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Abbasi K, Zarezadeh R, Valizadeh A, Mehdizadeh A, Hamishehkar H, Nouri M, Darabi M. White-brown adipose tissue interplay in polycystic ovary syndrome: Therapeutic avenues. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116012. [PMID: 38159686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study highlights the therapeutic potential of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. BAT plays a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity, making it an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Recent research suggests that impaired BAT function and mass may contribute to the link between metabolic disturbances and reproductive issues in PCOS. Additionally, abnormal white adipose tissue (WAT) can exacerbate these conditions by releasing adipokines and nonesterified fatty acids. In this review, we explored the impact of WAT changes on BAT function in PCOS and discussed the potential of BAT activation as a therapeutic strategy to improve PCOS symptoms. We propose that BAT activation holds promise for managing PCOS; however, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and to develop clinically feasible methods for BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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2
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Wu X. N-carbamoyl aspartate reduced body weight by stimulating the thermogenesis of iBAT. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:152-158. [PMID: 37163935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Uridine has formerly been shown to alleviate obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation. N-carbamoyl aspartate (NCA) provides carbon atoms to uridine in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. However, whether NCA is involved in the lipid metabolism remains elusive. Here we showed that NCA supplementation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of mice, and significantly increased (P < 0.05) relative mRNA expression of genes related to the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Besides, supplemented with NCA significantly decreased body weight and area under the curve (AUC), and increased body temperature in the high-fat diet fed mice. For further, relative protein expression of uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP-1) and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (P-HSL) in the liver, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) also showed upregulated in the high-fat diet fed mice. Thus, NCA promoted de novo synthesis of pyrimidine and polyunsaturated fatty acid, and reduced body weight by stimulating high-fat diet-induced thermogenesis of iBAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, PR China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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3
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Abruzzese GA, Arbocco FCV, Ferrer MJ, Silva AF, Motta AB. Role of Hormones During Gestation and Early Development: Pathways Involved in Developmental Programming. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:31-70. [PMID: 37466768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that an altered maternal milieu and environmental insults during the intrauterine and perinatal periods of life affect the developing organism, leading to detrimental long-term outcomes and often to adult pathologies through programming effects. Hormones, together with growth factors, play critical roles in the regulation of maternal-fetal and maternal-neonate interfaces, and alterations in any of them may lead to programming effects on the developing organism. In this chapter, we will review the role of sex steroids, thyroid hormones, and insulin-like growth factors, as crucial factors involved in physiological processes during pregnancy and lactation, and their role in developmental programming effects during fetal and early neonatal life. Also, we will consider epidemiological evidence and data from animal models of altered maternal hormonal environments and focus on the role of different tissues in the establishment of maternal and fetus/infant interaction. Finally, we will identify unresolved questions and discuss potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Campo Verde Arbocco
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Lactancia, IMBECU, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María José Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimé Florencia Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Beatriz Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Baldeiras I, Burgeiro A, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Mitochondrial respiration in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue of diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:169-184. [PMID: 35904484 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) has a phenotype resembling brown AT. Dysfunctional tPVAT appears to be linked to vascular dysfunction. Methods We evaluated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression by Western blot, oxidative stress by measuring lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant capacity by HPLC and spectrophotometry, and mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry (HRR) in tPVAT, compared to inguinal white AT (iWAT), obtained from non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) mice. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by HRR using protocol 1: complex I and II oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and protocol 2: fatty acid oxidation (FAO) OXPHOS. OXPHOS capacity in tPVAT was also evaluated after UCP1 inhibition by guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Results UCP1 expression was higher in tPVAT when compared with iWAT in both NDM and STZ-DM mice. The malondialdehyde concentration was elevated in tPVAT from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, as well as reduced glutathione levels, were not different between tPVAT from NDM and STZ-DM mice but were lower compared to iWAT of STZ-DM mice. OXPHOS capacity of tPVAT was significantly decreased after UCP1 inhibition by GDP in protocol 1. While there were no differences in the OXPHOS capacity between NDM and STZ-DM mice in protocol 1, it was increased in STZ-DM compared to NDM mice in protocol 2. Moreover, complex II- and FAO-linked respiration were elevated in STZ-DM mice under UCP1 inhibition. Conclusions Pharmacological therapies could be targeted to modulate UCP1 activity with a significant impact in the uncoupling of mitochondrial bioenergetics in tPVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Burgeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emelindo C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Kong S, Cai B, Nie Q. PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:621-633. [PMID: 35290519 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development has broad research prospects, so it is important to review the related studies of PGC-1α in detail and comprehensively. PGC-1α is a protein composed of 798 amino acids (aa) with a molecular