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El-Zaiat HM, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Kharousi K. Exploring rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Dhofari goats fed a chitosan-added diet. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2337748. [PMID: 38592802 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2337748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The use of chitosan (CHI) in ruminant diets is a promising natural modifier for rumen fermentation, capable of modulating both the rumen pattern and microbial activities. The objective of this study was to explore the rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Dhofari goats fed a diet supplemented with CHI. A total of 24 Dhofari lactating goats (body weight, 27.32 ± 1.80 kg) were assigned randomly into three experimental groups (n = 8 ewes/group). Goats were fed a basal diet with either 0 (control), 180 (low), or 360 (high) mg CHI/kg of dietary dry matter (DM) for 45 days. Feeding high CHI linearly increased (p < 0.05) the propionate level and reduced the acetate, butyrate, and total protozoa count (p < 0.05). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly when goats were fed CHI (p < 0.05). The abundances of both Spirochetes and Fibrobacteres phyla were reduced (p < 0.05) with both CHI doses relative to the control. Both low and high CHI reduced (p < 0.05) the relative abundances of Butyrivibrio hungatei, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Selenomonas ruminantium and Neocallimastix californiae populations. Adding CHI significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the abundances of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Bacillariophyta phyla compared to the control. Adding CHI to the diet reduces the abundance of fibrolytic-degrading bacteria, however, it increases the amylolytic-degrading bacteria. Application of 360 mg of CHI/kg DM modified the relative populations of ruminal microbes, which could enhance the rumen fermentation patterns in Dhofari goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M El-Zaiat
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Al Abri M, Alfoudari A, Mohammad Z, Almathen F, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Hajri S, Al-Amri M, Bahbahani H. Assessing genetic diversity and defining signatures of positive selection on the genome of dromedary camels from the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1296610. [PMID: 38098998 PMCID: PMC10720651 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1296610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are members of the Camelini tribe within the Camelidae family. They are distributed throughout North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Southeast Asia. This domestic species is characterized by its superior adaptability to the harsh desert environment. In this study, whole autosomal data of 29 dromedary samples from the Southeast Arabian Peninsula in Oman; 10 from Muscat, 14 from Al-Batinah, and 5 from Al-Sharqiya, were investigated to assess their genetic relationship and to define candidate signatures of positive selection. A minimal genetic distinction that separates Muscat dromedaries from the other two populations was observed, with a degree of genetic admixture between them. Using the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) approach, a total of 47 candidate regions within the autosomes of these dromedary populations were defined with signatures of positive selection. These candidate regions harbor a total of 154 genes that are mainly associated with functional categories related to immune response, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure, optical and auditory functions, and long-term memory. Different functional genomic variants were called on the candidate regions and respective genes that warrant further investigation to find possible association with the different favorable phenotypes in dromedaries. The output of this study paves the way for further research efforts aimed at defining markers for use in genomic breeding programs, with the goal of conserving the genetic diversity of the species and enhancing its productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Abri
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmad Alfoudari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zainab Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Faisal Almathen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salim Al-Hajri
- Laboratories and Research Administration, Directorate General of Veterinary Services, Royal Court Affairs, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmood Al-Amri
- Laboratories and Research Administration, Directorate General of Veterinary Services, Royal Court Affairs, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hussain Bahbahani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Al-Yahyaey F, Al-Marzooqi W, Shaat I, Smith MA, Al-Sabahi J, Melak S, Bush RD. Effect of Spirulina platensis Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Omani Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2976. [PMID: 37760376 PMCID: PMC10525089 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a 70-day study, 36 Jabbali and Sahrawi bucks, aged 11 months, were utilized to evaluate the effects of different levels of spirulina dietary supplement (SP) on carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile, and meat quality traits in Omani goat breeds. The goats were put into six groups of six bucks, each at random. The diet consisted of a conventional concentrate feed ration (CFR) without spirulina (CON), and the CFR diet supplemented with spirulina at the levels of 2 g/head daily (T1) and 4 g/head daily (T2). In general, Sahrawi bucks showed a highly significant response to SP feeding compared with Jabbali bucks. The treatment groups, especially T1, showed a significant increase in average daily gain and carcass traits (body length, leg length, and the rack weight) compared with the CON group of Sahrawi bucks. The weights of omental and kidney fat were also significantly higher in T1 compared with CON and T2 groups of Sahrawi goats, while they were significantly higher in T2 compared with CON and T1 groups of Jabbali goats. Carcass profile and meat quality, including ultimate ph and meat color lightness (L*) were increased significantly with dietary spirulina in both LD and SM muscles of Sahrawi goats. Most of the Sfa, Mufa, Pufa, Pufa n-6, Pufa n-3, and n-6/n-3 ratios of the LD showed significant differences in diets supplemented with SP compared with CON for Sahrawi bucks, while some of them were significant in Jabbali bucks. The LD muscle of Sahrawi goats fed diets supplemented with SP of the T1 group significantly decreased in the amounts of pentadecanoic and margaric acids compared with the T2 and CON groups. The study concluded that incorporating SP (2 g and 4 g/head daily) into the diet of Omani goats, especially Sahrawi goats, can increase growth performance, as well as improve fatty acid composition and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Al-Yahyaey
- Animal Nutrition Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture Wealth, Fisheries and Water Resources, Rumais, P.O. Box 467, Muscat 100, Oman
