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Hsu JCN, Tseng HW, Chen CH, Lee TS. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 interacts with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation in macrophages. Exp Anim 2024; 73:336-346. [PMID: 38508727 PMCID: PMC11254490 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a ligand-gated cation channel, is a receptor for vanilloids on sensory neurons and is also activated by capsaicin, heat, protons, arachidonic acid metabolites, and inflammatory mediators on neuronal or non-neuronal cells. However, the role of the TRPV1 receptor in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and its potential regulatory mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation has yet to be entirely understood. To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of the TRPV1 receptor in regulating LPS-induced inflammatory responses, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) harvested from wild-type (WT) and TRPV1 deficient (Trpv1-/-) mice were used as the cell model. In WT BMDMs, LPS induced an increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide, which were attenuated in Trpv1-/- BMDMs. Additionally, the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-Bα and mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein 1, were all decreased in LPS-treated Trpv1-/- BMDMs. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that LPS treatment increased the formation of TRPV1-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) complex in WT BMDMs. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 in BMDMs impaired the LPS-triggered immune-complex formation of TLR4, myeloid differentiation protein 88, and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, all of which are essential regulators in LPS-induced activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Moreover, genetic deletion of TRPV1 prevented the LPS-induced lethality and pro-inflammatory production in mice. In conclusion, the TRPV1 receptor may positively regulate the LPS-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages by increasing the interaction with the TLR4-CD14 complex and activating the downstream signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Tseng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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2
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Yoon KN, Lee HG, Yeom SJ, Kim SS, Park JH, Song BS, Yi SW, Do YJ, Oh B, Oh SI, Eun JB, Park SH, Lee JH, Kim HB, Lee JH, Hur TY, Kim JK. Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 alleviates salmonellosis and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15466. [PMID: 38965336 PMCID: PMC11224356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 (LA) in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium infection in weaned piglets. The investigation focused on the influence of LA on the gut microbiota composition, growth performance, and Salmonella fecal shedding. The results indicated that LA supplementation significantly improved average daily gain and reduced the prevalence and severity of diarrhea. Fecal analysis revealed reduced Salmonella shedding in the LA-supplemented group. Furthermore, LA notably altered the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing the levels of beneficial Bacillus and decreasing those of harmful Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes. Histopathological examination showed less intestinal damage in LA-treated piglets than in the controls. The study also observed that LA affected metabolic functions related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, thereby enhancing gut health and resilience against infection. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the feces were higher in the LA group, suggesting improved gut microbial activity. LA supplementation enriched the population of beneficial bacteria, including Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia and Campylobacter. These findings indicate the potential of LA as a probiotic alternative for swine nutrition, offering protective effects to the gut microbiota against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Joon Yeom
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Su Kim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won Yi
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Khan N, Kurnik-Łucka M, Latacz G, Gil K. Systematic-Narrative Hybrid Literature Review: Crosstalk between Gastrointestinal Renin-Angiotensin and Dopaminergic Systems in the Regulation of Intestinal Permeability by Tight Junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5566. [PMID: 38791603 PMCID: PMC11122119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the first part of this article, the role of intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs), together with gastrointestinal dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems, are narratively reviewed to provide sufficient background. In the second part, the current experimental data on the interplay between gastrointestinal (GI) dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems in the regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability are reviewed in a systematic manner using the PRISMA methodology. Experimental data confirmed the copresence of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human and rodent enterocytes. The intestinal barrier structure and integrity can be altered by angiotensin (1-7) and dopamine (DA). Both renin-angiotensin and dopaminergic systems influence intestinal Na+/K+-ATPase activity, thus maintaining electrolyte and nutritional homeostasis. The colocalization of B0AT1 and ACE2 indicates the direct role of the renin-angiotensin system in amino acid absorption. Yet, more studies are needed to thoroughly define the structural and functional interaction between TJ-associated proteins and GI renin-angiotensin and dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
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4
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Andrani M, Ferrari L, Borghetti P, Cavalli V, De Angelis E, Ravanetti F, Dall'Olio E, Martelli P, Saleri R. Short-chain fatty acids modulate the IPEC-J2 cell response to pathogenic E. coli LPS-activated PBMC. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105231. [PMID: 38513460 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal disorders can affect pigs of any age, especially when animals are young and more susceptible to infections and environmental stressors. For instance, pathogenic E. coli can alter intestinal functions, thus leading to altered nutrient adsorption by interacting with local cells through lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among several compounds studied to counteract the negative effects on the intestine, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on gut epithelial cells and resident immune cells. In this study, acetate and propionate were tested for their beneficial effects in a co-culture model of IPEC-J2 and porcine PBMC pre-stimulated with LPS from E. coli 0111:B4 aimed at mimicking the interaction between intestinal cells and immune cells in an inflammatory/activated status. IPEC-J2 viability was partially reduced when co-cultured with activated PBMC and nitric oxide concentration increased. IPEC-J2 up-regulated innate and inflammatory markers, namely BD-1, TLR-4, IL-8, TNF-α, NF-κB, and TGF-β. Acetate and propionate positively modulated the inflammatory condition by sustaining cell viability, reducing the oxidative stress, and down-regulating the expression of inflammatory mediators. TNF-α expression and secretion showed an opposite effect in IPEC-J2 depending on the extent of LPS stimulation of PBMC and TGF-β modulation. Therefore, SCFA proved to mediate a differential effect depending on the degree and duration of inflammation. The expression of the tight junction proteins (TJp) claudin-4 and zonula occludens-1 was up-regulated by LPS while SCFA influenced TJp with a different kinetics depending on PBMC stimulation. The co-culture model of IPEC-J2 and LPS-activated PBMC proved to be feasible to address the modulation of markers related to anti-bacterial immunity and inflammation, and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, which are involved in the in vivo responsiveness and plasticity to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Dall'Olio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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5
