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Chen K, Wang YC, Yang KT, Huang TH, Hung YM, Chang R. Association of diverticulitis and potential risk of ischemic stroke: population-based matched cohort study in Taiwan. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:475-481. [PMID: 38453141 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested relationship between diverticular disease and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident share a lot of pathogenesis, diverticulitis could also be a risk factor for stroke. This study tried to establish epidemiological evidence of the relationship between colon diverticulitis and ischemic stroke. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, patients with newly diagnosed colon diverticulitis (N = 6238) and patients without colon diverticulitis (control group; N = 24 952) were recruited between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017. Both groups were matched by propensity score at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, comorbidities and medications. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ischemic stroke. We also conducted 4 different regression models and 2 sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our findings. RESULTS The diverticulitis group had a higher risk of IS than the control group (adjusted HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39; P < 0.001). Serial sensitivity analyses yielded consistent positive link between diverticulitis and IS. Further subgroup analysis showed that in the study group, the risk of IS was 2.54-fold higher than the matched controls in 30-39 years. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that colon diverticulitis was associated with a higher risk of developing subsequent ischemic stroke, especially for patients aged 30-39 years, among Asian population. This result provides us a chance to undertake preventive measures for ischemic stroke in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Adult Education, College of Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tsu Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsin Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taitung Branch, Taitung 950, Taiwan
- College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Feng H, Hu X, Lin Y, Xiao J, Dai C, Hu Z, Feng H, Qin J, Chen L. Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:271. [PMID: 38711117 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been used in surgery to improve patients' postoperative cognitive function. However, the role of Dex in stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment is still unclear. In this study, we tested the role of Dex in anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute restrictive stress and analyzed the alterations of the intestinal flora to explore the possible mechanism. Behavioral and cognitive tests, including open field test, elevated plus-maze test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, were performed. Intestinal gut Microbe 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed. We found that intraperitoneal injection of Dex significantly improved acute restrictive stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, recognition, and memory impairment. After habituation in the environment, mice (male, 8 weeks, 18-23 g) were randomly divided into a control group (control, N = 10), dexmedetomidine group (Dex, N = 10), AS with normal saline group (AS + NS, N = 10) and AS with dexmedetomidine group (AS + Dex, N = 10). By the analysis of intestinal flora, we found that acute stress caused intestinal flora disorder in mice. Dex intervention changed the composition of the intestinal flora of acute stress mice, stabilized the ecology of the intestinal flora, and significantly increased the levels of Blautia (A genus of anaerobic bacteria) and Coprobacillus. These findings suggest that Dex attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingni Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Ren-Min Central Road, Changsha City, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, No. 161 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.108 Wansong Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325200, People's Republic of China.
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Xu J, Wang H, Xu R, Li Q, Li L, Su Y, Liu J, Zhu W. Daily fluctuation of Lactobacillus species and their antibiotic resistome in the colon of growing pigs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170821. [PMID: 38336077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
There are various types of bacteria inhabiting the intestine that help maintain the balance of the intestinal microbiota. Lactobacillus is one of the important beneficial bacteria and is widely used as a food starter and probiotic. In this study, we investigated the daily fluctuation of the colonic Lactobacillus species and their distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as antibiotic susceptibility in pigs. Metagenomic analysis revealed that genus Lactobacillus was one of the most dominant genera in the colon of growing pigs. Rhythmicity analysis revealed that 84 out of 285 Lactobacillus species exhibited rhythmic patterns. Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri were the two most abundant lactobacilli with circadian oscillation, which increased during the day and decreased at night. The profile of the antibiotic resistome was modified over time within 24-h period. Elfamycin resistance genes were the most enriched class found in Lactobacillus. Furthermore, the seven strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the pig intestine mainly exhibited resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and lincomycin. The whole genome annotation of four Lactobacillus strains indicated the presence of multiple ARGs, including elfamycin resistance genes, however, the most abundant ARG was optrA in genome of four strains. These results indicate the presence of various Lactobacillus species harboring a large number of ARGs in the swine intestine. This implies that when using animal-derived lactobacilli, it is essential to assess antibiotic resistance to prevent further transmission between animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiuke Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lian Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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da Silva TCA, dos Santos Gonçalves JA, Souza LACE, Lima AA, Guerra-Sá R. The correlation of the fecal microbiome with the biochemical profile during menopause: a Brazilian cohort study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:499. [PMID: 36474222 PMCID: PMC9724392 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal, biochemical, and metabolic changes after menopause may alter the quality of life of women, leading to vasomotor, psychological, and genitourinary symptoms, and changes in their gut microbiota, which regulates estrogen levels through the estroboloma. Fecal samples were used to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota during aging and hormonal changes in women. A balanced gut microbiota has been associated with health or disease conditions and remains poorly understood after menopause. This study identified the fecal microbiota, and their association with biochemical and hormonal parameters of a cohort of women in the climacteric in the city of Ouro Preto-MG, Brazil. METHODS A total of 102 women aged 40 to 65 years old were recruited and distributed into three groups according to the STRAW criteria for reproductive stage: reproductive (n = 18), premenopausal (n = 26), and postmenopausal (n = 58). Blood samples were collected to measure their serum biochemical and hormone levels, and the participants answered a questionnaire. The gut microbiota was analyzed from fecal samples by qPCR using the genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium. RESULTS The following parameters showed differences among the groups: total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, ApoB, urea, calcium, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05). qPCR revealed the genus Clostridium to be the most abundant in all three groups. In the reproductive age group, the significant correlations were: Bacteroides with glucose (r = -0.573 p = 0.0129), and SDHEA (r = -0.583 p = 0.0111). For the premenopausal group, they were: Bifidobacteria with total cholesterol (r = 0.396 p = 0.0451), LDL (r = 0.393 p = 0.0468), ApoB (r = 0.411 p = 0.0368); Lactobacillus and calcium (r = 0.443 p = 0.0232), ALP (r = 0.543 p = 0.0041), LPa (r =-0.442 p = 0.02336); and Bacteroides and urea (r =-0.461 p = 0.0176). In the postmenopausal group, they were Bifidobacterium and ALP (r =-0.315 p = 0.0159), Lactobacillus and urea (r =-0.276 p = 0.0356), and Clostridium and beta estradiol (r =-0.355 p = 0.0062). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the hormonal and metabolic changes during menopause in the population studied were accompanied by a significant change in the fecal microbiota, especially of the genus Clostridium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayane Christine Alves da Silva
- grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Biological Sciences Research Center, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil ,grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LBBM), Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Jennefer Aparecida dos Santos Gonçalves
- grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LBBM), Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Laura Alves Cota e Souza
- grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Angélica Alves Lima
- grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CiPharma), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - R. Guerra-Sá
- grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Biological Sciences Research Center, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil ,grid.411213.40000 0004 0488 4317Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LBBM), Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais Brazil
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Oral and gut dysbiosis leads to functional alterations in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:87. [PMID: 35798742 PMCID: PMC9262988 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have identified a distinct gut microbial composition in Parkinson's disease (PD), few studies have investigated the oral microbiome or functional alteration of the microbiome in PD. We aimed to investigate the connection between the oral and gut microbiome and the functional changes in the PD-specific gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The taxonomic composition of the oral and gut microbiome was significantly different between PD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Oral Lactobacillus was more abundant in PD patients and was associated with opportunistic pathogens in the gut (FDR-adjusted P < 0.038). Functional analysis revealed that microbial gene markers for glutamate and arginine biosynthesis were downregulated, while antimicrobial resistance gene markers were upregulated in PD patients than healthy controls (all P < 0.001). We identified a connection between the oral and gut microbiota in PD, which might lead to functional alteration of the microbiome in PD.
