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Zeng F, Xu Y, Tang C, Yan Z, Wei C. Integrated bioinformatics and in silico approaches reveal the biological targets and molecular mechanisms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D against COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1060095. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two major diseases threatening human health. The susceptibility of DM patients to COVID-19 and their worse outcomes have forced us to explore efficient routes to combat COVID-19/DM. As the most active form of Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) has been shown a beneficial effect in the treatment of COVID-19/DM. However, the anti-COVID-19/DM mechanisms of 1,25(OH)2D remain unclear. In this study, an approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking was performed to reveal the potential hub target genes and underlying mechanisms of 1,25(OH)2D in the treatment of COVID-19/DM. The hub targets and interaction pathways related to 1,25(OH)2D were identified by integrating the key 1,25(OH)2D-target-signaling pathway-COVID-19/DM networks. Fifteen hub targets of 1,25(OH)2D against COVID-19DM were determined, including EGFR, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, STAT3, MAPK1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, LCK, MTOR, IGF1, AR, NFKB1, PIK3CB, PTPN1, and MAPK14. An enrichment analysis of the hub targets further revealed that the effect of 1,25(OH)2D against COVID-19/DM involved multiple biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions and biological signaling pathways. Molecular docking disclosed that 1,25(OH)2D docked nicely with the hub target proteins, including EGFR, PIK3R1, and PIK3CA. These findings suggested that the potential mechanisms of 1,25(OH)2D against COVID-19/DM may be related to multiple biological targets and biological signaling pathways.
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Mokhtari E, Hajhashemy Z, Saneei P. Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Hypertension and Pre-hypertension in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:829307. [PMID: 35360696 PMCID: PMC8961407 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.829307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Findings of observational studies that evaluated the association of serum vitamin D status and high blood pressure were contradictory. This meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies assessed the relation of serum vitamin D levels to hypertension (HTN) and pre-hypertension in adults. Methods We conducted a systematic search of all published articles up to March 2021, in four electronic databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (ISI), Embase and Scopus), and Google scholar. Seventy epidemiologic studies (10 prospective cohort, one nested case–control, and 59 cross-sectional investigations) that reported relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios, or prevalence ratios with 95% CIs for HTN or pre-hypertension in relation to serum vitamin D concentrations in adults were included in the analysis. Results In prospective studies, a 16% decrease in risk of hypertension was observed in participants with high levels of serum vitamin D compared to low levels (RR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73, 0.96; 12 effect sizes). Dose–response analysis in prospective studies revealed that each 25 nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D concentrations resulted in 5% reduced risk of HTN (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). Also, a significant nonlinear relationship between serum vitamin D levels and HTN was found (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). In cross-sectional investigations, highest vs. lowest level of serum vitamin D was related to reduced odds of HTN (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.79, 0.90; 66 effect sizes) and pre-hypertension (OR: 0.75; 0.95%CI: 0.68, 0.83; 9 effect sizes). Dose–response analysis in these studies showed that each 25 nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D levels was related to a significant 6% reduction in odds of hypertension in all populations (RR: 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90, 0.99) and 3% in studies with representative populations (RR: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99). Conclusion This meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies disclosed that serum vitamin D concentrations were inversely related to the risk of HTN in adults, in a dose–response manner in both prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies. Systematic Review Registration:http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero, identifier: CRD42021251513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mokhtari
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvane Saneei ;
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Zarei M, Javanbakht MH, Jafary H, Djalali M. Effects of vitamin D on serum levels and gene expression of enzymes aldose reductase, o-linked n-acetyl glucosamine transferase and glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1879131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Zarei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bellan M, Marzullo P. New Insights on Low Vitamin D Plasma Concentration as a Potential Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Open Rheumatol J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Vitamin D hormone in human health and disease is still debated. Recently, growing attention has been paid to its putative role in cardiovascular system homeostasis with several studies that suggested a correlation between low vitamin D levels and increased cardiovascular risk. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases: systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, arterial hypertension and insulin resistance. In the present paper, we have revised the current literature supporting a role for vitamin D in the development of these pathogenetic processes. Finally, we have evaluated the current evidence linking vitamin D to atherosclerosis and its natural consequence, cardiovascular diseases.
