1
|
Elahikhah M, Haidari F, Khalesi S, Shahbazian H, Mohammadshahi M, Aghamohammadi V. Milk protein concentrate supplementation improved appetite, metabolic parameters, adipocytokines, and body composition in dieting women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:80. [PMID: 38831442 PMCID: PMC11149337 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy consumption is associated with many health benefits. However, to our knowledge, no clinical trials examined the effects of milk protein concentrate (MPC) on metabolic health in overweight and obese adults. This study investigated the effect of supplementation with MPC on glycaemic status, lipid profile, biomarkers of inflammation, and anthropometric measurements in women with obesity under a weight loss diet. METHODS This is a single-blind, open-labelled, parallel-group, randomized trial. Forty-four healthy women with obesity were randomized into a control (n = 22) or MPC (n = 22) group. Participants in the MPC group were supplemented with 30 g of MPC per day for 8 weeks. Both groups were on a calorie-restricted diet plan with 800 Kcal lower intakes than their needs. Blood samples, dietary intake, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS MPC group had a significantly lower body mass index (P = 0.009), waist circumference (P = 0.013), fat mass (P = 0.021), appetite score (P = 0.002), fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.027), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.025), and leptin (P = 0.014) levels and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001) and adiponectin (P = 0.032) compared to the control group after supplementation. Lean body mass, total cholesterol, and triglyceride did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Daily intake of 30 g of MPC for 8 weeks may improve several anthropometric and metabolic markers in women with obesity under a hypocaloric diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Elahikhah
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haidari
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Saman Khalesi
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hajieh Shahbazian
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Role of High Energy Breakfast "Big Breakfast Diet" in Clock Gene Regulation of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051558. [PMID: 34063109 PMCID: PMC8148179 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is strongly linked with the future development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hence, reducing postprandial glycemic excursions is essential in T2D treatment to slow progressive deficiency of β-cell function and prevent cardiovascular complications. Most of the metabolic processes involved in PPHG, i.e., β-cell secretory function, GLP-1 secretion, insulin sensitivity, muscular glucose uptake, and hepatic glucose production, are controlled by the circadian clock and display daily oscillation. Consequently, postprandial glycemia displays diurnal variation with a higher glycemic response after meals with the same carbohydrate content, consumed at dusk compared to the morning. T2D and meal timing schedule not synchronized with the circadian clock (i.e., skipping breakfast) are associated with disrupted clock gene expression and is linked to PPHG. In contrast, greater intake in the morning (i.e., high energy breakfast) than in the evening has a resetting effect on clock gene oscillations and beneficial effects on weight loss, appetite, and reduction of PPHG, independently of total energy intake. Therefore, resetting clock gene expression through a diet intervention consisting of meal timing aligned to the circadian clock, i.e., shifting most calories and carbohydrates to the early hours of the day, is a promising therapeutic approach to improve PPHG in T2D. This review will focus on recent studies, showing how a high-energy breakfast diet (Bdiet) has resetting and synchronizing actions on circadian clock genes expression, improving glucose metabolism, postprandial glycemic excursions along with weight loss in T2D.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fraile-Bermúdez AB, Kortajarena M, Zarrazquin I, Irazusta A, Fernandez-Atutxa A, Ruiz-Litago F, Yanguas JJ, Gil J, Irazusta J. Physical activity and dietary habits related to cardiovascular risk in independent community-living older women. Exp Gerontol 2017; 92:46-51. [PMID: 28315394 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A side effect of increased life expectancy is a surge in sequelae of diseases and injuries, which in turn increase the duration of life with disability among the elderly. The aim of this study was to ascertain the physical activity and nutritional parameters that better predict cardiovascular risk in a cohort of older women. A cross-sectional study was designed including 65 women able to independently perform basic activities of daily life. Data collection included anthropometric measurement, blood pressure measurement, blood analytics, objectively measurement of physical activity, and dietary assessment. We were able to generate models that explain the relationship between physical activity, diet, and these health measurement parameters. We observed that the combination of moderate physical activity and a diet including protein-rich foods as nuts, dairy, and eggs were better predictors associated with favorable changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease than age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Fraile-Bermúdez
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M Kortajarena
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - I Zarrazquin
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - A Irazusta
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - A Fernandez-Atutxa
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - F Ruiz-Litago
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J J Yanguas
- Matia Instituto Gerontologico Foundation, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - J Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feeney EL, O'Sullivan A, Nugent AP, McNulty B, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney ER. Patterns of dairy food intake, body composition and markers of metabolic health in Ireland: results from the National Adult Nutrition Survey. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e243. [PMID: 28218736 PMCID: PMC5360859 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies examining the association between dairy consumption and metabolic health have shown mixed results. This may be due, in part, to the use of different definitions of dairy, and to single types of dairy foods examined in isolation. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine associations between dairy food intake and metabolic health, identify patterns of dairy food consumption and determine whether dairy dietary patterns are associated with outcomes of metabolic health, in a cross-sectional survey. Design: A 4-day food diary was used to assess food and beverage consumption, including dairy (defined as milk, cheese, yogurt, cream and butter) in free-living, healthy Irish adults aged 18–90 years (n=1500). Fasting blood samples (n=897) were collected, and anthropometric measurements taken. Differences in metabolic health markers across patterns and tertiles of dairy consumption were tested via analysis of covariance. Patterns of dairy food consumption, of different fat contents, were identified using cluster analysis. Results: Higher (total) dairy was associated with lower body mass index, %body fat, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (P<0.001), and lower systolic (P=0.02) and diastolic (P<0.001) blood pressure. Similar trends were observed when milk and yogurt intakes were considered separately. Higher cheese consumption was associated with higher C-peptide (P<0.001). Dietary pattern analysis identified three patterns (clusters) of dairy consumption; 'Whole milk', 'Reduced fat milks and yogurt' and 'Butter and cream'. The 'Reduced fat milks and yogurt' cluster had the highest scores on a Healthy Eating Index, and lower-fat and saturated fat intakes, but greater triglyceride levels (P=0.028) and total cholesterol (P=0.015). conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that while milk and yogurt consumption is associated with a favourable body phenotype, the blood lipid profiles are less favourable when eaten as part of a low-fat high-carbohydrate dietary pattern. More research is needed to better understand this association. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that although milk and yogurt consumption is associated with a favourable body phenotype, the blood lipid profiles are less favourable when eaten as part of a low-fat high-carbohydrate dietary pattern. More research is needed to better understand this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Feeney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A P Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Walton
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Flynn
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santiago S, Sayón-Orea C, Babio N, Ruiz-Canela M, Martí A, Corella D, Estruch R, Fitó M, Aros F, Ros E, Gómez-García E, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Becerra-Tomás N, Salas-Salvadó J, Pinto X, Schröder H, Martínez JA. Yogurt consumption and abdominal obesity reversion in the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:468-475. [PMID: 26988650 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence on the association yogurt consumption and obesity is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the association between yogurt consumption, reversion of abdominal obesity status and waist circumference change in elderly. METHODS AND RESULTS 4545 individuals at high cardiovascular risk were prospectively followed. Total, whole-fat and low-fat yogurt consumption were assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between yogurt consumption and waist circumference change (measured at baseline and yearly during the follow-up). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the reversion rate of abdominal obesity for each quintile of yogurt consumption compared with the lowest quintile. After multivariable adjustment, the average yearly waist circumference change in the quintiles of whole-fat yogurt consumption was: Q1: 0.00, Q2: 0.00 (-0.23 to 0.23), Q3: -0.15 (-0.42 to 0.13), Q4: 0.10 (-0.21 to 0.42), and Q5: -0.23 (-0.46 to -0.00) cm; p for trend = 0.05. The ORs for the reversion of abdominal obesity for whole-fat yogurt consumption were Q1: 1.00, Q2: 1.40 (1.04-1.90), Q3: 1.33 (0.94-1.89), Q4: 1.21 (0.83-1.77), and Q5: 1.43 (1.06-1.93); p for trend = 0.26. CONCLUSION Total yogurt consumption was not significantly associated with reversion of abdominal obesity status and a lower waist circumference. However, consumption of whole-fat yogurt was associated with changes in waist circumference and higher probability for reversion of abdominal obesity. Therefore, it seems that whole-fat yogurt has more beneficial effects in management of abdominal obesity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Santiago
- Dept. of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - C Sayón-Orea
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Babio
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Canela
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Martí
- Dept. of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - D Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Aros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - E Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ll Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Research Institut of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - N Becerra-Tomás
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - X Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Schröder
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- Dept. of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of dietary milk- and soya-phospholipids on lipid-parameters and other risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases in overweight or obese men - two double-blind, randomised, controlled, clinical trials. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e21. [PMID: 27293558 PMCID: PMC4891556 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of milk phospholipids (milk-PL) on lipid metabolism and on other risk factors for CVD, in comparison with milk fat (control) or soya phospholipids (soya-PL), respectively. Two double-blind parallel-group intervention trials were conducted in overweight or obese male subjects. In the first trial (trial 1), sixty-two men consumed milk enriched with either 2 g milk-PL or 2 g milk fat (control) for 8 weeks. In trial 2, fifty-seven men consumed milk enriched with either 3 g milk-PL or 2·8 g soya-PL for 7 weeks. In trial 1, milk-PL as compared with control reduced waist circumference but did not affect plasma lipids (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG, phospholipids), apoB, apoA1, glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity index, C-reactive protein, IL-6, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule and total homocysteine (tHcy). Serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were not changed. Activity of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver, increased in the control but not in the milk-PL group, with a significant intervention effect. In trial 2, milk-PL as compared with soya-PL did not affect the above-mentioned parameters, but decreased GGT. Subjects with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations CT and TT had 11 % (P < 0·05) higher baseline tHcy concentrations than those with the wild-type CC. However, genotype did not modulate the phospholipid intervention effect on tHcy. In conclusion, supplementation with milk-PL as compared with control fat reduced waist circumference and, as compared with both control fat and soya-PL, GGT activity.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase
- HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
- Human nutrition
- LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol
- MFGM, milk fat globule membrane
- MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Milk phospholipids
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PL, phospholipid
- Plasma lipids
- SM, sphingomyelin
- Soya phospholipids
- TC, total cholesterol
- tHcy, total homocysteine
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu L, Xun P, Wan Y, He K, Cai W. Long-term association between dairy consumption and risk of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:414-23. [PMID: 26862005 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Data from small-scale, short-term, clinical trials suggest a beneficial effect of dairy consumption on the risk of childhood obesity; however, the long-term association is unclear. Therefore, we aim to examine the longitudinal association between dairy consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE through March 2015. Additional studies were retrieved via Google Scholar or a hand review of the reference lists from relevant articles. Pooled associations of interest were estimated by using a random-effects model. The heterogeneity for each pooled analysis was evaluated by I(2) statistic as well as by Cochran's Q test. Publication bias was assessed by using both Egger's and Begg's tests. RESULTS Ten studies comprising 46,011 children and adolescents with an average 3-year follow-up were included. As compared with those who were in the lowest group of dairy consumption, children in the highest intake group were 38% less likely to have childhood overweight/obesity (pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.80). With each 1 serving/day increment in dairy consumption, the percentage of body fat was reduced by 0.65% (β=0.65; 95% CI: -1.35, 0.06; P=0.07), and the risk of overweight/obesity was 13% lower (OR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Accumulated evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests that dairy consumption is inversely and longitudinally associated with the risk of childhood overweight/obesity. Further studies are warranted to examine the types of dairy products in relation to the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - P Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - K He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - W Cai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The role of higher protein diets in weight control and obesity-related comorbidities. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:721-6. [PMID: 25540980 PMCID: PMC4424378 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the relative dietary content of protein, carbohydrate and the type of carbohydrate (that is, glycemic index (GI)) for weight control under ad libitum conditions has been controversial owing to the lack of large scale studies with high diet adherence. The Diet, Obesity and Genes (DioGenes) European multicentre trial examined the importance of a slight increase in dietary protein content, reduction in carbohydrate and the importance of choosing low (LGI) vs high GI (HGI) carbohydrates for weight control in 932 obese families. Only the adults underwent a diet of 800 kcal per day for 8 weeks, and after losing ~11kg they were randomized to one of five energy ad libitum diets for 6 months. The diets differed in protein content and GI. The high-protein (HP) diet groups consumed 5.4% points more energy from protein than the normal protein (NP) groups, and the LGI diet groups achieved 5.1% lower GI than the HGI groups. The effect of HP and LGI was additive on weight loss and maintenance, and the combination was successful in preventing weight regain and reducing drop-out rate among the adults after the 11kg weight loss. This diet also reduced body fatness and prevalence of overweight and obesity among their children and had consistent beneficial effects on blood pressure, blood lipids and inflammation in both parents and children. After 1 year, mainly the HP effects were maintained. Putative genes have been identified that suggest this diet to be particularly effective in 67% of the population. In conclusion, the DioGenes diet has shown to be effective for prevention of weight regain and for weight reduction in overweight children under ad libitum conditions. The less-restrictive dietary approach fits into a normal food culture, and has been translated into popular diet and cook books in several languages.
Collapse
|
9
|
Da Silva MS, Julien P, Couture P, Lemieux S, Vohl MC, Rudkowska I. Associations between dairy intake and metabolic risk parameters in a healthy French-Canadian population. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1323-31. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies support that dairy product intake is associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes; however, several clinical studies report conflicting results on the association between dairy product consumption and metabolic parameters. The aim of this study was to determine associations between dairy product consumption and metabolic profile. Dietary data, using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and fasting blood samples were collected from 233 French Canadians. Plasma phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. Subjects consumed 2.5 ± 1.4 portions of dairy products daily, including 1.6 ± 1.3 portions of low-fat (LF) and 0.90 ± 0.70 portions of high-fat (HF) dairy products. Trans-palmitoleic acid level in plasma PL was related to HF dairy consumption (r = 0.15; p = 0.04). Total (r = –0.21; p = 0.001) and LF dairy (r = –0.20; p = 0.003) intakes were inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose level. Total dairy intake was inversely associated to systolic blood pressure (r = –0.17; p = 0.008) and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.14; p = 0.03). LF dairy intake was also inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = –0.17; p = 0.009). Total dairy intake was correlated with plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.15; p = 0.03). No association was found between HF dairy consumption and the risk factors studied. In conclusion, dairy intake is inversely associated with glycaemia and blood pressure; yet, it may modify CRP levels. Moreover, trans-palmitoleic FA levels in plasma PL may be potentially used to assess full-fat dairy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine S. Da Silva
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), 2440 boul. Hochelaga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center, 2705 boul. Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perez-Cornago A, van Baak MA, Saris WHM, Martínez JA, Astrup A. The Role of Protein and Carbohydrates for Long-Term Weight Control: Lessons from the Diogenes Trial. Curr Nutr Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|