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Jomehzadeh N, Amin M, Javaherizadeh H, Rashno M. MOLECULAR ASSESSMENT OF FECAL LACTOBACILLI POPULATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2022; 59:244-250. [PMID: 35830036 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202202000-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigation of the gut-specific bacterial strains including lactobacilli is essential for understanding the bacterial etiology of constipation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the prevalence and quantity of intestinal lactobacilli in constipated children and healthy controls. METHODS Forty children fulfilling Rome IV criteria for functional constipation and 40 healthy controls were recruited. Fecal samples were analyzed using species-specific polymerase chain reaction followed by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Totally, seven different species of lactobacilli were detected. Out of 80 volunteers, 65 (81.3%) were culture and species-specific PCR positive from which 25 (38.46%) constipated children and 40 (61.54%) healthy subjects. The most prevalent species were L. paracasei 21 (32.3%) followed by L. plantarum 18 (27.7%) among both healthy and patient groups. Analysis of the RAPD dendrograms displayed that strains isolated from constipated and non-constipated children have similarity coefficients of more than 90%. The qPCR assays demonstrated constipated children had a lower amount of total lactobacilli population (per gram of feces) than healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the mere existence of various species of Lactobacillus in the gut does not enough to prevent some gastrointestinal disorders such as functional constipation, and their quantity plays a more important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Jomehzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Sriwichaiin S, Kittichotirat W, Chunchai T, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Profiles of gut microbiota in obese-insulin-resistant rats treated with biotics. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2493-2505. [PMID: 35199196 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS), and synbiotics on several parameters in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. However, the gut microbiota composition in these rats has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of biotic therapies on gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese-insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with a normal diet (ND, n = 5) and a HFD (n = 20) for 24 weeks. At week 13, HFD-fed rats were given either a probiotic (L. paracasei, HF-Pro, n = 5), prebiotic (XOS, HF-Pre, n = 5), synbiotic (XOS + L. paracasei, HF-Syn, n = 5), or vehicle (HF-V, n = 5) for 12 weeks. ND-fed rats received vehicle (ND-V, n = 5). At week 24, all rats were decapitated, and metabolic parameters and gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS HF-V rats developed an obese-insulin-resistant condition as indicated by impaired metabolic parameters. The prebiotic and synbiotic restored those metabolic parameters to the same level of ND-V rats. The gut microbiota composition of ND-V and HF-V rats differed as indicated by beta diversity. Verrucomicrobia in ND-V rats and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in HF-V rats were dominant. Interestingly, Verrucomicrobia was also prominent in the HF-Syn rats. HF-Pre rats showed a distinct gut microbiota the predominant family being Ruminococcaceae. CONCLUSION The changes in gut microbiota after HFD consumption included increased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The treatment with the prebiotic and synbiotic showed an association with the increase in Ruminococcaceae and Verrucomicrobia, respectively. These changes in gut microbiota due to biotics may mediate the beneficial effects on metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Sriwichaiin
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Weerayuth Kittichotirat
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.,Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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9
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da Silva Duarte V, Lombardi A, Corich V, Giacomini A. Assessment of the microbiological origin of blowing defects in Grana Padano Protected Designation of Origin cheese. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2858-2867. [PMID: 35086714 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recognized worldwide for its history, flavor, and high nutritional quality, Grana Padano (GP) is one of the most traditional Italian raw-milk, hard-cooked, long-ripened cheese. Throughout GP manufacturing, some well-known and undesired bacterial species, such as clostridia, can proliferate and lead to spoilage defects that mischaracterize the final product; however, little is known about the development of late-blowing defects in hard cheese samples without clostridia. Therefore, in this study we aimed to use metataxonomic analysis to identify bacterial taxa associated with the development of late-blowing defect in GP samples. Furthermore, the presence of several heterofermentative lactobacilli species in defective zones were verified by primer-specific PCR assay. Considering α- and β-diversity analyses, no statistically significant differences were detected between cheese samples with and without blowing defect. Following taxonomic assignment, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were the dominant genera, whereas clostridia-related taxa were not detected in any of the 20 analyzed samples. Using EdgeR, the genera Propionibacterium and Acinetobacter were found to be prevalently more abundant in samples categorized as having "big regular holes." In samples with "small regular holes," multiplex PCR amplification revealed differences in terms of Lactobacillus population composition, mainly obligate homofermentative lactobacilli, between defective and non-defective zones of the same cheese wheel. This study demonstrated that GP samples with blowing defects not caused by clostridial development share similar biodiversity indices with GP collected from control zones, but an imbalance of obligate homofermentative lactobacilli was noticed between samples, which requires further analysis to better comprehend the exact mechanism involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Angiolella Lombardi
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy
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10
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Xie M, Zhang S, Xu L, Wu Z, Yuan J, Chen X. Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiota During the Different Growth Stages of Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696281. [PMID: 34589066 PMCID: PMC8473915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the growth stage of Procambarus clarkii on their intestinal microbiota. Intestinal samples of five different growth stages of P. clarkii (first instar, second instar, third instar, juvenile, and adult) from laboratory culture were analyzed through the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to determine the intestinal microbiome of crayfish. The alpha diversity decreased along with the growth of the crayfish, with the relative abundance of the microbiota changing among stages; crayfish at closer development stages had a more comparable intestinal microbiota composition. A comparative analysis by principal component analysis and principal coordinate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of crayfish among the different growth stages, except for the first two stages of larval crayfish, and the intestinal microbiota showed a consistent progression pattern from the larval stage to the juvenile stage. Some microbiota showed stage specificity, which might be the characteristic microbiota of different stages of growth. According to FAPROTAX functional clustering analysis, the three stages of larvae were clustered together, while the juvenile and adult stages were clustered separately according to the growth stage, indicating that, in the early stages of larval development, the function of the intestinal flora was similar; as the body grew and developed, the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota also changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xie
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Are Fecal Metabolome and Microbiota Profiles Correlated with Autism Severity? A Cross-Sectional Study on ASD Preschoolers. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100654. [PMID: 34677369 PMCID: PMC8539853 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) make up a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social and communication difficulties associated with repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Besides core features, metabolic imbalances, inflammation, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and altered gut microbiota composition were often described in association with ASD, but their connection with the severity of autism (SA) remains unexplored. In this study, fecal metabolome, microbiota, and calprotectin levels of 80 ASD preschoolers were quantified and correlated with SA. Twelve of the fifty-nine molecules that were quantified by fecal metabolome analysis were significantly associated with SA. No links between SA or GI symptoms and microorganisms' relative abundance were highlighted. Significant correlations between bifidobacteria, Sutterella, lactobacilli relative abundance, and metabolomics profiles were found. These results suggest that fecal metabolome discriminates the SA and intestinal microorganisms mediate the link between metabolome and SA regardless of GI symptomatology. The study raises the possibility that grouping ASD populations through metabolomics and fecal microbiota could aid the identification of specific ASD endophenotypes, on the basis of the SA. Mechanistic studies focusing on detected biomarkers might be an option for future studies.