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Yeung S, Soliternik J, Mazzola N. Nutritional supplements for the prevention of diabetes mellitus and its complications. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Astrup A, Bügel S. Overfed but undernourished: recognizing nutritional inadequacies/deficiencies in patients with overweight or obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:219-232. [PMID: 29980762 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent throughout the world and can adversely affect the nutritional status of individuals. Studies have shown that many people with obesity have inadequate intake of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, folate and vitamins A and B12, likely as a result of poor diet quality. Nutritional inadequacies or deficiencies may also occur due to altered pharmacokinetics in the individual with obesity and due to interactions in those with overweight or obesity with various pharmaceuticals. However, it has been demonstrated that the adult population in the United States as a whole is deficient in certain micronutrients as a result of the availability and overconsumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient processed foods. Poor nutrition may contribute to the development of certain chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, which is already more prevalent in those with obesity. Clinicians need to be aware of these gaps, particularly in those individuals with obesity who are undergoing bariatric surgery or taking pharmaceutical products long term to facilitate weight loss. Patients with overweight or obesity likely struggle to achieve a balanced diet and may benefit from consultation with a dietitian. Along with providing recommendations for healthy eating and exercise, supplementation with specific micronutrients or multivitamins should be considered for individuals at the highest risk for or with established deficiencies. Further research is needed to understand the factors underlying nutritional inadequacies in individuals with overweight or obesity, as well as the outcomes of treatment strategies employed to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The associations of vitamin D status and dietary calcium with the metabolic syndrome: an analysis of the Victorian Health Monitor survey. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:1785-1796. [PMID: 27339376 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), dietary Ca intake and presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). DESIGN A stratified cluster sample of a population aged 18-75 years from the Victorian Health Monitor survey. SETTING Non-institutionalized adults living in private dwellings in Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS Adults (n 3404) with complete data and without type 1 or type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Adjusted for sociodemographic factors, physical characteristics and dietary covariates including Ca intake, every 10 nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with decreased odds of MetS (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0·85, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·89; P<0·001). Relative to the low 25(OH)D tertile (median 33 nmol/l), there was a progressive decrease in odds of MetS that reached significance with the high 25(OH)D tertile (median 77 nmol/l; AOR=0·35, 95 % CI 0·26, 0·48; P<0·001). Every 500 mg/d increase in Ca intake adjusted for 25(OH)D did not reduce odds of MetS (AOR=0·81, 95 % CI 0·66, 1·06; P=0·141) but approached significance if unadjusted for 25(OH)D in the final model (AOR=0·81, 95 % CI 0·64, 1·02; P=0·073). No significant effect was obtained for tertiles of Ca intake. However, Ca and vitamin D tertile combinations suggested a beneficial effect of high Ca (median 1233 mg/d) only at low and medium 25(OH)D. The high 25(OH)D tertile was associated with significantly decreased odds of MetS regardless of Ca intake. CONCLUSIONS A high vitamin D status significantly reduced the odds of MetS. A high Ca intake may have a similar favourable outcome but only at lower circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D.
