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Ahmed EM, Attia AI, Ibrahem ZA, Alshehry G, Algarni EH, Aldekhail NM, Abd El-Hack ME. The impacts of dietary inclusion of soybean oil and linseed oil on growth performance, carcass yield, and health status of growing Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103746. [PMID: 38678974 PMCID: PMC11067337 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, are essential for enhancing the performance and health of poultry. Avian species lack desaturase enzymes for endogenous synthesis of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. This work aimed to determine the impacts of including soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO) in quail diets on growth, lipid profile, hepatic and renal functions, immunity, and antioxidant status. A total of 350 Japanese quail chicks (1-wk-old) were randomly arranged into 7 dietary treatment groups. Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental basal diets were formed based on the nutritional requirements of growing Japanese quail. Group 1, the control, received a basal with no oils, while groups 2 to 7 received a basal diet containing either 1% SO, 1.5% SO, 2% SO, 1% LO, 1.5% LO, or 2% LO, respectively. Quail groups that consumed diets containing LO at all levels showed significantly greater live body weight (LBW) at 5th wk of age than other experimental groups. The dietary incorporation of 1.5 or 2% SO or LO at all levels yielded significant improvements in body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) through 3 to 5 and 1 to 5 wk of age. Different dietary oil sources and levels have no significant impacts on feed intake (FI) and carcass yield parameters. Lipid profile parameters were improved by adding SO and LO in quail diets, with LO having a higher effect than SO. The hepatic and renal functionality were improved by adding SO and LO in quail diets. The lowest uric acid (UA) bloodstream concentrations were recorded in the quail group fed a diet with 2% LO. Values of Gamma globulins (G-GLO) and immunoglobulins (G, M, and A) were increased by adding SO or LO to quail diets. Blood levels of MDA and TAC were improved significantly by including LO in quail diets. The activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was significantly increased by adding SO or LO to quail diets. Generally, adding SO or LO to growing quail diets up to 2% could yield favorable effects on growth performance, blood lipids, hepatic and renal functions, immunity, and antioxidant status; however, LO seems to have better effects than SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ahmed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Adel I Attia
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Zenat A Ibrahem
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman H Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Aldekhail
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nursing and Medical Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Li H, Chen C, Liu S, Shi Y, Kuang X, Song X, Li D, Li K. Differential Effects of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Placental and Embryonic Growth and Development in Diabetic Pregnant Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1182. [PMID: 38674874 PMCID: PMC11054179 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the differential effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on placental and embryonic development. Pregnant mice were assigned to five groups: healthy control (HC), diabetes mellitus control (DMC), diabetes + low-dose n-3 PUFA (Ln-3), diabetes + high-dose n-3 PUFA (Hn-3), and diabetes + n-6 PUFA (n-6). On E12.5d, the Hn-3 group, but not the n-6 group, had a higher placenta weight. The weight ratio of embryo to placenta in the n-6 group was significantly lower than in the Hn-3 group but higher than in the DMC group. The Hn-3 group had significantly higher protein levels of VEGF, IGF-1, and IGFBP3, while the n-6 group had lower VEGF than the DMC group. Compared with the DMC group, embryonic Cer-16:0 was significantly higher in the Hn-3 group, while embryonic PC (36:6), PC (38:7), and PE (40:7) were significantly lower in the n-6 group. The embryo and placenta weights were positively correlated with placental VEGF, IGFBP3, and embryonic Cer-16:0, and they were negatively correlated with embryonic PC (36:6) and PE (40:7). The weight ratio of embryo to placenta was negatively correlated with embryonic PC (36:6). In addition, embryonic Cer-16:0 was positively correlated with placental VEGF and IGFBP3. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA improved placental and embryonic growth through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Chuanjing Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (Y.S.); (X.K.); (X.S.); (D.L.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang F, Wei W, Wang Q, Bao Y, Yu K. Association of dietary fat intake with skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength in adults aged 20-59: NHANES 2011-2014. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1325821. [PMID: 38299186 PMCID: PMC10827989 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1325821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, needs to initially prevent in the twenties. Meanwhile, there is a lack of research on the effects of fat consumption on skeletal muscle mass and strength in adults aged 20-59. We aimed to assess associations between dietary fat intake and skeletal muscle mass, as measured by appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (ALMBMI), and muscle strength, as represented by handgrip strength adjusted for body mass index (GSMAXBMI), among adults aged 20-59. Methods Dietary fat intake per kilogram of actual body weight was assessed using two 24h recalls, while ALM and GSMAX were measured using DXA and a handgrip dynamometer, respectively. A weighted multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the association between dietary fat intake and skeletal muscle mass, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 2011 to 2014. To assess the non-linear relationship and saturation value between dietary fat intake and skeletal muscle mass, a smooth curve fitting approach and a saturation effect analysis model were utilized. Results The study comprised a total of 5356 subjects. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a positive association observed between dietary fat intake and ALMBMI as well as GSMAXBMI. The relationship between dietary fat intake and ALMBMI showed an inverted U-shaped curve, as did the association with GSMAXBMI. Turning points were observed at 1.88 g/kg/d for total fat intake and ALMBMI, as well as at 1.64 g/kg/d for total fat intake and GSMAXBMI. Furthermore, turning points were still evident when stratifying by gender, age, protein intake, and physical activity. The turning points were lower in individuals with low protein intake(<0.8 g/kg/d) and high levels of physical activity. Conclusion The moderate dietary fat intake can be beneficial for muscle mass and strength in adults aged 20-59 under specific conditions. Special attention should be directed toward the consumption of fats in individuals with low protein intake and those engaged in high levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Al-Yahyaey F, Al-Marzooqi W, Shaat I, Smith MA, Al-Sabahi J, Melak S, Bush RD. Effect of Spirulina platensis Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Omani Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2976. [PMID: 37760376 PMCID: PMC10525089 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a 70-day study, 36 Jabbali and Sahrawi bucks, aged 11 months, were utilized to evaluate the effects of different levels of spirulina dietary supplement (SP) on carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile, and meat quality traits in Omani goat breeds. The goats were put into six groups of six bucks, each at random. The diet consisted of a conventional concentrate feed ration (CFR) without spirulina (CON), and the CFR diet supplemented with spirulina at the levels of 2 g/head daily (T1) and 4 g/head daily (T2). In general, Sahrawi bucks showed a highly significant response to SP feeding compared with Jabbali bucks. The treatment groups, especially T1, showed a significant increase in average daily gain and carcass traits (body length, leg length, and the rack weight) compared with the CON group of Sahrawi bucks. The weights of omental and kidney fat were also significantly higher in T1 compared with CON and T2 groups of Sahrawi goats, while they were significantly higher in T2 compared with CON and T1 groups of Jabbali goats. Carcass profile and meat quality, including ultimate ph and meat color lightness (L*) were increased significantly with dietary spirulina in both LD and SM muscles of Sahrawi goats. Most of the Sfa, Mufa, Pufa, Pufa n-6, Pufa n-3, and n-6/n-3 ratios of the LD showed significant differences in diets supplemented with SP compared with CON for Sahrawi bucks, while some of them were significant in Jabbali bucks. The LD muscle of Sahrawi goats fed diets supplemented with SP of the T1 group significantly decreased in the amounts of pentadecanoic and margaric acids compared with the T2 and CON groups. The study concluded that incorporating SP (2 g and 4 g/head daily) into the diet of Omani goats, especially Sahrawi goats, can increase growth performance, as well as improve fatty acid composition and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Al-Yahyaey