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12
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Lee JY, Bae E, Kim HY, Lee KM, Yoon SS, Lee DC. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress Linked to the Increased Colonization of Lactobacillus sakei in an Obese Population. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0007421. [PMID: 34190593 PMCID: PMC8552675 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00074-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem related to various chronic health conditions. Lactobacillus species has been reported in obese individuals; however, its role is unknown. We compared the abundance and composition of Lactobacillus species by analyzing feces from 64 healthy control subjects and 88 obese subjects. We isolated one Lactobacillus strain from the feces of a subject with obesity and further analyzed its genetic and molecular features. We found that an increased abundance and higher prevalence of Lactobacillus sakei distinguished the fecal microbiota of the obese group from that of healthy subjects and that it was related to the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by higher fat intake. The L. sakei ob4.1 strain, isolated from the feces of a subject with obesity, showed high catalase activity, which was regulated by oxidative stress at the gene transcription level. L. sakei ob4.1 maintained colon epithelial cell adhesion ability under ROS stimulation, and treatment with saturated fatty acid increased colon epithelial ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner; however, L. sakei ob4.1 did not change the level of fat-induced colon epithelial ROS. Exposing mice to a high-fat diet revealed that high-fat-diet-induced colon ROS was associated with the increased colonization of L. sakei ob4.1 through catalase activity. Four-week supplementation with this strain in mice fed a high-fat diet did not change their body weights or ROS levels. A high-fat diet induces changes in the colon environment by increasing ROS levels, which provides a colonization benefit to an L. sakei strain with high catalase activity. IMPORTANCELactobacillus provides many health benefits; its various species are widely used as probiotics. However, an increased abundance of Lactobacillus has been reported in obesity, and the role of Lactobacillus strains in obesity remains unknown. We found a high abundance of the Lactobacillus sakei species in a group of obese subjects and examined its relationship with a high-fat diet and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the feces. To find the underlying mechanism, we analyzed and characterized an L. sakei strain isolated from a severely obese individual. We found that higher gut oxidative stress could link high-fat-diet-induced obesity and L. sakei. This translational research identifies the roles of the host gut environment in the colonization and survival of L. sakei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Bae
- Chaum Life Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Mu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Stanbro J, Park JM, Bond M, Stockelman MG, Simons MP, Watters C. Topical Delivery of Lactobacillus Culture Supernatant Increases Survival and Wound Resolution in Traumatic Acinetobacter baumannii Infections. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:809-818. [PMID: 31741312 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Species of Lactobacillus have been proposed as potential candidates for treating wound infections due to their ability to lower pH, decrease inflammation, and release antimicrobial compounds. This study investigated the impact of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272) secreted products on wound pathogens in vitro and in a murine wound infection model. Evaluation of 1-5 day lactobacilli conditioned media (CM) revealed maximal inhibition against wound pathogens using the 5-day CM. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5-day Lactobacillus CMs was tested by diluting CM in Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth from 0 to 25% and was found to be 12.5% for A. baumannii. Concentrating the CM to 10× with a 3 kDa centrifuge filter decreased the CM MIC to 6.25-12.5% for A. baumannii planktonic cells. Minimal impact of 5-day CMs was observed against bacterial biofilms. No toxicity was observed when these Lactobacillus CMs were injected into Galleria melonella waxworms. For the murine A. baumannii wound infection studies, improved survival was observed following topical treatment with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 or L. reuteri ATCC 23272, while L. reuteri ATCC 23272 treatment alone improved wound resolution. Overall, this study suggests that the topical application of certain Lactobacillus species byproducts could be effective against gram-negative multi-drug resistant (MDR) wound pathogens, such as A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Stanbro
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Ju Me Park
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Matthew Bond
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Michael G Stockelman
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chase Watters
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
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14
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Suriano F, Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, Roumain M, Paquot A, Pelicaen R, Régnier M, Delzenne NM, Raes J, Muccioli GG, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:147. [PMID: 34183063 PMCID: PMC8240277 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice are commonly used mice models mimicking the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes development. However, although ob/ob and db/db mice are similarly gaining weight and developing massive obesity, db/db mice are more diabetic than ob/ob mice. It remains still unclear why targeting the same pathway-leptin signaling-leads to the development of two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with the host via different metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute to the regulation of bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbes could contribute to explain the specific phenotype discriminating the onset of an obese and/or a diabetic state in ob/ob and db/db mice. RESULTS Six-week-old ob/ob and db/db mice were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, and lean mass gain, confirming their severely obese status. However, as expected, the glucose metabolism and the glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly different between ob/ob and db/db mice. Strikingly, the fat distribution was different, with db/db mice having more subcutaneous and ob/ob mice having more epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis was more pronounced in the ob/ob mice than in db/db mice. We also found very distinct inflammatory profiles between ob/ob and db/db mice, with a more pronounced inflammatory tone in the liver for ob/ob mice as compared to a higher inflammatory tone in the (subcutaneous) adipose tissue for db/db mice. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that the quantity of 19 microbial taxa was in some way affected by the genotype. Furthermore, we also show that serum LPS concentration, hepatic bile acid content, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles were differently affected by the two genotypes. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of an obese or a diabetic state in two genetic models characterized by an altered leptin signaling. We propose that these differences could be linked to specific inflammatory tones, serum LPS concentration, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid profile, and gut microbiota composition. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwen Falony
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudy Pelicaen
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marion Régnier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Katz-Agranov N, Zandman-Goddard G. The microbiome links between aging and lupus. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102765. [PMID: 33476814 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many forms of immune dysregulation, which lead to inflammaging and senescence, have been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; lupus) and in the aging population. The discovery of the microbiome and its association with human health and pathology has led it to be the center of investigation as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of immunosenescence in both populations. Similar alterations to the microbiome in the form of dysbiosis, that are demonstrated in both aging and in lupus patients, may help explain the significant overlap in clinical manifestations seen in these groups. METHODS We performed an extensive literature review, utilizing the Pubmed search engine and Google Scholar for studies evaluating the microbiome in two groups, elderly populations and lupus patients (both murine and human models), between the years 2000-2019. We searched for the terms: microbiome, dysbiosis, lupus, elderly, aging and inflammaging, which yielded hundreds of articles, of which 114 were used for preparation of this paper. We compared the similarities between the populations. RESULTS We found that the similar processes of immune dysregulation, in both aging populations and lupus patients, extend to the microbiome, in the form of dysbiosis. Some of these similarities include loss of microbiota biodiversity, increased representation of microbes that are associated with inflammation and disease (i.e Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes), a relative decrease in protective microbes with "anti-inflammatory" properties (i.e Firmicutes) and a subsequent compromise to the intestinal barrier, leading to leakage of proinflammatory microbial components in both groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there are several similar alterations in the composition and function of the microbiome of lupus patients and aging individuals, leading to immunosenescence, which may also be a contributing mechanism in lupus. It seems in fact that the microbiome of SLE may actually be analogous to immunosenescence. This knowledge may help the continuous efforts in finding a solution for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Katz-Agranov
- Department of Medicine, Saint Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Zhao Y, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract. Food Funct 2021; 12:6740-6754. [PMID: 34105590 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research studies have shown that Lactobacillus fermentum generally exists in the human gut and has potential health benefits on host health due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, the lack of an effective culture medium for the isolation of L. fermentum has presented a significant obstacle on the path to screen L. fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract with a large diversity of commensal microbes. In this study, a total of 51 Lactobacillus species are detected in 200 human fecal samples and we aim to distinguish L. fermentum from these common existing Lactobacillus species and design a more efficient culture medium for isolating L. fermentum strains from the human gut. Based on antibiotic susceptibility and sugar utilization tests, a new optimized medium called LFMATA containing arabinose as the carbon source and 20 mg L-1 vancomycin, 64 mg L-1 gentamicin and 256 mg L-1 streptomycin was developed. Genotype and phenotype analysis for antibiotic resistance and carbohydrate metabolism showed that though glycometabolism-related genes (araA, xylA, manX, bglX, treP and rbsK) correlated with the carbon utilization of Lactobacillus, the genes conferring resistance to streptomycin (gidB and rpsL) and gentamicin (tlyA) were not directly associated with the antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus strains. This new selective medium greatly increased the efficiency of screening L. fermentum strains from human fecal samples, with the rate of L. fermentum isolation on LFMATA being 10-fold higher than that on LAMVAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
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17
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Salamon D, Gosiewski T, Krawczyk A, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Duplaga M, Fyderek K, Kowalska-Duplaga K. Quantitative changes in selected bacteria in the stool during the treatment of Crohn's disease. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:348-353. [PMID: 32590155 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine quantitative changes in selected species of bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Serratia marcescens) in the stool of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in the course of induction treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) or anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (Infliximab, IFX) vs. healthy controls (HC). MATERIALS/METHODS DNA was isolated from stool samples of CD (n = 122) and HC (n = 17), and quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was applied. In both treatment groups, the first stool sample was taken before the start of treatment, and the second 4 weeks after its end: in EEN (n = 48; age (mean; SD) 13.35 ± 3.09 years) and IFX groups (n = 13; age (mean; SD) 13.09 ± 3.76 years). RESULTS The only species that showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients before any therapeutic intervention was L. fermentum. Moreover, its number increased after completion of EEN and differed significantly when compared with the HC. In the IFX group the number of L. fermentum decreased during the therapy but was significantly higher than in the HC. The number of S. marcescens in the EEN group was significantly lower than in the controls both before and after EEN. CONCLUSION The implemented treatment (EEN or IFX) modifies the microbiome in CD patients, but does not make it become the same as in HC.
