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Masenga SK, Hamooya BM, Patel KP, Kirabo A. Erythrocyte glycocalyx sensitivity to sodium is associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in women but not men. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1334853. [PMID: 38524849 PMCID: PMC10957757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1334853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is a risk factor for hypertension, end-organ damage and death, most studies are conducted in western countries and in White people. We previously found that the prevalence of SSBP in Blacks living in Sub-Saharan Africa is as high as 75-80% like what has been reported in the west. Erythrocyte glycocalyx sensitivity to sodium (eGCSS), a marker of sodium-induced damage to the erythrocyte and vascular endothelial glycocalyx is thought to be related to blood pressure perturbations associated with salt intake. We hypothesized that SSBP correlates with eGCSS differently in men and women in Black people. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study using data from our recent clinical trial from Livingstone University Teaching Hospital among 117 normotensive young adults. We used a "salt blood test" to determine eGCSS and an immediate pressor response to oral salt (IPROS) for the diagnosis of SSBP. Results The proportion of males were equal to females and the median age (interquartile range) of the participants was 29 (22-45) years. The eGCSS scores were higher in salt-resistant females compared to salt-sensitive females and males. eGCSS correlated negatively with SSBP (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p = 0.008), however, this relationship was driven by female sex and abrogated by male sex. Although blood pressure elevations exhibited a sustained bimodal pattern in both sexes, in males, systolic and diastolic blood pressure never returned to baseline during the time course as it did in females. Conclusion In this study, eGCSS correlated negatively with SSBP in black women but not in black men and the pressor response to dietary salt was significantly higher in men compared to women. These results suggest that women tend to have a higher disruption of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx by an acute salt load, implying that acute changes in blood pressure may not be driven directly by the endothelial glycocalyx. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism linking eGCSS and SSBP with potential implications for sex differences in salt-induced cardiovascular disease.Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [NCT04844255].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Benson M. Hamooya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone, Zambia
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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2
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Kohlmeier M, Baah E, Washko M, Adams K. Genotype-informed nutrition counselling in clinical practice. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:407-412. [PMID: 38618528 PMCID: PMC11009529 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohlmeier
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel Baah
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Washko
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Adams
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine and Gillings School of Global Public Health, and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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3
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Mhatre I, Abdelhalim H, Degroat W, Ashok S, Liang BT, Ahmed Z. Functional mutation, splice, distribution, and divergence analysis of impactful genes associated with heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16769. [PMID: 37798313 PMCID: PMC10556087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by a multitude of complex and largely heritable conditions. Identifying key genes and understanding their susceptibility to CVD in the human genome can assist in early diagnosis and personalized treatment of the relevant patients. Heart failure (HF) is among those CVD phenotypes that has a high rate of mortality. In this study, we investigated genes primarily associated with HF and other CVDs. Achieving the goals of this study, we built a cohort of thirty-five consented patients, and sequenced their serum-based samples. We have generated and processed whole genome sequence (WGS) data, and performed functional mutation, splice, variant distribution, and divergence analysis to understand the relationships between each mutation type and its impact. Our variant and prevalence analysis found FLNA, CST3, LGALS3, and HBA1 linked to many enrichment pathways. Functional mutation analysis uncovered ACE, MME, LGALS3, NR3C2, PIK3C2A, CALD1, TEK, and TRPV1 to be notable and potentially significant genes. We discovered intron, 5' Flank, 3' UTR, and 3' Flank mutations to be the most common among HF and other CVD genes. Missense mutations were less common among HF and other CVD genes but had more of a functional impact. We reported HBA1, FADD, NPPC, ADRB2, ADBR1, MYH6, and PLN to be consequential based on our divergence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Mhatre
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Habiba Abdelhalim
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William Degroat
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shreya Ashok
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA
- UConn School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, 400 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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4