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Liu L, Hu Z, Zhang H, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Li B. Vitamin D postpones the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene both in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2365-75. [PMID: 27143932 PMCID: PMC4846061 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the female reproductive system, and the prevention and treatment of ovarian carcinoma are still far from optimal. Epidemiological studies reported that ovarian cancer risk was inversely associated with low level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)]. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the chemoprevention of vitamin D on epithelial ovarian cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). Methods The mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells were isolated from estrus mice by mild trypsinization and maintained in completed culture medium by repeated passaging. The malignant transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells was induced by DMBA in vitro. DMBA was directly injected into the bursa of mouse ovary to produce optimized in vivo ovarian cancer model. Results The results indicate that 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 may delay malignant transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells induced by DMBA and significantly decreased the colony formation rate from 18.4% to 3.2% (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between incidence of DMBA-induced tumor and 25-hydroxy vitamin D level (R2=0.978, P<0.05). Vitamin D3 can delay the progression of ovarian cancer induced by DMBA, and the administration of vitamin D3 during the whole process worked more effectively than the administration only during tumor initiation or promotion. Moreover, we found the vitamin D3 increased the expression of E-cadherin and vitamin D receptor while it decreased the expression of β-catenin. Conclusion We succeeded in establishment of epithelial ovarian cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. The DMBA-implanted model in mice yields high incidence and specificity of epithelial derived tumors. We also found that vitamin D delays the progression of ovarian cancer. However, spontaneous epithelial ovarian carcinoma models are still to be explored for testing the preventive effects of vitamin D on epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Lishui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hemei Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China; School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ke L, Mason RS, Kariuki M, Mpofu E, Brock KE. Vitamin D status and hypertension: a review. Integr Blood Press Control 2015; 8:13-35. [PMID: 25897260 PMCID: PMC4396645 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s49958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid prohormone synthesized in the skin following ultraviolet exposure and also achieved through supplemental or dietary intake. While there is strong evidence for its role in maintaining bone and muscle health, there has been recent debate regarding the role of vitamin D deficiency in hypertension based on conflicting epidemiological evidence. Thus, we conducted a scoping systematic literature review and meta-analysis of all observational studies published up to early 2014 in order to map trends in the evidence of this association. Mixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool risk estimates from ten prospective studies (n=58,262) (pooled risk for incident hypertension, relative risk [RR] =0.76 (0.63–0.90) for top vs bottom category of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]) and from 19 cross-sectional studies (n=90,535) (odds ratio [OR] =0.79 (0.73–0.87)). Findings suggest that the better the assessed quality of the respective study design, the stronger the relationship between higher 25OHD levels and hypertension risk (RR =0.67 (0.51–0.88); OR =0.77 (0.72–0.89)). There was significant heterogeneity among the findings for both prospective and cross-sectional studies, but no evidence of publication bias was shown. There was no increased risk of hypertension when the participants were of older age or when they were vitamin D deficient. Younger females showed strong associations between high 25OHD levels and hypertension risk, especially in prospective studies (RR =0.36 (0.18–0.72); OR =0.62 (0.44–0.87)). Despite the accumulating evidence of a consistent link between vitamin D and blood pressure, these data are observational, so questions still remain in relation to the causality of this relationship. Further studies either combining existing raw data from available cohort studies or conducting further Mendelian analyses are needed to determine whether this represents a causal association. Large randomized controlled trials are also needed to determine whether vitamin supplementation may be beneficial in the prevention or the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maina Kariuki
- Biostatistical Officer Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaye E Brock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jennersjö P, Guldbrand H, Björne S, Länne T, Fredrikson M, Lindström T, Wijkman M, Östgren CJ, Nystrom FH. A prospective observational study of all-cause mortality in relation to serum 25-OH vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:53. [PMID: 26078787 PMCID: PMC4466811 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of vitamin D have been related to increased mortality and morbidity in several non-diabetic studies. We aimed to prospectively study relationships between serum 25-OH vitamin D3 (vitamin D) and of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) to total mortality in type 2 diabetes. We also aimed to compare the levels of these potential risk-factors in patients with and without diabetes. METHODS The main study design was prospective and observational. We used baseline data from 472 men and 245 women who participated in the "Cardiovascular Risk factors in Patients with Diabetes-a Prospective study in Primary care" study. Patients were 55-66 years old at recruitment, and an age-matched non-diabetic sample of 129 individuals constituted controls for the baseline data. Carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV) was