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18
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Jomehzadeh N, Javaherizadeh H, Amin M, Rashno M, Teimoori A. Quantification of Intestinal Lactobacillus Species in Children with Functional Constipation by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:141-150. [PMID: 32440191 PMCID: PMC7211309 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s250755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional constipation is a common and annoying gastrointestinal disorder among children worldwide in which the intestinal microbiota composition plays a fundamental role. This study aimed to compare the quantity of main intestinal Lactobacillus species in constipated children and healthy controls. Materials and Methods Fecal samples were collected from 40 children fulfilling Rome IV criteria for functional constipation and 40 healthy volunteers. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method with species-specific primers was used to investigate seven main Lactobacillus species in fecal samples. Results Lactobacillus strains of the patient group were different from the healthy controls, main differences being noticeable decrease in the population quantity of Lactobacillus reuteri (mean 102.61 CFU/gram feces) and lower abundance of Lactobacillus fermentum (p<0.0001). Conclusion Lactobacillus species might be quantitatively altered in childhood functional constipation. Our findings on the different species of Lactobacillus population showed significantly decreased quantity in the patient group compared with the healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Jomehzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Gu W, Wang Y, Zeng L, Dong J, Bi Q, Yang X, Che Y, He S, Yu J. Polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum improve glucose and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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20
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Relationship between hyperlipidemia and the gut microbiome of rats, characterized using high-throughput sequencing. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Littleford-Colquhoun BL, Weyrich LS, Kent N, Frere CH. City life alters the gut microbiome and stable isotope profiling of the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii). Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4592-4607. [PMID: 31495003 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity, due to the rapid and large-scale environmental alterations it imposes on the natural landscape. It is, therefore, imperative that we understand the consequences of and mechanisms by which, species can respond to it. In recent years, research has shown that plasticity of the gut microbiome may be an important mechanism by which animals can adapt to environmental change, yet empirical evidence of this in wild non-model species remains sparse. Using an empirical replicated study system, we show that city life alters the gut microbiome and stable isotope profiling of a wild native non-model species - the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii) in Queensland, Australia. City dragons exhibit a more diverse gut microbiome than their native habitat counterparts and show gut microbial signatures of a high fat and plant rich diet. Additionally, we also show that city dragons have elevated levels of the Nitrogen-15 isotope in their blood suggesting that a city diet, which incorporates novel anthropogenic food sources, may also be richer in protein. These results highlight the role that gut microbial plasticity plays in an animals' response to human-altered landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan L Littleford-Colquhoun
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Kent
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | - Celine H Frere
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
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22
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groEL Gene-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Lactobacillus Species by High-Throughput Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070530. [PMID: 31336987 PMCID: PMC6678851 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus is a fairly diverse genus of bacteria with more than 260 species and subspecies. Many profiling methods have been developed to carry out phylogenetic analysis of this complex and diverse genus, but limitations remain since there is still a lack of comprehensive and accurate analytical method to profile this genus at species level. To overcome these limitations, a Lactobacillus-specific primer set was developed targeting a hypervariable region in the groEL gene-a single-copy gene that has undergone rapid mutation and evolution. The results showed that this methodology could accurately perform taxonomic identification of Lactobacillus down to the species level. Its detection limit was as low as 104 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL for Lactobacillus species. The assessment of detection specificity using the Lactobacillus groEL profiling method found that Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostoc genus could be distinguished, but non-Lactobacillus Genus Complex could not be detected. The groEL gene sequencing and Miseq high-throughput approach were adopted to estimate the richness and diversity of Lactobacillus species in different ecosystems. The method was tested using kurut (fermented yak milk) samples and fecal samples of human, rat, and mouse. The results indicated that Lactobacillus mucosae was the predominant gut Lactobacillus species among Chinese, and L. johnsonii accounted for the majority of lactobacilli in rat and mouse gut. Meanwhile, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus had the highest relative abundance of Lactobacillus in kurut. Thus, this groEL gene profiling method is expected to promote the application of Lactobacillus for industrial production and therapeutic purpose.
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Torres PJ, Ho BS, Arroyo P, Sau L, Chen A, Kelley ST, Thackray VG. Exposure to a Healthy Gut Microbiome Protects Against Reproductive and Metabolic Dysregulation in a PCOS Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1193-1204. [PMID: 30924862 PMCID: PMC6482036 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting ∼10% to 15% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Diagnosis requires two of the following: hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation or anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. In addition to reproductive dysfunction, many women with PCOS display metabolic abnormalities associated with hyperandrogenism. Recent studies have reported that the gut microbiome is altered in women with PCOS and rodent models of the disorder. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiome plays a causal role in the development and pathology of PCOS. Given its potential role, we hypothesized that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome would protect against development of PCOS. A cohousing study was performed using a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model that recapitulates many reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS. Because mice are coprophagic, cohousing results in repeated, noninvasive inoculation of gut microbes in cohoused mice via the fecal-oral route. In contrast to letrozole-treated mice housed together, letrozole mice cohoused with placebo mice showed significant improvement in both reproductive and metabolic PCOS phenotypes. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we also observed that the overall composition of the gut microbiome and the relative abundance of Coprobacillus and Lactobacillus differed in letrozole-treated mice cohoused with placebo mice compared with letrozole mice housed together. These results suggest that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may play a causal role in PCOS and that modulation of the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Torres
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Bryan S Ho
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lillian Sau
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Annie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Scott T Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Varykina G Thackray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Varykina G. Thackray, PhD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pharmacological Effects of Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2682748. [PMID: 31118952 PMCID: PMC6500626 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2682748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine, such as ginseng, berberine, and curcumin, possess a wide variety of biological activities on gut microbiota, which may cause changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites, intestinal tight junction structure, and mucosal immunology. These changes will eventually result in the exertion of the pharmacological effects by treatment with these natural products. In this review, we will discuss how gut microbiota is influenced by commonly used natural products. Furthermore, our findings are expected to provide novel insight into how these untargeted natural products function via gut microbiota.
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Rahayu ES, Utami T, Mariyatun M, Hasan PN, Kamil RZ, Setyawan RH, Pamungkaningtyas FH, Harahap IA, Wiryohanjoyo DV, Pramesi PC, Cahyanto MN, Sujaya IN, Juffrie M. Gut microbiota profile in healthy Indonesians. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1478-1491. [PMID: 30948911 PMCID: PMC6441913 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i12.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases other than intestinal disease. Thus, there has been rapid growth in the study of gut microbiota. Considering the numerous factors influencing gut microbiota such as age, diet, etc., area-based research is required. Indonesia has numerous different tribes and each of these tribes have different lifestyles. Hence, it is expected that each tribe has a specific gut microbiota. A deeper insight into the composition of gut microbiota can be used to determine the condition of gut microbiota in Indonesians and to consider which treatment may be suitable and effective to improve health status.
