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Bocquier A, Jacquemot AF, Dubois C, Tréhard H, Cogordan C, Maradan G, Cortaredona S, Fressard L, Davin-Casalena B, Vinet A, Verger P, Darmon N, Arquier V, Briclot G, Chamla R, Cousson-Gélie F, Danthony S, Delrieu K, Dessirier J, Féart C, Fusinati C, Gazan R, Gibert M, Lamiraud V, Maillot M, Nadal D, Trotta C, Verger EO, Viriot V. Study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial to improve dietary diversity and physical fitness among older people who live at home (the "ALAPAGE study"). BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:643. [PMID: 35927684 PMCID: PMC9351201 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and physical activity are key components of healthy aging. Current interventions that promote healthy eating and physical activity among the elderly have limitations and evidence of French interventions' effectiveness is lacking. We aim to assess (i) the effectiveness of a combined diet/physical activity intervention (the "ALAPAGE" program) on older peoples' eating behaviors, physical activity and fitness levels, quality of life, and feelings of loneliness; (ii) the intervention's process and (iii) its cost effectiveness. METHODS We performed a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms (2:1 ratio) among people ≥60 years old who live at home in southeastern France. A cluster consists of 10 people participating in a "workshop" (i.e., a collective intervention conducted at a local organization). We aim to include 45 workshops randomized into two groups: the intervention group (including 30 workshops) in the ALAPAGE program; and the waiting-list control group (including 15 workshops). Participants (expected total sample size: 450) will be recruited through both local organizations' usual practices and an innovative active recruitment strategy that targets hard-to-reach people. We developed the ALAPAGE program based on existing workshops, combining a participatory and a theory-based approach. It includes a 7-week period with weekly collective sessions supported by a dietician and/or an adapted physical activity professional, followed by a 12-week period of post-session activities without professional supervision. Primary outcomes are dietary diversity (calculated using two 24-hour diet recalls and one Food Frequency Questionnaire) and lower-limb muscle strength (assessed by the 30-second chair stand test from the Senior Fitness Test battery). Secondary outcomes include consumption frequencies of main food groups and water/hot drinks, other physical fitness measures, overall level of physical activity, quality of life, and feelings of loneliness. Outcomes are assessed before the intervention, at 6 weeks and 3 months later. The process evaluation assesses the fidelity, dose, and reach of the intervention as its causal mechanisms (quantitative and qualitative data). DISCUSSION This study aims to improve healthy aging while limiting social inequalities. We developed and evaluated the ALAPAGE program in partnership with major healthy aging organizations, providing a unique opportunity to expand its reach. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05140330 , December 1, 2021. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 3.0 (November 5, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bocquier
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France. .,Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Anne-Fleur Jacquemot
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hélène Tréhard
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, Aix Marseille Institute of Public Health, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Cogordan
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Maradan
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Cortaredona
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Lisa Fressard
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Agnès Vinet
- Avignon Université, UPR EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Pierre Verger
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- MoISA, Université de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Van Elswyk ME, Teo L, Lau CS, Shanahan CJ. Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac001. [PMID: 35542386 PMCID: PMC9071101 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and sarcopenia using a protocol developed for use by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, and to conduct a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence. Multiple electronic databases were searched for studies investigating sarcopenia risk factors or risk of sarcopenia and dietary patterns. Eligible studies were 1) peer-reviewed controlled trials or observational trials, 2) involving adult or older-adult human subjects who were healthy and/or at risk for chronic disease, 3) comparing the effect of consumption or adherence to dietary patterns (measured as an index/score, factor or cluster analysis; reduced rank regression; or a macronutrient distribution), and 4) reported on measures of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle performance, and/or risk of sarcopenia. Thirty-eight publications met all inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Thirteen observational studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of gait speed reduction (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.97). The association between healthy dietary pattern adherence and other intermediate markers or risk of sarcopenia was not statistically significant. The majority of individual studies were judged as "serious" risk of bias and analysis of the collective evidence base was suggestive of publication bias. Studies suggest a significant association between healthy dietary patterns and maintenance of gait speed with age, an intermediate marker of sarcopenia risk, but the evidence base is limited by serious risk of bias, within and between studies. Further research is needed to understand the association between healthy dietary patterns and risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Teo