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Lee SY, Park YM, Yoo HJ, Hong SJ. Metabolomic pathways in food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14133. [PMID: 38727629 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is a widespread issue, affecting as many as 10% of the population. Over the past two to three decades, the prevalence of FA has been on the rise, particularly in industrialized and westernized countries. FA is a complex, multifactorial disease mediated by type 2 immune responses and involving environmental and genetic factors. However, the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Metabolomics has the potential to identify disease endotypes, which could beneficially promote personalized prevention and treatment. A metabolome approach would facilitate the identification of surrogate metabolite markers reflecting the disease activity and prognosis. Here, we present a literature overview of recent metabolomic studies conducted on children with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoon Mee Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Respiratory Allergy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Zhou X, Liang J, Xiong X, Yin Y. Amino acids in piglet diarrhea: Effects, mechanisms and insights. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:267-274. [PMID: 38362520 PMCID: PMC10867606 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Piglet diarrhea is among one of the most serious health problems faced by the pig industry, resulting in significant economic losses. Diarrheal disease in piglets has a multifactorial etiology that is affected by physiology, environment, and management strategy. Diarrhea is the most apparent symptom of intestinal dysfunction. As a key class of essential nutrients in the piglet diet, amino acids confer a variety of beneficial effects on piglets in addition to being used as a substrate for protein synthesis, including maintaining appropriate intestinal integrity, permeability and epithelial renewal, and alleviating morphological damage and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Thus, provision of appropriate levels of amino acids could alleviate piglet diarrhea. Most amino acid effects are mediated by metabolites, gut microbes, and related signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of dietary amino acid effects on gut health and diarrhea incidence in piglets, and reveal the mechanisms involved. We also provide ideas for using amino acid blends and emphasize the importance of amino acid balance in the diet to prevent diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Lu X, Luo C, Wu J, Deng Y, Mu X, Zhang T, Yang X, Liu Q, Li Z, Tang S, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Ion channels and transporters regulate nutrient absorption in health and disease. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2631-2642. [PMID: 37638698 PMCID: PMC10494301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters are ubiquitously expressed on cell membrane, which involve in a plethora of physiological process such as contraction, neurotransmission, secretion and so on. Ion channels and transporters is of great importance to maintaining membrane potential homeostasis, which is essential to absorption of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. Most of nutrients are electrogenic and require ion channels and transporters to absorb. This review summarizes the latest research on the role of ion channels and transporters in regulating nutrient uptake such as K+ channels, Ca2+ channels and ion exchangers. Revealing the mechanism of ion channels and transporters associated with nutrient uptake will be helpful to provide new methods to diagnosis and find potential targets for diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc. Even though some of study still remain ambiguous and in early stage, we believe that ion channels and transporters will be novel therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Lu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jiangbo Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ya Deng
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xingyi Mu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Qian Du
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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8
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Guo P, Wang Z, Lv X, Wang X, Yu J, Tian X, Shan H, Qin Z. Changyanning regulates gut microbiota and metabolism to ameliorate intestinal injury induced by ETEC K88. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1098818. [PMID: 36778862 PMCID: PMC9909429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common pathogen of swine colibacillosis, which can causing a variety of diseases initiate serious economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. The traditional Chinese medicine Changyanning (CYN) often used for diarrhea caused by the accumulation of damp heat in the gastrointestinal tract, has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects. This study investigated the effect of CYN on gut microbiota and metabolism in mice infected with ETEC K88. A total of 60 Kunming mices were divided into Control group, ETEC K88 group, CYN.L group (2.5 g/kg), CYN.M group (5 g/kg), CYN.H group (10 g/kg) and BTW group (10 g/kg), determined clinical symptoms, intestinal morphology, inflammatory responses, gut microbiota as well as serum metabolites. CYN administration elevated ETEC K88-induced body weight loss, ameliorated duodenum, ilem, colon pathological injury, and reduced the increase of spleen index caused by ETEC. CYN also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNE-α) in the serum. 16s rRNA gene sequencing results showed that CYN increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia in the feces of mice. Moreover, CYN participates in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism in the process of serum metabolism to regulates ameliorate intestinal injury induced by ETEC K88. In conclusion, CYN regulates gut microbiota and metabolism to ameliorate intestinal injury induced by ETEC K88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zongke Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaying Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelei Tian
- QingDao Xnoba Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhihua Qin, ✉
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9