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Mohammadifard N, Moazeni F, Azizian-Farsani F, Gharipour M, Khosravi E, Sadeghian L, Mansouri A, Shirani S, Sarrafzadegan N. Genetic variation in salt taste receptors impact salt intake and blood pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4037. [PMID: 36899055 PMCID: PMC10006406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, few studies have examined the effect of salt taste receptors genetic variation on dietary intake in the Iranian population. We aimed to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in salt taste receptors' genes with dietary salt intake and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 116 randomly selected healthy adults aged ≥ 18 in Isfahan, Iran. Participants underwent sodium intake determination by 24-h urine collection, as well as dietary assessment by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and blood pressure measurement. Whole blood was collected to extract DNA and genotype of SNP rs239345 in SCNN1B and rs224534, rs4790151 and rs8065080 in TRPV1 gene. Sodium consumption and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in carriers of the A-allele in rs239345 compared to subjects with the TT genotype (4808.4 ± 824.4 mg/day vs. 4043.5 ± 989.3 mg/day; P = 0.004) and 83.6 ± 8.5 mmHg vs. 77.3 ± 7.3 mmHg; P = 0.011), respectively. The level of sodium intake was lower in the TT genotype of TRPV1 (rs224534) than the CC genotype (3767.0 ± 713.7 mg/day vs. 4633.3 ± 793.5 mg/day; P = 0.012). We could not find any association between genotypes of all SNPs with systolic blood pressure as well as genotypes of rs224534, rs4790151 and rs8065080 with diastolic blood pressure. Genetic variations can relate with salt intake and consequently may associate with hypertension and finally cardiovascular disease risk in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Moazeni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizian-Farsani
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Gharipour
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Khosravi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ladan Sadeghian
- Perdiatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Asieh Mansouri
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahin Shirani
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Dr Ali Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a summary of current literature and propose potential mechanistic models to help us understand the role of HIV infection/antiretroviral therapy (ART), salt taste sensitivity (STS), and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) in hypertension development. RECENT FINDINGS The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is the main protein/sodium channel for recognizing Na + in the tongue and mediates preference to low-medium salt concentrations in animals and humans. Considering the pressor response to oral salt in individuals with SSBP, poor STS may worsen blood pressure. Specific genetic variants in ENaC are linked to salt taste perception and hypertension. HIV infection, some ART, and specific antihypertensive drugs are associated with reduced STS and an increased liking for salty foods. Persons with HIV (PWH) on ART may have a decreased STS and are at a higher risk of developing salt-sensitive hypertension. Inflammation mediated by dietary salt is one of the drivers of poor STS and salt-sensitive hypertension among PWH.
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Abstract
Several clinical and large population studies indicate that women are more salt-sensitive than men, yet the precise mechanisms by which the sexually dimorphic onset manifests remains incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate recent epidemiological data and highlight current knowledge from studies investigating sex-specific mechanisms of salt-sensitive blood pressure (SSBP). Emerging evidence indicates that women of all ethnicities are more salt-sensitive than men, at all ages both premenopausal and postmenopausal. However, menopause exacerbates severity and prevalence of SSBP, suggesting that female sex chromosomes predispose to and female sex hormones mitigate SSBP. Results from both human and rodent studies support the contribution of enhanced and inappropriate activation of the aldosterone-ECMR (endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor) axis promoting vascular dysfunction in females. Increases in adrenal response to angiotensin II, in association with higher ECMR expression and activation of endothelial ENaC (epithelial sodium channel) in females compared to males, are emerging as central players in the development of endothelial dysfunction and SSBP in females. Female sex increases the prevalence and susceptibility of SSBP and sex hormones and sex chromosome complement may exert antagonistic effects in the development of the female heightened SSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candee T. Barris
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Faulkner
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J. Belin de Chantemèle
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Hartley I, Riis N, Liem DG, Keast R. Oral Exposure to Sodium Chloride without Subsequent Consumption Does Not Alter Salt Taste Function in Adults: A Cross-Over Intervention Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:543-551. [PMID: 36894246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction in dietary sodium increases salt taste sensitivity; however, non-oral sodium supplementation does not, suggesting that oral exposure is more important for modulating taste perception than consumption without tasting. OBJECTIVE Using psychophysical methods, we assessed the effect of a two-week intervention involving oral exposure to a tastant without consumption on modulating taste function. METHODS In a cross-over intervention study, n = 42 adults (age, mean ± SD: 29.7 ± 8.0 years) completed 4 intervention treatments requiring