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Ihab Shaat
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Al Koudh, P.O. Box 92, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Melanie A. Smith
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Jamal Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Sherif Melak
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Russell D. Bush
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
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Al-Harrasi M, Al-Habsi K, Ali H, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Kharousi K, Al-Hamrashdi A, El-Tahir HA, Elshafie EI. Circulation of Trypanosoma evansi antibodies and risk variables among dromedary camels in Al Batinah governorates, Sultanate of Oman. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports 2023; 40:100863. [PMID: 37068866 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi is a blood protozoan infects camels with Surra disease and causes high economic losses. The current study was focused on estimating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Surra disease among camels, using 425 blood samples collected from 45 farms in nine Wilayats of Al Batinah governorates in the Sultanate of Oman. Host and environmental risk factors associated with T. evansi seroprevalence were analyzed by questionnaire arranged during sample collection. The overall seroprevalence by the serological CATT/T. evansi was 19.5% (83/425, CI: 16.0-23.6%). The seroconversion rate between the two governorates of north and south Al Batinah was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the highest frequency was in Al Musannah at 41.7% (10/24, CI: 22.1-63.4%), and the lowest was in Al Khaburah at 10.5% (6/57, CI: 4.0-21.5%). Most of the owners in Al Khaburah (82.5%) were aware of T. evansi importance, and therefore they kept camels separate from ruminants. The ticks-free camels, racing camels and camels less than five years old showed higher T. evansi seroprevalence than other camels. The mean total protein was significantly (t = 2.817, p = 0.006) higher in seropositive camels (6.49 ± 0.75) compared to seronegative ones (6.25 ± 0.55), whereas PCV was not statistically different between the positive (28.96 ± 4.33) and negative camels (29.83 ± 3.63). Further studies are highly recommended to determine the prevalence and type of T. evansi in camels and ruminants in different governorates in Oman, especially in the Dhofar region, where the highest camel density is reported in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Al-Harrasi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Habsi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abeer Al-Hamrashdi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hatim Ali El-Tahir
- Animal Health Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Muscat, Oman; Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elshafie I Elshafie
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Al-Marzooqi W, Elshafie EI, Al-Toobi A, Al-Hamrashdi A, Al-Kharousi K, El-Tahir H, Jay M, Corde Y, ElTahir Y. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Ruminants in Dhofar Province in Southern Oman. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:3176147. [PMID: 36386268 PMCID: PMC9652075 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3176147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present work was to raise awareness of Brucella infection and emphasize the use of serological tests for screening and confirmation of the presence of the infection in different localities in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate of Oman. METHODS A seroprevalence of Brucella infection in naturally infected livestock was undertaken in 50 farms (a total of 434 sera, 207 goats, 84 sheep, 54 cattle, and 89 camels) from different wilayat of the Dhofar region in the southern part of Oman. Rose Bengal (RBT), complement fixation (CFT), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) tests were used to determine the presence of Brucella antibodies. Statistical analysis (Pearson chi-square, binary logistic regression, and univariate logistic regression) was used to investigate the significance between the prevalence and the categorical risk factors individually, with two or more levels (animal species, animal condition, and or location). RESULTS Our results show that the overall seroprevalence based on CFT, RBT, and I-ELISA was 3% (13/424, CI: 1.8-5.1%), 4.8% (21/434, CI: 3.1-7.3%), and 8% (35/434, CI: 5.8-10.9%), respectively. The highest seroprevalence was reported in goats (13% (27/207)) and animals from East Jabal (13% (21/161)), whereas the lowest was recorded in camels (3.4% (3/89)) and animals from deserts (1.4% (1/69)). Parameters such as the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) showed that the sensitivity of I-ELISA and CFT based on the RBT test was 61.9% and 57.1%, respectively, whereas the specificity of I-ELISA (94.6%) was less than that of CFT (97.33%). CONCLUSION We concluded that three tests are confirmatory for the presence of Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 34, 123 Alkhod, Oman
| | - Elshafie I. Elshafie
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 34, 123 Alkhod, Oman
| | - AlGhalya Al-Toobi
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 34, 123 Alkhod, Oman
| | - Abeer Al-Hamrashdi
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 34, 123 Alkhod, Oman
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 34, 123 Alkhod, Oman
| | - Hatim El-Tahir
- Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Directorate General of Animal Wealth, P.O. Box 567, 100 Muscat, Oman
| | - Maryne Jay
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yannick Corde
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yasmin ElTahir
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, P.O. Box 34, 123 Alkhod, Oman
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El Tahir Y, Elshafie EI, Asi MN, Al-Kharousi K, Al Toobi AG, Al-Wahaibi Y, Al-Marzooqi W. Detection of Residual Antibiotics and Their Differential Distribution in Broiler Chicken Tissues Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111305. [PMID: 34827243 PMCID: PMC8614859 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the residue levels of five commonly used antibiotics in poultry tissue samples using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 200 samples that comprised breast and liver (100 each) were collected from five poultry farms randomly selected from Muscat regions. The samples were analyzed for enrofloxacin (ENR), gentamicin (GEN), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and tylosin (TYL) residue concentrations. Comparisons of antibiotic residues between breast and liver of chickens under investigations showed a significant difference of ENR, GEN, OTC, SMZ, and TYL residue concentrations (p < 0.05). The highest antibiotic residue concentrations reported in the chicken liver were TYL, GEN, OTC, SMZ, and ENR, respectively. The lowest residual antibiotic concentrations observed in the chicken breast were TYL, GEN, OTC, SMZ, and ENR, respectively. Furthermore, the Kruskal–Wallis statistical test revealed a significant difference between the five antibiotic concentrations in both breast (H (4) = 54.69, p < 0.05) and liver (H (4) = 44.36, p < 0.05). A follow up of this finding by Bonferroni correction for both breast and liver samples revealed a significant difference for the breast sample between the concentration of ENR residue, and the concentration of residues for of both OTC and TYL (p < 0.05). These data show that not all tissues incorporate antibiotics at the same concentration. The results of this study could support regulatory bodies in adopting, monitoring, and enforcing guidelines pertinent to safety levels of different antibiotic residue concentrations in poultry meat when antibiotics are used for different indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin El Tahir