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Iamartino L, Brandi ML. The calcium-sensing receptor in inflammation: Recent updates. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1059369. [PMID: 36467702 PMCID: PMC9716066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1059369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a member of the class C of G-proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs), it plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis by directly controlling calcium excretion in the kidneys and indirectly by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release from the parathyroid glands. The CaSR is found to be ubiquitously expressed in the body, playing a plethora of additional functions spanning from fluid secretion, insulin release, neuronal development, vessel tone to cell proliferation and apoptosis, to name but a few. The present review aims to elucidate and clarify the emerging regulatory effects that the CaSR plays in inflammation in several tissues, where it mostly promotes pro-inflammatory responses, with the exception of the large intestine, where contradictory roles have been recently reported. The CaSR has been found to be expressed even in immune cells, where it stimulates immune response and chemokinesis. On the other hand, CaSR expression seems to be boosted under inflammatory stimulus, in particular, by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Because of this, the CaSR has been addressed as a key factor responsible for hypocalcemia and low levels of PTH that are commonly found in critically ill patients under sepsis or after burn injury. Moreover, the CaSR has been found to be implicated in autoimmune-hypoparathyroidism, recently found also in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Given the tight bound between the CaSR, calcium and vitamin D metabolism, we also speculate about their roles in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 (SARS-COVID-19) infection and their impact on patients' prognosis. We will further explore the therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting of the CaSR for the treatment and management of aberrant inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. (Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases), Florence, Italy
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10
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An S, Chen Y, Yang T, Huang Y, Liu Y. A role for the calcium-sensing receptor in the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-treated human dental pulp cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2871-2881. [PMID: 35699827 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the expression of inflammatory mediators of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The expression profile of CaSR in LPS-simulated hDPCs was detected using immunofluorescence, real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and Western blot analyses. Then, its regulatory effects on the expression of specific inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 were determined by RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LPS significantly downregulated the gene expression of CaSR, but upregulated its protein expression level in hDPCs. Treatments by CaSR agonist R568 or its antagonist Calhex231, and their combinations with protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 showed obvious effects on the expression of selected inflammatory mediators in a time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, an opposite direction was found between the action of R568 and Calhex231, as well as the expression of the pro- (IL-1β, IL-6, COX2-derived PGE2, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) mediators. The results provide the first evidence that CaSR-phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT-signaling pathway is involved in the release of inflammatory mediators in LPS-treated hDPCs, suggesting that the activation or blockade of CaSR may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulp inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng An
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhuo Chen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Wu ZH, Yang J, Chen L, Du C, Zhang Q, Zhao SS, Wang XY, Yang J, Liu Y, Cai D, Du J, Liu HX. Short-Term High-Fat Diet Fuels Colitis Progression in Mice Associated With Changes in Blood Metabolome and Intestinal Gene Expression. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899829. [PMID: 35747264 PMCID: PMC9209758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical cases and animal experiments show that high-fat (HF) diet is involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the specific mechanism is not fully clear. A close association between long-term HF-induced obesity and IBD has been well-documented. However, there has been limited evaluation of the impact of short-term HF feeding on the risk of intestinal inflammation, particularly on the risk of disrupted metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the metabolic profile and tested the vulnerability of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis after short-term HF feeding in mice. The results showed that compared with the control diet (CD), the fatty acid (FA), amino acid (AA), and bile acid (BA) metabolisms of mice in the HF group were significantly changed. HF-fed mice showed an increase in the content of saturated and unsaturated FAs and a decrease in the content of tryptophan (Trp). Furthermore, the disturbed spatial distribution of taurocholic acid (TCA) in the ileum and colon was identified in the HF group using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). After HF priming, mice on TNBS induction were subjected to more severe colonic ulceration and histological damage compared with their CD counterparts. In addition, TNBS enema induced higher gene expressions of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines under HF priming conditions. Overall, our results show that HF may promote colitis by disturbing lipid, AA, and BA metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Du
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Demin Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Du,
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Hui-Xin Liu,
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12
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Zhao X, Hui Q, Azevedo P, Nyachoti CM, O K, Yang C. Calcium-sensing receptor is not expressed in the absorptive enterocytes of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6549683. [PMID: 35294536 PMCID: PMC9030235 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a kokumi receptor that plays an essential role in nutrient sensing and animal physiology, growth, and development. Pig CaSR (pCaSR) was identified and characterized in the intestine. However, further research is still needed to confirm the expression of CaSR in the epithelial cells isolated from weaned piglets. In this study, primary enterocytes were isolated and characterized from the ileum of weaned piglets by the Weiser distended intestinal sac technique and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on sucrase-isomaltase (SI) as an enterocyte-specific marker. The expression of CaSR was investigated in both primary enterocytes and the intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line-j2 (IPEC-J2) by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Results demonstrated that porcine enterocytes could be obtained using FACS with the SI as the enterocyte-specific marker and that pCaSR is not expressed in both porcine ileal enterocytes and IPEC-J2 cells, which specifically identified the expression of pCaSR in ileal enterocytes with sensitive and specific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Qianru Hui
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Paula Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Karmin O
