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Berriozabalgoitia A, Ruiz de Gordoa JC, Amores G, Santamarina-Garcia G, Hernández I, Virto M. Normal-Fat vs. High-Fat Diets and Olive Oil vs. CLA-Rich Dairy Fat: A Comparative Study of Their Effects on Atherosclerosis in Male Golden Syrian Hamsters. Metabolites 2023; 13:827. [PMID: 37512534 PMCID: PMC10383941 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between milk fat intake (because of its high saturated fatty acid content) and the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. Thus, Golden Syrian hamsters were fed two types of fat-sheep milk fat that was rich in rumenic (cis9,trans11-18:2) and vaccenic (trans11-18:1) acids and olive oil-and two doses (a high- or normal-fat diet) for 14 weeks, and markers of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis evolution were analyzed. The results revealed that the type and percentage of fat affected most plasma biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism, while only the expression of five (CD36, SR-B1, ACAT, LDLR, and HMG-CoAR) of the studied lipid-metabolism-related genes was affected by these factors. According to aortic histology, when ingested in excess, both fats caused a similar increase in the thickness of fatty streaks, but the high-milk-fat-based diet caused a more atherogenic plasma profile. The compositions of the fats that were used, the results that were obtained, and the scientific literature indicated that the rumenic acid present in milk fat would regulate the expression of genes involved in ROS generation and, thus, protect against LDL oxidation, causing an effect similar to that of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Berriozabalgoitia
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz de Gordoa
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Amores
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Santamarina-Garcia
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Igor Hernández
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mailo Virto
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Song F, Zhang K, Yang J, Wilson AS, Chen C, Xu X. The Hypolipidemic Characteristics of a Methanol Extract of Fermented Green Tea and Spore of Eurotium cristatum SXHBTBU1934 in Golden Hamsters. Nutrients 2023; 15:1329. [PMID: 36986059 PMCID: PMC10055714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT), a distinctive Chinese dark tea with the predominant fungus of Eurotium cristatum, offered significant health benefits to Chinese people. In the current study, the in vivo bioactivities of E. cristatum (SXHBTBU1934) fermented green tea and spores of E. cristatum fermented on wheat were investigated, respectively. The methanol extract of fermented green tea and spore of E. cristatum both showed potent lipid-lowering activity in the blood of a high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia model in golden hamsters and significantly reduced the accumulation of fat granules in the liver. These results indicated that the key active components were produced by E. cristatum. Chemical investigations suggested similar components in the two extracts and led to the identification of a new alkaloid, namely variecolorin P (1), along with four known structurally related compounds, (-)-neoechinulin A (2), neoechinulin D (3), variecolorin G (4), and echinulin (5). The structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated by HRESIMS, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR analysis. The lipid-lowering activity of these compounds was evaluated using an oleic acid-induced HepG2 cell line model. Compound 1 significantly reduced the lipid accumulation in the HepG2 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.127 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhang Song
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Annette S. Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Caixia Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiuli Xu
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
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Ulfiana Utari A, Djabir YY, Palinggi BP. A combination of virgin coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil elicits superior protection against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:138-144. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.37998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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Lima RDS, Block JM. Coconut oil: what do we really know about it so far? FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan da Silva Lima
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Lou-Bonafonte JM, Arnal C, Navarro MA, Osada J. Efficacy of bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oil to modulate atherosclerosis development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1043-57. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kraft J, Spiltoir JI, Salter AM, Lock AL. Differential effects of the trans-18:1 isomer profile of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in male F1B hamsters. J Nutr 2011; 141:1819-26. [PMID: 21880955 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.143776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-fatty acid consumption from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO) has been positively associated with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors and events. This study was designed to examine the effects of trans-fatty acid isomer profile of PHVO on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and hepatic expression of key genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Thirty-three male F(1)B strain Syrian Golden Hamsters were allocated to 1 of 3 hypercholesterolemic diets containing (5% by weight): 1) tristearin [control fat (CON)]; 2) partially hydrogenated high-oleic acid sunflower oil (PH-SUN); or 3) partially hydrogenated high-linoleic acid safflower oil (PH-SAF). PH-SUN contained more trans-4 to trans-10 18:1 compared with PH-SAF, which contained more trans-11 to trans-16 18:1. The addition of both PHVO to the diet increased plasma total cholesterol concentrations relative to CON, but only PH-SUN increased the plasma ratio of non-HDL:HDL cholesterol compared with CON. PH-SUN increased VLDL (total, large, and medium) and IDL particle concentrations while decreasing total, medium, and small HDL particle concentrations relative to CON. Both PHVO diets increased the hepatic cholesterol ester concentration, whereas the hepatic TG concentration was lower in PH-SUN compared with PH-SAF and CON. Levels of hepatic LDL receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, and sterol response element binding protein 1 mRNA were specifically reduced in the PH-SUN group compared to the CON group. Expression of SREBP1c was upregulated in both PHVO groups compared to CON, whereas only the PH-SAF group had higher levels of the lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 compared to CON. These results indicate that differences in the trans-fatty acid profile of PHVO can differentially affect lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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A time course study on prothrombotic parameters and their modulation by anti-platelet drugs in hyperlipidemic hamsters. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:205-16. [PMID: 21286889 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the chronology of major pathological events associated with high cholesterol (HC) diet and their modulation by anti-platelet drugs. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed HC diet up to 90 days. Plasma lipid, glucose and coagulation parameters (commercial kits), platelet activation (whole blood aggregation and static adhesion), endothelial dysfunction (aortic ring vasoreactivity), splenocyte TNF-α, IFN-γ and iNOS mRNA transcripts (RT-PCR), and ferric chloride (time to occlusion) induced thrombosis were monitored at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after HC feeding and compared with normolipidemic hamsters. A significant increase in plasma lipid levels was observed at 15 days of HC feeding, but other parameters remain unaltered. Enhanced ADP, collagen, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, splenocyte TNF-α expression along with endothelial dysfunction were observed from 30 to 90 days of HC feeding. Platelet adhesion on collagen-/fibrinogen-coated surface and IFN-γ expression were augmented only after 60 days, while enhanced iNOS expression, reduction in thrombin time, and potentiation of ferric chloride-induced thrombosis was observed only at 90 days of HC feeding. Thus, pathological changes induced by HC diet depend on the duration and extent of hyperlipidemia. Moreover, hamsters treated with anti-platelet drugs aspirin (5 mg/kg) or clopidogrel (10 mg/kg) along with HC feeding exhibited reduction in platelet activation as well as subsequent changes observed in the abovementioned parameters following HC feeding. Since reduction in TNF-α was associated with reversion in endothelial dysfunction and prothrombotic state, the role of platelets is implicated in the pathological changes associated with HC feeding.
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Srivastava RAK. Evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic activities of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and LXR agonists in hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis-susceptible F1B hamsters. Atherosclerosis 2011; 214:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dillard A, Matthan NR, Lichtenstein AH. Use of hamster as a model to study diet-induced atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:89. [PMID: 21143982 PMCID: PMC3004901 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Golden-Syrian hamsters have been used as an animal model to assess diet-induced atherosclerosis since the early 1980s. Advantages appeared to include a low rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, receptor-mediated uptake of LDL cholesterol, cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, hepatic apoB-100 and intestinal apoB-48 secretion, and uptake of the majority of LDL cholesterol via the LDL receptor pathway. Early work suggested hamsters fed high cholesterol and saturated fat diets responded similarly to humans in terms of lipoprotein metabolism and aortic lesion morphology. Recent work has not consistently replicated these findings. Reviewed was the literature related to controlled hamster feeding studies that assessed the effect of strain, background diet (non-purified, semi-purified) and dietary perturbation (cholesterol and/or fat) on plasma lipoprotein profiles and atherosclerotic lesion formation. F1B hamsters fed a non-purified cholesterol/fat-supplemented diet had more atherogenic lipoprotein profiles (nHDL-C > HDL-C) than other hamster strains or hamsters fed cholesterol/fat-supplemented semi-purified diets. However, fat type; saturated (SFA), monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated (PUFA) had less of an effect on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. Cholesterol- and fish oil-supplemented semi-purified diets yielded highly variable results when compared to SFA or n-6 PUFA, which were antithetical to responses observed in humans. Dietary cholesterol and fat resulted in inconsistent effects on aortic lipid accumulation. No hamster strain was reported to consistently develop lesions regardless of background diet, dietary cholesterol or dietary fat type amount. In conclusion, at this time the Golden-Syrian hamster does not appear to be a useful model to determine the mechanism(s) of diet-induced development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dillard