- Teo Research Consulting, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Clara S Lau
- National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, Washington, DC, USA
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Yeung SSY, Kwan M, Woo J. Healthy Diet for Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124310. [PMID: 34959862 PMCID: PMC8707325 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending healthspan is a major public health challenge. Diet is one of the modifiable factors for preventing age-related diseases and preserving overall good health status during aging. Optimizing individuals’ intrinsic capacity, including domains in cognition, psychological, sensory function, vitality, and locomotion, has been proposed as a model of healthy aging by the World Health Organization. To better understand the relationships between a healthy diet and healthy aging, this review summarizes the recent epidemiologic and clinical data for dietary patterns that have been shown to play a role in (domains of) healthy aging. Regardless of priori or posteriori dietary patterns, it appears that dietary patterns centered on plant-based foods have a beneficial role in (domains of) healthy aging. Our review identified a knowledge gap in dietary patterns and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. More epidemiological studies should consider intrinsic capacity as an outcome measure to further our understanding of a healthy diet and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. When a sufficient number of epidemiological studies is available, evidence can be synthesized and clinical trials can be designed to evaluate a healthy diet as a strategy for healthy aging to further our progress in translating evidence to practice and promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suey S. Y. Yeung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Michelle Kwan
- Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Centre for Nutritional Studies, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3505-3493
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Davis JA, Mohebbi M, Collier F, Loughman A, Staudacher H, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Pasco JA, Jacka FN. The role of diet quality and dietary patterns in predicting muscle mass and function in men over a 15-year period. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2193-2203. [PMID: 34043032 PMCID: PMC8155648 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A growing body of evidence suggests that diet quality may predict muscle health. This study found that a "Traditional" dietary pattern predicted greater muscle mass, and an anti-inflammatory diet predicted greater muscle mass and better muscle function over 15 years. These findings reinforce the importance of optimising dietary behaviours for healthy ageing. INTRODUCTION Research investigating the roles of individual nutrients in muscle health fails to account for the synergistic relationships between foods and nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of diet quality and dietary patterns for muscle mass and function in men over a 15-year period. METHODS This longitudinal study was conducted in 522 men from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study with complete dietary and muscle mass or muscle function data at both baseline and 15-year follow-up assessments. Dietary exposures were extracted from food frequency questionnaires and included the Australian Recommended Food Score, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and three a posteriori dietary patterns: Plant-focused, Western, and Traditional (Anglo-Australian). Outcome variables included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI) and muscle function measured with the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. RESULTS An anti-inflammatory diet and higher scores on a Traditional dietary pattern both predicted greater SMI ((B: -0.04 (95%CI -0.08, -0.00) kg/m2) and (B: 0.12 (95%CI 0.04, 0.20) kg/m2), respectively), while a pro-inflammatory diet predicted slower TUG (B: 0.11 (95%CI 0.001, 0.21) sec) over the 15-year follow-up period. These associations remained significant following adjustment for confounding variables. There were no associations observed for other dietary exposures. CONCLUSION A Traditional dietary pattern higher in vegetables, wholegrain cereals, and animal protein was associated with greater skeletal muscle mass, and an anti-inflammatory diet, also rich in vegetables, fruit, and wholegrain cereals, was associated with greater skeletal muscle mass and better muscle function over 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Davis
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - M Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - F Collier
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases (GCEID), Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - A Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - H Staudacher
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - N Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J A Pasco
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