measured with applanation-tonometry and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with ultrasound. Patients with diabetes were followed for all-cause mortality using the national Swedish Cause of Death Registry. RESULTS Levels of vitamin D were lower in patients with diabetes than in controls, also after correction for age and obesity, while PTH levels did not differ. Nine women and 24 men died during 6 years of median follow up of the final cohort (n = 698). Vitamin D levels were negatively related to all-cause mortality in men independently of age, PTH, HbA1c, waist circumference, 24-h systolic ambulatory-blood pressure (ABP) and serum-apoB (p = 0.049). This finding was also statistically significant when PWV and IMT were added to the analyses (p = 0.028) and was not affected statistically when medications were also included in the regression-analysis (p = 0.01). In the women with type 2 diabetes, levels of PTH were positively related with all-cause mortality in the corresponding calculations (p = 0.016 without PWV and IMT, p = 0.006 with PWV and IMT, p = 0.045 when also adding medications to the analysis), while levels of vitamin D was without statistical significance (p >0.9). CONCLUSIONS Serum vitamin D in men and serum PTH in women give prognostic information in terms of total-mortality that are independent of regular risk factors in addition to levels of ABP, IMT and PWV. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01049737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Jennersjö
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Guldbrand
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan Björne
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toste Länne
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- />Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lindström
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wijkman
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H. Nystrom
- />Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Hirani V, Cumming RG, Le Couteur DG, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Seibel MJ. Low levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D independently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:1741-7. [PMID: 25112415 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25OHD), with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in community-living men aged 70 and older. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING A population-based, cross-sectional analysis of the baseline phase of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP), a large epidemiological study conducted in Sydney between January 2005 and May 2007. PARTICIPANTS Community dwelling men aged 70 and older taking part in CHAMP (N = 1,659). MEASUREMENTS Serum 25OHD and 1,25OHD levels, presence of DM, age, country of birth, season of blood collection, sun exposure, body mass index, vitamin D supplement use, statin use, income, measures of health, depression, activity of daily living disabilities, parathyroid hormone, estimated glomerular filtration rate, phosphate, and calcium. RESULTS The prevalence of DM was 20.0%. There was a significant association between low 25OHD and 1,25OHD levels and DM that remained after adjustment for a wide range of confounders and covariates of clinical significance such as comorbidity, renal function, calciotropic hormones, and medications. CONCLUSION 25OHD and 1,25OHD levels were associated with DM. The independent association between serum 25OHD and 1,25OHD concentrations and DM raises the question of whether each of the two vitamin D metabolites may influence DM through different biological mechanisms and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Veronese N, Sergi G, De Rui M, Bolzetta F, Toffanello ED, Zambon S, Corti MC, Sartori L, Musacchio E, Baggio G, Crepaldi G, Perissinotto E, Manzato E. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and incidence of diabetes in elderly people: the PRO.V.A. study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2351-8. [PMID: 24731010 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increasing research has shown that low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25OHD) predict the onset of diabetes, but no research is available on this issue in elderly people. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine whether low serum levels of 25OHD are associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes over a lengthy follow-up in a representative group of elderly people. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a population-based cohort study as part of the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.) Study over a follow-up of 4.4 years in the general community. PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS included 2227 participants (1728 with follow-up visits and 499 died during the follow-up) over 65 years of age without diabetes at baseline, of 2352 initially included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was incident diabetes. RESULTS There were no baseline differences in known factors for the onset of diabetes (body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, renal function, and hemoglobin A1c levels) between the groups with different serum 25OHD levels (≤ 25, 25-50, 50-75, and ≥ 75 nmol/L). Over a 4.4-year follow-up, 291 individuals developed diabetes, with an incidence of 28 events per 1000 person-years. No significant difference in the incidence of diabetes emerged between the baseline 25OHD groups. Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, revealed no relationship between low vitamin D levels and incident diabetes during the follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-1.45, P = .77; HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.95-1.98, P = .12; and HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.87-2.16, P = .17 for those with 25OHD ≤25, 25-50, and 50-75 nmol/L, respectively). CONCLUSION Baseline serum concentrations of 25OHD were not associated with the incidence of diabetes in community-dwelling elderly people over a follow-up of 4.4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine (N.V., G.S., M.D.R., F.B., E.D.T., E.M.), Geriatrics Division; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (S.Z., E.M.); and Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences (E.P.), Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; National Research Council (S.Z., G.C., E.M.), Aging Branch, Institute of Neuroscience, 35128 Padova, Italy; Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria 16, 35127 Padova (M.