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Barroso LN, Salarini J, Leite NC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Dávalos A, Carmo MDGT, Ferreira Peres WA. Effect of fish oil supplementation on the concentration of miRNA-122, FGF-21 and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:117-125. [PMID: 37739645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To date, no specific drugs are available for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though the effect of fish oil supplementation on improving fibrosis in patients with NAFLD has been evaluated. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may modulate the concentration of microRNAs (miRNAs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, which have been identified as non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis. The present study aims to evaluate whether n-3 PUFA supplementation can modulate miRNA-122 and FGF-21 and improve liver fibrosis and steatosis, measured by transient hepatic elastography (THE), in individuals with NAFLD. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the effect of 4 g/day supplementation of fish oil (2100 mg EPA and 924 mg DHA) in patients with NAFLD over a 6-month period. Fifty-two patients aged >19 years will be randomly assigned to either a placebo (olive oil) or treatment (fish oil) group. Anthropometric data, food intake, physical activity, body composition, resting energy expenditure (evaluated using indirect calorimetry), liver enzymes, platelets, lipids and glucose profile, inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein, neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios), miRNA-122 and FGF-21 concentration, and incorporation of fatty acids into the erythrocyte membrane (analyzed using gas chromatography) as well as the degree of liver fibrosis and steatosis assessed using THE (Fibroscan® Touch 502, Paris, France) and liver biomarkers Steato-Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, Fatty Liver Index, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, Fibrosis-4 score, and FibroScan-AST score will be evaluated at the beginning and end of the treatment. Continuous variables with normal distribution will be compared between placebo and intervention groups using Student's T test for independent samples; continuous non-parametric variables will be compared using Dunn or Mann-Whitney test. Associations between categorical variables will be analyzed using the chi-square test, and within-group differences will be evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. The criterion for determining significance will be set at 5%. CONCLUSION The present study protocol will investigate the supplementation of EPA-rich fish oil as an alternative treatment for NAFLD and its feasibility in affecting the concentration of miRNA-122 and FGF-21 markers. Its findings will offer valuable contributions to the literature. REGISTRATION ReBEC number RBR-8dp876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia N Barroso
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jessica Salarini
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
- School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Villela-Nogueira
- School of (M)edicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255 - University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares Carmo
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 367/CCS - Block J2, University City-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Siddiqui S, Upadhyay S, Ahmad R, Barkat MA, Jamal A, Alothaim AS, Hassan MZ, Rahman MA, Arshad M, Ahamad T, Khan MF, Shankar H, Ali M, Kaleem S, Ahmad J. Interaction of Bioactive Compounds of Moringa oleifera Leaves with SARS-CoV-2 Proteins to Combat COVID-19 Pathogenesis: a Phytochemical and In Silico Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5918-5944. [PMID: 35838886 PMCID: PMC9283843 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Novel SARS-CoV-2 claimed a large number of human lives. The main proteins for viral entry into host cells are SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) and spike receptor-binding domain bound with ACE2 (spike RBD-ACE2; PDB ID: 6M0J). Currently, specific therapies are lacking globally. This study was designed to investigate the bioactive components from Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and their binding interactions with spike glycoprotein and spike RBD-ACE2 protein through computational analysis. GC–MS-based analysis unveiled the presence of thirty-seven bioactive components in MOL extract, viz. polyphenols, fatty acids, terpenes/triterpenes, phytosterols/steroids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. These bioactive phytoconstituents showed potential binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and spike RBD-ACE2 protein through the AutoDock 4.2 tool. Further by using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina, the top sixteen hits (binding energy ≥ − 6.0 kcal/mol) were selected, and these might be considered as active biomolecules. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation was determined by the Desmond module. Interestingly two biomolecules, namely β-tocopherol with spike glycoprotein and β-sitosterol with spike RBD-ACE2, displayed the best interacting complexes and low deviations during 100-ns simulation, implying their strong stability and compactness. Remarkably, both β-tocopherol and β-sitosterol also showed the drug- likeness with no predicted toxicity. In conclusion, these findings suggested that both compounds β-tocopherol and β-sitosterol may be developed as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The current findings of in silico approach need to be optimized using in vitro and clinical studies to prove the effectiveness of phytomolecules against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Shivbrat Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Zaheen Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Hari Shankar
