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Bawm S, Htun LL, Chel HM, Khaing Y, Hmoon MM, Thein SS, Win SY, Soe NC, Thaw YN, Hayashi N, Win MM, Nonaka N, Katakura K, Nakao R. A survey of gastrointestinal helminth infestation in smallholder backyard pigs and the first molecular identification of the two zoonotic helminths Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis in Myanmar. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:139. [PMID: 38582856 PMCID: PMC10998307 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infestations have a substantial economic impact on pig production. This study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal (GI) helminths in pigs and to molecularly characterise two important nematodes, Ascaris and Trichuris species. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 500 pig faecal samples were collected from small holder backyard pig farms in five townships within Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. Microscopic examination was conducted to estimate the prevalence of GI helminth infestation in the pigs. DNA extraction and PCR were performed on faecal samples that were morphologically positive for Ascaris and Trichuris eggs. Molecular analysis was then conducted to characterise A. suum and T. suis, the most common and zoonotic helminths. RESULTS According to microscopic examination, 69.2% (346/500) were positive for GI helminth eggs. The GI helminth species observed were A. suum, Strongyle, Strongyloides spp., T. suis, Metastrongylus spp., Hyostrongylus spp., Fasciolopsis spp., Paragonimus spp., and Schistosoma spp., with occurrences of 34.8%, 29.6%, 21.4%, 20.0%, 4.0%, 1.6%, 1.0%, 1.0%, and 0.4%, respectively. Mixed infections of GI helminths were noted in 31.0% of the samples. Overall, sampled pigs excreted mostly low levels (< 100 EPG) or moderate levels (> 100-500 EPG) of GI helminth eggs. The highest mean EPG for each parasite species was noted in A. suum. The presence of A. suum and T. suis was confirmed molecularly. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of A. suum showed high similarity with previously reported sequences. Likewise, the sequences of T. suis exhibited high similarity with the sequences reported from humans and pigs. Age was noted as an associated factor (P < 0.05) for GI helminth infection status. CONCLUSIONS In this report, A. suum and T. suis were molecularly identified for the first time in Myanmar. It is important to extend the information among the farmers to be aware of the necessity of preventing zoonotic parasites by practicing regular deworming, proper use of anthelmintics and maintaining hygienic conditions in their pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Bawm
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar.
- Department of Livestock and Aquaculture Research, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar.
| | - Lat Lat Htun
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Hla Myet Chel
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Yadanar Khaing
- Department of International Relations and Information Technology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Myint Myint Hmoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Su Su Thein
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Shwe Yee Win
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Nyein Chan Soe
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Yu Nandi Thaw
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mar Mar Win
- Rector Office, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken Katakura
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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Das S, Pandit S, Jas R, Baidya S, Mandal SC, Debbarma A, Batabyal S, De A. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in pigs of Tripura, India. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:108-116. [PMID: 38440748 PMCID: PMC10908662 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs breeds are an important livestock species mostly reared by economically lower incomesection of people in India. Within North-Eastern (NE) states, pig husbandry is very much popular hence maintain the livelihood of the rural native population. Gastrointentinal (GI) parasitic infectionisone of the major constraint in profitable pig production in this area. In the present study, the GI parasitism was investigated in 388 pigs in the three districts of Tripura, NE State of India. The examination of faecal samples revealed 61.65% overall prevalence of parasitic infestation, precisely6 GI parasitic species; including 4 nematodes and 2 protozoa, while 46.91% were the mixed infections.Metastrongylus spp. (17.53%), Strongyloids spp. (19.33%),Trichuris spp. (15.98%), Coccidia spp. (12.37%), and Balantidium coli (10.82%), were detected, however, Ascaris spp. was the most prevalentrecording 32.47%. The epidemiological factors including: age, sex, season, breed, area and farming system wise when considered as markers of study showed the highest prevalence of GI parasites in grower(6-12 months) stage, female, monsoon season, non-descript breeds, Khowai district and free range farming system, recorded 71.52%, 67.27%, 65.78%, 65.71%, 64.57%, and 69.44%, respectively. Overall, our study provides a baseline data for further investigation and formulation of strategies for control of GI parasitism in pigs in Tripura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Das
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, F/O- Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Soumitra Pandit
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, F/O- Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Ruma Jas
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, F/O- Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Surajit Baidya
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, F/O- Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Subhas Chandra Mandal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, F/O- Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Apurba Debbarma
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., R.K.Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura India
| | - Subhasis Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, F/O- Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68, K.B. Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Ankan De
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., R.K.Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura 799008 India
