism," "osteoblast," "cartilage," "cancer," "disease," and "inflammation" were searched in the PubMed database. The abstracts were evaluated, and a series of original publications and reviews were examined. RESULTS According to the search, BMP-8a affects the development of the uterus by inhibiting luteinization and plays an important role in late spermatogenesis. It is highly expressed in osteogenesis and differentially expressed in chondrogenesis. Furthermore, BMP-8a has a significant impact on the occurrence, development and prognosis of various diseases. CONCLUSIONS BMP-8a regulates important factors and pathways, such as SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8, to promote or inhibit the developmental processes of human reproductive organs. BMP-8a is also a member of the BMP family of proteins that regulates chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In addition to its osteoinductive capabilities, BMP-8a is involved in the progression of diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Liao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengwei Pang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Xu W, Li Y, Feng R, He P, Zhang Y. γ-Tocotrienol induced the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:398-410. [PMID: 34908071 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T3), an isoprenoid phytochemical, has shown the promotion of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in our previous study. In this study, its underlying mechanism was investigated through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. Comparative experiment results showed that γ-T3, not α-tocopherol (α-TOC) increased more significantly the viability and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. After that, the cells were incubated with 10 mM LiCl, or 4 μM γ-T3 with or without 1 μM XAV-939. γ-T3 at 4 μM stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by increasing the expression and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and the expressions of their downstream factors, such as cyclin-D1, c-Myc, BMP2 and BMP-4 in MC3T3-E1 cells. γ-T3 not only upregulated the viability, induced G0/G1 to the S phase, and promoted the expressions of PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) and Ki-67, but also increased ALP activity and the expressions of ON, OPN and OCN. Moreover, the effects of γ-T3 on the MC3T3-E1 cells resembled the actions of LiCl, an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, all these effects of γ-T3 on the MC3T3-E1 cells were completely blocked by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor XAV-939. Our data demonstrated that γ-T3 can target β-catenin to enhance the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which led to increased expressions of the downstream cell proliferation and cell cycle-associated (cyclin D1 and c-myc), and cell differentiation-associated (BMP-2 and BMP-4) target genes, and ultimately promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, γ-T3 may be a potential agent to prevent and reverse osteoporosis due to its safety and powerful abilities of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Yutong Li
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Pan He
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
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3
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Malysheva K, Kwaśniak K, Gnilitskyi I, Barylyak A, Zinchenko V, Fahmi A, Korchynskyi O, Bobitski Y. Functionalization of Polycaprolactone Electrospun Osteoplastic Scaffolds with Fluorapatite and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Biocompatibility Comparison of Human Versus Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1333. [PMID: 33802003 PMCID: PMC8001513 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A capability for effective tissue reparation is a living requirement for all multicellular organisms. Bone exits as a precisely orchestrated balance of bioactivities of bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. The main feature of osteoblasts is their capability to produce massive extracellular matrix enriched with calcium phosphate minerals. Hydroxyapatite and its composites represent the most common form of bone mineral providing mechanical strength and significant osteoinductive properties. Herein, hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite functionalized composite scaffolds based on electrospun polycaprolactone have been successfully fabricated. Physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of generated matrices have been validated. Both the hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite containing polycaprolactone composite scaffolds demonstrated good biocompatibility towards mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, the presence of both hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite nanoparticles increased scaffolds' wettability. Furthermore, incorporation of fluorapatite nanoparticles enhanced the ability of the composite scaffolds to interact and support the mesenchymal stem cells attachment to their surfaces as compared to hydroxyapatite enriched composite scaffolds. The study of osteoinductive properties showed the capacity of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite containing composite scaffolds to potentiate the stimulation of early stages of mesenchymal stem cells' osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, polycaprolactone based composite scaffolds functionalized with fluorapatite nanoparticles generates a promising platform for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Malysheva
- Department of Human Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.M.); (K.K.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwaśniak
- Department of Human Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.M.); (K.K.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Iaroslav Gnilitskyi
- “NoviNano Lab” LLC, Pasternaka 5, 79015 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Photonics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandera 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Adriana Barylyak
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69b, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Viktor Zinchenko
- Department of Chemistry of Functional Inorganic Materials, Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lustdorfska doroga 86, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine;
| | - Amir Fahmi
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science, Marie-Curie 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany;
| | - Olexandr Korchynskyi
- Department of Human Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.M.); (K.K.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Radiology, S.Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01161 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Bobitski
- Department of Photonics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandera 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Institute of Physics, Centrum of Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, University of Rzeszow, S. Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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4
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Campos Y, Sola FJ, Almirall A, Fuentes G, Eich C, Que I, Chan A, Kaijzel E, Tabata Y, Quintanilla L, Rodríguez‐Cabello JC, Cruz LJ. Design, construction, and biological testing of an implantable porous trilayer scaffold for repairing osteoarthritic cartilage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:355-368. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Campos
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
- Biomaterials CenterUniversity of Havana Havana Cuba
| | | | - Amisel Almirall
- Biomaterials CenterUniversity of Havana Havana Cuba
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and EngineeringInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Gastón Fuentes
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
- Biomaterials CenterUniversity of Havana Havana Cuba
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and EngineeringInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Bioforge Lab, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER‐BBNUniversidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA Valladolid Spain
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V. Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kaijzel
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and EngineeringInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Luis Quintanilla
- Bioforge Lab, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER‐BBNUniversidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA Valladolid Spain
| | - José C. Rodríguez‐Cabello
- Bioforge Lab, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER‐BBNUniversidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA Valladolid Spain
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
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5
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Shahba S, Jafari Shakib R, Jamshidi A, Vojdanian M, Akhtari M, Aslani S, Poursani S, Nikokar I, Mahmoudi M. Association study of copy number variation in BMP8A gene with the risk of ankylosing spondylitis in Iranian population. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8359-8365. [PMID: 30485530 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA segments has been considered as an important component of genetic variation, affecting the quality and quantity of gene expression. Bone morphogenic protein 8A (BMP8A) has been reported to function in bone formation. With respect to the bone and joint complications in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), this investigation aimed to study the role of BMP8A gene CNV in impressing the gene expression as well as the disease risk. METHODS A total of 900 individuals, including 450 patients with AS and 450 healthy controls were enrolled. The copy numbers of BMP8A gene were detected by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. BMP8A messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also measured by SYBR Green real-time gene expression PCR method. RESULTS No significant association of BMP8A copy number was detected with the risk of AS. BMP8A mRNA expression level was significantly downregulated in patients compared with controls. mRNA expression level of BMP8A in both AS patients with and without syndesmophyte was significantly lower than the healthy control group. There was no correlation between the mRNA expression level of BMP8A and both demographic and clinical data of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Although BMP8A gene expression was downregulated in patients with AS, its copy number could not affect the transcript level of BMP8A gene in PBMCs and was not associated with susceptibility to AS in Iranian population. BMP8a may take into account as an indicator of bone formation process in AS, but it seems that mechanisms other than CNV may regulate this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shahba
