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Tran DD, Davis JP, Ring C, Wang J, Fitzke RE, Leventhal AM, Pedersen ER. Associations between depression, stress, and e-cigarette use among OEF/OIF veterans. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 35:245-251. [PMID: 37133546 PMCID: PMC10156999 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound mental and behavioral health implications for the general U.S. population. However, little is known regarding outcomes for U.S. veterans, who represent a population with high rates of depression, stress, and e-cigarette use. One month prior to the pandemic-related closures (February 2020), 1230 OEF/OIF veterans (ages 18-40) completed an online baseline survey. Six months later, participants completed a follow-up survey (83% retention rate). Hierarchical negative binomial regressions were used to examine the relationship between baseline depression and past 30-day e-cigarette use at follow-up and whether baseline stress moderated this relationship. Veterans who screened positive for depression or who endorsed higher stress levels reported greater e-cigarette use at follow-up. Stress also moderated the relationship between depression and e-cigarette use, such that regardless of stress levels, a positive depression screen was associated with greater rates of later e-cigarette use. However, for those with a negative depression screen, higher stress levels were associated with greater e-cigarette use relative to lower stress levels. Veterans with pre-pandemic depression and stress may be at highest risk for e-cigarette use. Ongoing assessment and treatment for depression and promoting stress management skills for veterans in e-cigarette use prevention and intervention programs may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D. Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordan P. Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Colin Ring
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reagan E. Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric R. Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Ross CP, Lin J, Hefner K, Waters AJ. Use of electronic cigarettes in the United States service member and Veteran populations: A narrative review (2019). MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1897493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Ross
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jie Lin
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Hefner
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Data and Statistics Center, The Emmes Company, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrew J. Waters
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
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