AIM To investigate the gut microbiota of Indonesian subjects represented by Javanese and Balinese tribes by analyzing fecal samples.
METHODS Fecal samples were collected from a total of 80 individuals with 20 in each of the young groups ranging from 25-45 years and the elderly group aged 70 years or more from two different regions, Yogyakarta and Bali. Fecal sample collection was performed at the end of the assessment period (day 14 ± 1 d) during which time the subjects were not allowed to consume probiotic or antibiotic products. The quantification of various Clostridium subgroups, Lactobacillus subgroups, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides fragilis group and Prevotella, Bifidobacterium and Atopobium cluster, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas was performed using the Yakult intestinal flora-scan (YIF-SCAN).
RESULTS The bacterial population in younger subjects’ feces was higher than that in the elderly population, with a total of approximately 10.0 – 10.6 log10 bacterial cells/g feces. The most abundant bacteria in all groups were Clostridium, followed by Prevotella, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. In the elderly, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Coliform and Escherichia coli was found. In terms of bacterial counts in Yogyakarta, total bacteria, Clostridium coccoides (C. coccoides) group, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus plantarum subgroup, and Streptococcus were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in younger than elderly subjects, while the Lactobacillus gasseri subgroup, Lactobacillus casei subgroup, and Lactobacillus reuteri subgroup counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in younger subjects. In Balinese subjects, total bacteria, C. coccoides group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, and Prevotella were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in younger compared to elderly individuals, while the Lactobacillus ruminis subgroup, and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in younger subjects. The results also revealed that, besides the C. coccoides group and Clostridium leptum group being the most abundant gut microbiota in both Yogyakarta and Balinese people, the latter was indicated by a higher Clostridium perfringens count, which was almost 10 times that of Yogyakarta subjects. This may be a response to different lifestyles in the different tribes; however, this phenomenon requires further extensive study.
CONCLUSION Bacterial populations were higher in younger than in elderly subjects. Most abundant bacterial groups were Clostridium, Prevotella, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. The level of Clostridium perfringens in Yogyakarta subjects was lower than that in Balinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tyas Utami
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Mariyatun Mariyatun
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Pratama Nur Hasan
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rafli Zulfa Kamil
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ryan Haryo Setyawan
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Devin Varian Wiryohanjoyo
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Putrika Citta Pramesi
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
- Department of Food and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - I Nengah Sujaya
- Department of Public Health, Udayana University, Denpasar 80234, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Juffrie
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Torres PJ, Skarra DV, Ho BS, Sau L, Anvar AR, Kelley ST, Thackray VG. Letrozole treatment of adult female mice results in a similar reproductive phenotype but distinct changes in metabolism and the gut microbiome compared to pubertal mice. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:57. [PMID: 30871463 PMCID: PMC6419356 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have metabolic dysfunction that results in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We previously developed a pubertal mouse model using the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, which recapitulates many of the reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. To further our understanding of the effects of androgen excess, we compared the effects of letrozole treatment initiated in puberty versus adulthood on reproductive and metabolic phenotypes as well as on the gut microbiome. RESULTS Letrozole treatment of both pubertal and adult female mice resulted in reproductive hallmarks of PCOS, including hyperandrogenemia, anovulation and polycystic ovaries. However, unlike pubertal mice, treatment of adult female mice resulted in modest weight gain and abdominal adiposity, minimal elevation in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and no detectable insulin resistance. In addition, letrozole treatment of adult mice was associated with a distinct shift in gut microbial diversity compared to letrozole treatment of pubertal mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that dysregulation of metabolism and the gut microbiome in PCOS may be influenced by the timing of androgen exposure. In addition, the minimal weight gain and lack of insulin resistance in adult female mice after letrozole treatment indicates that this model may be useful for investigating the effects of hyperandrogenemia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the periphery without the influence of substantial metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Torres
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Danalea V. Skarra
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Bryan S. Ho
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Lillian Sau
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Arya R. Anvar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Scott T. Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Varykina G. Thackray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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González-Hernández LA, Ruiz-Briseño MDR, Sánchez-Reyes K, Alvarez-Zavala M, Vega-Magaña N, López-Iñiguez A, Díaz-Ramos JA, Martínez-Ayala P, Soria-Rodriguez RA, Ramos-Solano M, Andrade-Villanueva JF. Alterations in bacterial communities, SCFA and biomarkers in an elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative population in western Mexico. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 30845929 PMCID: PMC6407185 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of stool microbiota has taken great relevance in the last years, given its role in the maintenance of the intestinal metabolic, physiological, and immunological homeostasis, as well as, its effect over HIV biomarkers levels such as CD4/CD8 ratio, high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), related to poor outcomes (rapid progression to AIDS). Several efforts have been made to characterize the gut microbiome. In HIV infection, most of the studies report the presence of a dysbiotic pattern; however, few of them have made an approach in elderly HIV-positive subjects despite the fact that nowadays this subgroup is rising. In this study, we compared the composition of faecal microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), and systemic biomarkers between elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 18 HIV-negative controls and 20 HIV-positive patients. The quantification of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium coccoides was performed in faecal samples by qPCR. The analysis was performed by calculating the ΔCq of each microorganism using 16S rDNA as a reference gene. Faecal SCFAs were measured by HPLC. The hs-CRP and sCD14 were performed by ELISA. RESULTS An increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, coupled with a significant increase in the proteobacteria phylum was detected in HIV-positive subjects. In contrast, a decrease in the Clostridium leptum group was observed. Nevertheless, these elderly HIV-positive patients showed higher levels of total SCFAs mainly by an augmented propionic acid values, compared to HIV-negative subjects. Whereas high levels of hs-CRP were positively correlated with sCD14 in the HIV-positive group. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in bacterial communities reveals a dysbiotic state related to an unbalance of faecal SCFAs. Therefore, these intestinal conditions might drive an increase of poor prognostic biomarkers in elderly HIV-positive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A González-Hernández
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariana Del Rocio Ruiz-Briseño
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Molecular Biology in Medicine Ph. D. program, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karina Sánchez-Reyes
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Alvarez-Zavala
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Natali Vega-Magaña
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alvaro López-Iñiguez
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Julio A Díaz-Ramos
- Geriatric Department, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Martínez-Ayala
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - R A Soria-Rodriguez
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Moises Ramos-Solano
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Jaime F Andrade-Villanueva
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. .,HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Milard M, Laugerette F, Durand A, Buisson C, Meugnier E, Loizon E, Louche-Pelissier C, Sauvinet V, Garnier L, Viel S, Bertrand K, Joffre F, Cheillan D, Humbert L, Rainteau D, Plaisancié P, Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Michalski MC. Milk Polar Lipids in a High-Fat Diet Can Prevent Body Weight Gain: Modulated Abundance of Gut Bacteria in Relation with Fecal Loss of Specific Fatty Acids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801078. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Milard
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Annie Durand
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Charline Buisson
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM; INRA; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69600 Oullins France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM; INRA; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69600 Oullins France
| | - Corinne Louche-Pelissier
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Rhône-Alpes; Centre Européen Pour la Nutrition et la Santé; Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INSERM, Hospices Civils de Lyon F-69310 Pierre Bénite France
| | - Valérie Sauvinet
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Rhône-Alpes; Centre Européen Pour la Nutrition et la Santé; Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INSERM, Hospices Civils de Lyon F-69310 Pierre Bénite France
| | - Lorna Garnier
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud; Pierre-Bénite France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud; Pierre-Bénite France
| | | | | | - David Cheillan
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est; Centre de Biologie Est; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École normale supérieure; PSL Research University; CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny Paris 75005 France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École normale supérieure; PSL Research University; CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny Paris 75005 France