-C.C.), Padova, Italy; and Internal Medicine Division (G.B.), Azienda Ospedaliera, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Cheng TYD, Millen AE, Wactawski-Wende J, Beresford SAA, LaCroix AZ, Zheng Y, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Neuhouser ML. Vitamin D intake determines vitamin d status of postmenopausal women, particularly those with limited sun exposure. J Nutr 2014; 144:681-9. [PMID: 24598886 PMCID: PMC3985825 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.183541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few detailed data are available on the wide range of determinants of vitamin D status among postmenopausal women, and it is also unclear whether there may be undiscovered determinants. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Data from a subset of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were analyzed (50-79 y; n = 3345). Information on diet, lifestyle behaviors, secondhand smoke, use of dietary supplements and medication, chronic diseases, and anthropometry was collected at baseline (1993-1998) and on sun exposure at year 4 follow-up. Linear regression was performed to estimate regression coefficients (β). Significant determinants were total vitamin D intake (food plus supplements per 100 IU/d, β = 2.08), years of supplemental vitamin D use (β = 0.15), total fat intake (grams per day, β = -0.03), smoking status (β = -2.64, current vs. never), regional solar irradiance (β = 6.26, 475-500 vs. 300-325 Langleys), daylight time spent outdoors in summer (β = 5.15, >2 h vs. <30 min/d), recreational physical activity (metabolic equivalent task per hour per week, β = 0.13), waist circumference (centimeters, β = -0.26), and race/ethnicity (β = -11.94, black vs. white). Total vitamin D intake (partial R(2) = 0.09) explained the most variance in serum 25(OH)D concentrations (total R(2) = 0.29). The association between total vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D concentrations was stronger among participants who spent less rather than more daylight time outdoors in summer (P-interaction = 0.026). History and medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes and secondhand smoke exposure were not associated with serum 25(OH)D. In conclusion, dietary factors and sun exposure remain important determinants of vitamin D status in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D intake should be emphasized for those with limited sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Departments of Epidemiology and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Amy E. Millen
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and
| | - Shirley A. A. Beresford
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Departments of Epidemiology and
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Departments of Epidemiology and
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gary E. Goodman
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark D. Thornquist
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Departments of Epidemiology and
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14
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Bellan M, Guzzaloni G, Rinaldi M, Merlotti E, Ferrari C, Tagliaferri A, Pirisi M, Aimaretti G, Scacchi M, Marzullo P. Altered glucose metabolism rather than naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to vitamin D status in severe obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:57. [PMID: 24618074 PMCID: PMC3995712 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The last decades have provided insights into vitamin D physiology linked to glucose homeostasis. Uncertainties remain in obesity due to its intrinsic effects on vitamin D and glucose tolerance. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between vitamin D and glucose abnormalities in severely obese individuals previously unknown to suffer from abnormal glucose metabolism. SETTING Tertiary care centre. PATIENTS 524 obese patients (50.3 ± 14.9 yrs; BMI, 47.7 ± 7.3 kg/m2) screened by OGTT, HbA1c and the lipid profile. Vitamin D status was assessed by 25(OH)D3, PTH and electrolyte levels. 25(OH)D3 deficiency/insufficiency were set at 20 and 30 ng/ml, respectively. All comparative and regression analyses were controlled for age, BMI and gender. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism were 95% and 50.8%, respectively. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were found in 37.8%, 40.5% and 21.7% of cases, respectively. Large variations in metabolic parameters were seen across categories of vitamin D status, but the only significant differences were found for C-peptide, tryglicerides, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels (p < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was documented to be slightly but significantly more frequent in glucose-intolerant patients (IFG + IGT + T2DM) compared to the -normotolerant counterpart (87% vs. 80%, p < 0.05). In partial correlation analyses, there was no association between vitamin D levels and glucose-related markers but for HbA1c (r = -0.091, p < 0.05), and both basal and OGTT-stimulated insulin levels (r = 0.097 and r = 0.099; p < 0.05 for all). Vitamin D levels were also correlated to HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.13, p = 0.002). Multivariate regression analysis inclusive of vitamin D, age, BMI, gender and fat mass as independent variables, showed that vitamin D was capable of predicting HbA1c levels (β = -0.101, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given the inherent effect of obesity on vitamin D and glucose homeostasis, current data suggest a potential independent role for vitamin D in the regulation of glucose metabolism in a setting of obese patients previously unknown to harbour glucose metabolism abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Marzullo
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S, Giuseppe, I,R,C,C,S, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy.