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Duanmu Q, Tan B, Wang J, Huang B, Li J, Kang M, Huang K, Deng Q, Yin Y. The Amino Acids Sensing and Utilization in Response to Dietary Aromatic Amino Acid Supplementation in LPS-Induced Inflammation Piglet Model. Front Nutr 2022; 8:819835. [PMID: 35111801 PMCID: PMC8801454 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.819835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids (AAAs) has been demonstrated to alleviate intestinal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the piglets. But the mechanism of AAA sensing and utilization under inflammatory conditions is not well-understood. The study was conducted with 32 weanling piglets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (diet and LPS challenge) in a randomized complete block design. Piglets were fed as basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.16% tryptophan (Trp), 0.41% phenylalanine (Phe), and 0.22% tyrosine (Tyr) for 21 days. The results showed that LPS treatment significantly reduced the concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) and total protein but increased leptin concentration, the activities of alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase in serum. Dietary supplementation with AAAs significantly increased the serum concentrations of CCK, peptide YY (PYY), and total protein but decreased the blood urea nitrogen. LPS challenge reduced the ileal threonine (Thr) digestibility, as well as serum isoleucine (Ile) and Trp concentrations, but increased the serum concentrations of Phe, Thr, histidine (His), alanine (Ala), cysteine (Cys), and serine (Ser) (P < 0.05). The serum-free amino acid concentrations of His, lysine (Lys), arginine (Arg), Trp, Tyr, Cys, and the digestibilities of His, Lys, Arg, and Cys were significantly increased by feeding AAA diets (P < 0.05). Dietary AAA supplementation significantly increased the serum concentrations of Trp in LPS-challenged piglets (P < 0.05). In the jejunal mucosa, LPS increased the contents of Ala and Cys, and the mRNA expressions of solute carrier (SLC) transporters (i.e., SLC7A11, SLC16A10, SLC38A2, and SLC3A2), but decreased Lys and glutamine (Gln) contents, and SLC1A1 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). In the ileal mucosa, LPS challenge induced increasing in SLC7A11 and SLC38A2 and decreasing in SLC38A9 and SLC36A1 mRNA expressions, AAAs supplementation significantly decreased mucosal amino acid (AA) concentrations of methionine (Met), Arg, Ala, and Tyr, etc. (P < 0.05). And the interaction between AAAs supplementation and LPS challenge significantly altered the expressions of SLC36A1 and SLC38A9 mRNA (P < 0.05). Together, these findings indicated that AAAs supplementation promoted the AAs absorption and utilization in the small intestine of piglets and increased the mRNA expressions of SLC transports to meet the high demands for specific AAs in response to inflammation and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Duanmu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuchun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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14
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Zhang B, Zeng M, Wang Y, Li M, Wu Y, Xu R, Zhang Q, Jia J, Huang Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Oleic acid alleviates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by restraining inflammation and oxidative stress via the Ras/MAPKs/PPAR-γ signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153818. [PMID: 34798521 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehmannia Glutinosa Libosch. is applied for the treatment of renal and inflammatory-related diseases, and oleic acid (OA) is a compound isolated from Rehmannia Glutinosa Libosch.. Unfortunately, the pharmacological activity of OA on LPS treated acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been investigated. AIMS The research is aiming to probe the activities of OA on LPS-induced AKI. METHODS Information of OA effect on AKI were from network pharmacology. H&E staining, creatinine (CRE) and urea nitrogen (UN) were performed to evaluate the activities of OA on kidney function. Inflammatory factors in serum were measured by cytometric bead array. Increased ratio of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in kidney and immune cells in the peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). PPAR-γ, MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways were measured by Western blot. Then, a metabolomics approach was utilized to investigate OA's response to AKI. The role of salirasib (FTS, Ras inhibitor) in OA acted on ROS, Ca2+, MMP and Ras signaling pathway in LPS treated NRK-52e cells were investigated by FCM and In-cell western. RESULTS It is proved that OA effetively ameliorated renal function, alleviated inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and transformed apoptotic, MAPK and PPAR-γ signaling pathways in mice with AKI, regulated phenylalanine metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, moreover, the role of OA in injury of NRK-52e was blocked by FTS. CONCLUSION In a word, OA could alleviate AKI by restraining inflammation and oxidative stress via regulating the Ras/MAPKs/PPAR-γ signaling pathway, phenylalanine metabolism, purine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, which might be a useful strategy for treating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Li
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiqi Xu
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jufang Jia
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- 156 Jinshui East Road, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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15
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Gao N, Dou X, Yin T, Yang Y, Yan D, Ma Z, Bi C, Shan A. Tryptophan Promotes Intestinal Immune Defense through Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Dependent Metabolic Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13460-13473. [PMID: 34748328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract forms a robust line of defense against invading pathogens through the production of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are crucial molecules of the innate defense system. Tryptophan could modulate intestinal immunity through promoting the expression of AMPs. However, the precise mechanism needs to be further clarified. In this study, we show that treatment with tryptophan for 24 h triggers (p < 0.05) the expression of porcine β-defensin (pBD) 1 (62.67 ± 3.10 pg/mL) and pBD2 (74.41 ± 1.33 pg/mL) in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) though calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-tryptophan metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, tryptophan alleviates (p < 0.05) intestinal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through induction of the defensins and activation of the CaSR-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the activation of CaSR induces the expression of defensins and decreases the levels of IL-1β (75.26 ± 2.74 pg/mL) and TNF-α (449.8 ± 23.31 pg/mL) induced by LPS (p < 0.05). Importantly, tryptophan maintains kynurenine homeostasis through the activation of CaSR during the inflammatory response. To that end, the work identifies a regulatory circuit between CaSR signaling and tryptophan metabolic pathways involved in the tryptophan-trigged AMP expression, which contributes to improving intestinal immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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16