| | - Pascale Plaisancié
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Louvain Drug Research Institute; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Louvain Drug Research Institute; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group; Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon; CarMeN Laboratory; INSERM U1060; INRA U1397; INSA Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; 69621 Villeurbanne France
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29
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An R, Wilms E, Masclee AAM, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Jonkers D. Age-dependent changes in GI physiology and microbiota: time to reconsider? Gut 2018; 67:2213-2222. [PMID: 30194220 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our life expectancy is increasing, leading to a rise in the ageing population. Ageing is associated with a decline in physiological function and adaptive capacity. Altered GI physiology can affect the amount and types of nutrients digested and absorbed as well as impact the intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is considered a key player in our health, and a variety of studies have reported that microbiota composition is changing during ageing. Since ageing is associated with a decline in GI function and adaptive capacity, it is crucial to obtain insights into this decline and how this is related to the intestinal microbiota in the elderly. Hence, in this review we focus on age-related changes in GI physiology and function, changes of the intestinal microbiota with ageing and frailty, how these are associated and how intestinal microbiota-targeted interventions may counteract these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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Murai A, Kitahara K, Terada H, Ueno A, Ohmori Y, Kobayashi M, Horio F. Ingestion of paddy rice increases intestinal mucin secretion and goblet cell number and prevents dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal barrier defect in chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3577-3586. [PMID: 29850863 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paddy rice is a potential feed grain for chickens, whose strong gizzards can crush the hull. Here, we investigated whether paddy rice rich in hull-derived water-insoluble dietary fiber stimulates intestinal mucin secretion and production, as well as the possible involvement of paddy rice in intestinal barrier function. Layer male chicks at 7 d of age were divided into four groups according to the diet: corn, polished rice, brown rice, or paddy rice (650 g/kg diet), which they ate for 14 consecutive days. At 21 d of age, the birds were refed their experimental diets, and small intestinal mucin fractions were collected to determine intestinal mucin content. Small intestinal mucin secretion was induced most strongly in the paddy rice group (Experiment 1). The rank order of diet-induced mucin secretion was paddy rice > corn = brown rice > polished rice. Ileal MUC2 gene expression and ileal number of goblet cells were highest in the paddy rice group (Experiment 1). A study of bromodeoxy-U uptake into ileal epithelial cells indicated the increase in goblet cells in the paddy rice group was related to accelerate epithelial cell migration (Experiment 2). A single supplementation of isolated rice hulls without kernels increased MUC2 gene expression and goblet cell numbers (Experiment 3), suggesting the importance of the hull's bulk-forming capacity on mucin production. Finally, chicks fed corn or paddy rice were orally administered dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to disrupt intestinal barrier function. In the DSS-treated birds, the intestinal permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran in the everted gut sacs was much lower in the paddy rice group than in the corn group (Experiment 4), showing that paddy rice protects against mucosal disruption. In conclusion, ingestion of paddy rice increases intestinal mucin secretion and production through enhanced MUC2 gene expression and epithelial turnover and prevents DSS-induced intestinal barrier defects in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murai
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Kitahara
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Terada
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Ueno
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Ohmori
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - F Horio
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, xylooligosaccharides, and synbiotics reduce gut disturbance in obese rats. Nutrition 2018; 54:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Aizawa E, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Takahashi T, Teraishi T, Yoshida S, Koga N, Hattori K, Ota M, Kunugi H. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Counts in the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:730. [PMID: 30713509 PMCID: PMC6346636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains elusive, growing evidence suggests the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota on stress response and depressive symptoms. In the present study, we examined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus counts for association with bipolar disorder and serum cortisol levels. Methods: Bacterial counts in fecal samples were examined in 39 patients with bipolar disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. and 58 healthy controls using bacterial rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: No significant difference was found in either bacterial counts between the two groups. However, we found a significantly negative correlation between Lactobacillus counts and sleep (ρ = -0.45, P = 0.01). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between Bifidobacterium counts and cortisol levels (ρ = -0.39, P = 0.02) in the patients, although such a correlation was not found for Lactobacillus counts. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus counts may not play a major role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder in our sample. However, the observed negative correlation between Lactobacillus counts and sleep and that between Bifidobacterium counts and serum cortisol levels point to the possible roles of these bacteria in sleep and stress response of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Aizawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Life Science, Nagoya University of Economics, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Koga
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Kałużna-Czaplińska J, Gątarek P, Chartrand MS, Dadar M, Bjørklund G. Is there a relationship between intestinal microbiota, dietary compounds, and obesity? Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Trinchieri V, Laghi L, Vitali B, Parolin C, Giusti I, Capobianco D, Mastromarino P, De Simone C. Efficacy and Safety of a Multistrain Probiotic Formulation Depends from Manufacturing. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1474. [PMID: 29163538 PMCID: PMC5681494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variability in probiotics manufacturing may affect their properties, with potential implications for their efficacy and safety. This is of particular concern with probiotic products destined for use in patients with serious medical conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The purpose of the study was to carry out a series of experiments comparing the properties of the US-made probiotic formulation originally commercialized under the brand name VSL#3®, with those of the Italian-made formulation now commercialized under the same name. The US-made formulation has previously shown beneficial effects at the intestinal and neurological levels in HIV-infected subjects as well as in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and hepatic encephalopathy. Methods Eleven subjects receiving combined antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 were treated for 6 months with the US-made VSL#3 formulation. At baseline and 6 months, T-cells were analyzed for phenotype and activation markers, and fecal samples were analyzed for bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and their metabolites. The fecal metabolome was assessed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Production of metabolites of interest by bacteria obtained from sachets of the two formulations was compared in vitro and their effects on a rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) were assessed. Particular attention was paid to the metabolite 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Results At 6 months, fecal samples showed a significant increase in the specific bacterial genera contained in the probiotic supplement. Immune activation was reduced as shown by a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ T-cells at 6 months. Fecal concentrations of DHA decreased significantly. In vitro, significant differences in the production and metabolism of DHA were found between bacteria from the US-made and Italian-made formulations: the US-made formulation was able to metabolize DHA whereas the bacteria in the Italian-made formulation were producing DHA. DHA reduced the viability of Streptococcus thermophilus, reduced IEC-6 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and also led to a lower rate of repair to scratched IEC-6 cell monolayer. Conclusion Our data, in conjunction with previously published findings, confirm that the new Italian-made formulation of VSL#3® is different from the previous US-made VSL#3 and therefore its efficacy and safety in HIV-infected subjects is still unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Trinchieri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale S. Tommasi, Coppito, Italy
| | - Daniela Capobianco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Section of Microbiology, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
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Valle Gottlieb MG, Closs VE, Junges VM, Schwanke CHA. Impact of human aging and modern lifestyle on gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1557-1564. [PMID: 28085494 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1269054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human evolution and lifestyle changes caused by the agricultural and industrial revolutions have led to great advances in medicine and increased life expectancy, whilst also profoundly altering the ecological relationships and disease patterns of populations. Studies involving populations that still enjoy a rural way of life and with traits similar to the Paleolithic period reveal them to present a more robust, resistant and diverse gut microbiota, in comparison to highly industrialized civilizations. The human diet has expanded and broadened to include the consumption of high-calorie foods, particularly from animal sources such as game meat and eggs. For some time, authors have been alert to the fact that a modern lifestyle leads to reduced intake of beneficial bacteria, suggesting that nonpathogenic bacteria are being eradicated. Furthermore, therapeutic procedures, including the use of probiotics and prebiotics, have been proposed to lead to recovery of this microbiota, which is altered due to both the ageing process and lifestyle related aspects. Accordingly, this article aims to review the impact of human aging and modern lifestyle on gut microbiota, within an evolutionary, ecological, epidemiological and therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Valle Gottlieb