| | - F N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Yin Z, Yang J, Huang C, Sun H, Wu Y. Eating and communication difficulties as mediators of the relationship between tooth loss and functional disability in middle-aged and older adults. J Dent 2020; 96:103331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Xu R, Blanchard BE, McCaffrey JM, Woolley S, Corso LML, Duffy VB. Food Liking-Based Diet Quality Indexes (DQI) Generated by Conceptual and Machine Learning Explained Variability in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E882. [PMID: 32218114 PMCID: PMC7231006 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall pattern of a diet (diet quality) is recognized as more important to health and chronic disease risk than single foods or food groups. Indexes of diet quality can be derived theoretically from evidence-based recommendations, empirically from existing datasets, or a combination of the two. We used these methods to derive diet quality indexes (DQI), generated from a novel dietary assessment, and to evaluate relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults with (n = 106) or without (n = 106) diagnosed depression (62% female, mean age = 21). Participants completed a liking survey (proxy for usual dietary consumption). Principle component analysis of plasma (insulin, glucose, lipids) and adiposity (BMI, Waist-to-Hip ratio) measures formed a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score (CRFS). DQIs were created: theoretically (food/beverages grouped, weighted conceptually), empirically (grouping by factor analysis, weights empirically-derived by ridge regression analysis of CRFS), and hybrid (food/beverages conceptually-grouped, weights empirically-derived). The out-of-sample CRFS predictability for the DQI was assessed by two-fold and five-fold cross validations. While moderate consistencies between theoretically- and empirically-generated weights existed, the hybrid outperformed theoretical and empirical DQIs in cross validations (five-fold showed DQI explained 2.6% theoretical, 2.7% empirical, and 6.5% hybrid of CRFS variance). These pilot data support a liking survey that can generate reliable/valid DQIs that are significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially theoretically- plus empirically-derived DQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.X.); (B.E.B.); (J.M.M.); (L.M.L.C.)
| | - Bruce E. Blanchard
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.X.); (B.E.B.); (J.M.M.); (L.M.L.C.)
| | - Jeanne M. McCaffrey
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.X.); (B.E.B.); (J.M.M.); (L.M.L.C.)
| | - Stephen Woolley
- Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Ave, Hartford, CT 06106, USA;
| | - Lauren M. L. Corso
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.X.); (B.E.B.); (J.M.M.); (L.M.L.C.)
| | - Valerie B. Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (R.X.); (B.E.B.); (J.M.M.); (L.M.L.C.)
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Jacob L, Smith L, Thoumie P, Haro JM, Stickley A, Koyanagi A. Association between intelligence quotient and disability: The role of socioeconomic status. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 63:296-301. [PMID: 31550549 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has investigated the association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and disability (i.e., difficulties in activities of daily living [ADL] or instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) in the general population. OBJECTIVE The goal of this nationally representative study was to analyse the potential IQ-disability association in England and identify influential factors in this association. METHODS Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n=6872). IQ was assessed by using the National Adult Reading Test, which consists of a list of 50 words and is scored by counting the number of errors in reading the words aloud. Disability was defined as difficulties in at least 1 of the 7 domains of ADL and IADL. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between IQ and disability and identify potential factors involved in this relationship, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among the 6872 participants, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (18.9) years; 51.8% were women. The prevalence of disability increased from 27.7% with IQ 120-129 to 51.0% with IQ 70-79. After adjusting for sex, age and ethnicity, as compared with IQ 120-129, with IQ 110-119, 100-109, 90-99, 80-89, and 70-79, the probability of disability was increased (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.01-1.48], 1.42 [1.16-1.72], 1.86 [1.54-2.25], 2.41 [1.92-3.03], and 4.71 [3.56-6.17], respectively). In addition, we found a positive association between a 1-SD decrease in IQ and disability (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.43-1.63). Finally, income (mediated percentage 26.9%), social class (18.0%) and education (11.6%) strongly affected the IQ-disability association, and these socioeconomic factors collectively explained 37.1% of the association. CONCLUSIONS Low IQ was positively associated with disability in England, and socioeconomic status explained more than one-third of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Faculty of medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain.
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Thoumie
- Inserm U-1150, Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, Hôpital Rothschild and Sorbonne University Agathe, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040745. [PMID: 30935012 PMCID: PMC6521630 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
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