1
|
Ma J, Cheng Y, Su Q, Ai W, Gong L, Wang Y, Li L, Ma Z, Pan Q, Qiao Z, Chen K. Effects of intermittent fasting on liver physiology and metabolism in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:950. [PMID: 34335892 PMCID: PMC8290466 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad spectrum of health benefits from intermittent fasting have been reported in studies on animal models and human subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms of these beneficial effects remain largely elusive. The present study aimed to explore the effects and potential mode of action of intermittent fasting in mouse models with a focus on the liver. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intermittent fasting or ad libitum feeding as controls. It was determined that 12 h of daily intermittent fasting for 30 days significantly reduced the cumulative food intake compared with that in mice with ad libitum feeding. Fasting resulted in a significantly reduced liver mass but only had a minimal effect on bodyweight. The effects on the liver by 30 days of fasting were not reversed by subsequent ad libitum refeeding for 30 days. Among the measured blood biochemical parameters, the levels of blood glucose were decreased, while the levels of alkaline phosphatase were increased in fasting mice. Of note, targeted metabolic profiling revealed global elevation of metabolites in the livers of fasting mice. These metabolic molecules included adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), reduced NADP and succinate, which are essentially involved in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, it was concluded that daily 12 h of intermittent fasting for one month significantly reduced the liver weight of mice, which is associated with enhanced liver metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Experimental Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Linhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Kan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aoyama S, Shibata S. Time-of-Day-Dependent Physiological Responses to Meal and Exercise. Front Nutr 2020; 7:18. [PMID: 32181258 PMCID: PMC7059348 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock drives the temporal coordination in cellular homeostasis and it leads the day-night fluctuation of physiological functions, such as sleep/wake cycle, hormonal secretion, and body temperature. The mammalian circadian clock system in the body is classified hierarchically into two classes, the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and the peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues such as the intestine and liver, as well as other brain areas outside the SCN. The circadian rhythm of various tissue-specific functions is mainly controlled by each peripheral clock and partially by the central clock as well. The digestive, absorptive, and metabolic capacities of nutrients also show the day-night variations in several peripheral tissues such as small intestine and liver. It is therefore indicated that the bioavailability or metabolic capacity of nutrients depends on the time of day. In fact, the postprandial response of blood triacylglycerol to a specific diet and glucose tolerance exhibit clear time-of-day effects. Meal frequency and distribution within a day are highly related to metabolic functions, and optimal time-restricted feeding has the potential to prevent several metabolic dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize the time-of-day-dependent postprandial response of macronutrients to each meal and the involvement of circadian clock system in the time-of-day effect. Furthermore, the chronic beneficial and adverse effects of meal time and eating pattern on metabolism and its related diseases are discussed. Finally, we discuss the timing-dependent effects of exercise on the day-night variation of exercise performance and therapeutic potential of time-controlled-exercise for promoting general health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Aoyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nordholm A, Egstrand S, Gravesen E, Mace ML, Morevati M, Olgaard K, Lewin E. Circadian rhythm of activin A and related parameters of mineral metabolism in normal and uremic rats. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1079-1094. [PMID: 31236663 PMCID: PMC6614158 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activin A is a new fascinating player in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), which is implicated in progressive renal disease, vascular calcification, and osteodystrophy. Plasma activin A rises early in the progression of renal disease. Disruption of circadian rhythms is related to increased risk of several diseases and circadian rhythms are observed in mineral homeostasis, bone parameters, and plasma levels of phosphate and PTH. Therefore, we examined the circadian rhythm of activin A and CKD-MBD-related parameters (phosphate, PTH, FGF23, and klotho) in healthy controls and CKD rats (5/6 nephrectomy) on high-, standard- and low-dietary phosphate contents as well as during fasting conditions. Plasma activin A exhibited circadian rhythmicity in healthy control rats with fourfold higher values at acrophase compared with nadir. The rhythm was obliterated in CKD. Activin A was higher in CKD rats compared with controls when measured at daytime but not significantly when measured at evening/nighttime, stressing the importance of time-specific reference intervals when interpreting plasma values. Plasma phosphate, PTH, and FGF23 all showed circadian rhythms in control rats, which were abolished or disrupted in CKD. Plasma klotho did not show circadian rhythm. Thus, the present investigation shows, for the first time, circadian rhythm of plasma activin A. The rhythmicity is severely disturbed by CKD and is associated with disturbed rhythms of phosphate and phosphate-regulating hormones PTH and FGF23, indicating that disturbed circadian rhythmicity is an important feature of CKD-MBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Nordholm
- Nephrological Department, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Egstrand
- Nephrological Department, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Gravesen
- Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria L Mace
- Nephrological Department, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marya Morevati
- Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Olgaard
- Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Lewin
- Nephrological Department, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Nephrological Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Yusufi FNK, Yusufi ANK. Comparative effect of indomethacin (IndoM) on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane and oxidative stress in the kidney, small intestine and liver of rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:389-394. [PMID: 31080746 PMCID: PMC6506459 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin (IndoM) has prominent anti-inflammatory and analgesic-antipyretic properties. However, high incidence and severity of side-effects on the structure and functions of the kidney, liver and intestine limits its clinical use. The present study tested the hypothesis that IndoM causes multi-organ toxicity by inducing oxidative stress that alters the structure of various cellular membranes, metabolism and hence functions. The effect of IndoM was determined on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane (BBM) and oxidative stress in the rat kideny, liver and intestine to understand the mechanism of IndoM induced toxicity. Adult male Wister rats were given IndoM (20 mg/kg) intra-peritoneally in sodium bicarbonate twice a day for 3 d. The body weights of the rats were recorded before and after experimental procedure. IndoM administration significantly increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase but inorganic phosphate indicating IndoM induced renal, hepatic and intestinal toxicity. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase along with glucose-6- and fructose-1, 6-bis phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme increased but malate dehydrogenase decreased in all tissues. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) significantly increased whereas the antioxidant enzymes decreased in all rat tissues studied. The results indicate that IndoM administration caused severe damage to kidney, liver and intestine by icreasing LPO, suppressing antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting oxidative metablolism. The energy dependence was shifted to anaerobic glycolysis due to mitochondrial damage supported by increased gluconeogenesis to provide more glucose to meet energy requirements.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACPase, Acid phosphatase an enzyme