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Lecker JL, Matthan NR, Billheimer JT, Rader DJ, Lichtenstein AH. Impact of dietary fat type within the context of altered cholesterol homeostasis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in the F1B hamster. Metabolism 2010; 59:1491-501. [PMID: 20197195 PMCID: PMC2891578 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol status and dietary fat alter several metabolic pathways reflected in lipoprotein profiles. To assess plasma lipoprotein response and mechanisms by which cholesterol and dietary fat type regulate expression of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, we developed an experimental model system using F1B hamsters fed diets (12 weeks) enriched in 10% (wt/wt) coconut, olive, or safflower oil with either high cholesterol (0.1%; cholesterol supplemented) or low cholesterol coupled with cholesterol-lowering drugs 10 days before killing (0.01% cholesterol, 0.15% lovastatin, 2% cholestyramine; cholesterol depleted). Irrespective of dietary fat, cholesterol depletion, relative to supplementation, resulted in lower plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations (all Ps < .05). In the liver, these differences were associated with higher sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and 7α-hydroxylase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels; higher scavenger receptor B1 and apolipoprotein A-I mRNA and protein levels; lower apolipoprotein E protein levels; and in intestine, modestly lower sterol transporters adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) A1, ABCG5, and ABCG8 mRNA levels. Irrespective of cholesterol status, coconut oil, relative to olive and safflower oils, resulted in higher non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (both Ps < .05) and modestly higher sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 mRNA levels. These data suggest that, in F1B hamsters, differences in plasma lipoprotein profiles in response to cholesterol depletion are associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, whereas the effect of dietary fat type on gene expression was modest, which limits the usefulness of the experimental animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Lecker
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Jeffrey T. Billheimer
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Corresponding author. Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc., JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111. Tel. 617-556-3127.
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Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, De Caterina R. Nutraceuticals and Prevention of Atherosclerosis: Focus on ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mediterranean Diet Polyphenols. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28:e13-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Salter AM, Tarling EJ, Langley-Evans SC. Influence of maternal nutrition on the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in the offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Matthan NR, Dillard A, Lecker JL, Ip B, Lichtenstein AH. Effects of dietary palmitoleic acid on plasma lipoprotein profile and aortic cholesterol accumulation are similar to those of other unsaturated fatty acids in the F1B golden Syrian hamster. J Nutr 2009; 139:215-21. [PMID: 19106316 PMCID: PMC4274120 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.099804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lower susceptibility of palmitoleic acid (16:1) to oxidation compared to PUFA may confer functional advantages with respect to finding acceptable alternatives to partially hydrogenated fats, but limited data are available on its effect on cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated the effect of diets (10% fat, 0.1% cholesterol, wt:wt) enriched with macadamia [monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)16:1], palm (SFA,16:0), canola (MUFA,18:1), or safflower (PUFA,18:2) oils on lipoprotein profiles and aortic cholesterol accumulation in F1B Golden Syrian hamsters (n = 16/group). After 12 wk, 8 hamsters in each group were killed (phase 1). The remaining hamsters fed palm oil were changed to a diet containing coconut oil, while hamsters in the other diet groups continued on their original diets for an additional 6 wk (phase 2). With minor exceptions, the time course and dietary SFA source did not alter the study outcomes. Macadamia oil-fed hamsters had lower non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared with the palm and coconut oil-fed hamsters and higher HDL-cholesterol compared with the coconut, canola, and safflower oil-fed hamsters. The aortic cholesterol concentration was not affected by dietary fat type. The hepatic cholesterol concentration was higher in the unsaturated compared with the saturated oil-fed hamsters. RBC membrane and aortic cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles reflected that of the dietary oil. These data suggest that an oil relatively high in palmitoleic acid does not adversely affect plasma lipoprotein profiles or aortic cholesterol accumulation and was similar to other unsaturated fatty acid-rich oils.