weight of about 91 kDa. PGC-1α is involved in the operation of the respiratory chain by combining with deacetylase and phosphorylase to bind some nuclear receptors. In addition, PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, new data suggest that regulating mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue may be an effective adjunct to the treatment of obesity. In addition, dietary resveratrol, which has an effective anti-obesity effect, has been shown to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis by activating AMPK/PGC-1α axis, as well as to regenerate muscle damaged by obesity. In this review, we combined previous studies to explore the latest studies, showing that PGC-1α can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and is regulated by AMPK and SIRT1. Furthermore, PGC-1α is a favored protein, which not only regulates muscle fiber type, inhibits muscle atrophy, but also participates in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulates body heat production. So, we concluded that PGC-1α is a key gene in mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis along with other genes involved in the process. Meanwhile, PGC-1α acts as a core metabolic regulator in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This review comprehensively summarizes a large number of research findings. First, the role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis was clarified, and then the key role of PGC-1α in the development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reevaluated. Furthermore, the role of PGC-1α in some human diseases was discussed. Finally, the role of PGC-1α as a major gene in poultry was pointed out, and the future research direction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Q, Jin F, Zhang J, Li Z, Yu D. Lipoxin A4 promotes adipogenic differentiation and browning of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:953-961. [PMID: 34811702 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been irrefutably discovered that brown adipocytes dissipate energy as heat and protect against obesity. Researchers make great efforts to explore approaches for its activation. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been proven to reverse adipose tissue inflammation and improve insulin resistance, but its function on brown adipocyte differentiation has been poorly understood, which therefore to be investigated in the present study. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were induced and differentiated to model brown adipocytes, and treated with LXA4 at 0, 1, 5, and 10 nM for 0-14 d. Afterwards, Oil Red O staining detected lipid droplets. In differentiated MEFs with or without LXA4 (10 nM) treatment, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assessed adipocyte browning marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and brown adipogenesis markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and positive regulation domain containing 16 (PRDM16) as well as lipogenic genes of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP). The induced differentiation of MEFs toward brown adipocytes was successful. LXA4 promoted intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets of induced cells and increased UCP-1 expression in a dose- or time-dependent manner. Under the administration of LXA4, brown adipogenesis markers and lipogenic genes were further upregulated. LXA4 made a contribution to induce differentiation of MEFs to brown adipocytes, which could be regarded a new drug target for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Xihu District, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin RoadZhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310013, China
| | - Fubi Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Xihu District, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin RoadZhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310013, China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Xihu District, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin RoadZhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310013, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Endocrinology Department, Xihu District, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin RoadZhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310013, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Endocrinology Department, Xihu District, Zhejiang Hospital, No. 12 Lingyin RoadZhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310013, China.
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Li B, Yang J, Gong Y, Xiao Y, Zeng Q, Xu K, Duan Y, He J, He J, Ma H. Integrated Analysis of Liver Transcriptome, miRNA, and Proteome of Chinese Indigenous Breed Ningxiang Pig in Three Developmental Stages Uncovers Significant miRNA-mRNA-Protein Networks in Lipid Metabolism. Front Genet 2021; 12:709521. [PMID: 34603377 PMCID: PMC8481880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important metabolic organ of mammals. During each transitional period of life, liver metabolism is programmed by a complex molecular regulatory system for multiple physiological functions, many pathways of which are regulated by hormones and cytokines, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors. To gain a comprehensive and unbiased molecular understanding of liver growth and development in Ningxiang pigs, we analyzed the mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteomes of the livers of Ningxiang pigs during lactation, nursery, and fattening periods. A total of 22,411 genes (19,653 known mRNAs and 2758 novel mRNAs), 1122 miRNAs (384 known miRNAs and 738 novel miRNAs), and 1123 unique proteins with medium and high abundance were identified by high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry. We show that the differences in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or protein levels were readily identified by comparing different time periods, providing evidence that functional changes that may occur during liver development are widespread. In addition, we found many overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs)/differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to glycolipid metabolism in any group comparison. These overlapping DEGs/DEMs/DGPs may play an important role in functional transformation during liver development. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis revealed multiple expression patterns of mRNA, miRNA, and protein in the liver. Furthermore, several diverse key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including immune defense, glycolipid metabolism, protein transport and uptake, and cell proliferation and development, were identified by combined analysis of DEGs and DGPs. A number of predicted miRNA–mRNA–protein pairs were found and validated by qRT-PCR and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays. The results provide new and important information about the genetic breeding of Ningxiang pigs, which represents a foundation for further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of dynamic development of liver tissue, functional transformation, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ningxiang Pig Farm of Dalong Livestock Technology Co., Ltd., Ningxiang, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Zhuang T, Li W, Yang L, Wang Z, Ding L, Zhou M. Gut Microbiota: Novel Therapeutic Target of Ginsenosides for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Complications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731288. [PMID: 34512356 PMCID: PMC8429618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, generally characterized by excessive lipid accumulation, is a metabolic threat worldwide due to its rapid growth in global prevalence. Ginsenosides are crucial components derived from natural plants that can confer metabolic benefits for obese patients. Considering the low bioavailability and degradable properties of ginsenosides in vivo, it should be admitted that the mechanism of ginsenosides on anti-obesity contribution is still obscure. Recently, studies have indicated that ginsenoside intervention has beneficial metabolic effects on obesity and its complications because it allows for the correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulates the secretion of related endogenous metabolites. In this review, we summarize the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenetic process of obesity, and explore the mechanism of ginsenosides for ameliorating obesity, which can modulate the composition of gut microbiota by improving the metabolism of intestinal endogenous substances and alleviating the level of inflammation. Ginsenosides are expected to become a promising anti-obesity medical intervention in the foreseeable clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxi Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Lu YA, Lee HG, Li X, Hyun JM, Kim HS, Kim TH, Kim HM, Lee JJ, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Anti-obesity effects of red seaweed, Plocamium telfairiae, in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 11:2299-2308. [PMID: 32108840 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-obesity effect of Plocamium telfairiae (PT), a red seaweed. Different percentages of ethanol (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) were used for the preparation of PT extract. Furthermore, 3T3-L1 cells were used to determine the percentage of ethanol for optimal anti-adipogenesis of PT, and the anti-obesity properties of the optimized extract of PT (PTE) (40%) was assessed in obese mice. The results indicate that 40% ethanol extract (40 PTE) significantly decreased fat accumulation and suppressed the expression of major adipogenesis factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α, and phosphorylated ACC (pACC) in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, in the high-fat diet-induced obese mice, 40 PTE significantly reduced the weights of white adipose tissue, as well as the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, adiponectin, and insulin in the serum. Liver histopathology showed that steatosis decreased in all the PTE treatment groups. The adipogenesis-related proteins, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1, were also significantly decreased in PTE treatment groups. Additionally, 40 PTE increased mRNA expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP)-1 and UCP-3 in brown adipose tissue. These findings provide evidence that 40 PTE can alleviate lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese C57BL/6 mice, indicating that PTE has strong anti-obesity effects and could be used as a therapeutic agent or a component of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An Lu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xining Li
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Min Hyun
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Naturetech Co., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- Naturetech Co., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- Naturetech Co., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010019. [PMID: 33374585 PMCID: PMC7822469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low n-3 and elevated n-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-9786746
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11
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Gonçalves RV, Santos JDB, Silva NS, Guillocheau E, Silva RE, Souza-Silva TG, Oliveira RF, Santos EC, Novaes RD. Trans-fatty acids aggravate anabolic steroid-induced metabolic disturbances and differential gene expression in muscle, pancreas and adipose tissue. Life Sci 2019; 232:116603. [PMID: 31254587 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although anabolic steroids (AS) and trans-fatty acids overload exerts systemic toxicity and are independent risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, their interaction remains poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the impact of a diet rich in trans-fatty acids (HFD) combined with AS on glycemic control, lipid profile, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and pancreas microstructure and expression of genes involved in energy metabolism. MAIN METHODS Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomized into 6 groups treated for 12 weeks with a standard diet (SD) or a diet rich in C18:1 trans-fatty isomers (HFD), alone or combined with 10 or 20 mg/kg testosterone cypionate (AS). KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that AS improved glycemic control, upregulated gene expression of Glut-4 and CPT-1 in skeletal muscle, FAS, ACC and UCP-1 in adipose tissue. AS also reduced total and LDL cholesterol in mice fed a SD. When combined with the HFD, AS was unable to induce microstructural adaptations in adipose tissue, pancreatic islets and β-cells, but potentiated GCK and Glut-2 (pancreas) and Glut-4 and CPT-1 (skeletal muscle) upregulation. HFD plus AS also downregulated FAS and ACC gene expression in adipose tissue. Combined with HFD, AS increased triacylglycerol circulating levels, improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicated that HFD and AS can interact to modulates glycemic control and lipid profile by a mechanism potentially related with a reprogramming of genes expression in organs such as the pancreas, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamili D B Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natanny S Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Etienne Guillocheau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Agrocampus-Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Robson E Silva
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaiany G Souza-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Romulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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12
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Levy SB. Field and laboratory methods for quantifying brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23261. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Levy
- Department of Anthropology CUNY Hunter College New York, New York
- Department of Anthropology Yale University New Haven Connecticut
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