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (Y.E.T.); (E.I.E.); (M.N.A.); (K.A.-K.); (A.G.A.T.)
| | - Elshafie I. Elshafie
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (Y.E.T.); (E.I.E.); (M.N.A.); (K.A.-K.); (A.G.A.T.)
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Asi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (Y.E.T.); (E.I.E.); (M.N.A.); (K.A.-K.); (A.G.A.T.)
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (Y.E.T.); (E.I.E.); (M.N.A.); (K.A.-K.); (A.G.A.T.)
| | - Al Ghalya Al Toobi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (Y.E.T.); (E.I.E.); (M.N.A.); (K.A.-K.); (A.G.A.T.)
| | - Yahya Al-Wahaibi
- Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries, Directorate of Agriculture and Animal Wealth, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; (Y.E.T.); (E.I.E.); (M.N.A.); (K.A.-K.); (A.G.A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +968-24141289; Fax: +968-24413418
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Alqaisi O, Ali H, Al-Abri M, Johnson EH, Al-Marzooqi W. Effect of dietary concentrate content on feed intake, feed efficiency, and meat quality of Holstein steers fattened in a hot environment. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13547. [PMID: 33786940 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding high and low concentrate diets on feed intake and feed efficiency, the morphological characteristics of the rumen papillae, and meat quality of Holstein steers fattened under hot climate conditions in Oman. Ten male Holstein calves, of 5 months of age, were selected for the experiment. The animals were fed concentrate and Rhodes grass hay and were divided into two groups of high concentrate (HC, n = 5) and low concentrate diets (LC, n = 5), in which their feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency were evaluated across three growing periods. Feed intake and efficiency and average daily gain (ADG) of the HC group were significantly greater than for the LC group and were affected by the diet (p < .01) and the period (p < .001). Across the fattening periods, ADG declined in both groups, with ADG improved by 35% for steers on the HC diet compared to steers on the LC diet. Carcass meat quality was not affected significantly by the dietary concentrate level. In conclusion, our results can be used to make improvements in feed efficiency of Holstein steers under hot climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Alqaisi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammad Al-Abri
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Eugene H Johnson
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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ElTahir Y, Al-Farsi A, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Toobi A, Gaafar OM, Jay M, Corde Y, Bose S, Al-Hamrashdi A, Al-Kharousi K, Rajamony S, Asi MN, Al-Saqri N, AlBusaidi R, Elshafie EI, Johnson EH. Correction to: Investigation on Brucella infection in farm animals in Saham, Sultanate of Oman with reference to human brucellosis outbreak. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:98. [PMID: 32209109 PMCID: PMC7093990 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The original article [1] incorrectly presents final author, Eugene H. Johnson's name incorrectly whereby middle initial, 'H.' is mistakenly presented as a Family Name.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin ElTahir
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Anfal Al-Farsi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Alghalya Al-Toobi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Osman M Gaafar
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Maryne Jay
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yannick Corde
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Shekar Bose
- Department of Natural Resources Economics, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abeer Al-Hamrashdi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sunil Rajamony
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammed Nadeem Asi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nasseb Al-Saqri
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rudaina AlBusaidi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Elshafie I Elshafie
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Eugene H Johnson
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
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ElTahir Y, Al-Araimi A, Nair RR, Autio KJ, Tu H, Leo JC, Al-Marzooqi W, Johnson EH. Correction to: Binding of Brucella protein, Bp26, to select extracellular matrix molecules. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:16. [PMID: 32188398 PMCID: PMC7081579 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin ElTahir
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Amna Al-Araimi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Remya R Nair
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hongmin Tu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jack C Leo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0361, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Eugene H Johnson
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Maskari ZA, Al-Kharousi K, Johnson EH, El Tahir Y. Diversity of Intestinal Bacterial Microbiota of Indigenous and Commercial Strains of Chickens Using 16S rDNA-Based Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E391. [PMID: 32121097 PMCID: PMC7143395 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the relative abundance of bacteria microflora in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ilium, and cecum) of indigenous (local Omani) and commercial (Cobb 500) chicken strains. Birds were raised under an intensive management system fed a nonmedicated corn-soybean meal diet from Day 0-35 days of age. Using 16S rDNA-based analysis the study showed that in both breeds of birds Bacilli were the most abundant class of bacteria in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Local Omani chickens had significantly higher numbers of Clostridia at most time periods. Actinobacteria were found in higher numbers and reached 54.9% of the bacteria in the jejunum at Day 35 in Cobb 500 versus only 5.42% in the Omani chickens. The bacterial microbiota relative abundance differed significantly (p < 0.05) across different intestinal segments of the two strains, suggesting that each region developed its own bacterial community and the relative abundances of these were quite different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman (K.A.-K.); (E.H.J.); (Y.E.T.)