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Liu G, Gu K, Wang F, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Zhang R, Tian G, Cai J, Tang J, Wang J. Tryptophan Ameliorates Barrier Integrity and Alleviates the Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 Through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748497. [PMID: 34745120 PMCID: PMC8566706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired intestinal barrier integrity plays a crucial role in the development of many diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, protecting the intestinal barrier from pathological disruption is of great significance. Tryptophan can increase gut barrier integrity, enhance intestinal absorption, and decrease intestinal inflammation. However, the mechanism of tryptophan in decreasing intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory response remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that tryptophan can enhance intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)/Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/phospholipase Cγ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling pathway. Methods IPEC-J2 cells were treated with or without enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 in the absence or presence of tryptophan, CaSR inhibitor (NPS-2143), wild-type CaSR overexpression (pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT), Rac1-siRNA, and PLC-γ1-siRNA. Results The results showed that ETEC K88 decreased the protein concentration of occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, CaSR, total Rac1, Rho family member 1 of porcine GTP-binding protein (GTP-rac1), phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1 (p-PLC-γ1), and inositol triphosphate (IP3); suppressed the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); and enhanced the permeability of FITC-dextran compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, 0.7 mM tryptophan increased the protein concentration of CaSR, total Rac1, GTP-rac1, p-PLC-γ1, ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, and IP3; elevated the TEER; and decreased the permeability of FITC-dextran and contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α. However, 0.7 mM tryptophan+ETEC K88 reversed the effects induced by 0.7 mM tryptophan alone. Rac1-siRNA+tryptophan+ETEC K88 or PLC-γ1-siRNA+tryptophan+ETEC K88 reduced the TEER, increased the permeability of FITC-dextran, and improved the contents of IL-8 and TNF-α compared with tryptophan+ETEC K88. NPS2143+tryptophan+ETEC K88 decreased the TEER and the protein concentration of CaSR, total Rac1, GTP-rac1, p-PLC-γ1, ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, and IP3; increased the permeability of FITC-dextran; and improved the contents of IL-8 and TNF-α compared with tryptophan+ETEC K88. pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT+Rac1-siRNA+ETEC K88 and pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT+PLC-γ1-siRNA+ETEC K88 decreased the TEER and enhanced the permeability in porcine intestine epithelial cells compared with pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT+ETEC K88. Conclusion Tryptophan can improve intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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López M, Madrid J, Hernández F, Ros MA, Segura JC, López MJ, Pallarés FJ, Sánchez CJ, Martínez-Miró S. Effect of Feed Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum, Alone or in Combination with Carob Meal or Citrus Pulp, on Digestive and Metabolic Status of Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102924. [PMID: 34679945 PMCID: PMC8532904 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the intensive production of weaned piglets, frequent digestive disorders need to be avoided, as it is a critical phase; however, there are limitations to using antibiotics and ZnO at high levels. In this study, we investigate the inclusion of a probiotic (Clostridium butyricum) in combination with sources of fiber that might have a potential prebiotic effect, generating an optimal digestive status for weaned piglets. A trial is carried out using 30 post-weaning piglets for 27 days using five dietary treatments: a negative control, a positive control with high levels of ZnO, and three dietary treatments supplemented with Clostridium butyricum (alone or in combination with carob meal or citrus pulp). Supplementation with this probiotic could improve the piglets’ intestinal wellness status by increasing butyric acid, without being altered by the inclusion of carob meal or citrus pulp at 5%, obtaining digestibility values comparable with those realized by the incorporation of high levels of ZnO in the diet. In addition, carob meal could decrease the concentration of serum interleukin-8 (a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine). However, a growth performance trial of piglets in commercial conditions needs to be developed to confirm these effects. Abstract This work studied the effects of the inclusion of Clostridium butyricum on feed, alone or with carob meal or citrus pulp, on the digestive and metabolic status of weaned piglets. A total of 30 male piglets (weaned at 21 days) is used. There are five dietary treatments: negative without ZnO at high doses (C−), a positive control supplemented with ZnO at 2500 ppm of Zn (C+), supplemented with Clostridium butyricum as a probiotic (PRO), and supplemented with probiotic and 5% carob meal (PROC) or 5% citrus pulp (PROP). During the experiment (27 days), the piglets were periodically weighed and sampled for a serum biochemical, fecal microbiological, intestine histological, and digestive status analysis. The body weight, apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), and fecal microbiology were not affected by the treatments (p ≥ 0.05). However, the apparent fecal digestibility of DM was lower for the C− treatment than for C+ (p < 0.05), and the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in feces with C+ was lower than that for the PROC treatment (p < 0.05). The treatments with the probiotic had a higher molar proportion of butyric acid in feces than C+, and it was found that C− reached an intermediate value (p < 0.01). No general effects of diet were found on the histological measures performed on the jejunum and ileum, and in the serum biochemical analysis (p ≥ 0.05), only the concentration of interleukin-8 was lower for the PROC treatment compared to the C−, C+, and PRO treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the intestinal wellness of piglets could be improved with the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum by increasing butyric acid, and this effect was not altered with the inclusion of carob meal or citrus pulp. More studies under commercial conditions are needed, as the effects might be different in more challenging environmental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.); (F.H.); (M.J.L.); (C.J.S.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.); (F.H.); (M.J.L.); (C.J.S.); (S.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-884-750
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.); (F.H.); (M.J.L.); (C.J.S.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Martín Antonio Ros
- Agrarian Transformation Society, Number 2439, La Hoya, 30816 Lorca, Spain; (M.A.R.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Juan Carlos Segura
- Agrarian Transformation Society, Number 2439, La Hoya, 30816 Lorca, Spain; (M.A.R.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Miguel José López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.); (F.H.); (M.J.L.); (C.J.S.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence–ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Cristian Jesús Sánchez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.); (F.H.); (M.J.L.); (C.J.S.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.L.); (F.H.); (M.J.L.); (C.J.S.); (S.M.-M.)