- Animal Nutrition Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture Wealth, Fisheries and Water Resources, Rumais, P.O. Box 467, Muscat 100, Oman
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Ihab Shaat
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Al Koudh, P.O. Box 92, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Melanie A. Smith
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Jamal Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Sherif Melak
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Russell D. Bush
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
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Kim YA, Lee SH, Koh JM, Kwon SH, Lee Y, Cho HJ, Kim H, Kim SJ, Lee JH, Yoo HJ, Seo JH. Fatty acid amides as potential circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37127296 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function with age. Given that sarcopenia is associated with various metabolic disorders, effective metabolic biomarkers for its early detection are required. We aimed to investigate the metabolic biomarkers related to sarcopenia in elderly men and perform experimental studies using metabolomics. METHODS Plasma metabolites from 142 elderly men, comprising a sarcopenia group and an age-matched control group, were measured using global metabolome profiling. Muscle and plasma samples from an aging mouse model of sarcopenia, as well as cell media and cell lysates during myoblast differentiation, were analysed based on targeted metabolome profiling. Based on these experimental results, fatty acid amides were quantified from human plasma as well as human muscle tissues. The association of fatty acid amide levels with sarcopenia parameters was evaluated. RESULTS Global metabolome profiling showed that fatty acid amide levels were significantly different in the plasma of elderly men with sarcopenia (all Ps < 0.01). Consistent with these results in human plasma, targeted metabolome profiling in an aging mouse model of sarcopenia showed decreased levels of fatty acid amides in plasma but not in muscle tissue. In addition, the levels of fatty acid amides increased in cell lysates during muscle cell differentiation. Targeted metabolome profiling in men showed decreased docosahexaenoic acid ethanolamide (DHA EA) levels in the plasma (P = 0.016) but not in the muscle of men with sarcopenia. DHA EA level was positively correlated with sarcopenia parameters such as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL for sarcopenia was 0.618 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.532-0.698). DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.03-4.30), independent of HGS. The addition of DHA EA level to age and HGS significantly improved the AUC from 0.620 to 0.691 (P = 0.0497). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that fatty acid amides are potential circulating biomarkers in elderly men with sarcopenia. DHA EA, in particular, strongly related to muscle mass and strength, can be a key metabolite to become a reliable metabolic biomarker for sarcopenia. Further research on fatty acid amides will provide insights into the metabolomic changes relevant to sarcopenia from an aging perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye An Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kwon
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Jin Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Kalia S, Magnuson AD, Sun T, Liu G, Kim WK, Johnson Z, Lei XG. Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 36922887 PMCID: PMC10018906 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and calcidiol could be enriched in chicken for improving public nutrition and health. It remains unclear if supranutritional levels of DHA and calcidiol impair growth performance or metabolism of broiler chickens. This study was to determine singular and combined effects of high levels of supplemental DHA-rich microalgal biomass or oil and calcidiol on growth performance, concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and nonesterfied fatty acids in plasma, liver, breast, and thigh, and biophysical properties of tibia. METHODS In Exp. 1, 144 day-old Cornish chicks were divided into 4 groups (6 cages/treatment, 6 birds/cage), and were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD), BD + 10,000 IU calcidiol/kg (BD + Cal), BD + 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg; BD + DHA), and BD + Cal + DHA for 6 weeks. In Exp. 2, 180 day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups, and were fed: BD, BD + DHA (0.33% to 0.66% oil, 1.5 to 3.0 g DHA/kg), BD + DHA + EPA (1.9% to 3.8% eicosapentaenoic acid-rich Nannochloropsis sp. CO18, 0.3 to 0.6 g EPA/kg), BD + DHA + calcidiol (6000 to 12,000 IU/kg diet), and BD + DHA + EPA + Cal for 6 weeks. RESULTS Birds fed BD + Cal diet in Exp. 1 and BD + DHA + EPA diet in Exp. 2 had higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (10%-11%) and gain:feed ratio (7%), and lower (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma (18%-54%), liver (8%-26%), breast (19%-26%), and thigh (10%-19%), respectively, over the controls. The two diets also improved (P < 0.05) tibial breaking strength (8%-24%), total bone volume (2%-13%), and (or) bone mineral density (3%-19%) of chickens. CONCLUSION Supranutrition of dietary calcidiol and DHA alone or together did not produce adverse effects, but led to moderate improvements of growth performance, lipid profiles of plasma and muscle, and bone properties of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kalia
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, 252 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Andrew D Magnuson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, 252 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, 252 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zackary Johnson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, 252 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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Dang DX, Kim IH. Coated refined fish oil supplementation improves growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Downregulation of miR-192 Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Porcine Granulosa Cell Injury by Directly Targeting Acvr2a. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152362. [PMID: 35954205 PMCID: PMC9368079 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is primarily caused by breakdown to granulosa cells (GCs) due to oxidative stress (OS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) elicit a defense response against environmental stresses, such as OS, by acting as gene-expression regulators. However, the association between miRNA expression and OS in porcine GCs (PGCs) is unclear. Here, we examined the impact of H2O2-mediated OS in PGCs through miRNA-Seq. We identified 22 (14 upregulated and 8 downregulated) and 33 (19 upregulated and 14 downregulated) differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) at 100 μM and 300 μM H2O2, respectively, compared with the control group. Among the DEmiRNAs, mi-192 was most induced by H2O2-mediated OS, and the downregulation of miR-192 alleviated PGC oxidative injury. The dual-luciferase reporter assay results revealed that miR-192 directly targeted Acvr2a. The Acvr2a level was found to be remarkably decreased after OS. Furthermore, grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2) treatment significantly reduced the H2O2-induced upregulation of miR-192, and decreased PGC apoptosis and oxidative damage. Meanwhile, GSPB2 prevented an H2O2-induced increase in caspase-3 activity, which was enhanced by the application of the miR-192 inhibitor. These results indicate that GSPB2 protects against PGC oxidative injury via the downregulation of miR-192, the upregulation of Acvr2a expression, and the suppression of the caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Dannenberger D, Eggert A, Kalbe C, Woitalla A, Schwudke D. Are n-3 PUFAs from Microalgae Incorporated into Membrane and Storage Lipids in Pig Muscle Tissues?-A Lipidomic Approach. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24785-24794. [PMID: 35874219 PMCID: PMC9301695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the study of molecular mechanisms of to lipid transport and storage in relation to dietary effects, lipidomics has been rarely used in farm animal research. A feeding study with pigs (German Landrace sows) and supplementation of microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) was conducted. The animals were allocated to the control group (n = 15) and the microalgae group (n = 16). Shotgun lipidomics was applied. This study enabled us to identify and quantify 336 lipid species from 15 different lipid classes in pig skeletal muscle tissues. The distribution of the lipid classes was significantly altered by microalgae supplementation, and ether lipids of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidic acid (PA) were significantly decreased. The total concentration of triacylglycerides (TAGs) was not affected. TAGs with high degree of unsaturation (TAG 56:7, TAG 56:6, TAG 54:6) were increased in the microalgae group, and major abundant species like TAG 52:2 and TAG 52:1 were not affected by the diet. Our results confirmed that dietary DHA and EPA are incorporated into storage and membrane lipids of pig muscles, which further led to systemic changes in the lipidome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Dannenberger