- Research Cell, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarjeel Kaleem
- Avadh Institute of Medical Technologies & Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Jalal Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
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Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis B—An Update. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071265. [PMID: 35888983 PMCID: PMC9318593 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of oxidative stress has been investigated in an increasing number of infections. There is a close link between the inflammation that accompanies infections and oxidative stress. Excessive reactive oxygen species induce harmful effects on cell components, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence attests to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of viral liver infections, especially in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the data are limited, but important progress has been achieved in recent years. This review presents the latest advances pertaining to the role of the oxidative stress byproducts in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, constituting a source of potential new markers for the evaluation and monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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4
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Postnikov PV, Efimova YA, Pronina IV. Circulating MicroRNAs as a New Class of Biomarkers of Physiological Reactions of the Organism to the Intake of Dietary Supplements and Drugs. Microrna 2022; 11:25-35. [PMID: 35466889 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220422123437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of individual microRNAs (miRNAs) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for the effective treatment of various diseases has aroused particular interest in the scientific community. The determination of circulating miRNAs makes it possible to assess biological changes associated with nutritional processes, the intake of dietary supplements and drugs, etc. The profile of circulating miRNAs reflects the individual adaptation of the organism to the effect of specific environmental conditions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to systematize the data and show the importance of circulating miRNAs as new potential biomarkers of the organism's response to the intake of various dietary supplements, drugs, and consider the possibility of their use in doping control. METHODS A systematic analysis of scientific publications (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) on the miRNA expression profile in response to the intake of dietary supplements and drugs most often used by athletes, and supposed their role as potential markers in modern doping control was carried out. RESULTS The profile of circulating miRNAs is highly dependent on the intake of a particular drug, and, therefore, may be used as a marker of the effects of biologically active supplements and drugs including the substances from the Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). CONCLUSION Monitoring of circulating miRNAs can serve as a high-precision marker for detecting doping abuse in elite sports. However, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on the effect of complex drugs on the profile of circulating miRNAs and individual circulating miRNAs on a particular biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Postnikov
- National Antidoping Laboratory (Institute), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Efimova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Pronina
- National Antidoping Laboratory (Institute), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Pathogenomics, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
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Microalgal Co-Cultivation Prospecting to Modulate Vitamin and Bioactive Compounds Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091360. [PMID: 34572991 PMCID: PMC8468856 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology is gaining importance. However, key issues in the pipeline from species selection towards large biomass production still require improvements to maximize the yield and lower the microalgal production costs. This study explores a co-cultivation strategy to improve the bioactive compounds richness of the harvested microalgal biomass. Based on their biotechnological potential, two diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi, Cyclotella cryptica) and one eustigmatophyte (Nannochloropsis oceanica) were grown alone or in combination. Concentrations of ten vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D2, D3, E and H), carotenoids and polyphenols, together with total flavonoids, sterols, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, were compared. Moreover, antioxidant capacity and chemopreventive potential in terms inhibiting four human tumor-derived and normal cell lines proliferation were evaluated. Co-cultivation can engender biomass with emergent properties regarding bioactivity or bioactive chemical profile, depending on the combined species. The high vitamin content of C. cryptica or N. oceanica further enhanced (until 10% more) when co-cultivated, explaining the two-fold increase of the antioxidant capacity of the combined C. cryptica and N. oceanica biomass. Differently, the chemopreventive activity was valuably enhanced when coupling the two diatoms C. cryptica and S. marinoi. The results obtained in this pilot study promote microalgal co-cultivation as a valuable strategy aiming to boost their application in eco-sustainable biotechnology.