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Gu K, Liu G, Wu C, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Zhang R, Wang J. Tryptophan improves porcine intestinal epithelial cell restitution through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8787-8799. [PMID: 34374393 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of tryptophan on cell migration and its underlying mechanism in porcine intestine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). This study shows that tryptophan can modulate IPEC-J2 cell proliferation, enhance cell migration and the protein concentration of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR), total ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (total Rac1), Rho family member 1 of GTP-binding protein (GTP-rac1), and phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1 (p-PLC-γ1). Moreover, Rac1, phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) silencing or CaSR inhibitor (NPS2143) inhibited tryptophan-induced upregulation of cell migration. In contrast, tryptophan enhanced the cell migration area and protein concentration of total Rac1, GTP-rac1, and phosphorylated PLCγ1 in cells transfected with wild type CaSR. The overexpression of CaSR increased cell migration, which was reduced by Rac1 or PLC-γ1 silencing. Collectively, our results suggested that tryptophan can improve IPEC-J2 cell migration through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Bai M, Liu H, Wang S, Shu Q, Xu K, Zhou J, Xiong X, Huang R, Deng J, Yin Y, Liu Z. Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Improves Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Front Nutr 2021; 8:679129. [PMID: 34222303 PMCID: PMC8247480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.679129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent in China. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary MCR supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of the pigs and to explore whether MCR exerts positive effects on intestinal health via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota. Methods: MCR powder was identified by LC-MS analysis. Selected 32 weaned piglets (21 d of age, 6.37 ± 0.10 kg average BW) were assigned (8 pens/diet, 1 pig/pen) to 4 groups and fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg MCR for 21 d. After the piglets were sacrificed, antioxidant indices, histomorphology examination, and inflammatory signaling pathway expression were assessed. The 16s RNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of MCR on the intestinal microbiota structure of piglets. Results: Supplemental 4,000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), total antioxidative capability, colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα), and NF-κB in the jejunum and ileum. Microbiota sequencing identified that MCR supplementation significantly increased the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species, P < 0.05) and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Enterococcus (P < 0.05) and had no significant effects on the diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson, P > 0.05). Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR treatment. Regression analysis showed that the optimal MCR supplemental level for growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets was 3,420 ~ 4,237 mg/kg. Conclusions: MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, and alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng'an Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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King MA, Rollo I, Baker LB. Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1754-1765. [PMID: 33955260 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity and function are compromised during exertional heat stress (EHS) potentially leading to consequences that range from minor gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances to fatal outcomes in exertional heat stroke or septic shock. This mini-review provides a concise discussion of nutritional interventions that may protect against intestinal permeability during EHS and suggests physiological mechanisms responsible for this protection. Although diverse nutritional interventions have been suggested to be protective against EHS-induced GI permeability, the ingestion of certain amino acids, carbohydrates, and fluid per se is potentially effective strategy, whereas evidence for various polyphenols and pre/probiotics is developing. Plausible physiological mechanisms of protection include increased blood flow, epithelial cell proliferation, upregulation of intracellular heat shock proteins, modulation of inflammatory signaling, alteration of the GI microbiota, and increased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Further clinical research is needed to propose specific nutritional candidates and recommendations for their application to prevent intestinal barrier disruption and elucidate mechanisms during EHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A King
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, Illinois
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21
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Dietary alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, gut barrier function and inflammation in piglets post-weaning: Where are we now? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Mecocci S, Gevi F, Pietrucci D, Cavinato L, Luly FR, Pascucci L, Petrini S, Ascenzioni F, Zolla L, Chillemi G, Cappelli K. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles as Revealed by Metabolomic Profile. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2908. [PMID: 32977543 PMCID: PMC7598260 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived micro and nano-sized structures enclosed in a double-layer membrane, have been in the spotlight for their high potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Indeed, they act as signal mediators between cells and/or tissues through different mechanisms involving their complex cargo and exert a number of biological effects depending upon EVs subtype and cell source. Being produced by almost all cell types, they are found in every biological fluid including milk. Milk EVs (MEVs) can enter the intestinal cells by endocytosis and protect their labile cargos against harsh conditions in the intestinal tract. In this study, we performed a metabolomic analysis of MEVs, from three different species (i.e., bovine, goat and donkey) by mass spectroscopy (MS) coupled with Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Metabolites, both common or specific of a species, were identified and enriched metabolic pathways were investigated, with the final aim to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in view of prospective applications as a nutraceutical in inflammatory conditions. In particular, metabolites transported by MEVs are involved in common pathways among the three species. These metabolites, such as arginine, asparagine, glutathione and lysine, show immunomodulating effects. Moreover, MEVs in goat milk showed a greater number of enriched metabolic pathways as compared to the other kinds of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Luca Cavinato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco R. Luly
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fiorentina Ascenzioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Lello Zolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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The Effect of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity on the Expression of Nutrient Chemosensors in the Mouse Stomach and the Gastric Ghrelin Cell. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092493. [PMID: 32824949 PMCID: PMC7551456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stomach is the primary source of the orexigenic and adiposity-promoting hormone, ghrelin. There is emerging evidence on the nutrient-mediated modulation of gastric ghrelin secretion. However, limited information is available on gastric nutrient-sensing mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study investigated the impact of HFD-induced obesity on the expression of nutrient chemosensors in mouse stomach, particularly ghrelin cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. The expression of ghrelin, enzymes involved in ghrelin production (PC1/3, GOAT) and nutrient chemosensors (CD36, FFAR2&4, GPR93, CaSR, mGluR4 and T1R3) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR in the mouse corpus and antrum. Immunohistochemistry assessed the protein expression of CaSR and ghrelin in the corpus and antrum. Antral mRNA levels of CaSR and PC1/3 were increased in HFD compared to SLD mice, while mRNA levels of all other nutrient chemosensors examined remained unchanged. CaSR immunolabelling was observed in the gastric antrum only. Nearly 80% of antral ghrelin cells expressed CaSR, with a similar cell density and co-expression in SLD and HFD mice. In conclusion, HFD-induced obesity increased CaSR mRNA expression in mouse antrum. However, the high antral co-expression of CaSR and ghrelin was unaltered in HFD compared to SLD mice.
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Chloroquine Improves Deoxynivalenol-Induced Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Piglets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9834813. [PMID: 32587664 PMCID: PMC7303746 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9834813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of rapamycin (RAPA) and chloroquine (CQ) in supporting growth performance and the intestinal mucosal barrier in response to deoxynivalenol (DON) in piglets. A total of 32 healthy weaned piglets (bodyweight 7.10 ± 0.58 kg) were divided into four groups and treated daily with RAPA (1 mg/kg BW), CQ (10 mg/kg BW), or a control volume of normal saline (two groups) until the end of the experiment. After feeding a basal diet for seven days, three groups were then switched to mildewed feed containing 1 mg kg/DON for a further seven days. In contrast to the control group, DON-treated piglets showed decreased average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (ADFI), as well as negatively affected intestinal morphology as indicated by villus height, crypt depth, and tight junction protein expression. A group treated with RAPA and DON showed increased intestinal autophagy, aggravated inflammatory responses, and damage to the intestinal mucosa and permeability, leading to reduced growth performance. Meanwhile, a group treated with CQ and DON showed indices comparable to the non-DON control group, with alleviated inflammatory cytokines and healthy intestinal morphology and structure. They also showed better growth performance compared to DON treatment alone. These findings have important implications for mediating autophagy against DON in vivo, as well as the potential for CQ in improving growth performance and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity in weanling piglets.