- Lipid
Metabolism and Muscular Adaptation Workgroup, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology
and Growth, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anja Eggert
- Institute
of Genetics and Biometry, Research Institute
for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Kalbe
- Lipid
Metabolism and Muscular Adaptation Workgroup, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology
and Growth, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Anna Woitalla
- Division
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center
Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center
Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- German
Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Research Center Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- German
Center for Infection Research, Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Research Center Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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Ghnaimawi S, Zhang S, Baum JI, Huang Y. The Effects of Maternal Intake of EPA and DHA Enriched Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation on Offspring’s Muscle Development and Energy Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:881624. [PMID: 35733999 PMCID: PMC9207413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.881624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EPA and DHA are n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with a diversity of health benefits on offspring. The objective of this study was to test the in vivo effect of maternal ingestion of EPA and DHA on fetal and offspring muscle development and energy balance. Two groups of female C57BL/6 mice were fed EPA and DHA enriched diet (FA) and diet devoid of EPA and DHA (CON) respectively throughout the entire period of gestation and lactation. Embryos at E13 and offspring at age of D1 and D21 were selected for sample collection and processing. No change in birth number and body weight were observed between groups at D1 and D21. Transient increase in the expression levels of myogenesis regulating genes was detected at D1 (p < 0.05) in FA group. Most of the expression of muscle protein synthesis regulating genes were comparable (p > 0.05) between FA and CON groups at D1 and D21. The significant increase in MHC4, and IGF-1 was not linked to increased muscle mass. A persistent increase in ISR expression (p < 0.05) but not in GLUT-4 (p > 0.05) was detected in offspring. Up-regulation of adipogenesis regulating genes was accompanied by increasing intramuscular fat accumulation in the offspring of FA group. Considerable increase in transcripts of genes regulating lipid catabolism and thermogenesis in liver (p < 0.05) was noticed in FA group at D21; whereas, only the levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (Cpt1α) and Enoyl-CoA Hydratase And 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenase (Ehhadh) increased at D1. Similarly, genes regulating lipolysis were highly expressed at D21 in FA group. EPA and DHA treatment promoted BAT development and activity by increasing the expression of BAT signature genes (p < 0.05). Also, maternal intake of EPA and DHA enriched diet enhanced browning of sWAT. Taken together, maternal ingestion of EPA/DHA may be suggested as a therapeutic option to improve body composition and counteract childhood obesity- related metabolic disorders and confer lifelong positive metabolic impact on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Kut University College, Alkut, Iraq
| | - Shilei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jamie I. Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Yan Huang, , orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-6889
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11
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Boskovic Cabrol M, Martins JC, Malhão LP, Alfaia CM, Prates JAM, Almeida AM, Lordelo M, Raymundo A. Digestibility of Meat Mineral and Proteins from Broilers Fed with Graded Levels of Chlorella vulgaris. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091345. [PMID: 35564067 PMCID: PMC9103800 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of sustainable protein sources in animal feeding is a growing trend. So far, no study has investigated in vitro digestion of meat, from broilers fed microalgae, in a human model. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating Chlorella vulgaris in the broilers diet on human protein digestibility, and mineral bioaccessibility. The study used 240 male Ross 308 broilers randomly allocated to groups fed a control diet or a diet where soybean meal was replaced with 10% (CV10%), 15% (CV15%), or 20% (CV15%) of C. vulgaris for 40 days. The microalga supplementation increased the protein and lowered the fat content in the muscle. Results on the percentages of amino acids highlighted that arginine and threonine proportions increased and lysine and cysteine proportions decreased with microalga inclusion. CV15% and CV20% meat had higher amount of K, Ca, Mg, P, and Fe in raw breasts, improving the nutrient composition of the meat. Cooking caused a decrease in Na and K and an increase in other minerals. CV20% had higher bioaccessibility of K, Ca, Mg, P, and Mg, compared to the control. Replacing soybean meal in broiler feed with higher concentrations of C. vugaris could improve the digestibility of meat protein and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Boskovic Cabrol
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (L.P.M.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Joana C. Martins
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (L.P.M.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Leonardo P. Malhão
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (L.P.M.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - André M. Almeida
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (L.P.M.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Madalena Lordelo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (L.P.M.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (L.P.M.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
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12
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Excessive Aurantiochytrium acetophilum docosahexaenoic acid supplementation decreases growth performance and breast muscle mass of broiler chickens. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Liu SH, Chen YC, Tzeng HP, Chiang MT. Fish oil enriched ω-3 fatty acids ameliorates protein synthesis/degradation imbalance, inflammation, and wasting in muscles of diet-induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Martins CF, Ribeiro DM, Costa M, Coelho D, Alfaia CM, Lordelo M, Almeida AM, Freire JPB, Prates JAM. Using Microalgae as a Sustainable Feed Resource to Enhance Quality and Nutritional Value of Pork and Poultry Meat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122933. [PMID: 34945484 PMCID: PMC8701271 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains and soybean meal are the main feedstuffs used in swine and poultry feeding, two of the most consumed meats and of key relevance to food security worldwide. Such crops are grown mostly in North and South America and transported over large distances creating sustainability concerns and, furthermore, are in direct competition with human nutrition. Alternatives to these ingredients are, thus, a pressing need to ensure the sustainability of swine and poultry production. Microalgae seem to be a viable alternative due to their interesting nutritional composition. The use of different microalgae in monogastric feeding has been addressed by different researchers over the last decade, particularly their use as a supplement, whilst their use as a feed ingredient has been comparatively less studied. In addition, the high production costs of microalgae are a barrier and prevent higher dietary inclusion. Studies on the effect of microalgae on meat quality refer mostly to fatty acid composition, using these either as a functional ingredient or as a feedstuff. Within such a context and in line with such a rationale, in this review we address the current research on the topic of the use of microalgae in poultry and swine nutrition, particularly aspects concerning pork and poultry meat quality and nutritional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia F. Martins
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.M.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (C.M.A.)