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Thanasuwan S, Piratae S, Thaowandee K, Amporn C. Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites on pig farms in Kalasin Province, Thailand. Vet World 2024; 17:273-281. [PMID: 38595646 PMCID: PMC11000488 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.273-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infections are the foremost and prevalent diseases that affect pigs in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of GI parasites among pigs in Kalasin Province. This study is the first attempt to understand the occurrence of GI parasites in pigs within Kalasin province using fecal samples as the methodology. Materials and Methods We collected 324 fecal samples directly from the rectums of pigs from May to July 2023. The formalin-ethyl acetate concentration and floatation methods were used to examine these samples. The eggs or oocysts were identified by observing their morphology and size under a light microscope. Results Of the 324 fecal samples examined, 276 tested positive for gastrointestinal parasitic infections, resulting in a prevalence rate of 85.19%. Nematodes were the most prevalent, with Strongyle-type infections being the highest in 267 cases (82.41%), followed by Ascaris suum in 222 cases (68.52%), and Trichuris spp. in 152 cases (46.91%). Strongyloides spp. infections were also observed in 92 cases (28.40%). However, trematode infection was relatively rare, with only Fasciola spp. found in 15 cases (4.63%). We identified Eimeria spp. in 87 cases (26.85%), Iodamoeba spp. in 70 cases (21.60%), Balantidium coli in 67 cases (20.68%), and Isospora spp. in 52 cases (16.05%). Notably, most of the positive fecal samples showed double infections with a prevalence rate of approximately 38.27%. Single infections were the next most common, accounting for 25.31% of the cases, followed by 3 parasites (14.81%) and 4-5 parasites (6.79%). Conclusion This study underscores the high endemicity of GI parasites among pigs in Kalasin province. To improve prevention and control measures, it is recommended to establish a health monitoring program that includes deworming and emphasizes good hygiene practices. The insights gained from this study will contribute to the enhancement of pig farming practices in Kalasin province, ultimately leading to improved production and profitability. In addition, future research should focus on detecting these parasites in Kalasin and exploring their relationship with human transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikanda Thanasuwan
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46000, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Piratae
- One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Keattipong Thaowandee
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46000, Thailand
| | - Chalothon Amporn
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46000, Thailand
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Sampaio M, Sianto L, Chame M, Saldanha B, Brener B. INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PECARI TAJACU AND SUS SCROFA DOMESTICUS IN THE CAATINGA FROM SOUTHEASTERN PIAUÍ, BRAZIL. J Parasitol 2023; 109:274-287. [PMID: 37436912 PMCID: PMC10658872 DOI: 10.1645/22-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identifies gastrointestinal parasites in the feces of Pecari tajacu (caititu) and Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) in southeastern Piauí, Brazil. The region covers 2 protected areas, Serra da Capivara National Park and Serra das Confusões National Park, and surrounding communities. Fecal samples from 64 animals, 42 from domestic swine and 22 from caititu, collected between 1985 and 2013, were analyzed by optical microscopy. Helminths and/or protozoa were found in 64% of the domestic pig samples and 27% of the caititu samples, totaling 18 morphospecies: Nematoda, Spirurida (2 morphospecies), Trichostrongyloidea, Eimeriidae, Aspidodera sp., Bertiella sp., Metastrongylus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Moniezia sp., Gongylonema sp., Trichuris suis, Spirocerca lupi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Strongyloides cf ransomi, Balantioides coli, and Eimeria cf scabra. The highest parasite diversity was obtained in the pig samples, totaling 15 morphospecies, compared to only 6 in caititus, with S. cf ransomi, G. urosubulatus, and S. lupi present in both hosts. We discuss the presence of parasites associated with domestic animals around the Protected Areas and potentially zoonotic parasites close to human communities, which raise concerns about the conservation of wildlife, human health, and livestock in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrara Sampaio
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sianto
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia e Laboratório de Ecologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Marcia Chame
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia e Laboratório de Ecologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Bruna Saldanha
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Brener
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-130, Brazil
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Larbi JA, Addo SO, Ofosu‐Amoako G, Offong UC, Odurah EM, Akompong SK. Burdens of Ascaris spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. parasites in farm pigs in Ghana. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1119-1125. [PMID: 35106957 PMCID: PMC9122417 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, intestinal parasites significantly affect the health and production of pigs. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of Ascaris and Cryptosporidium infection in pigs in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of Ghana. METHOD Faecal samples from two hundred (200) pigs on four different farms (labelled A, B, C, D) were processed using the Kinyoun modified Ziehl-Neelsen method for Cryptosporidium and the Formol-ether sedimentation method for Ascaris and microscopically examined to identify parasites to the genus level. RESULTS The prevalence of Ascaris and Cryptosporidium in the pigs was 76% and 77%, respectively. The weaners had the highest Ascaris prevalence (96.15%) with the piglets recording the least (59.25%). On the other hand, the piglets had the highest prevalence (88.89%) for Cryptosporidium with the boars, sows and weaners recording 75.86%, 75.42% and 73.08% respectively. The prevalence of Ascaris was high in farm D (78.57%) while Cryptosporidium was highest in farm C (86.11%). Generally, there was a significant difference (p = 0.044) in the mean distribution of Cryptosporidium in the pigs. CONCLUSION The high burden of Ascaris and Cryptosporidium infections in the pigs suggest the need to adopt and implement effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Asiedu Larbi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied BiologyCollege of ScienceKNUST, PMBKumasiGhana