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari Shakib
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vojdanian
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Poursani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Nikokar
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Kim B, Lee JH, Jin WJ, Kim HH, Ha H, Lee ZH. Trapidil induces osteogenesis by upregulating the signaling of bone morphogenetic proteins. Cell Signal 2018; 49:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Cabanas-Danés J, Landman E, Huskens J, Karperien M, Jonkheijm P. Hydrolytically Labile Linkers Regulate Release and Activity of Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9298-9306. [PMID: 30005569 PMCID: PMC6143286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Release of growth factors while simultaneously maintaining their full biological activity over a period of days to weeks is an important issue in controlled drug delivery and in tissue engineering. In addition, the selected strategy to immobilize growth factors largely determines their biological activity. Silica surfaces derivatized with glycidyloxy propyl trimethoxysilane and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes yielded epoxide-functionalized surfaces onto which human bone morphogenetic protein-6 (hBMP-6) was immobilized giving stable secondary amine bonds. The biological activity of hBMP-6 was unleashed by hydrolysis of the surface siloxane and ester bonds. We demonstrate that this type of labile bonding strategy can be applied to biomaterial surfaces with relatively simple and biocompatible chemistry, such as siloxane, ester, and imine bonds. Our data indicates that the use of differential hydrolytically labile linkers is a versatile method for functionalization of biomaterials with a variety of growth factors providing control over their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Cabanas-Danés
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ellie Landman
- Developmental
BioEngineering Group, TechMed Centre, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental
BioEngineering Group, TechMed Centre, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Schoeman MA, Oostlander AE, Rooij KE, Valstar ER, Nelissen RG. Peri-prosthetic tissue cells show osteogenic capacity to differentiate into the osteoblastic lineage. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1732-1742. [PMID: 27714894 PMCID: PMC5573935 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the process of aseptic loosening of prostheses, particulate wear debris induces a continuous inflammatory-like response resulting in the formation of a layer of fibrous peri-prosthetic tissue at the bone-prosthesis interface. The current treatment for loosening is revision surgery which is associated with a high-morbidity rate, especially in old patients. Therefore, less invasive alternatives are necessary. One approach could be to re-establish osseointegration of the prosthesis by inducing osteoblast differentiation in the peri-prosthetic tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of peri-prosthetic tissue cells to differentiate into the osteoblast lineage. Cells isolated from peri-prosthetic tissue samples (n = 22)-obtained during revision surgeries-were cultured under normal and several osteogenic culture conditions. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by measurement of Alkaline Phosphatse (ALP), mineralization of the matrix and expression of several osteogenic genes. Cells cultured in osteogenic medium showed a significant increase in ALP staining (p = 0.024), mineralization of the matrix (p < 0.001) and ALP gene expression (p = 0.014) compared to normal culture medium. Addition of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a specific GSK3β inhibitor (GIN) or a combination of BMP and GIN to osteogenic medium could not increase ALP staining, mineralization, and ALP gene expression. In one donor, addition of GIN was required to induce mineralization of the matrix. Overall, we observed a high-inter-donor variability in response to osteogenic stimuli. In conclusion, peri-prosthetic tissue cells, cultured under osteogenic conditions, can produce alkaline phosphatase and mineralized matrix, and therefore show characteristics of differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:1732-1742, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karien Ede Rooij
- Department of OrthopaedicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Edward R. Valstar
- Department of OrthopaedicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Rob G.H.H. Nelissen
- Department of OrthopaedicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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9
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Malysheva KV, Finiuk NS, Pavlenko OK, Havrylyuk DY, Lesyk RB, Stoika RS, Korchynsky OG. 4-Thiazolidinone-based derivatives rescue TNAα-inhibited osteoblast differentiation in mouse mesenchymal precursor cells. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.si01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Malysheva K, de Rooij K, Lowik CW, Baeten DL, Rose-John S, Stoika R, Korchynskyi O. Interleukin 6/Wnt interactions in rheumatoid arthritis: interleukin 6 inhibits Wnt signaling in synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Croat Med J 2017; 57:89-98. [PMID: 27106351 PMCID: PMC4856197 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2016.57.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the impact of previously unrecognized negative interaction between the Wnt and interleukin (IL) 6 signaling pathways in skeletal tissues as a possible major mechanism leading to age- and inflammation-related destruction of bone and joints. Methods Luciferase reporter assays were performed to monitor Wnt pathway activation upon IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) treatment. Functional contribution of IL-6 and TNFα interaction to inhibition of bone formation was evaluated in vitro using small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) in mouse mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) of C2C12 and KS483 lines induced to differentiate into osteoblasts by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). Results IL-6 inhibited the activation of Wnt signaling in primary human synoviocytes, and, together with TNFα and Dickkopf-1, inhibited the activation of Wnt response. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-6 mRNA significantly increased early BMP2/7-induced osteogenesis and rescued it from the negative effect of TNFα in C2C12 cells, as well as intensified bone matrix mineralization in KS483 cells. Conclusion IL-6 is an important mediator in the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by TNFα, and knockdown of IL-6 partially rescues osteogenesis from the negative control of inflammation. The anti-osteoblastic effects of IL-6 are most likely mediated by its negative interaction with Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olexandr Korchynskyi
- Olexandr Korchynskyi, Department of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), 14/16, Drahomanov St., Lviv 79005, Ukraine,
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11
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Malysheva KV, Spasyuk IM, Pavlenko OK, Stoika RS, Korchynsky OG. Generation of optimized preparations of bone morphogenetic proteins for bone regeneration. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:87-97. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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12
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Schoeman MA, Moester MJ, Oostlander AE, Kaijzel EL, Valstar ER, Nelissen RG, Löwik CW, Rooij KE. Inhibition of GSK3β Stimulates BMP Signaling and DecreasesSOSTExpression Which Results in Enhanced Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2938-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique A.E. Schoeman
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Angela E. Oostlander
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Eric L. Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Edward R. Valstar
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Delft The Netherlands
| | - Rob G.H.H. Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W.G.M. Löwik
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Karien E.de Rooij
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Percuros BV; Enschede; The Netherlands
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13
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Visser R, Bodnarova K, Arrabal PM, Cifuentes M, Becerra J. Combining bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and -6 has additive effects on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:178-85. [PMID: 26238281 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While only two members of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily (BMP-2 and -7) are approved to be used in combination with collagen type I in orthopaedic surgery, other BMPs are known to also be highly osteoinductive. Although all the osteogenic BMPs signal through Smad-1/-5/-8 phosphorylation, they show different preferences for the available BMP receptors. In this work we studied the effect of combining two osteogenic BMPs (-2 and -6), which belong to different groups within the subfamily and have different affinities to the existing BMP receptors. Both the growth and in vitro differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were studied, as well as in vivo ectopic bone formation when the BMPs were intramuscularly implanted in rats with collagen type I sponges as carriers. The results show that these two growth factors have additive effects on the osteoblastic differentiation of cells in vitro and that their combination might be helpful to accelerate in vivo osteogenesis while reducing the amount of each individual BMP used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Visser
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Kristina Bodnarova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pilar M Arrabal
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Becerra
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
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14
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Cabanas-Danés J, Rodrigues ED, Landman E, van Weerd J, van Blitterswijk C, Verrips T, Huskens J, Karperien M, Jonkheijm P. A Supramolecular Host–Guest Carrier System for Growth Factors Employing VHH Fragments. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12675-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505695w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Cabanas-Danés
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jasper van Weerd
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department
of Complex Tissue and Organ Regeneration, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Theo Verrips
- Cellular
Architecture and Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
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15