participants to rinse their mouths with 30 mL of a tastant, 3 times daily for 2 weeks. Treatments included oral exposure to 400 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), monosodium glutamate (MSG), monopotassium glutamate, and sucrose. Participants' taste function for salty, umami, and sweet [detection threshold (DT), recognition threshold (RT), and suprathreshold (ST)], and the glutamate-sodium discrimination status was evaluated before and after the tastant treatments. Effects of the interventions on taste function were assessed by using linear mixed models including treatment, time, and treatment x time interactions as fixed effects; significance was set at P > 0.05. RESULTS There was no treatment × time interaction on DT and RT for all tastes assessed (P > 0.05). The only change in ST was following the NaCl intervention, participants' salt ST decreased at the highest concentration (400 mM) compared with the pre-NaCl treatment taste assessment (mean difference (MD): -0.052 [95% CI: -0.093, -0.010] labeled magnitude scale, P = 0.016). Compared with the pre-MSG treatment taste assessment, participants improved their ability to perform the glutamate-sodium discrimination task after the MSG intervention (MD:1.64 [95% CI: 0.395, 2.878] correct discrimination tasks, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION Saltiness of an adult's free-living diet is unlikely to influence salt taste function, as oral exposure without consumption to a salt concentration greater than normally found in food, only attenuated taste responses to highly salty stimuli. This provides preliminary evidence that regulating salt taste function may require a coordinated response between oral activation and consumption of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Hartley
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nanna Riis
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Djin Gie Liem
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Russell Keast
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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8
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The use of herbs and spices in sodium-reduced meals enhances saltiness and is highly accepted by the elderly. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Masenga SK, Pilic L, Hamooya BM, Nzala S, Heimburger DC, Mutale W, Koethe JR, Kirabo A, Munsaka SM, Elijovich F. Immediate pressor response to oral salt and its assessment in the clinic: a time series clinical trial. Clin Hypertens 2022; 28:25. [PMID: 36104796 PMCID: PMC9476589 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure (BP) is associated with high-salt consumption especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the pressor effect of salt is viewed as a chronic effect, some studies suggest that a salty meal may increase BP immediately in some individuals, and that this effect may cause endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the immediate pressor response to oral salt (IPROS) and its determinants, with the expectation that a simple methodology may be devised to diagnose it in the clinic or in low-resource environments. METHODS We conducted a time series trial at Livingstone Central Hospital. We present data in 127 normotensive participants who ingested 2 g of sodium chloride; their BP was monitored for 120 minutes in intervals of 10 minutes. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyses of data. RESULTS Median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 22-46 years) and 52% were female patients. An increase of ≥10 mmHg in mean arterial pressure (MAP), considered a clinically significant IPROS, was present in 62% of participants. Systolic BP 30 minutes after the salt load was a significant predictor of IPROS, avoiding the need to calculate MAP in the clinic setting. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the presence of an IPROS in a high proportion (62%) of otherwise normotensive participants. The average time course for this response was 30 minutes and its duration was sustained for the 120-minutes period of study in most of the participants. Prediction of IPROS by ∆SBP (change in systolic blood pressure) at 30 minutes allows for easy assessment of possible responder status in the clinic. Our data indicate that the IPROS to oral salt-loads in the range currently consumed by the Western world and African populations in single meals may increase the 24-hour BP load, which is a risk factor for hypertension and target organ damage. The relevance of our findings indicates the need to include dietary sodium assessment in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- grid.442660.20000 0004 0449 0406HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Akapelwa street, LUTH Premises, Livingstone, Zambia ,grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Leta Pilic
- grid.417907.c0000 0004 5903 394XFaculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary’s University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Benson M. Hamooya
- grid.442660.20000 0004 0449 0406HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Akapelwa street, LUTH Premises, Livingstone, Zambia ,grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Selestine Nzala
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Douglas C. Heimburger
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Wilbroad Mutale
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John R. Koethe
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sody M. Munsaka