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Chloroquine Downregulation of Intestinal Autophagy to Alleviate Biological Stress in Early-Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020290. [PMID: 32059526 PMCID: PMC7071126 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning is one of the biggest challenges in a pig’s life. Autophagy is a catabolic process aimed at recycling cellular components and damaged organelles in response to diverse stress conditions. There are two autophagy-modifying agents, rapamycin (RAPA) and chloroquine (CQ), that are often used in vitro and in vivo to regulate this process. We speculated that the regulation of autophagy may have some effect on weaning pressure. In this study, we try to understand the role of autophagy in intestinal barrier function and inflammation during the first week after weaning. We examined the effects of modulation of autophagy via RAPA and CQ on growth performance, immunity, inflammation profile, and the intestinal barrier to find potential value for CQ as a feed additive agent for ameliorating weaning stress. Abstract Early weaning stress impairs the development of gastrointestinal barrier function, causing immune system dysfunctions, reduction in feed intake, and growth retardation. Autophagy was hypothesized to be a key underlying cellular process in these dysfunctions. We conjectured that rapamycin (RAPA) and chloroquine (CQ), as two autophagy-modifying agents, regulate the autophagy process and may produce deleterious or beneficial effects on intestinal health and growth. To explore the effect of autophagy on early weaning stress in piglets, 18 early-weaned piglets were assigned to three treatments (each treatment of six piglets) and treated with an equal volume of RAPA, CQ, or saline. The degree of autophagy and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and cytokines, as well as intestinal morphology and tight junction protein expression, were evaluated. Compared with the control treatment, RAPA-treated piglets exhibited activated autophagy and had decreased final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05), impaired intestinal morphology and tight junction function, and higher inflammatory responses. The CQ-treated piglets showed higher final BW, ADG, jejuna and ileal villus height, and lower autophagy and inflammation, compared with control piglets (p < 0.05). Throughout the experiment, CQ treatment was beneficial to alleviate early weaning stress and intestinal and immune system dysfunction.
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Elajnaf T, Iamartino L, Mesteri I, Müller C, Bassetto M, Manhardt T, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Nutritional and Pharmacological Targeting of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Influences Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3072. [PMID: 31888253 PMCID: PMC6950720 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is the main regulator of extracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. It has diverse functions in different tissues, including the intestines. Intestine-specific knockout of the CaSR renders mice more susceptible to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. To test our hypothesis that the CaSR reduces intestinal inflammation, we assessed the effects of nutritional and pharmacological agonists of the CaSR in a colitis model. We treated female Balb/C mice with dietary calcium and protein (nutritional agonists of the CaSR) or pharmacological CaSR modulators (the agonists cinacalcet and GSK3004774, and the antagonist NPS-2143; 10 mg/kg), then induced colitis with DSS. The high-protein diet had a strong pro-inflammatory effect-it shortened the colons (5.3 ± 0.1 cm vs. 6.1 ± 0.2 cm normal diet, p < 0.05), lowered mucin expression and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ, (4.2-fold, p < 0.05) compared with the normal diet. Cinacalcet reduced mucin expression, which coincided with an increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (4.4-fold, p < 0.05) and IL-6 (4.9-fold, p < 0.05) in the plasma, compared with vehicle. The CaSR antagonist, NPS-2143, significantly reduced the cumulative inflammation score compared with the vehicle control (35.3 ± 19.1 vs. 21.9 ± 14.3 area under the curve, p < 0.05) and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. While dietary modulation of the CaSR had no beneficial effects, pharmacological inhibition of the CaSR may have the potential of a novel add-on therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Elajnaf
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Enikö Kallay
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
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Zhang WX, Zhang Y, Qin G, Li KM, Wei W, Li SY, Yao SK. Altered profiles of fecal metabolites correlate with visceral hypersensitivity and may contribute to symptom severity of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6416-6429. [PMID: 31798278 PMCID: PMC6881512 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i43.6416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal metabolites are associated with gut visceral sensitivity, mucosal immune function and intestinal barrier function, all of which have critical roles in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the metabolic profile and pathophysiology of IBS are still unclear. We hypothesized that altered profiles of fecal metabolites might be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D). AIM To investigate the fecal metabolite composition and the role of metabolites in IBS-D pathophysiology. METHODS Thirty IBS-D patients and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical and psychological assessments, including the IBS Symptom Severity System (IBS-SSS), an Italian modified version of the Bowel Disease Questionnaire, the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Visceral Sensitivity Index. Visceral sensitivity to rectal distension was tested using high-resolution manometry system by the same investigator. Fecal metabolites, including amino acids and organic acids, were measured by targeted metabolomics approaches. Correlation analyses between these parameters were performed. RESULTS The patients presented with increased stool water content, more psychological symptoms and increased visceral hypersensitivity compared with the controls. In fecal metabolites, His [IBS-D: 0.0642 (0.0388, 0.1484), HC: 0.2636 (0.0780, 0.3966), P = 0.012], Ala [IBS-D: 0.5095 (0.2826, 0.9183), HC: 1.0118 (0.6135, 1.4335), P = 0.041], Tyr [IBS-D: 0.1024 (0.0173, 0.4527), HC: 0.5665 (0.2436, 1.3447), P = 0.018], Phe [IBS-D: 0.1511 (0.0775, 0.3248), HC: 0.3967 (0.1388, 0.7550), P = 0.028], and Trp [IBS-D: 0.0323 (0.0001, 0.0826), HC: 0.0834 (0.0170, 0.1759), P = 0.046] were decreased in IBS-D patients, but isohexanoate [IBS-D: 0.0127 (0.0060, 0.0246), HC: 0.0070 (0.0023, 0.0106), P = 0.028] was significantly increased. Only Tyr was mildly correlated with BSFS scores in all subjects (r = -0.347, P = 0.019). A possible potential biomarker panel was identified to correlate with IBS-SSS score (R 2 Adjusted = 0.693, P < 0.001). In this regression model, the levels of Tyr, Val, hexanoate, fumarate, and pyruvate were significantly associated with the symptom severity of IBS-D. Furthermore, visceral sensation, including abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity, was correlated with isovalerate, valerate and isohexanoate. CONCLUSION Altered profiles of fecal metabolites may be one of the origins or exacerbating factors of symptoms in IBS-D via increasing visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xue Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Geng Qin