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Simultaneous imaging and restoration of cell function using cell permeable peptide probe. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6287-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Moester MJC, Schoeman MAE, Oudshoorn IB, van Beusekom MM, Mol IM, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CWGM, de Rooij KE. Validation of a simple and fast method to quantify in vitro mineralization with fluorescent probes used in molecular imaging of bone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:80-5. [PMID: 24269236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alizarin Red S staining is the standard method to indicate and quantify matrix mineralization during differentiation of osteoblast cultures. KS483 cells are multipotent mouse mesenchymal progenitor cells that can differentiate into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts and are a well-characterized model for the study of bone formation. Matrix mineralization is the last step of differentiation of bone cells and is therefore a very important outcome measure in bone research. Fluorescently labelled calcium chelating agents, e.g. BoneTag and OsteoSense, are currently used for in vivo imaging of bone. The aim of the present study was to validate these probes for fast and simple detection and quantification of in vitro matrix mineralization by KS483 cells and thus enabling high-throughput screening experiments. KS483 cells were cultured under osteogenic conditions in the presence of compounds that either stimulate or inhibit osteoblast differentiation and thereby matrix mineralization. After 21 days of differentiation, fluorescence of stained cultures was quantified with a near-infrared imager and compared to Alizarin Red S quantification. Fluorescence of both probes closely correlated to Alizarin Red S staining in both inhibiting and stimulating conditions. In addition, both compounds displayed specificity for mineralized nodules. We therefore conclude that this method of quantification of bone mineralization using fluorescent compounds is a good alternative for the Alizarin Red S staining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique A E Schoeman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke B Oudshoorn
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Percuros BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabel M Mol
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Percuros BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karien E de Rooij
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Percuros BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Leblanc E, Drouin G, Grenier G, Faucheux N, Hamdy R. From skeletal to non skeletal: The intriguing roles of BMP-9: A literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.410a4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Balaramnavar VM, Khan IA, Siddiqui JA, Khan MP, Chakravarti B, Sharan K, Swarnkar G, Rastogi N, Siddiqui HH, Mishra DP, Chattopadhyay N, Saxena AK. Identification of Novel 2-((1-(Benzyl(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)benzoic Acid Analogues as BMP-2 Stimulators. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8248-59. [PMID: 22978808 DOI: 10.1021/jm300985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H. H. Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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19
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Albers CE, Hofstetter W, Sebald HJ, Sebald W, Siebenrock KA, Klenke FM. L51P - A BMP2 variant with osteoinductive activity via inhibition of Noggin. Bone 2012; 51:401-6. [PMID: 22750402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have to be applied at high concentrations to stimulate bone healing. The limited therapeutic efficacy may be due to the local presence of BMP antagonists such as Noggin. Thus, inhibiting BMP antagonists is an attractive therapeutic option. We hypothesized that the engineered BMP2 variant L51P stimulates osteoinduction by antagonizing Noggin-mediated inhibition of BMP2. Primary murine osteoblasts (OB) were treated with L51P, BMP2, and Noggin. OB proliferation and differentiation were quantified with XTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. BMP receptor dependent intracellular signaling in OB was evaluated with Smad and p38 MAPK phosphorylation assays. BMP2, Noggin, BMP receptor Ia/Ib/II, osteocalcin, and ALP mRNA expressions were analyzed with real-time PCR. L51P stimulated OB differentiation by blocking Noggin mediated inhibition of BMP2. L51P did not induce OB differentiation directly and did not activate BMP receptor dependent intracellular signaling via the Smad pathway. Treatment of OB cultures with BMP2 but not with L51P resulted in an increased expression of ALP, BMP2, and Noggin mRNA. By inhibiting the BMP antagonist Noggin, L51P enhances BMP2 activity and stimulates osteoinduction without exhibiting direct osteoinductive function. Indirect osteoinduction with L51P seems to be advantageous to osteoinduction with BMP2 as BMP2 stimulates the expression of Noggin thereby self-limiting its own osteoinductive activity. Treatment with L51P is the first protein-based approach available to augment BMP2 induced bone regeneration through inhibition of BMP antagonists. The described strategy may help to decrease the amounts of exogenous BMPs currently required to stimulate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph E Albers
- Group for Bone Biology and Orthopedic Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Liu H, Zhang R, Chen D, Oyajobi BO, Zhao M. Functional redundancy of type II BMP receptor and type IIB activin receptor in BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:952-63. [PMID: 21503889 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important in osteoblast differentiation. Although the precise function of type I BMP receptors in mediating BMP signaling for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation has been characterized previously, the role of type II BMP receptors in osteoblasts is to be well clarified. In this study, we investigated the role of type II BMP receptor (BMPR-II) and type IIB activin receptor (ActR-IIB) in BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation. While osteoblastic 2T3 cells expressed BMPR-II and ActR-IIB, loss-of-function studies, using dominant negative receptors and siRNAs, showed that BMPR-II and ActR-IIB compensated each other functionally in mediating BMP2 signaling and BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation. This was evidenced by two findings. First, unless there was loss of function of both type II receptors, isolated disruption of either BMPR-II or ActR-IIB did not remove BMP2 activity. Second, in cells with loss of function of both receptors, restoration of function of either BMPR-II or ActR-IIB by transfection of the wild-type forms, restored BMP2 activity. These findings suggest a functional redundancy between BMPR-II and ActR-IIB in osteoblast differentiation. Results from experiments to test the effects of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), activin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation suggest that inhibition of receptor signaling by double-blockage of BMPR-II and ActR-IIB is BMP-signaling specific. The observed functional redundancy of type II BMP receptors in osteoblasts is novel information about the BMP signaling pathway essential for initiating osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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21
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Pastor MF, Floerkemeier T, Witte F, Nellesen J, Thorey F, Windhagen H, Wellmann M. Repetitive recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 injections improve the callus microarchitecture and mechanical stiffness in a sheep model of distraction osteogenesis. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2012; 4:e13. [PMID: 22577501 PMCID: PMC3348688 DOI: 10.4081/or.2012.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) increases the mechanical integrity of callus tissue during bone healing. This effect may be either explained by an increase of callus formation or a modification of the trabecular microarchitecture. Therefore the purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential benefit of rhBMP-2 on the trabecular microarchitecture and on multidirectional callus stiffness. Further we asked, whether microarchitecture changes correlate with optimized callus stiffness. In this study a tibial distraction osteogenesis (DO) model in 12 sheep was used to determine, whether percutaneous injection of rhBMP-2 into the distraction zone influences the microarchitecture of the bone regenerate. After a latency period of 4 days, the tibiae were distracted at a rate of 1.25 mm/day over a period of 20 days, resulting in total lengthening of 25 mm. The operated limbs were randomly assigned to one treatment groups and one control group: (A) triple injection of rhBMP-2 (4 mg rhBMP-2/injection) and (B) no injection. The tibiae were harvested after 74 days and scanned by µCT (90 µm/voxel). In addition, we conducted a multidirectional mechanical testing of the tibiae by using a material testing system to assess the multidirectional strength. The distraction zones were tested for torsional stiffness and bending stiffness antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) direction, compression strength and maximum axial torsion. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by student's t-test and Regression analysis using power functions with a significance level of P<0.05. Triple injections of rhBMP-2 induced significant changes in the trabecular architecture of the regenerate compared with the control: increased trabecular number (Tb.N.) (treatment group 1.73 mm/1 vs. control group 1.2 mm/1), increased cortical bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (treatment group 0.68 vs. control group 0.47), and decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp.) (treatment group 0.18 mm vs. control group 0.43 mm).The analyses of the mechanical strength of regenerated bone showed significant differences between treatment group (A) and the control group (B). The bending stiffness anterior-posterior (treatment group 17.48 Nm vs. control group 8.3 Nm), medial-lateral (treatment group 18,9 Nm vs. control group 7.92 Nm) and the torsional stiffness (treatment group 41.17N/° vs. control group 16.41N/°) are significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The regression analyses revealed significant non-linear relationships between BV/TV, TB.N., Tb.Sp. and all mechanical properties. Maximal correlation coefficients were found for the Tb.Sp. vs. the bending stiffness AP and ML with R(2)=0.69 and R(2)=0.70 (P<0.0001). There was no significant relation between Connectivity and the compression strength and the maximum axial torque. This study suggests that rhBMP-2 optimizes the trabecular microarchitecture of the regenerate, which might explain the advanced mechanical integrity of newly formed bone under rhBMP-2 treatment.