| | - Zeyana A.S. Al-Maskari
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman (K.A.-K.); (E.H.J.); (Y.E.T.)
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman (K.A.-K.); (E.H.J.); (Y.E.T.)
| | - Eugene H. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman (K.A.-K.); (E.H.J.); (Y.E.T.)
| | - Yasmin El Tahir
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman (K.A.-K.); (E.H.J.); (Y.E.T.)
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Johnson EH, Al-Amri ASH, Al-Abri M, Al-Marzooqi W. Ultrastructural morphology of lymphocytes of the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:425-429. [PMID: 32053854 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An ultrastructural study on the lymphocytes from peripheral blood samples from 20 healthy adult Arabian oryx (Oryx leucocoryx) was undertaken. Small lymphocytes ranged in size from 2-3.5 µm and exhibited the typical repertoire of organelles found in small lymphocytes of other animals but showed no evidence of azurophilic granules. Medium-sized lymphocytes were 5-6.5 µm in diameter and occasionally demonstrated azurophilic granules. Microvilli were a common finding of lymphocytes. Of particular interest was the presence of multivesicular bodies, which have previously only been described in human lymphocytes. Both small- and medium-sized lymphocytes of the Arabian oryx were smaller than those reported for other animals. Small lymphocytes exhibited short, thick microvilli, whereas medium-sized lymphocytes had long thin microvilli, a single nucleolus and occasionally azurophilic granules and multivesicular bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene H Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Saif Hilal Al-Amri
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
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12
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ElTahir Y, Al-Araimi A, Nair RR, Autio KJ, Tu H, Leo JC, Al-Marzooqi W, Johnson EH. Binding of Brucella protein, Bp26, to select extracellular matrix molecules. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:55. [PMID: 31783731 PMCID: PMC6884894 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for zoonotic disease brucellosis. Little is known about the molecular basis of Brucella adherence to host cells. In the present study, the possible role of Bp26 protein as an adhesin was explored. The ability of Brucella protein Bp26 to bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biolayer interferometry (BLI). RESULTS ELISA experiments showed that Bp26 bound in a dose-dependent manner to both immobilized type I collagen and vitronectin. Bp26 bound weakly to soluble fibronectin but did not bind to immobilized fibronectin. No binding to laminin was detected. Biolayer interferometry showed high binding affinity of Bp26 to immobilized type I collagen and no binding to fibronectin or laminin. Mapping of Bp26 antigenic epitopes by biotinylated overlapping peptides spanning the entire sequence of Bp26 using anti Bp26 mouse serum led to the identification of five linear epitopes. Collagen and vitronectin bound to peptides from several regions of Bp26, with many of the binding sites for the ligands overlapping. The strongest binding for anti-Bp26 mouse serum, collagen and vitronectin was to the peptides at the C-terminus of Bp26. Fibronectin did not bind to any of the peptides, although it bound to the whole Bp26 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the possible role of Bp26 protein in the adhesion process of Brucella to host cells through ECM components. This study revealed that Bp26 binds to both immobilized and soluble type I collagen and vitronectin. It also binds to soluble but not immobilized fibronectin. However, Bp26 does not bind to laminin. These are novel findings that offer insight into understanding the interplay between Brucella and host target cells, which may aid in future identification of a new target for diagnosis and/or vaccine development and prevention of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin ElTahir
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Amna Al-Araimi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Remya R Nair
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hongmin Tu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jack C Leo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0361, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Eugene H Johnson
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University. College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, P.O.box 34. 123 Alkhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Alqaisi O, Al-Jazmi F, Al-Abri M, Al Kalaldeh M, Al-Sabahi J, Al-Marzooqi W. Effect of diet quality and shearing on feed and water intake, in vitro ruminal methane production, and blood parameters of Omani sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1115-1124. [PMID: 31782122 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet and animal shearing on the feed and nutrient intakes, water intake, in vitro ruminal methane production, and blood parameters of Omani sheep. A pens trial was carried out for 16 days each in March and June of 2017 using 20 Omani non-castrated yearling rams selected from the sheep herd in the research station and randomly assigned to four groups with 5 animals per group. Group 1: sheared animals fed a high concentrate (HC) diet, group 2: fleeced animals fed a HC diet, group 3: sheared animals fed a low concentrate (LC) diet, group 4: fleeced animals fed a LC diet. Furthermore, a metabolic crates trial was carried out in July of 2017 on three animals from each group over a 10-day period. The effect of diet and shearing on the tested parameters was evaluated using the mixed linear model, where animals were fitted as a random effect to account for the individual animal deviation from the overall mean. Results showed that rams fed on the high concentrate diet had a significantly increased organic matter intake of the total diet (62 g/kg 0.75 Live Weight (LW) in HC group to 54 g/kg 0.75 LW in LC group), an increased water intake (6.3 L/day vs 4.8 L/day in LC group), and a reduced in vitro methane production (i.e. the invitro ruminal CH4 was measured and converted to daily CH4 using the daily feed intake data and was 20.4 g CH4 per