- a Biomedical Gerontology Graduate Program, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (IGG-PUCRS) , Porto Alegre - RS , Brazil
| | - Vera Elizabeth Closs
- a Biomedical Gerontology Graduate Program, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (IGG-PUCRS) , Porto Alegre - RS , Brazil
| | - Vilma Maria Junges
- a Biomedical Gerontology Graduate Program, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (IGG-PUCRS) , Porto Alegre - RS , Brazil
| | - Carla Helena Augustin Schwanke
- a Biomedical Gerontology Graduate Program, Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (IGG-PUCRS) , Porto Alegre - RS , Brazil
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Acharya A, Chan Y, Kheur S, Kheur M, Gopalakrishnan D, Watt RM, Mattheos N. Salivary microbiome of an urban Indian cohort and patterns linked to subclinical inflammation. Oral Dis 2017; 23:926-940. [PMID: 28383789 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To profile salivary microbiomes of an urban-living, healthy Indian cohort and explore associations with proinflammatory status. METHODS Fifty-one clinically healthy Indian subjects' salivary microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Community distribution was compared with salivary data from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). Indian subjects were clustered using microbiome-based "partitioning along medoids" (PAM), and relationships of interleukin-1 beta levels with community composition were analyzed. RESULTS Indian subjects presented higher phylogenetic diversity than HMP. Several taxa associated with traditional societies gut microbiomes (Bacteroidales, Paraprevotellaceae, and Spirochaetaceae) were raised. Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae were approximately fourfold greater. A PAM cluster enriched in several Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli taxa and having almost twofold higher Prevotella to Bacteroides ratio showed significant overrepresentation of subjects within the highest quartile of salivary interleukin-1 beta levels. Abiotrophia, Anaerobacillus, Micrococcus, Aggregatibacter, Halomonas, Propionivivrio, Paracoccus, Mannhemia, unclassified Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Caulobacteraceae were each significant indicators of presence in the highest interleukin-1 beta quartile. 2 OTUs representing Lactobacillus fermentum and Cardiobacterium hominis significantly correlated with interleukin-1 beta levels. CONCLUSION The salivary microbiome of this urban-dwelling Indian cohort differed significantly from that of a well-studied Western cohort. Specific community patterns were putatively associated with subclinical inflammation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acharya
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Y Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Kheur
- Dr. D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - M Kheur
- M.A Rangoonwalla Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | | | - R M Watt
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - N Mattheos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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37
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Metabolic role of lactobacilli in weight modification in humans and animals. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:182-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Yamashiro K, Tanaka R, Urabe T, Ueno Y, Yamashiro Y, Nomoto K, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Hattori N. Gut dysbiosis is associated with metabolism and systemic inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171521. [PMID: 28166278 PMCID: PMC5293236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of metabolic diseases in ischemic stroke has become a primary concern in both research and clinical practice. Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis is associated with metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the gut microbiota, as well as concentrations of organic acids, the major products of dietary fiber fermentation by the gut microbiota, are altered in patients with ischemic stroke, and to examine the association between these changes and host metabolism and inflammation. We analyzed the composition of the fecal gut microbiota and the concentrations of fecal organic acids in 41 ischemic stroke patients and 40 control subjects via 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis was subsequently performed to evaluate the relationships between ischemic stroke and bacterial counts and organic acid concentrations. Correlations between bioclinical markers and bacterial counts and organic acids concentrations were also evaluated. Although only the bacterial counts of Lactobacillus ruminis were significantly higher in stroke patients compared to controls, multivariable analysis showed that ischemic stroke was independently associated with increased bacterial counts of Atopobium cluster and Lactobacillus ruminis, and decreased numbers of Lactobacillus sakei subgroup, independent of age, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Changes in the prevalence of Lactobacillus ruminis were positively correlated with serum interleukin-6 levels. In addition, ischemic stroke was associated with decreased and increased concentrations of acetic acid and valeric acid, respectively. Meanwhile, changes in acetic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with the levels of glycated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas changes in valeric acid concentrations were positively correlated with the level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and with white blood cell counts. Together, our findings suggest that gut dysbiosis in patients with ischemic stroke is associated with host metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KY); (NH)
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KY); (NH)
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Li Z, Jin H, Oh SY, Ji GE. Anti-obese effects of two Lactobacilli and two Bifidobacteria on ICR mice fed on a high fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:222-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Östlund-Lagerström L, Kihlgren A, Repsilber D, Björkstén B, Brummer RJ, Schoultz I. Probiotic administration among free-living older adults: a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr J 2016; 15:80. [PMID: 27612653 PMCID: PMC5018181 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases of the digestive system have been found to contribute to a higher symptom burden in older adults. Thus, therapeutic strategies able to treat gastrointestinal discomfort might impact the overall health status and help older adults to increase their overall health status and optimal functionality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri on digestive health and wellbeing in older adults. METHODS The study enrolled general older adults (>65 years). After eligibility screening qualified subjects (n = 290) participated in a 2-arm study design, with each arm consisting of 12 weeks of intervention of either active or placebo product. Primary outcome measure was set to changes in gastrointestinal symptoms and secondary outcome measures were changes in level of wellbeing, anxiety and stress. Follow up was performed at 8 and 12 weeks. RESULTS No persistent significant effects were observed on the primary or secondary outcome parameters of the study. A modest effect was observed in the probiotic arm, were levels of stress decreased at week 8 and 12. Similarly, we found that subjects suffering from indigestion and abdominal pain, respectively, showed a significant decrease of anxiety at week 8 after probiotic treatment, but not at week 12. CONCLUSION The RCT failed to show any improvement in digestive health after daily intake of a probiotic supplement containing L. reuteri. Neither was any significant improvement in wellbeing, stress or anxiety observed. Even though the RCT had a negative outcome, the study highlights issues important to take into consideration when designing trials among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT01837940 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Östlund-Lagerström
- Nutrition and Physical Activity Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Nutrition Gut Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Annica Kihlgren
- Nutrition and Physical Activity Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- Nutrition Gut Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bengt Björkstén
- Nutrition and Physical Activity Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Nutrition Gut Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert J Brummer
- Nutrition and Physical Activity Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Nutrition Gut Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ida Schoultz
- Nutrition and Physical Activity Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Nutrition Gut Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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41
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Pan Y, Wang F, Sun DW, Li Q. Intestinal Lactobacillus community structure and its correlation with diet of Southern Chinese elderly subjects. J Microbiol 2016; 54:594-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Le Roy CI, Štšepetova J, Sepp E, Songisepp E, Claus SP, Mikelsaar M. New insights into the impact of Lactobacillus population on host-bacteria metabolic interplay. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30545-56. [PMID: 26437083 PMCID: PMC4741550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating the association between intestinal Lactobacillus sp. composition and their metabolic activity with the host metabolism in adult and elderly individuals. Faecal and plasma metabolites were measured and correlated to the Lactobacillus species distribution in healthy Estonian cohorts of adult (n = 16; < 48 y) and elderly (n = 33; > 65 y). Total cholesterol, LDL, C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin were statistically higher in elderly, while platelets, white blood cells and urinary creatinine were higher in adults. Aging was associated with the presence of L. paracasei and L. plantarum and the absence of L. salivarius and L. helveticus. High levels of intestinal Lactobacillus sp. were positively associated with increased concentrations of faecal short chain fatty acids, lactate and essential amino acids. In adults, high red blood cell distribution width was positively associated with presence of L. helveticus and absence of L. ruminis. L. helveticus was correlated to lactate and butyrate in faecal waters. This indicates a strong relationship between the composition of the gut Lactobacillus sp. and host metabolism. Our results confirm that aging is associated with modulations of blood biomarkers and intestinal Lactobacillus species composition. We identified specific Lactobacillus contributions to gut metabolic environment and related those to blood biomarkers. Such associations may prove useful to decipher the biological mechanisms underlying host-gut microbial metabolic interactions in an ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I Le Roy