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22
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Burke GA, Rea CJ, Horgan FG, Turkington M, Boyd AR, Meenan BJ. Osteoblast-like cell response to calcium phosphate coating chemistry and morphology on etched silicon surfaces. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:835-851. [PMID: 22286226 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Being able to control the behaviour of osteoblast-like cells on a surface may provide a genuine insight into the material surface characteristics and help in creating a successful coating/cell interface. The possibility of creating a micro-environment that can induce proliferation, differentiation and mineralisation of bone cells in vitro, by successfully combining both chemistry and topography of a micro-fabricated substrate is an area that requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Utilising sputter deposition, a process that lends itself to high processability, in conjunction with photolithography allowing for the creation of highly repeatable etched surfaces, we aim to provide a successful combination of chemistry and topography. Correlating the substrate conditions with resultant osteoblast biological function and activity can ultimately be used with a view to modulating the behavior of osteoblast-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Burke
- Northern Ireland Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK.
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23
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Ugarte G, Cappellari O, Perani L, Pistocchi A, Cossu G. Noggin recruits mesoderm progenitors from the dorsal aorta to a skeletal myogenic fate. Dev Biol 2012; 365:91-100. [PMID: 22370001 PMCID: PMC3327875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic mesoangioblasts are the in vitro counterpart of vessel-associated progenitors, able to differentiate into different mesoderm cell types. To investigate signals recruiting these progenitors to a skeletal myogenic fate, we developed an in vitro assay, based upon co-culture of E11.5 dorsal aorta (from MLC3 F-nLacZ transgenic embryos, expressing nuclear beta galactosidase only in striated muscle) with differentiating C2C12 or primary myoblasts. Under these conditions muscle differentiation from cells originating from the vessel can be quantified by counting the number of beta gal + nuclei. Results indicated that Noggin (but not Follistatin, Chordin or Gremlin) stimulates while BMP2/4 inhibits myogenesis from dorsal aorta progenitors; neutralizing antibodies and shRNA greatly reduce these effects. In contrast, TGF-β1, VEGF, Wnt7A, Wnt3A, bFGF, PDGF-BB and IGF1 have no effect. Sorting experiments indicated that the majority of these myogenic progenitors express the pericyte marker NG2. Moreover they are abundant in the thoracic segment at E10.5 and in the iliac bifurcation at E11.5 suggesting the occurrence of a cranio-caudal wave of competent cells along the aorta. BMP2 is expressed in the dorsal aorta and Noggin in newly formed muscle fibers suggesting that these two tissues compete to recruit mesoderm cells to a myogenic or to a perithelial fate in the developing fetal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ugarte
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
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24
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The transient receptor potential channel TRPV6 is dynamically expressed in bone cells but is not crucial for bone mineralization in mice. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1951-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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McGonnell IM, Grigoriadis AE, Lam EWF, Price JS, Sunters A. A specific role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT in osteoblasts? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:88. [PMID: 22833734 PMCID: PMC3400941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT (protein kinase B) signaling pathway (PI3K/AKT) plays a central role in the control of cell survival, growth, and proliferation throughout the body. With regard to bone, and particularly in osteoblasts, there is an increasing amount of evidence that the many signaling molecules exert some of their bone-specific effects in part via selectively activating some of the generic effects of the PI3K/AKT pathway in osteoblasts. There is further data demonstrating that PI3K/AKT has the capacity to specifically cross-talk with other signaling pathways and transcriptional networks controlling bone cells' development in order to fine-tune the osteoblast phenotype. There is also evidence that perturbations in the PI3K/AKT pathway may well be responsible for certain bone pathologies. In this review, we discuss some of these findings and suggest that the PI3K/AKT pathway is a central nexus in the extensive network of extracellular signaling pathways that control the osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda M. McGonnell
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College,London, UK
| | - Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital,London, UK
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital,London, UK
| | - Joanna S. Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol,Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Sunters
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College,London, UK
- *Correspondence: Andrew Sunters, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, Camden, London NW1 0TU, UK. e-mail:
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26
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Groen RWJ, de Rooij MFM, Kocemba KA, Reijmers RM, de Haan-Kramer A, Overdijk MB, Aalders L, Rozemuller H, Martens ACM, Bergsagel PL, Kersten MJ, Pals ST, Spaargaren M. N-cadherin-mediated interaction with multiple myeloma cells inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Haematologica 2011; 96:1653-61. [PMID: 21828122 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.038133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by a clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, which is accompanied by the development of osteolytic lesions and/or diffuse osteopenia. The intricate bi-directional interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment plays a critical role in sustaining the growth and survival of myeloma cells during tumor progression. Identification and functional analysis of the (adhesion) molecules involved in this interaction will provide important insights into the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. DESIGN AND METHODS Multiple myeloma cell lines and patients' samples were analyzed for expression of the adhesion molecule N-cadherin by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry and expression microarray. In addition, by means of blocking antibodies and inducible RNA interference we studied the functional consequence of N-cadherin expression for the myeloma cells, by analysis of adhesion, migration and growth, and for the bone marrow microenvironment, by analysis of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS The malignant plasma cells in approximately half of the multiple myeloma patients, belonging to specific genetic subgroups, aberrantly expressed the homophilic adhesion molecule N-cad-herin. N-cadherin-mediated cell-substrate or homotypic cell-cell adhesion did not contribute to myeloma cell growth in vitro. However, N-cadherin directly mediated the bone marrow localization/retention of myeloma cells in vivo, and facilitated a close interaction between myeloma cells and N-cadherin-positive osteoblasts. Furthermore, this N-cadherin-mediated interaction contributed to the ability of myeloma cells to inhibit osteoblastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data show that myeloma cells frequently display aberrant expression of N-cadherin and that N-cadherin mediates the interaction of myeloma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment, in particular the osteoblasts. This N-cadherin-mediated interaction inhibits osteoblast differentiation and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W J Groen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Mohseny AB, Machado I, Cai Y, Schaefer KL, Serra M, Hogendoorn PCW, Llombart-Bosch A, Cleton-Jansen AM. Functional characterization of osteosarcoma cell lines provides representative models to study the human disease. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1195-205. [PMID: 21519327 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines represent in vitro models for studying malignancies, general cell biology, drug discovery and more. Whether they can be considered as exact representative models of the parental tumors remains uncertain given the acquisition of additional ex vivo changes of the cells and the lack of tissue architecture and stroma. Previously, within the EuroBoNeT consortium, we characterized a collection of bone sarcoma cell lines on genomic and proteomic level. Here, we address the phenotypical and functional characterization of the unique set of osteosarcoma cell lines (n=19) in vitro and in vivo. For functional analysis of differentiation capacity, cells were stimulated towards osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Furthermore, all cell lines were injected subcutaneously and intramuscularly into nude mice to assay their in vivo tumor formation capacity as well as for phenotypical analysis of the tumors. All formed tumors were further characterized histologically and immunohistochemically. Out of 19 cell lines, 17 (89%) showed adipogenic differentiation, 13/19 (68%) could differentiate towards osteoblasts and in 6/19 (32%) cell lines chondrogenic differentiation was evident. About half of the cell lines (8/19, 42%) produced tumors in vivo after subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. Several cell lines showed invasion into adjacent tissues and one tumor developed several lung metastases. The use of cell lines, especially in cancer research, is of paramount importance. Here, we identify comprehensively characterized osteosarcoma cell lines, which robustly represent clinical osteosarcoma providing researchers useful in vitro and in vivo models to study the genetics and functional characteristics of this highly malignant neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Mohseny