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Hartley I, Costanzo A, Liem DG, Keast R. Glutamate-Sodium Discrimination Status in Adults Is Associated with Salt Recognition Threshold and Habitual Intake of Discretionary Food and Meat: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11101. [PMID: 36078816 PMCID: PMC9518332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Umami non-discriminators (NDs) are a sub-group of the population with a reduced ability to discriminate between monosodium glutamate (MSG) and sodium chloride (NaCl) compared to umami discriminators (UDs). No research has investigated umami and salty taste perception associations across detection threshold (DT), recognition threshold (RT), and suprathreshold intensity perception (ST) or the habitual dietary intake of ND. Adults (n = 61, mean age of 30 ± 8 years, n = 40 females) completed taste assessments measuring their DT, RT, and ST for salty, umami (MSG and monopotassium glutamate (MPG)), and sweet tastes. To determine the umami discrimination status, participants completed 24 triangle tests containing 29 mM NaCl and 29 mM MSG, and those with ≥13 correct identifications were considered UDs. Habitual dietary intake was recorded via a food frequency questionnaire. NDs made up 14.8% (n = 9) of the study population, and UDs made up 85.2% (n = 52). NDs were less sensitive to salt at RT (mean step difference: -1.58, p = 0.03), and they consumed more servings of meat and poultry daily (1.3 vs. 0.6 serves, p = 0.006); fewer servings of discretionary food (1.6 vs. 2.4, p = 0.001); and, of these, fewer salty discretionary foods (0.9 vs. 1.3, p = 0.003) than NDs. Identifying these NDs may provide insight into a population at risk of the overconsumption of discretionary foods and reduced intake of protein-rich meat foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Hartley
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Andrew Costanzo
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Djin Gie Liem
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Russell Keast
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Dong H, Liu J, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Tizzano M, Peng X, Zhou X, Xu X, Zheng X. Oral Microbiota-Host Interaction Mediated by Taste Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:802504. [PMID: 35425718 PMCID: PMC9004699 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.802504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste receptors, originally identified in taste buds, function as the periphery receptors for taste stimuli and play an important role in food choice. Cohort studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms of taste receptors such as T1R1, T1R2, T2R38 are associated with susceptibility to oral diseases like dental caries. Recent studies have demonstrated the wide expression of taste receptors in various tissues, including intestinal epithelia, respiratory tract, and gingiva, with an emerging role of participating in the interaction between mucosa surface and microorganisms via monitoring a wide range of metabolites. On the one hand, individuals with different oral microbiomes exhibited varied taste sensitivity, suggesting a potential impact of the oral microbiota composition on taste receptor function. On the other hand, animal studies and in vitro studies have uncovered that a variety of oral cells expressing taste receptors such as gingival solitary chemosensory cells, gingival epithelial cells (GECs), and gingival fibroblasts can detect bacterial signals through bitter taste receptors to trigger host innate immune responses, thus regulating oral microbial homeostasis. This review focuses on how taste receptors, particularly bitter and sweet taste receptors, mediate the oral microbiota-host interaction as well as impact the occurrence and development of oral diseases. Further studies delineating the role of taste receptors in mediating oral microbiota-host interaction will advance our knowledge in oral ecological homeostasis establishment, providing a novel paradigm and treatment target for the better management of dental infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Marco Tizzano
- Basic and Translation Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng, ; Xin Xu,
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng, ; Xin Xu,
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12
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Hunter RW, Dhaun N, Bailey MA. The impact of excessive salt intake on human health. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:321-335. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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King A, Saifi S, Smith J, Pilic L, Graham CAM, Da Silva Anastacio V, Glaister M, Mavrommatis Y. Does personalised nutrition advice based on apolipoprotein E and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype affect dietary behaviour? Nutr Health 2021; 28:467-476. [PMID: 34817242 PMCID: PMC9379385 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211032882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake is linked to numerous modifiable risk factors of
cardiovascular disease. Current dietary recommendations in the UK to reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease are not being met. A genotype-based personalised approach to
dietary recommendations may motivate individuals to make positive changes in their dietary
behaviour. Aim: To determine the effect of a personalised nutrition
intervention, based on apolipoprotein E (ApoE, rs7412; rs429358) and
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, rs1801133) genotype, on
reported dietary intake of saturated fat and folate in participants informed of a risk
genotype compared to those informed of non-risk genotype. Methods: Baseline
data (n = 99) were collected to determine genotype (non-risk vs risk),
dietary intake and cardiovascular risk (Q-Risk®2 cardiovascular risk calculator).
Participants were provided with personalised nutrition advice via email based on their
ApoE and MTHFR genotype and reported intake of folate
and saturated fat. After 10 days, dietary intake data were reported for a second time.