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LeDoux M, Laloux L, Fontaine JJ, Carpentier YA, Chardigny JM, Sébédio JL. Rumenic Acid Significantly Reduces Plasma Levels of LDL and Small Dense LDL Cholesterol in Hamsters Fed a Cholesterol- and Lipid-Enriched Semi-Purified Diet. Lipids 2007; 42:135-41. [PMID: 17393219 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) consist of a series of positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid. CLA have been reported to beneficially affect cardiovascular risk factors in animal models. In order to assess the role of individual CLA isomers on lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, 30 hamsters were fed for 12 weeks an hyperlipidic diet containing pure cis-9,trans-11 CLA (c9,t11) or pure trans-10, cis-12 CLA (t10,c12) isomers given alone or as a mixture. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the c9,t11 CLA isomer fed hamsters relative to the Control group, with the most substantially effect on LDL cholesterol (-56%; P < 0.05). Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ significantly regarding those two groups. Plasma cholesterol parameters showed a tendency to decrease in the t10,c12 CLA isomer and CLA mixture fed hamsters compared with the Control group, but differences were not significant. For the first time, the atherogenic fraction of small dense LDL was investigated. Plasma small dense LDL cholesterol concentration was lower in the c9,t11 CLA relative to Control, while the t10,c12 and CLA mixture groups showed only a non significant tendency to decrease. Taken together, these data indicate that feeding rumenic acid (c9,t11 CLA) may beneficially affect lipoprotein profile in hamster fed a cholesterol- and lipid-enriched semi-purified diet, when t10,c12 CLA isomer or CLA mixture would be less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial LeDoux
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Qualité des Aliments et les Procédés Agroalimentaires, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Maisons Alfort, France.
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Butters rich either in trans-10-C18:1 or in trans-11-C18:1 plus cis-9, trans-11 CLA differentially affect plasma lipids and aortic fatty streak in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Animal 2007; 1:467-76. [PMID: 22444345 DOI: 10.1017/s175173110770530x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lock AL, Horne CAM, Bauman DE, Salter AM. Butter naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid alters tissue fatty acids and improves the plasma lipoprotein profile in cholesterol-fed hamsters. J Nutr 2005; 135:1934-9. [PMID: 16046719 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.8.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Butter, which is naturally enriched in cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid; RA) and vaccenic acid (VA), has been shown to be an effective anticarcinogen in studies with animal models; however, there has been no examination of the effects of a naturally derived source of VA and RA on atherosclerosis-related biomarkers. The current study was designed to determine the effect of a diet containing VA/RA-enriched butter on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid profiles in cholesterol-fed hamsters. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 20% added fat as: 1) Control, 20% standard butter (CT); 2) 5% standard butter + 15% VA/RA-enriched butter (EB); 3) 15% standard butter + 5% partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (VO). After 4 wk, plasma lipoproteins were isolated, cholesterol quantified, and tissue fatty acid profiles determined. Tissue concentrations of VA and RA were increased by consumption of the EB diet compared with both the CT and VO diets, whereas the VO diet increased their concentration compared with the CT diet only. Total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced in hamsters fed EB and VO compared with CT, whereas VLDL cholesterol concentrations were reduced in hamsters fed EB compared with those fed CT and VO. HDL cholesterol concentrations did not differ among treatments. The ratio of potentially atherogenic lipoproteins [VLDL + intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) + LDL] to antiatherogenic HDL was significantly lower in hamsters fed VA/RA-enriched butter (0.60) than in those fed either control diet (1.70) or the diet containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (1.04). Thus, increasing the VA/RA concentration of butter results in a plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profile that is associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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McAteer MA, Grimsditch DC, Vidgeon-Hart M, Benson GM, Salter AM. Dietary cholesterol reduces lipoprotein lipase activity in the atherosclerosis-susceptible Bio F(1)B hamster. Br J Nutr 2003; 89:341-50. [PMID: 12628029 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have compared lipoprotein metabolism in, and susceptibility to atherosclerosis of, two strains of male Golden Syrian hamster, the Bio F(1)B hybrid and the