head/day in HC group vs 27.3 g CH4 per head/day in LC group), compared with rams fed on the low concentrate diet. Furthermore, shearing had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on increased feed and nutrients intake. The apparent and organic matter digestibility was significantly different (P < 0.01) between the experimental groups and was greater for those rams fed on the HC diet. Partial substitution of low-quality Rhodes grass hay by high-quality concentrate significantly improved the total diet organic matter digestibility (P < 0.01) and nutrients digestibility, whereas no significant effects on biochemical blood parameters or animal health were observed. These results show the importance of utilizing effective feeding and shearing plans to improve the productivity and reduce the methane emission of Omani sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Alqaisi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Fatma Al-Jazmi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammad Al-Abri
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammad Al Kalaldeh
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Jamal Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman
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14
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Alqaisi O, Al-Abri M, Al-Abri A, Al-Marzooqi W. A comparison of milk production from Holstein Friesian and Jersey cattle breeds under hot climate of Oman. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1503-1506. [PMID: 31720950 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Data of milk production and performance under Oman climatic conditions are limited. The current study presents a 9-year analysis of daily milk performance of Holstein and Jersey cattle breeds born and raised in Oman and fed similar diets of concentrate and Rhodes grass hay. Data on the daily cow's milk production, during the entire lactation period for nine consecutive milking years between 2009 and 2018, were collected. The data was introduced to a linear mixed model and was analyzed to evaluate the breed variations in milk production across lactations and across years. Holstein Friesian (HF) cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher daily milk production of 17.6 ± 0.4 kg/cow/day compared to 11.7 ± 0.8 kg/cow/day for Jersey cows. Across years, we observed a gradual annual improvement in total milk production in both HF and Jersey breeds of 5% and 6%, respectively. The highest daily milk production was in the third and fourth lactations for HF cows and in the second and third lactations for Jersey cows. In a region where much of the expected demand in milk will be met by exotic breeds and importation, our results provide an insight into the performance of temperate breeds in hot and arid climatic conditions. As such, our results shall be useful for dairy producers seeking to maximize milk production under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Alqaisi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Mohammad Al-Abri
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdallah Al-Abri
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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ElTahir Y, Al-Farsi A, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Toobi A, M Gaafar O, Jay M, Corde Y, Bose S, Al-Hamrashdi A, Al-Kharousi K, Rajamony S, Asi MN, Al-Saqri N, AlBusaidi R, I Elshafie E, Johnson EH. Investigation on Brucella infection in farm animals in Saham, Sultanate of Oman with reference to human brucellosis outbreak. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:378. [PMID: 31660963 PMCID: PMC6819579 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate Brucella infection in farm animals in Saham, Oman, with reference to a survey carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries (MAF) for Brucellosis during the period of May to July 2016 in Saham, following an outbreak of human brucellosis. We wanted to apply different serological, bacteriological and molecular tests in a time frame (phase 1, 2 & 3) with reference to the pivotal time of a human brucellosis outbreak to ascertain the status of the disease in Saham area where the MAF survey was conducted. Blood samples were collected from farm animals and sera were screened in parallel for Brucella antibodies using different serological tests. Results Using the RBT test, phase 1 sera showed seropositivity in sheep at 2.6%, (95% CI: 0.5–13.5%), in camel (5.9%, 1.1–27.0%), but not in sera from goats and cattle (0%). Using I-ELISA, seropositivity in goat was 3.1% (0.6–15.8%), with no positive sheep and cattle. Using c-ELISA for camel we found a seropositivity of 5.9% (1.1–27.0%). Furthermore, CFT seropositivity in goats was 21.9% (CI: 11.3–38.9), cattle and sheep sera were negative and camel was 5.9% (1.1–27.0%). In phase 2, the seropositivity in goats was 1.9% (1.4–2.6%), sheep 4.5% (3.5–5.8%), cattle 1.1%, (0.5–2.3%) and camels 18.2% (5.1–47.7%), Phase 3 sera were collected 6 months after the human brucellosis outbreak. With RBT, the seropositivity in goats was 3% (1.0–8.5%), sheep 2% (0.6–7.1%) cattle 1% (0.2–5.5%). With I-ELISA, goats & camels were negative, sheep were 3% (1.0–8.5%) and cattle 1% (0.2–5.5%). Moreover, B. melitensis was isolated from a bronchial lymph node of the RBT and I-ELISA seropositive cow and confirmed by Multiplex PCR and biochemical tests. Conclusion Using a retrospective study analysis of animal sera and following up after a human brucellosis outbreak, the present study showed a slight decrease in seropositivity of infected animals after the MAF implemented test and slaughter policy. The most interesting finding in this study was the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Brucella melitensis in a cow (spillover), which is not a preferential host for Brucella melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin ElTahir
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Anfal Al-Farsi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Alghalya Al-Toobi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Osman M Gaafar
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Maryne Jay
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yannick Corde
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Shekar Bose