Results: Personalised nutrition advice led to favourable dietary changes,
irrespective of genotype, in participants who were not meeting dietary recommendations at
baseline for saturated fat (p < 0.001) and folate
(p = 0.002). Only participants who were informed of a risk
ApoE genotype met saturated fat recommendations following personalised
nutrition advice. Conclusion: Incorporation of genotype-based personalised
nutrition advice in a diet behaviour intervention may elicit favourable changes in dietary
behaviour in participants informed of a risk genotype. Participants informed of a non-risk
genotype also respond to personalised nutrition advice favourably but to a lesser
extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra King
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, 62693St Mary's University Twickenham, UK
| | - Shaghayegh Saifi
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, 62693St Mary's University Twickenham, UK
| | - Jenna Smith
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, 62693St Mary's University Twickenham, UK
| | - Leta Pilic
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, 62693St Mary's University Twickenham, UK
| | - Catherine A-M Graham
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Health and Social Work, Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, 98464Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | | | - Mark Glaister
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, 62693St Mary's University Twickenham, UK
| | - Yiannis Mavrommatis
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, 62693St Mary's University Twickenham, UK
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14
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Is dietary intake associated with salt taste function and perception in adults? A systematic review. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with taste and food preferences of the Hungarian general and Roma populations. Appetite 2021; 164:105270. [PMID: 33930497 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is reasonable to suppose that poor diet underlies the unfavorable health status of the Roma population of Europe. Previously in the framework of a complex health survey, fruit and vegetable consumption, quantity of sugar added, salting frequency; bitter, salty, sweet and fat taste preferences were evaluated of Hungarian (HG, n = 410) and Roma (HR, n = 387) populations. In the present study the associations of taste and food preferences with TAS1R3, CD36, SCNN1B, TRPV1, TAS2R38, TAS2R19 and CA6 polymorphisms were tested in the same samples. Genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the two populations. Although we initially observed associations between certain genetic polymorphisms and taste and food preferences in our study samples, none of the p values remained significant after the multiple test correction. However, some of our results could be considered promising (0.05<corrected p < 0.20), which showed potential ethnicity-specific effects (CA6 rs2274333 with salty taste and raw kohlrabi preference, CD36 rs1527483 with fat taste preference, TAS2R19 rs10772420 with grapefruit preference, and TAS2R38 rs713598 with quantity of sugar added). Our results may suggest that genetics may mediate food preferences, and individuals with different ethnic background may require personalized interventions to modify diet. Further investigations with greater sample sizes are essential to explore the effect of these genetic variants on taste and food preferences.
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16
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Chao AM, Zhou Y, Franks AT, Brooks BE, Joseph PV. Associations of Taste Perception with Tobacco Smoking, Marijuana Use, and Weight Status in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chem Senses 2021; 46:bjab017. [PMID: 33835132 PMCID: PMC8306721 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual smoking of tobacco and marijuana can lead to weight changes and poor diet quality. These effects may be caused by taste changes related to smoking and marijuana use. This study examined the associations among taste perceptions of a bitterant (quinine) and salt, tobacco and marijuana use, and weight status. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013-2014. Participants (n = 2808; female = 51.7%) were adults ≥40 years with an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.6 kg/m2. Participants completed whole mouth and tongue tip assessments of bitter (quinine) and salty (NaCl) tastes, and questionnaires on demographics, cigarette, tobacco, and drug use. Measured height and weight were used to calculate BMI. Compared with never smokers, current smokers reported increased bitter ratings. Smoking status was not associated with salty taste intensity ratings after adjustment for demographic variables. Current marijuana users reported lower tongue tip quine ratings than never users. Among current smokers, current marijuana users had lower whole mouth quinine ratings than never users. Taste perception for salt and quinine for current and former smokers as well as marijuana smokers varied in whole mouth and tongue tip assessment. Changes in taste perception among cigarette smokers and marijuana consumers may be clinically relevant to address to improve diet and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexis T Franks
- National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brianna E Brooks
- National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Pilic L, Lubasinski NJ, Berk M, Ward D, Graham CAM, Da Silva Anastacio V, King A, Mavrommatis Y. The associations between genetics, salt taste perception and salt intake in young adults. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Veček NN, Mucalo L, Dragun R, Miličević T, Pribisalić A, Patarčić I, Hayward C, Polašek O, Kolčić I. The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041164. [PMID: 32331287 PMCID: PMC7230181 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread disorder and an important public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between salt taste perception, Mediterranean diet and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 2798 subjects from the general population of Dalmatia, Croatia. MetS was determined using the Joint Interim Statement definition, and Mediterranean diet compliance was estimated using Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Salt taste perception was assessed by threshold and suprathreshold testing (intensity and hedonic perception). Logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for important confounding factors. As many as 44% of subjects had MetS, with elevated waist circumference as the most common component (77%). Higher salt taste sensitivity (lower threshold) was associated with several positive outcomes: lower odds of MetS (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.92), lower odds for elevated waist circumference (0.47; 0.27–0.82), elevated fasting glucose or diabetes (0.65; 0.45–0.94), and reduced HDL cholesterol (0.59; 0.42–0.84), compared to the higher threshold group. Subjects with lower salt taste threshold were more likely to consume more fruit, and less likely to adhere to olive oil and white meat guidelines, but without a difference in the overall Mediterranean diet compliance. Salt taste intensity perception was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes, while salty solution liking was associated with MetS (OR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.02–3.35). This study identified an association between salt taste perception and MetS and gave a new insight into taste perception, nutrition, and possible health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Nika Veček