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Fiorino S, Zippi M, Gallo C, Sifo D, Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Rasciti E, Rasciti L, Giampieri E, Corazza I, Leandri P, de Biase D. The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:275-293. [PMID: 32703328 PMCID: PMC7431858 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern. Unfortunately, few studies about SARS-CoV-2 concerning its immunopathogenesis and treatment are available. On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. Therefore, we have analysed: (1) the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; (2) the clinical signs and symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms observed during the development of acute respiratory syndrome and the cytokine release syndrome; (3) the modification of the cell microRNome and of the immune response in patients with SARS infection; and (4) the possible role of some fat-soluble compounds (such as vitamins A, D and E) in modulating directly or indirectly the replication ability of SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit C, Maggiore Hospital Azienda USL, 40100 Bologna, Italy
- Corresponding author: Sirio Fiorino, fax + 39 51809034, email
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gallo
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Sifo
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Sabbatani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Infective Disease Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfredi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Infective Disease Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rasciti
- Unit of Radiodiagnostics, Ospedale degli Infermi, 48018 Faenza, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rasciti
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital Azienda USL, Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Medicine Department, Internal Medicine Unit C, Maggiore Hospital Azienda USL, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
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Islan GA, Gonçalves LMD, Marto J, Duarte A, Alvarez VA, Castro GR, Almeida AJ. Effect of α-tocopherol on the physicochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of levofloxacin loaded hybrid lipid nanocarriers. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-toxic hybrid lipidic nanoparticles become a promising tool for enhanced lung delivery of levofloxacin in combination with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán A. Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) – CONICET (CCT La Plata)
| | - Lídia M. D. Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Aida Duarte
- Laboratory of Microbiology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Vera A. Alvarez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos de Matriz Polimérica (CoMP)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA)
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP) – CONICET
- Buenos Aires
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales
- CINDEFI
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) – CONICET (CCT La Plata)
| | - António J. Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisbon
- Portugal
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Fiorino S, Gallo C, Zippi M, Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Moretti R, Fogacci E, Maggioli C, Travasoni Loffredo F, Giampieri E, Corazza I, Dickmans C, Denitto C, Cammarosano M, Battilana M, Orlandi PE, Del Forno F, Miceli F, Visani M, Acquaviva G, De Leo A, Leandri P, Hong W, Brand T, Tallini G, Jovine E, Jovine R, de Biase D. Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2115-2131. [PMID: 32865757 PMCID: PMC7456763 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had emerged. The WHO has classified the epidemic as a "public health emergency of international concern". A dramatic situation has unfolded with thousands of deaths, occurring mainly in the aged and very ill people. Epidemiological studies suggest that immune system function is impaired in elderly individuals and these subjects often present a deficiency in fat-soluble and hydrosoluble vitamins. METHODS We searched for reviews describing the characteristics of autoimmune diseases and the available therapeutic protocols for their treatment. We set them as a paradigm with the purpose to uncover common pathogenetic mechanisms between these pathological conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we searched for studies describing the possible efficacy of vitamins A, D, E, and C in improving the immune system function. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection induces strong immune system dysfunction characterized by the development of an intense proinflammatory response in the host, and the development of a life-threatening condition defined as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This leads to acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), mainly in aged people. High mortality and lethality rates have been observed in elderly subjects with CoV-2-related infection. CONCLUSIONS Vitamins may shift the proinflammatory Th17-mediated immune response arising in autoimmune diseases towards a T-cell regulatory phenotype. This review discusses the possible activity of vitamins A, D, E, and C in restoring normal antiviral immune system function and the potential therapeutic role of these micronutrients as part of a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy.
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gallo
- Physician Specialist in Infectious Diseases, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Petrini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Renzo Moretti
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Fogacci
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Maggioli
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Giampieri
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christoph Dickmans
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Denitto
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cammarosano
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Battilana
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Miceli
- UO Farmacia Centralizzata OM, Farmacia Ospedale Di Budrio, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Brand
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elio Jovine
- Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Jovine
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Paemanee A, Hitakarun A, Roytrakul S, Smith DR. Screening of melatonin, α-tocopherol, folic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine and resveratrol for anti-dengue 2 virus activity. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:307. [PMID: 29769094 PMCID: PMC5956857 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infections with the mosquito transmitted dengue virus (DENV) are a significant public health burden in many parts of the world. Despite the introduction of a commercial vaccine in some parts of the world, the majority of the populations at risk of infection remain unprotected against this disease, and there is currently no treatment for DENV infection. Natural compounds offer the prospect of cheap and sustainable therapeutics to reduce the disease burden during infection, and thus potentially alleviate the risk of more severe disease. This study evaluated the potential anti-DENV 2 activity of five natural compounds namely melatonin, α-tocopherol, folic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine and resveratrol in two different cell lines. RESULTS Screening of the compounds showed that one compound (acetyl-L-carnitine) showed no effect on DENV infection, three compounds (melatonin, α-tocopherol and folic acid) slightly increased levels of infection, while the 5th compound, resveratrol, showed some limited anti-DENV activity, with resveratrol reducing virus output with an EC50 of less than 25 μM. These results suggest that some commonly taken natural compounds may have beneficial effects on DENV infection, but that others may potentially add to the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Paemanee
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atitaya Hitakarun
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Fiorino S, Bacchi-Reggiani ML, Leandri P, Loggi E, Andreone P. Vitamin E for the treatment of children with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:333-342. [PMID: 28293383 PMCID: PMC5332423 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i6.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess vitamin E efficacy, defined as its ability to induce hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, in children with HBeAg-positive persistent hepatitis.