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.M.R.); (M.L.); (A.M.A.); (J.P.B.F.)
| | - David M. Ribeiro
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.M.R.); (M.L.); (A.M.A.); (J.P.B.F.)
| | - Mónica Costa
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.M.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Diogo Coelho
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.M.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.M.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Madalena Lordelo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.M.R.); (M.L.); (A.M.A.); (J.P.B.F.)
| | - André M. Almeida
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.M.R.); (M.L.); (A.M.A.); (J.P.B.F.)
| | - João P. B. Freire
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.M.R.); (M.L.); (A.M.A.); (J.P.B.F.)
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.F.M.); (M.C.); (D.C.); (C.M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ali O, Petrási Z, Donkó T, Fébel H, Mézes M, Szabó A. Muscle fibre membrane lipid composition in musculus biceps
femoris of pigs reared in indoor or outdoor systems. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/139275/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Gu Y, Yao Z, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang X, Sun S, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Saltwater fish but not freshwater fish consumption is positively related to handgrip strength: The TCLSIH Cohort Study. Nutr Res 2021; 90:46-54. [PMID: 34091118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fish contain many important nutrients and are primarily known for high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) content. Studies have shown that supplementation of fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA improves muscle mass and strength. Here, we hypothesized that fish consumption might improve muscle strength. To test this hypothesis, we performed this cross-sectional study (n = 29,084) in Tianjin, China. The frequency of fish consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength (HGS) was used as the indicator of muscle strength, and was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationship between fish consumption and HGS. In men, after adjusted potential confounding factors, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across saltwater fish consumption categories were 41.5 (41.1, 43.7) kg for <1 time/week, 44.6 (43.2, 45.8) kg for 1 time/week, and 44.7 (43.3, 46.1) kg for ≥2 to 3 times/week (P for trend <0.001). In men, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across the ascending quartiles of dietary n-3 PUFA intake were 43.6 (43.2, 44.4) kg, 43.7 (43.2, 44.6) kg, 44.4 (43.0, 45.8) kg, and 44.6 (43.1, 46.0) kg (P for trend <0.01). The results showed that saltwater fish consumption was positively related to HGS in men, but not in women, suggesting that saltwater fish contain nutrients that may be used to improve HGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Bertile F, Habold C, Le Maho Y, Giroud S. Body Protein Sparing in Hibernators: A Source for Biomedical Innovation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:634953. [PMID: 33679446 PMCID: PMC7930392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are not only the major structural components of living cells but also ensure essential physiological functions within the organism. Any change in protein abundance and/or structure is at risk for the proper body functioning and/or survival of organisms. Death following starvation is attributed to a loss of about half of total body proteins, and body protein loss induced by muscle disuse is responsible for major metabolic disorders in immobilized patients, and sedentary or elderly people. Basic knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control proteostasis is continuously growing. Yet, finding and developing efficient treatments to limit body/muscle protein loss in humans remain a medical challenge, physical exercise and nutritional programs managing to only partially compensate for it. This is notably a major challenge for the treatment of obesity, where therapies should promote fat loss while preserving body proteins. In this context, hibernating species preserve their lean body mass, including muscles, despite total physical inactivity and low energy consumption during torpor, a state of drastic reduction in metabolic rate associated with a more or less pronounced hypothermia. The present review introduces metabolic, physiological, and behavioral adaptations, e.g., energetics, body temperature, and nutrition, of the torpor or hibernation phenotype from small to large mammals. Hibernating strategies could be linked to allometry aspects, the need for periodic rewarming from torpor, and/or the ability of animals to fast for more or less time, thus determining the capacity of individuals to save proteins. Both fat- and food-storing hibernators rely mostly on their body fat reserves during the torpid state, while minimizing body protein utilization. A number of them may also replenish lost proteins during arousals by consuming food. The review takes stock of the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that promote body protein and muscle sparing during the inactive state of hibernation. Finally, the review outlines how the detailed understanding of these mechanisms at play in various hibernators is expected to provide innovative solutions to fight human muscle atrophy, to better help the management of obese patients, or to improve the ex vivo preservation of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bertile
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Habold
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Ecology, Physiology & Ethology Department, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Ecology, Physiology & Ethology Department, Strasbourg, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Zhu La ALT, Pierce K, Liu W, Gao S, Bu D, Ma L. Supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. enhances growth performance and antioxidant capability of dairy calves before weaning. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Boyer C, Cussonneau L, Brun C, Deval C, Pais de Barros JP, Chanon S, Bernoud-Hubac N, Daira P, Evans AL, Arnemo JM, Swenson JE, Gauquelin-Koch G, Simon C, Blanc S, Combaret L, Bertile F, Lefai E. Specific shifts in the endocannabinoid system in hibernating brown bears. Front Zool 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 33292302 PMCID: PMC7681968 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In small hibernators, global downregulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in modulating neuronal signaling, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and circannual rhythms, has been reported to possibly drive physiological adaptation to the hibernating state. In hibernating brown bears (Ursus arctos), we hypothesized that beyond an overall suppression of the ECS, seasonal shift in endocannabinoids compounds could be linked to bear’s peculiar features that include hibernation without arousal episodes and capacity to react to external disturbance. We explored circulating lipids in serum and the ECS in plasma and metabolically active tissues in free-ranging subadult Scandinavian brown bears when both active and hibernating. In winter bear serum, in addition to a 2-fold increase in total fatty acid concentration, we found significant changes in relative proportions of circulating fatty acids, such as a 2-fold increase in docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n-3 and a decrease in arachidonic acid C20:4 n-6. In adipose and muscle tissues of hibernating bears, we found significant lower concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), a major ligand of cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). Lower mRNA level for genes encoding CB1 and CB2 were also found in winter muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. The observed reduction in ECS tone may promote fatty acid mobilization from body fat stores, and favor carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle of hibernating bears. Additionally, high circulating level of the endocannabinoid-like compound N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in winter could favor lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues. We also speculated on a role of OEA in the conservation of an anorexigenic signal and in the maintenance of torpor during hibernation, while sustaining the capacity of bears to sense stimuli from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boyer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Cussonneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Brun
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Deval
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Chanon
- Université de Lyon, INSERM, INRAE, INSA, Functional Lipidomic Plateform, Lyon, France
| | | | - Patricia Daira
- Université de Lyon, INSERM, INRAE, INSA, Functional Lipidomic Plateform, Lyon, France