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Epp Sepp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Epp Songisepp
- Bio-competence Center of Healthy Dairy Production LLC, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
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Gao K, Liu L, Dou X, Wang C, Liu J, Zhang W, Wang H. Doses Lactobacillus reuteri depend on adhesive ability to modulate the intestinal immune response and metabolism in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28332. [PMID: 27323686 PMCID: PMC4915000 DOI: 10.1038/srep28332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ617 and ZJ615, which have high and low adhesive abilities, respectively, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on immune responses and metabolism in mice stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Six C57BL/6 mice per group were orally inoculated with ZJ617, ZJ615 or LGG for one week (1 × 10(8) CFU/mouse) and i.p. injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) for 24 h. Compared with the LPS stimulation group, ZJ615, ZJ617 and LGG significantly decreased TNF-α levels in the sera of mice stimulated by LPS. ZJ615 and LGG significantly down-regulated mRNA levels of cytokines and Toll-like receptors, and suppressed activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling, while ZJ617 up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA levels in the ilea of mice stimulated by LPS. Correlation analysis confirmed that adhesive ability is relative with the immunomodulation in the ilea of mice. There were 24, 7 and 10 metabolites and 10, 9 and 8 major metabolic pathways with significant differences (VIP > 1, P < 0.05) between the LPS and ZJ617 + LPS groups, the LPS and ZJ615 + LPS groups, and the ZJ617 + LPS and ZJ615 + LPS groups, respectively. The results indicated that both ZJ617 and ZJ615 could modulate the intestinal immune responses and metabolism in LPS-stimulated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A &F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A &F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A &F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A &F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- College of Animal Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A &F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Mikelsaar M, Sepp E, Štšepetova J, Songisepp E, Mändar R. Biodiversity of Intestinal Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Healthy Population. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 932:1-64. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Brahe LK, Astrup A, Larsen LH. Can We Prevent Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases by Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota? Adv Nutr 2016; 7:90-101. [PMID: 26773017 PMCID: PMC4717895 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, which are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases are characterized by specific alterations in the human gut microbiota. Experimental studies with gut microbiota transplantations in mice and in humans indicate that a specific gut microbiota composition can be the cause and not just the consequence of the obese state and metabolic disease, which suggests a potential for gut microbiota modulation in prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In addition, dietary intervention studies have suggested that modulation of the gut microbiota can improve metabolic risk markers in humans, but a causal role of the gut microbiota in such studies has not yet been established. Here, we review and discuss the role of the gut microbiota in obesity-related metabolic diseases and the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota in metabolic disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K Brahe
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lesli H Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lim SM, Jeong JJ, Woo KH, Han MJ, Kim DH. Lactobacillus sakei OK67 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced blood glucose intolerance and obesity in mice by inhibiting gut microbiota lipopolysaccharide production and inducing colon tight junction protein expression. Nutr Res 2015; 36:337-348. [PMID: 27001279 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) induces obesity and the associated increases in blood glucose and inflammation through changes in gut microbiota, endotoxemia, and increased gut permeability. To counteract this, researchers have suggested that the use of probiotics that suppress production of proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we tested whether Lactobacillus sakei OK67, which inhibits gut microbiota LPS production selected from among the lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, exerted antihypoglycemic or anti-inflammatory effects in HFD-fed mice. Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed an HFD or a low-fat diet for 4 weeks. These groups were further subdivided; 1 subgroup was treated with L sakei OK67 and fed the experimental diet for 4.5 weeks, whereas the other subgroup was fed the experimental diet alone. L sakei OK67 treatment lowered HFD-elevated LPS levels in blood and colonic fluid and significantly decreased HFD-elevated fasting blood glucose levels and the area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test. L sakei OK67 treatment inhibited HFD-induced body and epididymal fat weight gains, suppressed HFD-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression and nuclear factor-κB activation in the colon, and significantly increased HFD-suppressed interleukin-10 and tight junction protein expression in the colon. Oral administration of L sakei OK67 significantly downregulated HFD-induced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α in adipose tissue. In addition, L sakei OK67 treatment strongly inhibited nuclear factor-κB activation in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. We report that L sakei OK67 ameliorates HFD-induced hyperglycemia and obesity by reducing inflammation and increasing the expression of colon tight junction proteins in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Mikelsaar M, Sepp E, Štšepetova J, Hütt P, Zilmer K, Kullisaar T, Zilmer M. Regulation of plasma lipid profile by lactobacillus fermentum (probiotic strain ME-3 DSM14241) in a randomised controlled trial of clinically healthy adults. BMC Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-015-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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48
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Murai A, Kitahara K, Okumura S, Kobayashi M, Horio F. Oral antibiotics enhance antibody responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin in orally but not muscularly immunized chickens. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:257-65. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Murai
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitahara
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Shouta Okumura
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Misato Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya University Nagoya Japan
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Bjerg AT, Kristensen M, Ritz C, Stark KD, Holst JJ, Leser TD, Wellejus A, Astrup A. Four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® shows modest effect on triacylglycerol in young healthy adults. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:29-39. [PMID: 25245572 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota has been shown to have the potential to affect appetite and blood lipids positively in animal studies. We investigated if four weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei L. casei W8® (L. casei W8) had an effect on subjective appetite sensation, ad libitum energy intake, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin response in humans. Secondarily, we explored potential effects on blood lipids, fatty acids and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) activity in humans as well as SCD1 expression in piglets given L. casei W8 for two weeks. 64 healthy participants completed the double-blinded, randomised, controlled, parallel four weeks study with supplementation of L. casei W8 (1010 cfu) or placebo capsules. A meal test was conducted before and after the intervention, where subjective appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response were measured. Additionally fasting blood lipids and fatty acids concentrations were measured. Sixteen piglets were randomised into two groups: L. casei W8 (1010 cfu/day) as top dressing on morning fed or no treatment. After two weeks piglets were sacrificed and tissue from ileum, jejunum and skeletal muscle were sampled for mRNA analyses of SCD1 expression. Compared to placebo, L. casei W8 did not affect appetite, ad libitum energy intake, GLP-1, glucose and insulin response and total, high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after four weeks intervention. Triacylglycerol decreased in the L. casei W8 group compared to placebo at week 4 (P=0.03). The C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio, reflecting SCD1 activity, tended to decrease when having L. casei W8 (P=0.06) compared to placebo. Muscle SCD1 expression decreased in piglets supplemented with L. casei W8 compared to control. In conclusion, supplementation with L. casei W8 did not affect appetite parameters, glucose or insulin responses; but appear to be able to lower triacylglycerol levels, possibly by reducing its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Bjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - C Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - K D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center of Basic Metabolism Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - T D Leser
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Abstract
The gut microbiota has been implicated in obesity and its progression towards metabolic
disease. Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to
improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of
interventions with Lactobacillus paracasei F19 or flaxseed mucilage on
the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in obesity. A total of fifty-eight obese
postmenopausal women were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of
6-week duration, with a daily intake of either L. paracasei F19
(9·4 × 1010 colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10 g) or placebo.
Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in
the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted
linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction
in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral glucose tolerance test
(P< 0·05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda
index (P< 0·05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at
baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in
abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P< 0·01), including
decreased relative abundance of eight Faecalibacterium species. These
changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin
sensitivity. The intake of L. paracasei F19 did not modulate metabolic
markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin
sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity
was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.
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