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.N.V.); (R.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Lana Mucalo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Ružica Dragun
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.N.V.); (R.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Tanja Miličević
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Center Split, Šoltanska 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ajka Pribisalić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (N.N.V.); (R.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Inga Patarčić
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Salt Taste Genotype, Dietary Habits and Biomarkers of Health: No Associations in an Elderly Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041056. [PMID: 32290310 PMCID: PMC7231396 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A small amount of emerging research has observed variations between individual sensitivity, preference and intake of salt in the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the genes encoding salt taste receptors. Sodium intake is a significant risk factor for common diseases in elderly populations such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease; however, this does not fully explain the risk. Research into the influence of salt taste genetics on diet quality is yet to be undertaken and current research on indicators of health is limited and mixed in the direction of associations. Therefore, a secondary analysis of data from a well-characterised elderly cohort (the cross-sectional Retirement Health and Lifestyle Study, n = 536) was conducted to explore relationships between the salt taste-related SNP TRPV1-rs8065080 (assessed by Taqman genotyping assay), dietary habits and biomarkers of health. Data were analysed with standard least squares regression modelling and Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests. No association was found between the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype, sodium intake or multiple diet quality indices (assessed by food frequency questionnaire). Sodium-related markers of health including blood pressure and markers of kidney function (urinary creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratio) and general health markers, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), were also not related to TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype. To date, this study is the most comprehensive investigation conducted to determine if the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype relates to sodium intake and health markers influenced by sodium intake. Although no significant relationships were found, these findings are an important contribution to the limited body of knowledge surround this SNP. In addition to further research across other ages and cultures, the TRPV1-rs8065080 genotype may interact with other ion channels, and so further studies are required to determine if polymorphic variations influence sodium intake, diet and health.
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20
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Nolden AA, Feeney EL. Genetic Differences in Taste Receptors: Implications for the Food Industry. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:183-204. [PMID: 31922882 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inborn genetic differences in chemosensory receptors can lead to differences in perception and preference for foods and beverages. These differences can drive market segmentation for food products as well as contribute to nutritional status. This knowledge may be essential in the development of foods and beverages because the sensory profiles may not be experienced in the same way across individuals. Rather, distinct consumer groups may exist with different underlying genetic variations. Identifying genetic factors associated with individual variability can help better meet consumer needs through an enhanced understanding of perception and preferences. This review provides an overview of taste and chemesthetic sensations and their receptors, highlighting recent advances linking genetic variations in chemosensory genes to perception, food preference and intake, and health. With growing interest in personalized foods, this information is useful for both food product developers and nutrition health professionals alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Nolden
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA;
| | - Emma L Feeney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Martinelli J, Conde SR, de Araújo AR, Marcadenti A. Association between salt taste sensitivity threshold and blood pressure in healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2020; 138:4-10. [PMID: 32130310 PMCID: PMC9673843 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0166.r1.02102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is an important public health problem. Overweight and high salt intake are risk factors for its development. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between salt taste sensitivity threshold (STST) and blood pressure (BP) in healthy adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted in a private institution. METHODS 104 healthy adults (aged 18-59 years) were evaluated. Sociodemographic, clinical and dietary data were collected. Nutritional status and BP were assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). STST was assessed using graded saline solutions with sodium chloride concentrations ranging from 0.228 to 58.44 g/l. Identification of salty taste in solutions ≥ 3.652 g/l was used as the cutoff point for high STST. RESULTS Participants with high STST presented higher daily average intakes for energy (2017.4 ± 641.5 versus 1650.5 ± 357.7 kcal/day; P = 0.01) and sodium (3070.2 ± 1195.1 versus 2435.2 ± 963.6 mg/day; P = 0.01) and higher BMI (P = 0.008) and WC (P = 0.002). After adjustment for age, sex, sodium and potassium intake, WC and family history of hypertension, the averages for SBP and DBP in subjects with high STST were higher than in those with normal STST (SBP: 138.2 ± 1.7 versus 119.7 ± 0.9 mmHg; P < 0.001; DBP: 81.2 ± 1.9 versus 75.1 ± 1.0 mmHg; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION High STST was associated with elevated blood pressure in healthy adults, regardless of other risk factors for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Martinelli
- Registered Nutritionist, School of Nutrition, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado (RS) Brazil.