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Chantal Simon
- Université de Lyon, INSERM, INRAE, INSA, Functional Lipidomic Plateform, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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20
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Neijat M, Habtewold J, Li S, Jing M, House JD. Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the composition of cecal microbiome of Lohmann hens. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102182. [PMID: 33038831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids to poultry diets is widely acknowledged for its role in enhancing poultry products, however, little is known about the compositional responses of gut microbial communities to type and dosage of these supplements. Here, we compared the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), supplied as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the composition of bacterial communities in ceca of laying hens. Corn-soybean basal diets were supplemented with either flaxseed oil (FO, ALA-rich) or marine algal biomass (MA, DHA-rich), and each supplied 0.20 and 0.60% of total n-3 PUFA in the diet. Lohmann LSL-Classic laying hens (n = 10/treatment) were randomly allocated to one of the 4 diets. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood, liver and cecal digesta samples were obtained for plasma glucose, fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids analyses, respectively. The gut bacterial communities were characterized using genomic DNA extracted from cecal contents, whereby the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq® platform. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in both the FO- and MA-fed groups. The relative abundance of Tenericutes, often associated with immunomodulation, was relatively higher (P<0.0001) in the FO than MA group. Although the relative abundance of Bacteroides was greater for the FO- than the MA-fed group, this genus was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with total n-3 PUFA in the liver at higher dosages of both FO- and MA-fed hens. Higher dose of FO (0.60%) and both dosages of MA (0.20 and 0.60%) substantially enriched several members of Firmicutes (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus) which are known to produce butyrate. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that, in the FO 0.60- and MA 0.20-fed hens, Ruminococcaceae was the most influential taxon accounting for about 31% of the network complexity. These findings demonstrate that supplementation of different type and level of n-3 PUFA in hens' diets could enrich microbial communities with potential role in lipid metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J Habtewold
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M Jing
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2E1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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21
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Huang K, Cai HL, Bao JP, Wu LD. Dehydroepiandrosterone and age-related musculoskeletal diseases: Connections and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101132. [PMID: 32711158 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders related to ageing are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly individuals worldwide. The typical constitutive components of the musculoskeletal system, including bone, muscle, and joints, gradually undergo a process of tissue loss and degeneration as a result of life-long mechanical and biological stress, ultimately leading to the onset of a series of age-related musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoporosis (OP), sarcopenia, and osteoarthritis (OA). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a precursor of androgen secreted mainly by the adrenal gland, has attracted much attention as a marker for senescence due to its unique age-related changes. This pre-hormone has been publicly regarded as an "antidote for ageing" because of its favourable effect against a wide range of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular diseases, immunosenescence and skin senescence, though its effect on age-related musculoskeletal diseases has been explored to a lesser extent. In the present review, we summarized the action of DHEA against OP, sarcopenia and OA. Extensive detailed descriptions of the pathogenesis of each of these musculoskeletal disorders are beyond the scope of this review; instead, we aim to highlight the association of changes in DHEA with the processes of OP, sarcopenia and OA. A special focus will also be placed on the overlapping pathogeneses among these three diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of DHEA against these diseases are discussed or postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Li Cai
- Department of Ultrasound, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Peng Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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22
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Dalle S, Koppo K. Is inflammatory signaling involved in disease-related muscle wasting? Evidence from osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type II diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110964. [PMID: 32407865 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle loss is an important feature that occurs in multiple pathologies including osteoarthritis (OA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II diabetes (T2D). Despite differences in pathogenesis and disease-related complications, there are reasons to believe that some fundamental underlying mechanisms are inherent to the muscle wasting process, irrespective of the pathology. Recent evidence shows that inflammation, either local or systemic, contributes to the modulation of muscle mass and/or muscle strength, via an altered molecular profile in muscle tissue. However, it remains ambiguous to which extent and via which mechanisms inflammatory signaling affects muscle mass in disease. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to discuss the role of inflammation on skeletal muscle anabolism, catabolism and functionality in three pathologies that are characterized by an eventual loss in muscle mass (and muscle strength), i.e. OA, COPD and T2D. In OA and COPD, most rodent models confirmed that systemic (COPD) or muscle (OA) inflammation directly induces muscle loss or muscle dysfunctionality. However, in a patient population, the association between inflammation and muscular maladaptations are more ambiguous. For example, in T2D patients, systemic inflammation is associated with muscle loss whereas in OA patients this link has not consistently been established. T2D rodent models revealed that increased levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and a decreased mTORC1 activation play a key role in muscle atrophy, but it remains to be elucidated whether AGEs and mTORC1 are interconnected and contribute to muscle loss in T2D patients. Generally, if any, associations between inflammation and muscle are mainly based on observational and cross-sectional data. There is definitely a need for longitudinal evidence through well-powered randomized control trials that take into account confounders such as age, disease-phenotypes, comorbidities, physical (in) activity etc. This will allow to improve our understanding of the complex interaction between inflammatory signaling and muscle mass loss and hence contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies to combat muscle wasting in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Chazarin B, Storey KB, Ziemianin A, Chanon S, Plumel M, Chery I, Durand C, Evans AL, Arnemo JM, Zedrosser A, Swenson JE, Gauquelin-Koch G, Simon C, Blanc S, Lefai E, Bertile F. Metabolic reprogramming involving glycolysis in the hibernating brown bear skeletal muscle. Front Zool 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 31080489 PMCID: PMC6503430 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, the hibernating state is characterized by biochemical adjustments, which include metabolic rate depression and a shift in the primary fuel oxidized from carbohydrates to lipids. A number of studies of hibernating species report an upregulation of the levels and/or activity of lipid oxidizing enzymes in muscles during torpor, with a concomitant downregulation for glycolytic enzymes. However, other studies provide contrasting data about the regulation of fuel utilization in skeletal muscles during hibernation. Bears hibernate with only moderate hypothermia but with a drop in metabolic rate down to ~ 25% of basal metabolism. To gain insights into how fuel metabolism is regulated in hibernating bear skeletal muscles, we examined the vastus lateralis proteome and other changes elicited in brown bears during hibernation. Results We show that bear muscle metabolic reorganization is in line with a suppression of ATP turnover. Regulation of muscle enzyme expression and activity, as well as of circulating metabolite profiles, highlighted a preference for lipid substrates during hibernation, although the data suggested that muscular lipid oxidation levels decreased due to metabolic rate depression. Our data also supported maintenance of muscle glycolysis that could be fuelled from liver gluconeogenesis and mobilization of muscle glycogen stores. During hibernation, our data also suggest that carbohydrate metabolism in bear muscle, as well as protein sparing, could be controlled, in part, by actions of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions Our work shows that molecular mechanisms in hibernating bear skeletal muscle, which appear consistent with a hypometabolic state, likely contribute to energy and protein savings. Maintenance of glycolysis could help to sustain muscle functionality for situations such as an unexpected exit from hibernation that would require a rapid increase in ATP production for muscle contraction. The molecular data we report here for skeletal muscles of bears hibernating at near normal body temperature represent a signature of muscle preservation despite atrophying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Chazarin