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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de Gorter DJJ, van Dinther M, Korchynskyi O, ten Dijke P. Biphasic effects of transforming growth factor β on bone morphogenetic protein-induced osteoblast differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1178-87. [PMID: 21611961 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) exert an important role in skeletal development, adult bone homeostasis, and fracture healing and have demonstrated clinical utility for bone regeneration. However, BMPs fall short as regenerative agents because high doses need to be used to obtain therapeutic effects. Determining the molecular mechanisms controlling BMP-induced bone formation may lead to the development of more effective BMP-based therapies. To identify kinases mediating BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, we performed an siRNA screen to find kinases modulating BMP-6-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Surprisingly, although transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) generally is considered to antagonize BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with siRNAs targeting TGF-β receptors displayed reduced BMP-6-induced ALP activity. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibitors blocking the TGF-β type I receptor impaired BMP-induced ALP activity in KS483 and C2C12 cells and mineralization of KS483 cells. Consistently, costimulation with BMPs and TGF-β further increased expression of osteoblast-specific genes, ALP activity, and mineralization of KS483 cells and primary mesenchymal stem cells compared with BMPs alone. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of TGF-β were found to depend on timing and duration of the costimulation. TGF-β inhibited BMP-induced activation of a BMP-Smad-dependent luciferase reporter, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of TGF-β is not due to increased BMP-Smad activity. TGF-β also inhibited the BMP-induced expression of the BMP antagonist noggin and prolonged BMP activity. In conclusion, TGF-β, besides acting as an inhibitor, also can, by dampening the noggin-mediated negative-feedback loop, enhance BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, which might be beneficial in fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J J de Gorter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Kuo HC, Chiu CC, Chang WC, Sheen JM, Ou CY, Kuo HC, Chen RF, Hsu TY, Chang JC, Hsaio CC, Wang FS, Huang CC, Huang HY, Yang KD. Use of Proteomic Differential Displays to Assess Functional Discrepancies and Adjustments of Human Bone Marrow- and Wharton Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1305-15. [DOI: 10.1021/pr101057w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology Chia-Yi Campus, Taiwan
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30
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Endogenous BMPR-IB signaling is required for early osteoblast differentiation of human bone cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2010; 47:251-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Choi YJ, Lee JY, Park JH, Park JB, Suh JS, Choi YS, Lee SJ, Chung CP, Park YJ. The identification of a heparin binding domain peptide from bone morphogenetic protein-4 and its role on osteogenesis. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7226-38. [PMID: 20621352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of heparin binding has been become crucial in exerting growth factor related tissue formation. Receptor-mediated osteoblastic differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 and supportive function of its heparin binding has been proposed, direct role of the heparin binding site of BMP-4 on osteogenesis has not yet been fully investigated. If the binding site itself plays role on osteogenesis, the site domain can be useful in bone formation in combination with biomaterial. Herein, we synthesized a peptide sequence corresponding to residues 15-24 of BMP-4 (HBD, RKKNPNCRRH), as potential heparin binding sequence. The HBD peptide-induced ostoegenic differentiation by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), one of the key regulators in hMSC. Also, treatment of cultured hMSCs with heparinase blocked both HBD peptide-induced osteogenic differentiation and GAG chain detection while abolishing the increased phospho-ERK level. These results suggest that the identified heparin binding domain peptide (HBD) stimulated osteoblastic differentiation via interaction with heparin and the ERK signaling. In vivo results further demonstrated that HBD, as a form of complex with alginate gel, was able to induce bone formation in the bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Choi
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Krause C, Korchynskyi O, de Rooij K, Weidauer SE, de Gorter DJJ, van Bezooijen RL, Hatsell S, Economides AN, Mueller TD, Löwik CWGM, ten Dijke P. Distinct modes of inhibition by sclerostin on bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41614-26. [PMID: 20952383 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin is expressed by osteocytes and has catabolic effects on bone. It has been shown to antagonize bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and/or Wnt activity, although at present the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Consistent with previous findings, Sclerostin opposed direct Wnt3a-induced but not direct BMP7-induced responses when both ligand and antagonist were provided exogenously to cells. However, we found that when both proteins are expressed in the same cell, sclerostin can antagonize BMP signaling directly by inhibiting BMP7 secretion. Sclerostin interacts with both the BMP7 mature domain and pro-domain, leading to intracellular retention and proteasomal degradation of BMP7. Analysis of sclerostin knock-out mice revealed an inhibitory action of sclerostin on Wnt signaling in both osteoblasts and osteocytes in cortical and cancellous bones. BMP7 signaling was predominantly inhibited by sclerostin in osteocytes of the calcaneus and the cortical bone of the tibia. Our results suggest that sclerostin exerts its potent bone catabolic effects by antagonizing Wnt signaling in a paracrine and autocrine manner and antagonizing BMP signaling selectively in the osteocytes that synthesize simultaneously both sclerostin and BMP7 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Krause
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften der UniversitätWürzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Cai Y, Mohseny AB, Karperien M, Hogendoorn PCW, Zhou G, Cleton-Jansen AM. Inactive Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in conventional high-grade osteosarcoma. J Pathol 2010; 220:24-33. [PMID: 19882675 DOI: 10.1002/path.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour, with a peak incidence in children and young adolescents, suggesting a role of rapid bone growth in its pathogenesis. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in skeletal development and is indispensable for osteoblasts' lineage determination. Previous studies suggesting an oncogenic role for the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in osteosarcoma were based on cytoplasmic staining of beta-catenin or the detection of one component of this pathway. However, those approaches are inappropriate to address whether the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is functionally active. Therefore, in this study, we examined nuclear beta-catenin expression in 52 human osteosarcoma biopsies, 15 osteoblastomas (benign bone tumours), and four human osteosarcoma cell lines by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we modulated Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activity using a GIN (GSK3beta inhibitor) and evaluated its effect on cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. Absence of nuclear beta-catenin staining was found in 90% of the biopsies and all osteosarcoma cell lines, whereas strong nuclear beta-catenin staining was observed in all osteoblastomas. Wnt-luciferase activity was comparable to the negative control in all osteosarcoma cell lines. GIN stimulated the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, as shown by translocation of beta-catenin into the nucleus and increased Wnt-luciferase activity as well as mRNA expression of AXIN2, a specific downstream target gene. Stimulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by GIN significantly reduced cell proliferation in the cell lines MG-63 and U-2-OS and enhanced differentiation in the cell lines HOS and SJSA-1, as shown by an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. In contrast with the oncogenic role of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in osteosarcoma as previous studies suggested, here we demonstrate that this pathway is inactivated in osteosarcoma. Moreover, activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway inhibits cell proliferation or promotes osteogenic differentiation in osteosarcoma cell lines. Our data suggest that loss of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activity, which is required for osteoblast differentiation, may contribute to osteosarcoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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Senta H, Park H, Bergeron E, Drevelle O, Fong D, Leblanc E, Cabana F, Roux S, Grenier G, Faucheux N. Cell responses to bone morphogenetic proteins and peptides derived from them: Biomedical applications and limitations. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:213-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Seib FP, Franke M, Jing D, Werner C, Bornhäuser M. Endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins in human bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:257-71. [PMID: 19303661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are capable of self renewal or differentiation into several different lineages, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. However, upon prolonged in vitro culture, MSCs tend to undergo spontaneous osteogenic differentiation. Here, we address the possible role of endogenous osteogenic bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in in situ osteoblastic differentiation of human MSCs. Human MSCs consistently express biologically active BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-6 in addition to all BMP-activated receptors, which are functional as shown by the induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and up-regulation of osteogenic genes (ALP, BSP1, collagen I and Runx2) following BMP-2 exposure. Since glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been implicated in the modulation of the osteogenic bioactivity of BMPs, we reduced sulphated cell surface GAGs by NaClO(3) treatment and found significantly reduced osteogenic gene expression and ALP activity, suggesting that this was partly due to the reduced biological activity of endogenous BMPs. Antagonising osteogenic BMP activity led to a significant reduction in the ALP activity and down-regulation of the transcription factor Runx2 associated with osteogenic development. Blocking BMP receptor type I kinase function with dorsomorphin demonstrated that endogenous osteogenesis was independent of Smad activation but was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K). Inclusion of the PI-3K kinase inhibitor Ly294002 significantly reduced osteogenic gene expression and ALP activity. Spontaneous mineralisation was also abrogated following PI-3K inhibition. Thus, endogenous BMPs could contribute to spontaneous osteogenesis through Smad-independent PI-3K-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Philipp Seib
- Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Hou CH, Hou SM, Tang CH. Ultrasound increased BMP-2 expression via PI3K, Akt, c-Fos/c-Jun, and AP-1 pathways in cultured osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:7-15. [PMID: 19009553 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that ultrasound (US) stimulation accelerates fracture healing in the animal models and in clinical studies. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a crucial mediator in bone formation during fracture healing. Here we found that US stimulation increased BMP-2 expression but not other BMPs. US induced BMP-2 transcription is mediated by AP-1 element but not estrogen receptor response element and GC-rich Sp1 response element. Pretreatment of osteoblasts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (Ly294002) and Akt inhibitor inhibited the potentiating action of US; these results were further substantiated by transfecting with the dominant negative mutants of p85 and Akt. US stimulation increased the phosphorylation of p85 subunit of PI3K and serine 473 of Akt. Transfection of osteoblasts with c-Fos and c-Jun antisense oligonucleotide also reduced US-increased BMP-2 expression. US-increased the binding of c-Fos and c-Jun to the AP-1 element on the BMP-2 promoter and the enhancement of AP-1 luciferase activity was inhibited by Ly294002 and Akt inhibitor. Our results suggest that US increased BMP-2 expression in osteoblasts via the PI3K, Akt, c-Fos/c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsialogiannis E, Polyzois I, Tang QO, Pavlou G, Tsiridis E, Heliotis M, Tsiridis E. Targeting bone morphogenetic protein antagonists:in vitroandin vivoevidence of their role in bone metabolism. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 13:123-37. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220802637725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Buijs JT, van der Pluijm G. Osteotropic cancers: from primary tumor to bone. Cancer Lett 2008; 273:177-93. [PMID: 18632203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that primary cancers spread to distant organs with characteristic preference. Bone metastases occur in approximately 70% of patients with advanced breast and prostate cancer, causing severe morbidity and hospitalization. In the last decade, we have gained a better understanding of the mechanisms by which certain tumor types tend to metastasize specifically to bone. It appears that the interaction between the organ microenvironment and cancer cells is fundamental for establishing metastatic growth. Accordingly, Stephen Paget's 'seed and soil' hypothesis - stating that circulating cancer cells (the 'seeds') disperse in all directions, but can accomplish metastases only in organs where the microenvironment (the 'soil') is permissive for their growth - still holds forth today. For this reason, this review uses the 'seed and soil' hypothesis as a template to discuss novel insight and developments in the bone metastasis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen T Buijs
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Singhatanadgit W, Mordan N, Salih V, Olsen I. Changes in bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB localisation regulate osteogenic responses of human bone cells to bone morphogenetic protein-2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:2854-64. [PMID: 18619554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell responses to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) depend on the expression and surface localisation of transmembrane receptors BMPR-IA, -IB and -II. The present study shows that all three antigens are readily detected in human bone cells. However, only BMPR-II was found primarily at the plasma membrane, whereas BMPR-IA was expressed equally in the cytoplasm and at the cell surface. Notably, BMPR-IB was mainly intracellular, where it was associated with a number of cytoplasmic structures and possibly the nucleus. Treatment with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) caused rapid translocation of BMPR-IB to the cell surface, mediated via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. The TGF-beta1-induced increase in surface BMPR-IB resulted in significantly elevated BMP-2 binding and Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, although the receptor was subsequently internalised and the functional response to BMP-2 consequently down-regulated. The results show, for the first time, that BMPR-IB is localised primarily in intracellular compartments in bone cells and that TGF-beta1 induces rapid surface translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell surface, resulting in increased sensitivity of the cells to BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Singhatanadgit
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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Kwong FNK, Richardson SM, Evans CH. Chordin knockdown enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R65. [PMID: 18533030 PMCID: PMC2483456 DOI: 10.1186/ar2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are critical growth factors in the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells during development in embryos and fracture repair in adults. Although recombinant BMPs are in use clinically, their clinical efficiency needs to be improved. The biological activities of BMPs are naturally regulated by extracellular binding proteins. The specific hypotheses tested in this study were as follows: the BMP inhibitor chordin is produced endogenously during the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); and blockade of the activity of the BMP inhibitor increases the rate of osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in vitro. METHODS Human MSCs were derived from bone marrow from an iliac crest aspirate and from patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty. The MSCs were induced down the osteogenic pathway using standard osteogenic differentiation media, and expressions of BMP-2 and chordin were determined by gene expression analysis. During osteogenic differentiation, chordin knockdown was induced using RNA interference. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by measuring the expression of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition. The differences in expression of osteogenic makers between groups were compared by analysis of variance, followed by Gabriel post hoc test. RESULTS We demonstrate the expression of BMP-2 and chordin in human MSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Knockdown of chordin by RNA interference in vitro resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase and the deposition of extracellular mineral, in response to osteogenic stimulation. CONCLUSION We conclude that endogenously produced chordin constrains the osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. The targeting of BMP inhibitors, such as chordin, may provide a novel strategy for enhancing bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois N K Kwong