METHODS In July 2016, we extracted articles published in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library using the following search terms: “chronic hepatitis B”, “children”, “childhood”, “therapy”, “treatment”, “vitamin E”, “tocopherols”, “tocotrienols”. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English language were collected.
RESULTS Three RCTs met inclusion criteria and were considered in the present meta-analysis. Overall, 23/122 children in the treatment group underwent HBeAg seroconversion vs 3/74 in the control group (OR = 3.96, 95%CI: 1.18-13.25, P = 0.025).
CONCLUSION Although our meta-analysis has several limits, including the very small number of available studies and enrolled children with HBeAg positivity-related hepatitis, it suggests that vitamin E use may enhance the probability to induce HBeAg seroconversion in these patients. Further well designed and adequately sized trials are required to confirm or deny these very preliminary results.
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Deng Y, Yan Y, Tan KS, Liu J, Chow VT, Tao ZZ, Wang DY. MicroRNA-146a induction during influenza H3N2 virus infection targets and regulates TRAF6 levels in human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:184-192. [PMID: 28131813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) are highly permissive cells for respiratory viruses including influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in virus-host relationship, and this led us to investigate its essential roles in the in vitro hNECs model derived from multiple donors. By comparing the differential expression of miRNAs upon IAV infection among animal and cell line studies, candidates were selected with focus on the initial immune response. After infection of influenza H3N2 virus, hNECs showed constant increase virus titer at 24-72h post-infection (hpi); accompanied with a significantly elevated level of miR-146a-5p at 72 hpi. The exponential elevation of progeny virus titer correlated with a key influenza sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 pathway. TLR7 downstream gene transcripts, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), interferon regulator factor 7 (IRF7), and interferon-β (IFN-β) were significantly upregulated at 48 and 72 hpi, while interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF6) were unchanged. Interestingly, when miR-146a was overexpressed with miRNA mimics prior to H3N2 infection, further decreased transcripts of TRAF6, but not IRAK1, were detected. By using the in vitro hNEC model, we demonstrated that H3N2-induced miR-146a specifically targets and regulates TRAF6 expression; but not IRAK expression in the nasal epithelium. We also found that unlike the cell model studies that lead to our studies, when ran across a heterogeneous model of different individual, miRNA signals were highly varied and the expression of most miRNAs, including miR-146a-5p, was more subdued compared to homogenous cell line model, highlighting a need for a more thorough analysis of miRNA signals and targets in a model more mimicking a clinical influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Circulating miRNA as fine regulators of the physiological responses to physical activity: Pre-analytical warnings for a novel class of biomarkers. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1331-1339. [PMID: 27693050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by specifically binding the target mRNA and by consequently inducing its degradation. miRNAs can be released into the circulation where they remain stable and they can be measured. Their changes reflect individual biologic adaptation to exposures to specific environmental conditions. As such, measurement of circulating microRNAs represents an opportunity to evaluate biologic changes associated with interventions such as exercise and diet. Physical activity is, indeed, a very important modifying factor for circulating miRNAs. Toward their use in clinical settings several issues should be still solved. Their clinical application is hindered by the high heterogeneity of the analytical procedures used for their measurements. Furthermore, several pre-analytical concerns equally reduce the clinical applicability of miRNA. Pre-analytical phase in sports medicine is an important issue both because, often the conditions in which sampling are performed are peculiar (and not always canonical) and because some of the tested parameters, in the case of professional athletes, enters in routine anti-doping testing and, as such, they should be treated according to precise rules in order to avoid any false positive results. Aim of this review is to give an overview of the main available knowledges about the pre-analytical management of the sample for circulating miRNA evaluation along with the importance of miRNA as regulators of the response to physical activity and their possible future use in anti-doping settings.
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