- Department of Natural Resources Economics, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abeer Al-Hamrashdi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kaadhia Al-Kharousi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sunil Rajamony
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammed Nadeem Asi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nasseb Al-Saqri
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rudaina AlBusaidi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Elshafie I Elshafie
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Eugene H Johnson
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.box 34, 123, Alkhod, Sultanate of Oman
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Al-Abri AS, Mahgoub O, Kadim IT, Al-Marzooqi W, Goddard SR. Effects of feeding fish–wheat bran meal on performance and meat quality of Omani sheep. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1150843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Al-Abri
- Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Osman Mahgoub
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Isam T. Kadim
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Stephen R. Goddard
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
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Al-Abri AS, Mahgoub O, Kadim IT, Al-Marzooqi W, Goddard SJ, Al-Farsi M. Processing and evaluation of nutritive value of fish silage for feeding Omani sheep. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.875909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahgoub O, Kadim I, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Lawatia S, Al-Abri A. Non-carcass components in omani camels (Camelus dromedarius) raised under various levels of feed intake. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2014.00007.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mahgoub O, Kadim IT, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Lawatia SA, Al-Abri AS. Effects of feed intake of a complete concentrate diet on performance of omani camels raised under stall-feeding. J CAMEL PRACT RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/2277-8934.2014.00004.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kadim IT, Al-Karousi A, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Khalaf SK, Al-Maqbali RS, Al-Sinani SSH, Raiymbek G. Chemical composition, quality and histochemical characteristics of individual dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) muscles. Meat Sci 2012; 93:564-71. [PMID: 23273465 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the chemical composition, quality and histological traits of six muscles from 10 dromedary carcasses. There were significant differences in moisture, fat, protein, mineral, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents between muscles. The longissimus thoracis (LT) had the highest cooking loss (33.5%) and triceps brachii (TB) the lowest (29.2%). The shear force value of semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and biceps femoris (BF) were significantly higher than infraspinatus (IS), TB and LT. The LT had significantly higher values for L*, a*, b* than ST. The SM had the lowest MFI (65.3), while IS had the highest value (75.8). The ST significantly had the highest and lowest proportions of Type I and Type IIA muscle fibers, respectively than other muscles. This study indicated that composition, quality, and histochemical parameters varied among camel muscles and the knowledge of this variation allows for better marketing and processing of camel meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Kadim
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34 Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman.
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Mahgoub O, Babiker HA, Kadim IT, Al-Kindi M, Hassan S, Al-Marzooqi W, Eltahir YE, Al-Abri MA, Al-Khayat A, Al-Sinani KR, Hilal Al-Khanjari H, Costa V, Chen S, Beja-Pereira A. Disclosing the origin and diversity of Omani cattle. Anim Genet 2012; 44:336-9. [PMID: 22957920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among all livestock species, cattle have a prominent status as they have contributed greatly to the economy, nutrition and culture from the beginning of farming societies until the present time. The origins and diversity of local cattle breeds have been widely assessed. However, there are still some regions for which very little of their local genetic resources is known. The present work aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and the origins of Omani cattle. Located in the south-eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, close to the Near East, East Africa and the Indian subcontinent, the Sultanate of Oman occupies a key position, which may enable understanding cattle dispersal around the Indian Ocean. To disclose the origin of this cattle population, we used a set of 11 polymorphic microsatellites and 113 samples representing the European, African and Indian ancestry to compare with cattle from Oman. This study found a very heterogenic population with a markedly Bos indicus ancestry and with some degree of admixture with Bos taurus of African and Near East origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mahgoub
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
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Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Khalaf S, Al-Sinawi SSH, Al-Amri I. Effects of transportation during the hot season, breed and electrical stimulation on histochemical and meat quality characteristics of goat longissimus muscle. Anim Sci J 2010; 81:352-61. [PMID: 20597893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2009.