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai-Min Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Su-Yun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Hussain T, Yuan D, Tan B, Murtaza G, Rahu N, Kalhoro MS, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Eucommia ulmoides flavones (EUF) abrogated enterocyte damage induced by LPS involved in NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104674. [PMID: 31669396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides flavones (EUF) using enterocyte damage model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium with high glucose (DMEM-H) medium containing 0 or 10 μg/mL EUF, 0 or 40 ng/mL LPS. The results showed that LPS impaired DNA synthesis, cell viability, mitochondrial function, arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis, reduced SOD activity while the EUF treated cells provided beneficial effect on all these parameters (P < 0.05). The addition of EUF increased phosphorylated Akt, IκBα and phosphorylated IKKα/β, but decreased Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions in LPS-treated cells (P < 0.05). For the second experiment, cells were treated by DMEM-H medium containing 10 μg/mL EUF+ 40 ng/mL LPS or 10 μg/mL EUF+ 40 ng/mL LPS+ 10 μmol/L LY29400. EUF + LPS + LY29400 treatment significantly reduced cell viability, proliferation, mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters, SOD activity, and decreased protein expressions of PI3K, p-Akt, p-IKKα/β, p-NFκB and Bax (P < 0.05). These findings revealed the cytoprotective effects of EUF in enterocyte, which may involve the PI3K-NFκB signaling pathway, and it provides a theoretical basis for exploration of EUF as a potential anti-inflammatory compound to intervene intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China; Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O.Box: 128, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Diaxiu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China.
| | - Bie Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China.
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh 67210, Pakistan
| | - Najma Rahu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Saleem Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh 67210, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10008, China
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Amino Acids Influencing Intestinal Development and Health of the Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060302. [PMID: 31159180 PMCID: PMC6617173 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The health of piglets is an important issue in pig production. Nutritional support for intestinal development is a significant component of piglet care, and amino acids are essential for intestinal growth and development. For suckling piglets, the sows’ milk and the maternal environment shape the structure and support the function of the intestinal tract. The composition of milk affects intestinal morphology and the digestive, absorption and barrier function. After weaning, the optimal nutritional strategies of their diet are necessary to guarantee the piglets’ intestinal development and growth performance. Amino acids are the most important ingredient in piglet diets. The aim of this review is to collect and analyze the relationship between amino acid nutrition and intestinal development of piglets, and elucidate the impacts on piglet health. Abstract The amino acids and other components of diet provide nourishment for piglet intestinal development and maturation. However, early-weaned piglets struggle with tremendous stress, impairing normal intestinal health and leading to intestinal dysfunction and even death. The high prevalence worldwide of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) in piglets has led to much interest in understanding the important role of nutrients in the establishment and maintenance of a functional intestinal tract. In particular, the impacts of amino acids on these functions must be considered. Amino acid levels greatly influence intestinal development in weaning piglets. The lack of amino acids can cause marked structural and functional changes in the intestine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the functions of amino acids is necessary to optimize amino acid requirements of the developing intestinal tract to maximize piglet health and growth performance. This review summarizes the role of specific amino acids (arginine, glutamate, threonine, sulphur-containing amino acids (SCAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)) that have been proven to be beneficial for the intestinal health of weaned piglets.
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Tamura Y, Ohta H, Kagawa Y, Osuga T, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Takiguchi M. Plasma amino acid profiles in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1602-1607. [PMID: 31111561 PMCID: PMC6639477 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis is the common form of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs. In human IBD, disturbances of amino acid metabolism have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. Therefore, plasma amino acid profile might represent a novel marker of human IBD. OBJECTIVES To determine the plasma amino acid profiles of dogs with IBD and its usefulness as a novel marker of IBD in dogs. ANIMALS Fasting blood plasma was obtained from 10 dogs with IBD and 12 healthy dogs. METHODS All IBD dogs were prospectively included in this study, and heparinized blood samples were collected. The plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids were determined using the ninhydrin method. The relationships among the plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI), and overall World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) score were investigated. RESULTS Median concentration (nmol/mL) of methionine [46.2; range, 30.0-59.3], proline [119.4; range, 76.7-189.2], serine [115.1; range, 61.4-155.9], and tryptophan [17.4; range, 11.9-56.3]) were significantly lower than in control dogs [62.6; range, 51.0-83.6, 199.1; range, 132.5-376.7, 164.3; range, 124.7-222.9, and 68.3; range, 35.7-94.8, respectively]. A negative correlation was identified between the plasma serine concentration and CCECAI (r s = -.67, P = .03), but there were no correlations between plasma amino acid concentrations and CRP concentration or overall WSAVA score. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Plasma serine concentration might represent a novel maker of IBD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kagawa
- Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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