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15
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Vujosevic S, Borozan S, Radojevic N, Aligrudic S, Bozovic D. Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Med Princ Pract 2014; 23:229-33. [PMID: 24662713 PMCID: PMC5586874 DOI: 10.1159/000360540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine a correlation between the level of 25-hydroxivitamin D (25-OHD) and the incidence of diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, 97 (out of an initial 100) Caucasian women with osteoporosis (OS) were monitored for 2 years for the incidence of diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish an association with and prognostic value of vitamin D for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the development of diabetes. The serum level of 25-OHD was measured using immunochemiluminescence in March and April 2011. RESULTS Of the 97 patients (mean age 51.64 ± 5.86 years, range 36.0-73.0), 21 (21.65%) were diagnosed with diabetes during the observational period. The study showed that the 22 patients with low levels of vitamin D were more susceptible to diabetes (odds ratio = 0.958). The cut-off value of vitamin D using a receiver operating characteristic curve was 62.36 nmol/l with a sensitivity of 39.5% and a specificity of 90.5%. With an increase in BMI and triglyceride levels, women were, respectively, 1,591 and 2,821 times more likely to get diabetes than those without an increase. CONCLUSION This study showed that the patients with postmenopausal OS and hypovitaminosis D, besides a high BMI, elevated triglyceride levels and insulin resistance, had an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nemanja Radojevic
- *Nemanja Radojevic, MD, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Ljubljanska 1, ME–20000 Podgorica (Montenegro), E-Mail
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16
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The effect of body mass index on optimal vitamin D status in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2006. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:409-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Aksu NM, Aksoy DY, Akkaş M, Yilmaz H, Akman C, Yildiz BO, Ozmen MM, Usman A. 25-OH-Vitamin D and procalcitonin levels after correction of acute hyperglycemia. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:264-8. [PMID: 23580106 PMCID: PMC3659112 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is a common complication of diabetes melitis (DM) and in the absence of metabolic decompensation is a common finding in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to evaluate the 25 OH Vit D [25(OH)D] and procalcitonin (PCT) levels during hyperglycemia and after normalization of blood glucose. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 88 patients over the age of 18 years who presented with acute hyperglycemia at the Hacettepe University Department of Emergency Medicine. Euglycemia was obtained within 6-12 hours and serum samples were taken from patients on admission and 6 hours after normalization of blood glucose. Along with plasma glucose, plasma 25(OH)D and PCT levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS There were 88 (45 males) patients, with a median age of 60.0±13.9 years. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased in all patients after normalization of blood glucose, and serum PCT levels decreased in the whole group. This decrease was independent of type of diabetes or presence of infection. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an increase in 25(OH)D after normalization of blood glucose, and a decrease in PCT in patients with hyperglycemia. This effect was independent of the type of diabetes and presence of infection. Further studies are needed to evaluate the faster link between metabolic abnormalities, vitamin D, PCT, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Metin Aksu
- Hacettepe University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Ahmad S, Chowdhury TA, Boucher BJ. Diabetes and cancer: Could vitamin D provide the link? J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:184-90. [PMID: 23164631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are common diseases that may co-exist in the same individual. There is significant evidence that patients with diabetes have increased risk of developing certain cancers, especially colorectal, pancreatic and primary hepatic cancer. There is also good evidence that low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk of diabetes and increased risk of colorectal, and possibly other, cancers. In this article we propose that low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of cancer in people with diabetes and describe potential molecular pathways. We suggest that large scale randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation in patients at risk of diabetes, and in patients with established diabetes to examine the effect on cancer risk, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ahmad
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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19