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of transportation and electrical stimulation (90 V) on physiological, histochemical and meat quality characteristics of two breeds of Omani goats were assessed. Twenty 1-year-old male goats from each breed (Batina and Dhofari) were divided into two groups: 3 h transported during the hot season (42 degrees C day time temperature) and non-transported. Animals were blood-sampled before loading and prior to slaughter. Electrical stimulation was applied 20 min postmortem to 50% randomly selected carcasses of both breeds. Temperature and pH decline of the Longissimus was monitored. Ultimate pH, shear force, sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index, expressed juice, cooking loss and colour were measured from samples of Longissimus dorsi muscles. Electrical stimulation and transportation had a significant effect on most biochemical and meat quality characteristics of Longissimus dorsi. The transported goats had higher plasma cortisol (P < 0.01), adrenaline, nor-adrenaline and dopamine concentrations (P < 0.05) than non-transported goats. Electrical stimulation resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) more rapid muscle pH fall during the first 12 h after slaughter. Muscles from electrically-stimulated carcasses had significantly (P < 0.05) longer sarcomeres, lower shear force value, a lighter colour (higher L* value), higher expressed juice and myofibrillar fragmentation index than those from non-stimulated ones. Meat from transported goats had significantly higher pH, expressed juice and shear force, but contained significantly lower sarcomere length and L* values than non-transported goats. The proportion of the myosin ATPase staining did not change as a function of stimulation, transportation or breed. These results indicated that subjecting goats to transportation for 3 h under high ambient temperatures can generate major physiological and muscle metabolism responses. Electrical stimulation improved quality characteristics of meat from both groups. This indicates that electrical stimulation may reduce detrimental effects of transportation on meat quality of Omani goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isam T Kadim
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Farsi MA, Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, Goddard JS. The Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Sardine Fish Silage on Broiler Performance, Meat Quality and Sensory Characteristics under Closed and Open-sided Housing Systems. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kadim I, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Khalaf S, Al-Sinawi S, Al-Amri I. Effects of transportation during the hot season and low voltage electrical stimulation on histochemical and meat quality characteristics of sheep longissimus muscle. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al-Marzooqi W, Wiseman J. Effect of extrusion under controlled temperature and moisture conditions on ileal apparent amino acid and starch digestibility in peas determined with young broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Khalaf SK, Mansour MH, Al-Sinani SSH, Al-Amri IS. Effects of electrical stimulation on histochemical muscle fiber staining, quality, and composition of camel and cattle Longissimus thoracis muscles. J Food Sci 2009; 74:S44-52. [PMID: 19200120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of electrical stimulation on muscle fiber type, meat quality, and composition of Longissimus thoracis muscles from one-humped camels and Dofari Omani cattle of a comparable age range were investigated. A low-voltage electrical stimulation with 90 V, 14 Hz (pulse of 7.5-millisecond duration every 70 milliseconds) 20 min postmortem was applied. Samples from the left muscle were collected from 20 (2 to 3 y) camels and 24 cattle (1 to 3 y). For chemical composition, muscle samples were dried in a freeze dryer, and then ground to determine moisture, protein, fat, and ash. Macro- and micro-minerals were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer. Quality characteristics of the meat were evaluated using shear force value, pH, sarcomere, myofibrillar fragmentation index, expressed juice, cooking loss percent, and CIE L*, a*, b* color values. Electrical stimulation resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) more rapid pH fall in the muscle during the first 24 h after slaughter in both species. Muscles from electrically stimulated carcasses had significantly (P < 0.05) lower ultimate pH, longer sarcomere, and lower shear force values than those from nonstimulated carcasses. Lightness (L*), myofibrillar fragmentation, and expressed juice were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for stimulated than for nonstimulated muscles. Muscles of camels had significantly (P < 0.05) higher expressed juice, cooking loss percent, redness color (a*), and lower fat, Mg, K, and P than those from cattle. Electrical stimulation improved quality characteristics of meat from both species. This indicates that meat quality of local camel and cattle can be improved by electrical stimulation and consequently improves their acceptability to consumers and better marketability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Kadim
- Dept. of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos Univ., Al-Khoud, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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Kadim I, Al-Hosni Y, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Khalaf S, Al-Maqbaly R, Al-Sinawi S, Al-Amri I. Effect of low voltage electrical stimulation on biochemical and quality characteristics of Longissimus thoracis muscle from one-humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries). Meat Sci 2009; 82:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, AlKindi AY, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Saqri NM, Almaney M, Mahmoud IY. Effect of Transportation at High Ambient Temperatures on Physiological Responses, Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics in Two Age Groups of Omani Sheep. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kadim I, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Al-Zadjali S, Annamalai K, Mansour M. Effects of age on composition and quality of muscle Longissimus thoracis of the Omani Arabian camel (Camelus dromedaries). Meat Sci 2006; 73:619-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tabook NM, Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W. The effect of date fibre supplemented with an exogenous enzyme on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2006; 47:73-82. [PMID: 16546800 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500475160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of date fibre as a partial replacement of maize as a source of energy for growing broiler chicken. In experiment 1, date fibre was given alone to determine apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and crude fibre. 