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,10Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, F-75001 Paris, France
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- 2Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Anna Ziemianin
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,10Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, F-75001 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Marine Plumel
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Chery
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Durand
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Alina L Evans
- 4Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- 4Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway.,5Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- 6Department of Environmental and Health Studies, University College of Southeast Norway, N-3800 Bø, Telemark Norway.,7Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon E Swenson
- 8Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.,9Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Chantal Simon
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Stephane Blanc
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- 3CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University of Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France.,Université d'Auvergne, INRA, UNH UMR1019, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- 1Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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24
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The role of omega 3 fatty acids in suppressing muscle protein catabolism: A possible therapeutic strategy to reverse cancer cachexia? J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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25
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Kalbe C, Priepke A, Nürnberg G, Dannenberger D. Effects of long-term microalgae supplementation on muscle microstructure, meat quality and fatty acid composition in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:574-582. [PMID: 30511431 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of long-term microalgae supplementation (7% in a piglet diet and 5% in a fattening diet) on muscle microstructure and meat quality, including fatty acid composition in female Landrace pigs (n = 31). The major effects were muscle-specific increases in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrations, resulting in increased accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Carcass traits and meat quality of longissimus thoracis muscle were not affected by the microalgae diet with the exception of reduced drip loss (p = 0.01) and increased protein proportion (p = 0.04). In addition, the microalgae diet resulted in a shift to a more oxidative myofibre type composition in semitendinosus but not longissimus thoracis muscle. In conclusion, microalgae supplementation offers a unique opportunity to enhance essential n-3 PUFA contents in pig meat. The results support small but coordinated changes in skeletal muscle phenotypic appearance and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kalbe
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Antje Priepke
- Institute of Livestock Farming, State Research Center of Agriculture and Fisheries Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Nürnberg
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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26
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Lee SA, Whenham N, Bedford MR. Review on docosahexaenoic acid in poultry and swine nutrition: Consequence of enriched animal products on performance and health characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:11-21. [PMID: 30899805 PMCID: PMC6406981 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are linked to a variety of health benefits against human disorders and disease. However, the typical western diet is generally low in n-3 PUFA and high in n-6 PUFA, suggesting that the recommended intake of these essential fatty acids is seldom achieved. Therefore, dietary enrichment of animal meat and eggs with n-3 PUFA could help increase consumption of these fatty acids. Fish oils and microalgae (MA) are rich sources of long chain n-3 PUFA, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Feeding these marine products has been shown to increase DHA content of tissues and yolk, however, this may also lead to an increased requirement for anti-oxidants to prevent oxidative deterioration and associated negative sensory attributes. Nonetheless, increased DHA has been linked to promising results in animal growth, fertility, immunity and bone strength in both pigs and poultry. These findings suggest that feeding DHA-rich ingredients to mono-gastric can enrich human diets as well as providing additional benefits to the animal.
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Ren T, Li Z, Zhou Y, Liu X, Han R, Wang Y, Yan F, Sun G, Li H, Kang X. Sequencing and characterization of lncRNAs in the breast muscle of Gushi and Arbor Acres chickens. Genome 2018; 61:337-347. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chicken muscle quality is one of the most important factors determining the economic value of poultry, and muscle development and growth are affected by genetics, environment, and nutrition. However, little is known about the molecular regulatory mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chicken skeletal muscle development. Our study aimed to better understand muscle development in chickens and thereby improve meat quality. In this study, Ribo-Zero RNA-Seq was used to investigate differences in the expression profiles of muscle development related genes and associated pathways between Gushi (GS) and Arbor Acres (AA) chickens. We identified two muscle tissue specific expression lncRNAs. In addition, the target genes of these lncRNAs were significantly enriched in certain biological processes and molecular functions, as demonstrated by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and these target genes participate in five signaling pathway, as revealed by an analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Taken together, these data suggest that different lncRNAs might be involved in regulating chicken muscle development and growth and provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanhui Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongcai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - FengBin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - GuiRong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Muscle Damage and Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050552. [PMID: 29710835 PMCID: PMC5986432 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation not only helps in improving and maintaining performance in sports and exercise, but also contributes in reducing exercise fatigue and in recovery from exhaustion. Fish oil contains large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3). It is widely known that omega-3 fatty acids are effective for improving cardiac function, depression, cognitive function, and blood as well as lowering blood pressure. In the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and exercise performance, previous studies have been predicted improved endurance performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, and effectivity against delayed-onset muscle soreness. However, the optimal dose, duration, and timing remain unclear. This review focuses on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on muscle damage and function as evaluated by human and animal studies and summarizes its effects on muscle and nerve damage, and muscle mass and strength.