dominant spot normal inbred (DSNI) strain. When fed a normal low-fat diet containing approximately 40 g fat and 0.3 g cholesterol/kg, triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (chylomicron+VLDL) and HDL-cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.001) in Bio F(1)B hamsters than DSNI hamsters. When this diet was supplemented with 150 g coconut oil and either 0.5 or 5.0 g cholesterol/kg, significant differences were seen in response. In particular, the high-cholesterol diet produced significantly greater increases in plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the Bio F(1)B compared with the DSNI animals (P=0.002 and P<0.001 for cholesterol and triacylglycerol, respectively). This was particularly dramatic in non-fasting animals, suggesting an accumulation of chylomicrons. In a second experiment, animals were fed 150 g coconut oil/kg and 5.0 g cholesterol/kg for 6 and 12 months. Again, the Bio F(1)B animals showed dramatic increases in plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol, and this was confirmed as primarily due to a rise in chylomicron concentration. Post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was significantly reduced (P<0.001) in the Bio F(1)B compared with the DSNI animals at 6 months, and virtually absent at 12 months. Bio F(1)B animals were also shown to develop significantly more (P<0.001) atherosclerosis. These results indicate that, in the Bio F(1)B hybrid hamster, cholesterol feeding reduces lipoprotein lipase activity, thereby causing the accumulation of chylomicrons that may be associated with their increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina A McAteer
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Fernández-Jarne E, Martínez-Losa E, Prado-Santamaría M, Brugarolas-Brufau C, Serrano-Martínez M, Martínez-González MA. Risk of first non-fatal myocardial infarction negatively associated with olive oil consumption: a case-control study in Spain. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31:474-80. [PMID: 11980820 DOI: 10.1093/intjepid/31.2.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil is the main source of dietary lipids in most Mediterranean countries where mortality and incidence rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) are the lowest in Europe. Although international comparisons and mechanistic reasons support the hypothesis that a high olive oil intake may prevent CHD, limited data from studies of individuals are available. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Pamplona (Spain) recruiting 171 patients (81% males, age <80 years) who suffered their first acute myocardial infarction and 171 age-, gender- and hospital-matched controls (admitted to minor surgery, trauma or urology wards). A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (136 items) was used to appraise previous long-term dietary exposures. The same physician conducted the face-to-face interview for each case patient and his/her matched control. Conditional logistic regression modelling was used to take into account potential dietary and non-dietary confounders. RESULTS The exposure to the upper quintile of energy-adjusted olive oil (median intake: 54 g/day) was associated with a statistically significant 82% relative reduction in the risk of a first myocardial infarction (OR = 0.18; 95% CI : 0.06-0.63) after adjustment for dietary and non-dietary confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that olive oil may reduce the risk of coronary disease. These findings require confirmation in further observational studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fernández-Jarne
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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Stein Y, Stein O. Does therapeutic intervention achieve slowing of progression or bona fide regression of atherosclerotic lesions? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:183-8. [PMID: 11156850 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
-This review focuses on the regression of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals. It highlights the difficulties to determine unequivocally whether with a given therapeutic intervention, such as diet, drugs, or apheresis, the progression of lesions was curtailed or bona fide regression of atherosclerotic lesions was achieved. It seems appropriate to mention that 2 very different ways to measure regression were used in experimental animals and in humans. Regression in animals was determined mainly in the aorta or coronary arteries isolated at post mortem, and the criteria used were degree of sudanophilia and/or aortic wall thickness and cellular composition or cholesterol content. In humans, the evaluation of regression relied mainly on quantitative coronary angiography. The literature of the past decade is reviewed selectively but not exhaustively, and in some instances, a brief historical overview is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Stein
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Spady
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8887, USA
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