2. Date fibre had lower AME content (8.7 vs 13.6 MJ/kg) and apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for dry matter (0.35 vs 0.83), crude fibre (0.20 vs 0.54) and amino acids. 3. Based on the results of experiment 1, a growth study was conducted to test the effect of exogenous enzymes on the nutritive value of date fibre (experiment 2). 4. Three date fibre contents (5, 10 and 15%) with and without enzyme supplementation were evaluated. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of experiment 2, 160 birds were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate carcase and meat quality traits as well as measuring ileal viscosity. 5. Substitution of maize by 10 and 15% date fibre significantly depressed AME. Enzyme supplementation did not improve crude fibre digestibility. The inclusion of date fibre in the diets except at 5% decreased average daily gains, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. 6. Addition of date fibre caused a significant increase in the weights of total digestive tract, pancreas and caecum. Addition of date fibre or the exogenous enzyme had no significant effect on carcase or meat quality characteristics. 7. Date fibre increased ileal digesta viscosity compared to the control. Addition of the exogenous enzyme decreased the viscosity of the basal diets but had no effect on the date fibre diets.8. This study indicated that date fibre can be included at levels of 5% in broiler diets without affecting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Tabook
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Kadim IT, Mahgoub O, Al-Marzooqi W, Annamalai K. Prediction of Crude Protein, Extractable Fat, Calcium and Phosphorus Contents of Broiler Chicken Carcasses Using Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2005.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to test a previously described anorexic effect of graded dietary supplements of Pancreatic lipase enzyme on gut structure, gastric motility, and long-term performance of broiler chicks. In Experiment 1, dietary Pancreatic enzyme was used at graded levels of 0, 0.214, 0.429, 0.643, 0.857, and 1.071% to test the effect of this enzyme on gut structure, whereas Experiment 2 was designed to test its effect at 0, 0.268, 0.536, 0.804, 1.071, and 1.339% on gastric motility. The histological examination of the small intestine and a cineradiographic study of birds fed diets supplemented with lipase enzyme failed to detect any difference in gut structure, and there was no apparent adverse effect on gastric motility. Experiment 3 was conducted to test the effect of graded supplements of Pancreatic enzyme on performance of 300 male broiler chicks raised for 6 wk to determine whether the enzyme had any long-term effect on performance characteristics, especially feed intake. Only starter diets (0 to 21 d) were supplemented with 0, 0.375, 0.750, or 1.125% enzyme, and each diet was represented by three replicate pens of 25 male chicks each. Subsequent diets did not contain any enzyme. During the first 3 wk, increased dietary concentration of lipase enzyme caused a linear reduction of feed intake and body weight gain (P < 0.01). At 21 d the percentage weight of the liver was significantly greater with 1.125% enzyme (P < 0.01). However, added enzyme had no effect on 21 to 42 d or 1 to 42 d growth or feed intake (P > 0.05) or on the size of any internal organs examined at 42 d. Pancreatic enzyme has previously been shown to improve fat digestion and increase diet AMEn for young chicks fed animal-vegetable blended fats. These positive effects, however, are associated with marked anorexia, and from the present study, it seems that this effect was not related to physical changes in gut histology or in prolonged digesta transit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Marzooqi W, Leeson S. Evaluation of dietary supplements of lipase, detergent, and crude porcine pancreas on fat utilization by young broiler chicks. Poult Sci 1999; 78:1561-6. [PMID: 10560829 DOI: 10.1093/ps/78.11.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of Experiment 1 was to improve the digestibility of fat through the use of supplemental lipase enzymes. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments involving two levels of animal-vegetable blend fat (AV) (4 and 8%) and three enzyme treatments, namely none; Pancreatic, 0.714%; and Pancreatin, 0.714%, were randomly allocated within a battery brooder. There was an increase in diet ME and apparent fat digestibility when Pancreatic and Pancreatin enzymes were used (P < 0.01). However, both enzymes caused lower feed intake and lower BW gain (P < 0.01). In Experiment 2, Pancreatic enzyme was used at graded levels of 0, 0.214, 0.429, 0.643, 0.857, and 1.071%, involving 4% dietary AV fat. The ME values were greater as the enzyme level increased (P < 0.01). However, as found in Experiment 1 lower feed intake and BW gain were observed with all enzyme levels compared with the control group. There was a linear effect on feed intake and BW gain (P < 0.01) and a quadratic effect on apparent fat digestibility (P < 0.05) and feed utilization (P < 0.01). Experiment 3 was designed to test the effect of Pancreatic enzyme at 0 or 1.339% in combination with two levels of detergent, namely 0 and 10% (with 4% added AV). The detergent used consisted of a mixture of 95% Span 60 and 5% Tween 60. In general, there was no significant effect of detergent (P > 0.05). Experiment 4 was conducted to test the effect of supplementation of graded levels of ground crude porcine pancreas at 0, 0.321, 0.535, 0.750, 0.964, 1.178, or 1.392% of the diet on performance of male broiler chicks to confirm the anorexic effect caused by supplementing with Pancreatic enzyme. In general, there was no significant effect of feeding crude porcine pancreas on the performance of male broiler chicks (P > 0.05). In these studies, lipase enzymes improved fat digestion, although it is suspected that associated reduced feed intake may be associated with contaminants such as cholecystokinin hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Al-Marzooqi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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