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29
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Zhou Y, Song T, Peng J, Zhou Z, Wei H, Zhou R, Jiang S, Peng J. SIRT1 suppresses adipogenesis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo and in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77707-77720. [PMID: 27776347 PMCID: PMC5363615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. However, the underlying mechanism should be investigated. This study revealed that SIRT1 acts as a crucial repressor of adipogenesis. RNA-interference-mediated SIRT1 knockdown or genetic ablation enhances adipogenic potential, whereas SIRT1 overexpression inhibits adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). SIRT1 also deacetylates the histones of sFRP1, sFRP2, and Dact1 promoters; inhibits the mRNA expression of sFRP1, sFRP2, and Dact1; activates Wnt signaling pathways; and suppresses adipogenesis. SIRT1 deacetylates β-catenin to promote its accumulation in the nucleus and thus induces the transcription of genes that block MSC adipogenesis. In mice, the partial absence of SIRT1 promotes the formation of white adipose tissues without affecting the development of the body of mice. Our study described the regulatory role of SIRT1 in Wnt signaling and proposed a regulatory mechanism of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry, and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, P. R. China
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30
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Dalle S, Rossmeislova L, Koppo K. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 29311975 PMCID: PMC5733049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological changes occur with aging. These changes often, directly or indirectly, result in a deterioration of the quality of life and even in a shortening of life expectancy. Besides increased levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and cell apoptosis, another important factor affecting the aging process involves a systemic chronic low-grade inflammation. This condition has already been shown to be interrelated with several (sub)clinical conditions, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence, however, shows that chronic low-grade inflammation also contributes to the loss of muscle mass, strength and functionality, referred to as sarcopenia, as it affects both muscle protein breakdown and synthesis through several signaling pathways. Classic interventions to counteract age-related muscle wasting mainly focus on resistance training and/or protein supplementation to overcome the anabolic inflexibility from which elderly suffer. Although the elderly benefit from these classic interventions, the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory strategies is of great interest, as these might add up to/support the anabolic effect of resistance exercise and/or protein supplementation. In this review, the molecular interaction between inflammation, anabolic sensitivity and muscle protein metabolism in sarcopenic elderly will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenka Rossmeislova
- Department for the Study of Obesity and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Nwachukwu ID, Kouritzin TM, Aluko RE, Myrie SB. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in skeletal muscle anabolism, strength, and function in healthy and diseased states. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi D. Nwachukwu
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
| | - Trevor M. Kouritzin
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
| | - Semone B. Myrie
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Canada
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32
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Fougère B, de Souto Barreto P, Goisser S, Soriano G, Guyonnet S, Andrieu S, Vellas B. Red blood cell membrane omega-3 fatty acid levels and physical performance: Cross-sectional data from the MAPT study. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1141-1144. [PMID: 28442236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with brain, cardiovascular and immune function, as well as physical performance and bone health in older adults. So far, few studies have highlighted the associations between PUFA status and performance-based tests of physical function. To study the associations between the omega-3 index (red blood cell (RBC) membrane content of omega-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and physical performance measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using the baseline data of the Multidomain Alzheimer's Disease Trial (MAPT), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS 1449 participants with available data on PUFAs were included. Omega-3 index and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores were measured at enrollment and the omega-3 index expressed as the percentage of total fatty acid content was calculated. We also dichotomized the omega-3 index as low (lowest quartile) vs. high (three upper quartiles). RESULTS Participants were 75.2 (±4.4) years old, 64.5% were female. Bivariate analyses found that participants who were in the lowest omega-3 index quartile (Q1) had a SPPB score significantly lower than participants in the three other quartiles (Q2-Q4). However, adjusted (for age, gender, cognitive function, depressive status, Body Mass Index and grip strength) multiple linear regression showed that the omega-3 index-SPPB score association did not reach statistical significance [β = -0.166; (-0.346; 0.013); p = 0.07] in our sample. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study found that participants with a low omega-3 index had worse performance-based test results of physical function than people with a high omega-3 index, but this association did not reach statistical significance once confounders were controlled for. Studies looking at the over-time associations between PUFA status and physical performance changes may shed more light on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Fougère
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Sabine Goisser
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Soriano
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Inserm UMR1027, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Opazo R, Fuenzalida K, Plaza-Parrochia F, Romero J. Performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a Diet for Rotifers for Feeding Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2017; 14:187-194. [PMID: 28192066 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish larval stage is a critical moment due to high mortality rates associated with inadequate supplies of nutritional requirements. Larval feeding has important challenges associated with such factors as small mouth gape (≈100 μm), the low activity of digestive enzymes, and the intake of live food. A common zebrafish live food at the onset of exogenous feeding is rotifers, mainly Brachionus plicatilis. These rotifers should be fed with other microorganisms such as microalgae or yeast, mostly from the Saccharomyces genus. In the laboratory, the culture of microalgae is more expensive than the culture of yeast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a diet for rotifers in comparison to a microalgae-based diet (Rotigrow®). To achieve this aim, we assessed the rotifer total protein content, the rotifers fatty acid profile, zebrafish larval growth performance, the expression of key growth, and endocrine appetite regulation genes. The total protein and fatty acids content were similar in both rotifer cultures, averaging 35% of dry matter (DM) and 18% of DM, respectively. Interestingly, the fatty acids profile showed differences between the two rotifer cultures: omega-3 fatty acids were only observed in the Microalgae/rotifer, whereas, omega-6 fatty acids presented similar levels in both rotifer cultures. No differences were observed in the larval body length distribution or mortalities between the rotifer cultures. However, gh, igf-1, and cck gene expression showed significantly higher upregulation in zebrafish fed the Microalgae/rotifer diet compared with those fed the Debaryomyces/rotifer diet. In conclusion, D. hansenii could be an alternative diet for rotifer used as a live food in zebrafish larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding. The gene responses observed in this work open up the opportunity to study the effect of omega-3 supply on growth regulation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Opazo
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- 2 Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Wei HK, Deng Z, Jiang SZ, Song TX, Zhou YF, Peng J, Tao YX. Eicosapentaenoic acid abolishes inhibition of insulin-induced mTOR phosphorylation by LPS via PTP1B downregulation in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:116-125. [PMID: 27984084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) increase insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. In the current study, we investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on insulin-induced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in myotubes. We showed that EPA did not affect basal and insulin-induced mTOR phosphorylation in myotubes. However, EPA abolished lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced deficiency in insulin signaling (P < 0.05). Pre-incubation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κΒ) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) inhibitors prevented the decreased insulin-induced mTOR phosphorylation elicited by LPS (P < 0.05). In addition, in protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) knockdown myotubes, LPS failed to decrease insulin-induced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in myotubes (P > 0.05). In myotubes, LPS stimulated PTP1B expression via NF-κB and activation protein-1 (AP1). Pre-incubation of 50 μM EPA prevented the LPS-induced activation of AP1 and NF-κΒ as well as PTP1B expression (P < 0.05). Interestingly, incubation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist (GW9662) prior to EPA treatment, the effect of EPA on insulin-induced mTOR phosphorylation was blocked. Accordingly, EPA did not inhibit the LPS-induced activation of AP1 or NF-κΒ as well as PTP1B expression when incubation of GW9662 prior to EPA treatment. The in vivo study showed that EPA prevented LPS-induced PTPT1B expression and a decrease in insulin-induced mTOR phosphorylation in muscle of mice. In summary, EPA abolished LPS inhibition of insulin-induced mTOR phosphorylation in myotubes, and one of the key mechanisms was to inhibit AP1 and NF-κB activation and PTP1B transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shu-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tong-Xing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuan-Fei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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Abstract
This review will focus on findings from the few studies performed to date in humans to examine changes in muscle protein turnover, lean or muscle mass and physical function following fish oil-derived omega-3 fatty acid treatment. Although considerable gaps in our current knowledge exist, hypertrophic responses (e.g., improvements in the rate of muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signaling during increased amino acid availability and an increase in muscle volume) have been reported in older adults following prolonged (8 to 24 weeks) of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. There is also accumulating evidence that increased omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cells are positively related to strength and measures of physical function. As a result, increased omega-3 fatty acid consumption may prove to be a promising low-cost dietary approach to attenuate or prevent aging associated declines in muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon I Smith
- Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Fish oil supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affects the insulin-like growth factor axis in a sex-specific manner in Danish infants. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:782-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) on infant growth, but little is known about the effects of FO and sex on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the main regulator of growth in childhood. We explored whether FO v. sunflower oil (SO) supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affected IGF-1 and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and whether the potential effects were sex specific. Danish infants (n 115) were randomly allocated to 5 ml/d FO (1·2 g/d n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA)) or SO. We measured growth, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and erythrocyte EPA, a biomarker of n-3 LCPUFA intake and status, at 9 and 18 months. Erythrocyte EPA increased strongly with FO compared with SO (P<0·001). There were no effects of FO compared with SO on IGF-1 in the total population, but a sex×group interaction (P=0·02). Baseline-adjusted IGF-1 at 18 months was 11·1 µg/l (95 % CI 0·4, 21·8; P=0·04) higher after FO compared with SO supplementation among boys only. The sex×group interaction was borderline significant in the model of IGFBP-3 (P=0·09), with lower IGFBP-3 with FO compared with SO among girls only (P=0·03). The results were supported by sex-specific dose–response associations between changes in erythrocyte EPA and changes in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 (both P<0·03). Moreover, IGF-1 was sex specifically associated with BMI and length. In conclusion, FO compared with SO resulted in higher IGF-1 among boys and lower IGFBP-3 among girls. The potential long-term implications for growth and body composition should be investigated further.