| | - Simara Rufatto Conde
- MSc. Registered Nutritionist, School of Nutrition, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado (RS) Brazil.
| | - Aline Ramos de Araújo
- MSc. Registered Nutritionist, Postgraduate Program on Nutrition Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- PhD. Professor, Postgraduate Program on Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre (RS); Professor, Postgraduate Program on Nutrition Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre (RS); and Researcher, HCor Research Institute, Hospital do Coração (IP-HCor), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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22
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Does genotype-based dietary advice elicit a change in dietary intake? Focus on hypertension and salt intake. Proc Nutr Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Bitter, Sweet, Salty, Sour and Umami Taste Perception Decreases with Age: Sex-Specific Analysis, Modulation by Genetic Variants and Taste-Preference Associations in 18 to 80 Year-Old Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101539. [PMID: 30340375 PMCID: PMC6213100 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in relating taste perception to diet and healthy aging. However, there is still limited information on the influence of age, sex and genetics on taste acuity as well as on the relationship between taste perception and taste preferences. We have analysed the influence of age on the intensity rating of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami (separately and jointly in a “total taste score”) and their modulation by sex and genetics in a relatively healthy population (men and women) aged 18–80 years (n = 1020 Caucasian European participants). Taste perception was determined by challenging subjects with solutions of the five basic tastes using standard prototypical tastants (6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), NaCl, sucrose, monopotassium glutamate and citric acid) at 5 increasing concentrations (I to V). We also measured taste preferences and determined the polymorphisms of the genes taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38), taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS2R38) and sodium channel epithelial 1 beta subunit (SCNN1B), as TAS2R38-rs713598, TAS1R2-rs35874116 and SCNN1B-rs239345 respectively. We found a statistically significant decrease in taste perception (“total taste score”) with increasing age for all the concentrations analysed. This association was stronger for the higher concentrations (p = 0.028; p = 0.012; p = 0.005; p = 4.20 × 10−5 and p = 1.48 × 10−7, for I to V in the multivariable-adjusted models). When we analysed taste qualities (using concentration V), the intensity rating of all the 5 tastes was diminished with age (p < 0.05 for all). This inverse association differed depending on the test quality, being higher for bitter (PROP) and sour. Women perceived taste significantly more intense than men (p = 1.4 × 10−8 for total taste score). However, there were differences depending on the taste, umami being the lowest (p = 0.069). There was a complex association between the ability to perceive a taste and the preference for the same. Significant associations were, nevertheless, found between a higher perception of sour taste and a higher preference for it in women. In contrast, the higher perception of sweet was significantly associated with a higher preference for bitter in both, men and women. The TAS2R38-rs713598 was strongly associated with bitter (PROP) taste (p = 1.38 × 10−50), having a significant interaction with sex (p = 0.030). The TAS1R2-rs35874116 was not significantly associated with sweet, whereas the SCNN1B-rs239345 was associated (p = 0.040) with salty taste. In conclusion, the inverse association between age and perceived taste intensity as well as the additional influence of sex and some genetic polymorphisms give rise to large inter-individual differences in taste perception and taste preferences that should be taken into account in future studies and for applications in precision nutrition for healthy aging.
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