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase an enzyme
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance statistical tool
- ATP, Adenosine 5’-triphosphate energy currency
- BBM, Brush border membrane intestinal membrane
- BBMV, Brush border membrane vesicles
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen blood parameter
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- G6PDH, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase an enzyme
- G6Pase, Glucose-6-phosphatase an enzyme
- GGTase, γ-Glutammyl transferase an enzyme
- HK, Hexokinase an enzyme
- HMP, Hexose monophosphate
- Indomethacin
- Intestine
- Kidney
- LAP, Leucine amino peptidase, an enzyme
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase an enzyme
- LPO, Lipid peroxidation
- Liver
- MDH, Malate dehydrogenase an enzyme
- ME, Malic enzyme an enzyme
- NADP+, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) reducing equivalent
- Oxidative stress
- Pi, Inorganic phosphate
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SH, Sulfhydryl groups
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase, an enzyme
- TCA cycle, Tri-carboxylic acid cycle
- Toxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, India
| | - Faiz Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, U.P., India
| | - Ahad Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hill FJ, Sayer JA. Re: Sagy I, Zeldetz V, Halerin D, Abu Tailakh M, Novack V. The effect of Ramadan fast on the incidence of renal colic emergency department visits. QJM 2018; 111:353-354. [PMID: 29415261 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F J Hill
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - J A Sayer
- Department of Renal Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, NE7 7DN, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
NasrAllah MM, Osman NA. Fasting during the month of Ramadan among patients with chronic kidney disease: renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Clin Kidney J 2014; 7:348-353. [PMID: 25349694 PMCID: PMC4208786 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfu046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasting during the month of Ramadan is a religious obligation for Muslims who represent 20% of the world population. This study explores the safety of fasting for a whole month among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the possible risk of dehydration and hyperviscosity leading to deterioration of kidney functions and vascular thrombosis. Methods We followed CKD patients with stable kidney function who chose to fast during the month of Ramadan. A group of nonfasting CKD patients served as controls. Serum creatinine was recorded at the beginning of the month, after 1 week of fasting, at the end of the month and 3 months later. Patients were followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results A total of 131 CKD patients were recruited and included in two groups: fasting and nonfasting (mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate 27.7, SD 13 and 21.5, SD 11.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively). A rise of serum creatinine was noted during fasting in 60.4% of patients by Day 7 and was associated with intake of renin angiotensin aldosterone system antagonists [relative risk (RR) 2, P = 0.002]. Adverse cardiovascular events were observed in six patients in the fasting cohort and were associated with a rise of serum creatinine after 1 week of fasting (P = 0.009) and the presence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease (RR 15, P = 0.001); the latter association was confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Only one event was recorded in the nonfasting group, P = 0.036. Conclusions MACE occurred more frequently among fasting CKD patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and were predicted by an early rise of serum creatinine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M NasrAllah
- Department of Nephrology , Kasr AlAiny School of Medicine Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Noha A Osman
- Department of Nephrology , Kasr AlAiny School of Medicine Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rothschild J, Hoddy KK, Jambazian P, Varady KA. Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:308-18. [PMID: 24739093 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a key component of intermittent fasting regimens, has gained considerable attention in recent years. TRF allows ad libitum energy intake within controlled time frames, generally a 3-12 hour range each day. The impact of various TRF regimens on indicators of metabolic disease risk has yet to be investigated. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to summarize the current literature on the effects of TRF on body weight and markers of metabolic disease risk (i.e., lipid, glucoregulatory, and inflammatory factors) in animals and humans. Results from animal studies show TRF to be associated with reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, and concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, insulin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as with improvements in insulin sensitivity. Human data support the findings of animal studies and demonstrate decreased body weight (though not consistently), lower concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These preliminary findings show promise for the use of TRF in modulating a variety of metabolic disease risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rothschild
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shahid F, Rizwan S, Khan MW, Khan SA, Naqshbandi A, Yusufi ANK. Studies on the effect of sodium arsenate on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and oxidative stress in the rat kidney. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:592-599. [PMID: 24562057 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental pollutant and its contamination in drinking water poses serious world wide environmental health threats. It produces multiple adverse effects in various tissues, including the kidney. However, biochemical mechanism and renal response to its toxic insult are not completely elucidated. We hypothesized that sodium arsenate (ARS) induces oxidative stress and alters the structure and metabolic functions of kidney. Male Wistar rats were administered ARS (10 mg/kg body weight/day), intraperitoneally daily for 10 days. ARS administration increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, and phospholipids but decreased inorganic phosphate, indicating kidney toxicity. The activity of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes significantly lowered in both cortex and medulla. Activity of hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, and NADP-malic enzyme significantly increased whereas malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose 1,6 bis phosphatase decreased by ARS exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase, GSH-peroxidase, and catalase were selectively altered in renal tissues along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. The present results indicated that ARS induced oxidative stress caused severe renal damage that resulted in altered levels of carbohydrate metabolism and BBM enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faaiza Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Sana Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Md Wasim Khan
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sara Anees Khan
- SVKMs Mithibai College, Bhakti Vedanta Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ashreeb Naqshbandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Ahad Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|