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Wu JB, Fong YC, Tsai HY, Chen YF, Tsuzuki M, Tang CH. Naringin-induced bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression via PI3K, Akt, c-Fos/c-Jun and AP-1 pathway in osteoblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:333-41. [PMID: 18495116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a reduction in skeletal mass due to an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays important roles in osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. Therefore, components involved in BMP activation are good targets for the development of anti-osteoporosis drugs. In this study, naringin a polymethoxylated flavonoid, was shown to enhance alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin level, osteopontin synthesis and cell proliferation in primary cultured osteoblasts. Naringin increased mRNA and protein levels of BMP-2 using Western blot, ELISA and RT-PCR assay. In addition, naringin also prevented the decreasing of BMP-2 and bone loss inducing by ovariectomy in vivo. The transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 by naringin was mediated by phosphorylation of Akt and activation of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) components c-Fos and c-Jun. The binding of c-Fos and c-Jun to the AP-1 element on the BMP-2 promoter was enhanced by naringin. Transfection with dominant-negative mutant of p85 and Akt or c-Fos and c-Jun antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the potentiating action of naringin on BMP-2 production. Taken together, our results provide evidence that naringin increase BMP-2 expression and enhance osteogenic response via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, c-Fos/c-Jun and AP-1-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Takahashi T, Kamiya N, Kawabata N, Takagi M. The effect of retinoic acid on a zinc finger transcription factor, AJ18, during differentiation of a rat clonal preosteoblastic cell line, ROB-C20, into osteoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:87-94. [PMID: 17825242 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A zinc finger type transcription factor, AJ18, is thought to be a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation, but its expression mechanism is not fully understood. Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and involves the proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cells. To verify the effect of RA on osteoblast differentiation, AJ18 expression level was examined using a rat clonal preosteoblastic cell line, ROB-C20 (C20). DESIGN Confluent C20 cells were treated with or without RA (10(-6)M) for several days. Northern, real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed to examine AJ18 expression pattern in gene and protein levels. To identify the active promoter sequence of AJ18 gene, luciferase assay was designed. Furthermore, the effect of overexpressed AJ18 in C20 cells on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA expression and its activity was compared with that of RA-treated cells. RESULTS RA increased the expression of AJ18 mRNA from 2 to 13 days as well as its protein production. However, no significant changes of Runx2 mRNA expression and undetectable osterix mRNA expression were observed in C20 cells treated with or without RA. Luciferase assay showed increases in promoter activities in some constructs of 5'-flanking region of AJ18 gene in RA-treated C20 cells. On the other hand, RA decreases enzymatic activity and mRNA expression level of ALP, but mRNA expression levels of bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin were not altered. Interestingly, reduced ALP activity and its mRNA expression level were detected in exogenous AJ18-overexpressing C20 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that RA may restrict to the differentiation of C20 cells into mature osteoblasts via inductive AJ18 expression with activation of multiple signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomihisa Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
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Grasser WA, Orlic I, Borovecki F, Riccardi KA, Simic P, Vukicevic S, Paralkar VM. BMP-6 exerts its osteoinductive effect through activation of IGF-I and EGF pathways. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2007; 31:759-65. [PMID: 17634942 PMCID: PMC2266664 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-007-0407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that human recombinant BMP-6 (rhBMP-6), given systematically, can restore bone in animal models of osteoporosis. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of new bone formation following systemic application of BMPs, we conducted gene expression profiling experiments using bone samples of oophrectomised mice treated with BMP-6. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of insulin-like growth factor-I and epidermal growth factor related pathways in animals treated with BMP-6. Significant upregulation of IGF-I and EGF expression in bones of BMP-6 treated mice was confirmed by quantitative PCR. To develop an in vitro model for evaluation of the effects of BMP-6 on cells of human origin, we cultured primary human osteoblasts. Treatment with rhBMP-6 accelerated cell differentiation as indicated by the formation of mineralised nodules by day 18 of culture versus 28-30 days in vehicle treated cultures. In addition, alkaline phosphatase gene expression and activity were dramatically increased upon BMP-6 treatment. Expression of IGF-I and EGF was upregulated in human osteoblast cells treated with BMP-6. These results collectively indicate that BMP-6 exerts its osteoinductive effect, at least in part, through IGF-I and EGF pathways, which can be observed both in a murine model of osteopenia and in human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Grasser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - I. Orlic
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F. Borovecki
- Center for Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K. A. Riccardi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - P. Simic
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S. Vukicevic
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory of Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V. M. Paralkar
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
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Su JL, Yang CY, Zhao M, Kuo ML, Yen ML. Forkhead proteins are critical for bone morphogenetic protein-2 regulation and anti-tumor activity of resveratrol. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:19385-98. [PMID: 17513867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702452200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem and the most obvious preventive strategy, hormone replacement therapy, has lost favor due to recent findings of the Women's Health Initiative regarding increased risks of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring compound possessing estrogenic activity, is thought to have considerable potential for therapy of osteoporosis. In the present study, resveratrol was found to exhibit bone-protective effects equivalent to those exerted by hormone replacement therapy and decrease the risk of breast cancer in the in vivo and in vitro models. Forkhead proteins were found to be essential for both effects of resveratrol. The bone-protective effect was attributable to induction of bone morphogenetic protein-2 through Src kinase-dependent estrogen receptor activation and FOXA1 is required for resveratrol-induced estrogen receptor-dependent bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression. The tumor-suppressive effects of resveratrol were the consequence of Akt inactivation-mediated FOXO3a nuclear accumulation and activation. Resveratrol is therefore anticipated to be highly effective in management of postmenopausal osteoporosis without an increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Liang Su
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Mussano F, Ciccone G, Ceccarelli M, Baldi I, Bassi F. Bone morphogenetic proteins and bone defects: a systematic review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32:824-30. [PMID: 17414919 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000259227.51180.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of scientific literature. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine whether bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are more effective in treating bone defects than traditional techniques, such as grafting autologous bone. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA BMPs were used in several human randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There are both logical arguments and an empirical basis for using RCTs to evaluate the effects of health care interventions and restrict systematic reviews to such a kind of study design. METHODS An electronic search was made in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE (through MeSH and Emtree), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, extended to May 31, 2006, with no linguistic restrictions. RCTs that compare bone regeneration achieved through BMPs versus that obtained by traditional methods entered the study. RESULTS The 17 publications that met the criteria, divided into subgroups by type of bone, were tabulated by salient characteristics and evaluated through the items proposed by van Tulder et al. However, as the studies differed widely (in terms of site, sample size, dosage of active principle, carrier, clinical and radiologic data recording), it was possible to carry out a metaanalysis of clinical and radiologic outcome only for the subgroup that evaluated the vertebrae, where it was observed that BMPs offer a slightly but statistically significant greater efficacy than do traditional techniques. CONCLUSIONS The use of BMPs at the vertebrae can eliminate the need for surgery to harvest autologous bone. The only large study carried out on the other sites suggests that BMPs should be used at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL to treat fractures of the tibia. However, further RCTs of good methodological quality are advisable so as to clarify the effectiveness of BMPs in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mussano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Italy
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Standal T, Abildgaard N, Fagerli UM, Stordal B, Hjertner O, Borset M, Sundan A. HGF inhibits BMP-induced osteoblastogenesis: possible implications for the bone disease of multiple myeloma. Blood 2007; 109:3024-30. [PMID: 17138824 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-034884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone disease in multiple myeloma is caused by an uncoupling of bone formation from bone resorption. A key difference between patients with and patients without osteolytic lesion is that the latter have fewer and less active osteoblasts. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is often produced by myeloma cells and is found at high concentrations in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma. Here we show that HGF inhibited bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced in vitro osteoblastogenesis. Thus, HGF inhibited BMP-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the murine myoid cell line C2C12, as well as mineralization by hMSCs. Furthermore, the expression of the osteoblast-specific transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix was reduced by HGF treatment. HGF promoted proliferation of hMSCs, and the BMP-induced halt in proliferation was overridden by HGF, keeping the cells in a proliferative, undifferentiating state. BMP-induced nuclear translocation of receptor-activated Smads was inhibited by HGF, providing a possible explanation of how HGF inhibits BMP signaling. The in vitro data were supported by the observation of a negative correlation between HGF and a marker of osteoblast activity, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (rho = -0.45, P = .008), in sera from 34 patients with myeloma. These observations suggest that HGF inhibits bone formation in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Standal