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Girgis CM, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Hamrick MW, Holick MF, Gunton JE. The roles of vitamin D in skeletal muscle: form, function, and metabolism. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:33-83. [PMID: 23169676 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its established role in bone and mineral homeostasis, there is emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts a range of effects in skeletal muscle. Reports of profound muscle weakness and changes in the muscle morphology of adults with vitamin D deficiency have long been described. These reports have been supplemented by numerous trials assessing the impact of vitamin D on muscle strength and mass and falls in predominantly elderly and deficient populations. At a basic level, animal models have confirmed that vitamin D deficiency and congenital aberrations in the vitamin D endocrine system may result in muscle weakness. To explain these effects, some molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D impacts on muscle cell differentiation, intracellular calcium handling, and genomic activity have been elucidated. There are also suggestions that vitamin D alters muscle metabolism, specifically its sensitivity to insulin, which is a pertinent feature in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We will review the range of human clinical, animal, and cell studies that address the impact of vitamin D in skeletal muscle, and discuss the controversial issues. This is a vibrant field of research and one that continues to extend the frontiers of knowledge of vitamin D's broad functional repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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20
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Eichholzer M, Platz EA, Bienstock JL, Monsegue D, Akereyeni F, Hollis BW, Horst R, Rifai N, Pollak MN, Barbir A, Agurs-Collins T, Rohrmann S. Racial variation in vitamin D cord blood concentration in white and black male neonates. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:91-8. [PMID: 23139102 PMCID: PMC3529856 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate racial variation in umbilical cord blood concentration of vitamin D and to explore its correlation with markers of the insulin-like growth factor axis (IGFs) and sex steroid hormones in white and black male neonates. METHODS In 2004-2005, venous umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 75 black and 38 white male neonates, along with maternal and birth characteristics from two hospitals in Maryland, United States. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] were measured by radioimmunoassay and testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassay and IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF-binding protein-3 by ELISA. Crude and multivariable-adjusted geometric mean concentrations were computed. RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D levels were lower in black than in white neonates (11.44; 95 % CI 10.10-12.95 ng/mL vs. 18.24; 95 % CI 15.32-21.72 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Black neonates were at higher risk of suboptimal vitamin D levels [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] than whites (84 vs. 63 %). 25(OH)D concentrations varied by season in whites but not in blacks and were significantly inversely correlated with mother's parity (number of live births) in blacks but not in whites. Mean concentration of 1,25(OH)(2)D did not differ by race. 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)(2)D did not correlate with IGFs, sex steroid hormones, and SHBG. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal vitamin D levels were prevalent especially in blacks and influenced by mother's parity and by season. The observed vitamin D differences between black and white neonates warrant further evaluation of the etiology of the disparity in chronic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Eichholzer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Abstract
Review of the evidence on hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and its sequelae, T2DM and CVD, suggests long-term vitamin D repletion could reduce these risks. There is mechanistic evidence for protective effects for MetS and the balance of evidence, (cross-sectional and prospective), supports this postulate. Much of the data so far available from randomized controlled trials is weakened by inadequate power, low vitamin D dosages, starting supplementation too late in life or after MetS disorders have developed or, most importantly, by non-inclusion of many recognizable confounders. On balance, therefore, maintenance of US 2010 recommended intakes for bone protection has the potential to prove protective for MetS. Supplementation has been shown to increase survival in patients with cardiac disorders; whether higher doses would provide useful protection for apparently healthy people in the general population awaits the outcomes of ongoing randomized-controlled trials that, it is hoped, will prove or disprove causality for hypovitaminosis D in MetS and its long-term ill-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Boucher
- Queen Mary University of London; Centre for Diabetes; Bart’s & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; London, UK
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22