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Frison E, Boirie Y, Peuchant E, Tabue-Teguo M, Barberger-Gateau P, Féart C. Plasma fatty acid biomarkers are associated with gait speed in community-dwelling older adults: The Three-City-Bordeaux study. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:416-422. [PMID: 26758373 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nutritional factors, such as fatty acids (FA), could modulate physical performance in the elderly. In particular, the opposite properties of long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (LC PUFAs) could impact muscle function. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional association between plasma FAs and gait speed in French elderly community-dwellers. METHODS Elderly participants from the Bordeaux centre of the Three-City Study were included. The proportion of 12 FAs, and gait speed (m/s) were measured concomitantly at enrollment. Low gait speed (LGS) was defined as below the first quartile of gait speed. FA patterns were derived from the 12 individual FAs using principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used and odds-ratios (OR) were expressed per one additional standard-deviation unit of each plasma FA or per one additional unit of pattern score. RESULTS Among 982 participants, 239 (24.3%) had a low gait speed (<0.63 m/s) at baseline. Regarding individually each FA, a higher proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were associated with lower odds of LGS (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63-0.93 and OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67-0.95 respectively). Conversely, a higher arachidonic acid (AA):(EPA + DHA) ratio was associated with higher odds of LGS. Three main FA patterns were identified. A higher score on the FA pattern characterized by higher proportions of LC n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower odds of LGS (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67-0.90). CONCLUSIONS A FA pattern mainly driven by high plasma concentrations of LC n-3 PUFAs is cross-sectionally associated with higher gait speed in community-dwelling older adults, while a higher AA:(EPA + DHA) ratio is associated with lower gait speed. These findings suggest a potential protective effect of n-3 PUFA on physical performance decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Frison
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont University, University of Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Peuchant
- INSERM, U876, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint-André, Service de Biochimie, F-33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maturin Tabue-Teguo
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Barberger-Gateau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Féart
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-63000 Bordeaux, France.
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Cloning and characterization of spliced variants of the porcine G protein coupled receptor 120. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:813816. [PMID: 26075265 PMCID: PMC4449883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/813816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) receptor GPR120 exerts a significant impact on systemic nutrient homeostasis in human and rodents. However, the porcine GPR120 (pGPR120) has not been well characterized. In the current study, we found that pGPR120 had 3 spliced variants. Transcript 1 encoded 362-amino acids (aa) wild type pGPR120-WT, which shared 88% homology with human short form GPR120. Transcript 1 was the mainly expressed transcript of pGPR120. It was expressed predominantly in ileum, jejunum, duodenum, spleen, and adipose. Transcript 3 (coding 320-aa isoform) was detected in spleen, while the transcript 2 (coding 310-aa isoform) was only slightly expressed in spleen. A selective agonist for human GPR120 (TUG-891) and PUFAs activated SRE-luc and NFAT-luc reporter in HEK293T cells transfected with construct for pGPR120-WT but not pGPR120-V2. However, 320-aa isoform was not a dominant negative isoform. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels in cells transfected with construct for pGPR120-WT were well activated by PUFAs, especially n-3 PUFA. These results showed that although pGPR120 had 3 transcripts, transcript 1 which encoded pGPR120-WT was the mainly expressed transcript. TUG-891 and PUFAs, especially n-3 PUFA, well activated pGPR120-WT. The current study contributed to dissecting the molecular regulation mechanisms of n-3 PUFA in pigs.
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Ewaschuk JB, Almasud A, Mazurak VC. Role of n-3 fatty acids in muscle loss and myosteatosis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:654-62. [PMID: 24869970 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Image-based methods such as computed tomography for assessing body composition enables quantification of muscle mass and muscle density and reveals that low muscle mass and myosteatosis (fat infiltration into muscle) are common in people with cancer. Myosteatosis and low muscle mass have emerged as independent risk factors for mortality in cancer; however, the characteristics and pathogenesis of these features have not been resolved. Muscle depletion is associated with low plasma eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) in cancer and supplementation with n-3 fatty acids has been shown to ameliorate muscle loss and myosteatosis in clinical studies, suggesting a relationship between n-3 fatty acids and muscle health. Since the mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids alter body composition in cancer remain unknown, related literature from other conditions associated with myosteatosis, such as insulin resistance and obesity is considered. In these noncancer conditions, it has been reported that n-3 fatty acids act by increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammatory mediators, and altering adipokine profiles and transcription factors; therefore, the plausibility of these mechanisms of action in the neoplastic state are considered. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known about the effects of n-3 fatty acids with regards to muscle condition and to discuss potential mechanisms for effects of n-3 fatty acids on muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Ewaschuk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Science, Division of Human Nutrition, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Center for Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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