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Schwaninger R, Rentsch CA, Wetterwald A, van der Horst G, van Bezooijen RL, van der Pluijm G, Löwik CWGM, Ackermann K, Pyerin W, Hamdy FC, Thalmann GN, Cecchini MG. Lack of noggin expression by cancer cells is a determinant of the osteoblast response in bone metastases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:160-75. [PMID: 17200191 PMCID: PMC1762703 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate and mammary cancer bone metastases can be osteoblastic or osteolytic, but the mechanisms determining these features are unclear. Bone morphogenetic and Wnt proteins are osteoinductive molecules. Their activity is modulated by antagonists such as noggin and dickkopf-1. Differential expression analysis of bone morphogenetic and Wnt protein antagonists in human prostate and mammary cancer cell lines showed that osteolytic cell lines constitutively express in vitro noggin and dickkopf-1 and at least one of the osteolytic cytokines parathyroid hormone-related protein, colony-stimulating factor-1, and interleukin-8. In contrast, osteoinductive cell lines express neither noggin nor dickkopf-1 nor osteolytic cytokines in vitro. The noggin differential expression profile observed in vitro was confirmed in vivo in prostate cancer cell lines xenografted into bone and in clinical samples of bone metastasis. Forced noggin expression in an osteoinductive prostate cancer cell line abolished the osteoblast response induced in vivo by its intraosseous xenografts. Basal bone resorption and tumor growth kinetics were marginally affected. Lack of noggin and possibly dickkopf-1 expression by cancer cells may be a relevant mechanism contributing to the osteoblast response in bone metastases. Concomitant lack of osteolytic cytokines may be permissive of this effect. Noggin is a candidate drug for the adjuvant therapy of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schwaninger
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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van Bezooijen RL, Svensson JP, Eefting D, Visser A, van der Horst G, Karperien M, Quax PHA, Vrieling H, Papapoulos SE, ten Dijke P, Löwik CWGM. Wnt but not BMP signaling is involved in the inhibitory action of sclerostin on BMP-stimulated bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:19-28. [PMID: 17032150 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived negative regulator of bone formation. It inhibits BMP-stimulated bone formation both in vitro and in vivo but has no direct effect on BMP signaling. Instead, sclerostin inhibits Wnt signaling that is required for BMP-stimulated osteoblastic differentiation. INTRODUCTION Sclerostin is a member of the Dan family of glycoproteins of which many members have been reported to antagonize BMP activity. Sclerostin has been shown to inhibit BMP-stimulated bone formation, but its mechanism of action seems to be different from classical BMP antagonists. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which sclerostin inhibits BMP-stimulated bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA electroporation of calf muscle of mice using expression plasmids for BMP and sclerostin was used to study the effect of sclerostin on BMP-induced bone formation in vivo. Transcriptional profiling using microarrays of osteoblastic cells treated with BMP in the absence or presence of sclerostin was used to find specific growth factor signaling pathways affected by sclerostin. The affected pathways were further studied using growth factor-specific reporter constructs. RESULTS BMP-induced ectopic bone formation in calf muscle of mice was prevented by co-expression of sclerostin in vivo. Transcriptional profiling analysis of osteoblastic cultures indicated that sclerostin specifically affects BMP and Wnt signaling out of many other growth signaling pathways. Sclerostin, however, did not inhibit stimulation of direct BMP target genes. Furthermore, we did not obtain any evidence for sclerostin acting as a direct BMP antagonist using a BMP-specific reporter construct. In contrast, sclerostin shared many characteristics with the Wnt antagonist dickkopf-1 in antagonizing BMP-stimulated bone formation and BMP- and Wnt-induced Wnt reporter construct activation. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin inhibits BMP-stimulated bone formation but does not affect BMP signaling. Instead, it antagonizes Wnt signaling in osteoblastic cells. High bone mass in sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease may, therefore, result from increased Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger L van Bezooijen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden Univerity Medical Center, Ther Netherlands.
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Singhatanadgit W, Salih V, Olsen I. Shedding of a soluble form of BMP receptor-IB controls bone cell responses to BMP. Bone 2006; 39:1008-1017. [PMID: 16774854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily and are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including osteoblast differentiation and bone healing. The activities of the BMP are mediated by signal transduction via three BMP receptors (BMPR-IA, -IB and -II), which are thus essential for the biological actions of the BMP. Although the precise mechanisms which control the BMPR are not yet known, it is possible that post-translational regulation of these cell surface antigens by shedding could modulate their expression and thereby at least partly determine the response of the cells to the BMP. To test this possibility, the present study has examined whether soluble forms of the BMPR are produced by shedding from primary human bone cells in vitro. The results showed that human bone cells expressed both mRNA transcripts and antigens corresponding to BMPR-IA, -IB and -II. Incubation of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent inducer of proteolytic shedding, resulted in a pronounced decrease in cell surface expression of all three BMPR and, concurrently, the presence of "soluble" forms of these antigens in culture supernatants. Moreover, PMA treatment significantly reduced the level of BMP-2-induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation, a major early activation step in signal transduction initiated by BMP/BMPR interaction. It is notable that, while treatment of bone cells with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) also reduced the level of surface BMPR-IB, this inflammatory cytokine had no effect on BMPR-IA or -II levels, hence only the soluble form of BMPR-IB was detected. Furthermore, in addition to down-regulating BMP-2-induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation, IL-1beta also caused a reduction in the level of BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression, both closely associated with bone cell differentiation. In conclusion, our study has provided evidence, for the first time, that BMPR can be modulated at the cell surface by the shedding of a soluble form of the antigen, resulting in a markedly diminished response to BMP-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Singhatanadgit
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - V Salih
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - I Olsen
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom.
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Hoogendam J, Farih-Sips H, van Beek E, Löwik CWGM, Wit JM, Karperien M. Novel late response genes of PTHrP in chondrocytes. HORMONE RESEARCH 2006; 67:159-70. [PMID: 17065821 DOI: 10.1159/000096586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To gain more insight into the downstream effectors of parathyroid hormone (PTH) related peptide (PTHrP) signaling in chondrocytes, we performed microarray analysis to identify late PTHrP response genes using the chondrogenic ATDC5 cell line and studied their response in the osteoblastic KS483 cell line and explanted metatarsals. At day 8 of micromass culture, ATDC5 cells have pre-hypertrophic-like characteristics and at this time point the cells were stimulated with PTHrP for 24 and 72 h and RNA was isolated. PTHrP treatment inhibited outgrowth of cartilage matrix and decreased the expression of Col10a1 mRNA, which is in line with the inhibitory effects of PTHrP on chondrocyte differentiation. Using cDNA microarray analysis, a list of 9 genes (p< 10(-3)) was generated, including 3 upregulated (IGFBP4, Csrp2, and Ecm1) and 6 downregulated (Col9a1, Col2a1, Agc, Hmgn2, Calm1, and Mxd4) response genes. Four out of 9 genes are novel PTHrP response genes and 2 out of 9 have not yet been identified in cartilage. Four out of 9 genes are components of the extra-cellular matrix and the remaining genes are involved in signal transduction and transcription regulation. The response to PTHrP was validated by quantitative PCR, using the same RNA samples as labeled in the microarray experiments and RNA samples isolated from a new experiment. In addition, we examined whether these genes also reacted to PTHrP in other PTHrP responsive models, like KS483 osteoblasts and explanted metatarsals. The expression of late PTHrP response genes varied between ATDC5 chondrocytes, KS483 osteoblasts and metatarsals, suggesting that the expression of late response genes is dependent on the cellular context of the PTHrP responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakomijn Hoogendam
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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