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Vaidya A, Williams JS. The relationship between vitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes. Metabolism 2012; 61:450-8. [PMID: 22075270 PMCID: PMC3290690 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been implicated in the pathophysiology of extraskeletal conditions such as hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes via its ability to negatively regulate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This article reviews the evidence supporting a link between vitamin D and the RAS in these conditions, with specific emphasis on translational observations and their limitations. A literature review of animal and human studies evaluating the role of vitamin D in hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes was performed. Excess activity of the RAS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, decreased insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. Animal studies provide strong support for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-mediated downregulation of renin expression and RAS activity via its interaction with the vitamin D receptor. Furthermore, the activity of vitamin D metabolites in animals is associated with reductions in blood pressure, proteinuria and renal injury, and with improved β-cell function. Many observational, and a few interventional, studies in humans have supported these findings; however, there is a lack of well-designed prospective human interventional studies to definitively assess clinical outcomes. There is a need for more well-designed prospective interventional studies to validate this hypothesis in human clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Vaidya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Via M. The malnutrition of obesity: micronutrient deficiencies that promote diabetes. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:103472. [PMID: 22462011 PMCID: PMC3313629 DOI: 10.5402/2012/103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Despite excessive dietary consumption, obese individuals have high rates of micronutrient deficiencies. Deficiencies of specific vitamins and minerals that play important roles in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways may contribute to the development of diabetes in the obese population. This paper reviews the current evidence supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Via
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 55 East 34th St, USA
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Focus on vitamin D, inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients 2012; 4:52-67. [PMID: 22347618 PMCID: PMC3277101 DOI: 10.3390/nu4010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial observations linking vitamin D to type 2 diabetes in humans came from studies showing that both healthy and diabetic subjects had a seasonal variation of glycemic control. Currently, there is evidence supporting that vitamin D status is important to regulate some pathways related to type 2 diabetes development. Since the activation of inflammatory pathways interferes with normal metabolism and disrupts proper insulin signaling, it is hypothesized that vitamin D could influence glucose homeostasis by modulating inflammatory response. Human studies investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers of subjects with or at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes are scarce and have generated conflicting results. Based on available clinical and epidemiological data, the positive effects of vitamin D seem to be primarily related to its action on insulin secretion and sensitivity and secondary to its action on inflammation. Future studies specifically designed to investigate the role of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes using inflammation as the main outcome are urgently needed in order to provide a more robust link between vitamin D, inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
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EMAS position statement: Vitamin D and postmenopausal health. Maturitas 2012; 71:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wolden-Kirk H, Overbergh L, Christesen HT, Brusgaard K, Mathieu C. Vitamin D and diabetes: its importance for beta cell and immune function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 347:106-20. [PMID: 21889571 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that vitamin D may play a role in the defense against type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epidemiological data have established a link between vitamin D deficiency and an increased incidence of both T1D and T2D, whereas early and long-term vitamin D supplementation may decrease the risk of these disorders. The protective effects of vitamin D are mediated through the regulation of several components such as the immune system and calcium homeostasis. However, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that vitamin D also affects beta cells directly thereby rendering them more resistant to the types of cellular stress encountered during T1D and T2D. This review evaluates the role of vitamin D signaling in the pathogenesis of T1D and T2D with a special emphasis on the direct effects of vitamin D on pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Wolden-Kirk
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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