| | - Seth Offei Addo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied BiologyCollege of ScienceKNUST, PMBKumasiGhana
- Parasitology DepartmentNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Ghana, LegonAccraGhana
| | - George Ofosu‐Amoako
- Department of Theoretical and Applied BiologyCollege of ScienceKNUST, PMBKumasiGhana
| | | | - Efua Maclean Odurah
- Department of Theoretical and Applied BiologyCollege of ScienceKNUST, PMBKumasiGhana
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Huo HF, Wu F, Xiang H. On threshold dynamics for periodic and time-delayed impulsive systems and application to a periodic disease model. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:836-854. [PMID: 34903015 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The basic reproduction ratio R0 of more general periodic and time-delayed impulsive model which the period of model coefficients is different from that of fixed impulsive moments, is developed. That R0 is the threshold parameter for the stability of the zero solution of the associated linear system is also shown. The developed theory is further applied to a swine parasitic disease model with pulse therapy. Threshold results on its global dynamics in terms of R0 are obtained. Some numerical simulation results are also given to support our main results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Huo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China
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Adhikari RB, Adhikari Dhakal M, Thapa S, Ghimire TR. Gastrointestinal parasites of indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) in south-central Nepal. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1820-1830. [PMID: 34021721 PMCID: PMC8464252 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasites have a significant impact on productivity of pigs. Additionally, presence of zoonotic parasites in pig faeces used as fertilizer and ingestion of raw or undercooked pork products originated from parasite-infested pigs pose a risk to human health. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) maintained under traditional rearing system in Nepal. METHODS Fresh faecal samples (n = 100) were collected from the pigs of varying age and sex maintained in 18 small-scale farms in south-central Nepal. Samples were processed using various standard methods and examined for parasite eggs, cysts or oocysts. RESULTS Prevalence of GI parasites in indigenous pigs was 91%, comprising of 14 different genera of protozoans and helminths. Male pigs generally had a higher (97.5%) prevalence of GI parasites than females (87%). While 90% of the suckling and weaner piglets were positive for the GI parasites, all growers and 85% the adult pigs were infected with the parasites. Entamoeba spp. were the primary protozoans in all age groups. Strongyloides sp. was more prevalent helminths in suckling and weaner piglets, whereas Ascarid spp. were higher in both growers and adults. Triplet infection was higher (33.3%) in suckling and weaner piglets, while quadruplet and pentuplet infections were higher (p < .05) among growers (46.7%) and adults (30%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The indigenous pigs harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites. GI parasitism varies by sex and age of the pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan B Adhikari
- Animal Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Third Pole Conservancy, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | | | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tirth R Ghimire
- Animal Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Department of Zoology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Prevalence of Swine Gastrointestinal Parasites in Nyagatare District, Rwanda. J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:8814136. [PMID: 33343933 PMCID: PMC7725576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While pig farming has been growing rapidly in Rwanda, its potential contribution to the prevalence of zoonotic infections is not well known. Pig production is usually affected by gastrointestinal parasites, some of which are zoonotic and can threaten human health. The knowledge about the status of such infections is essential for policy decisions and interventions. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites in Nyagatare district, Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved collecting 104 faecal samples from apparently healthy pigs. The floatation technique was used to identify the parasites and frequency distribution analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests of association were conducted for this study data. Overall, the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites was 84.6%, and the predominant species were Strongyle-type helminths representing 70.2%, followed by coccidia (55.8%), Strongyloides ransomi (39.4%), and Ascaris suum (10.6%). Of all parasitized pigs (n = 88), 84.1% developed coinfections involving 2, 3, or 4 different parasite species. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the location of pigs and parasitic infections and that some prevalent parasites are zoonotic. Interventions among pig farmers in Nyagatare should aim to improve awareness and to provide information on the negative impacts of swine gastrointestinal parasites on pig production and human health.
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Zheng Y, Xie Y, Geldhof P, Vlaminck J, Ma G, Gasser RB, Wang T. High anti-Ascaris seroprevalence in fattening pigs in Sichuan, China, calls for improved management strategies. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:60. [PMID: 32051006 PMCID: PMC7017502 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascariasis, caused by Ascaris suum, is an important soil-transmitted parasitic disease of pigs worldwide. It leads to significant economic losses in the pork industry, as a consequence of low feed conversion efficiency in pigs and liver condemnation at slaughter. Despite ascariasis still being widespread on pig farms in many developing and the industrialised countries, there are surprisingly limited data on porcine ascariasis in China, where nearly half of the world's total pork is produced. METHODS In the present study, using the recently developed A. suum-haemoglobin (As-Hb) antigen-based serological test, we screened 512 individual serum samples from fattening pigs from 13 farms across seven distinct locations of Sichuan Province in China for anti-Ascaris antibody. RESULTS The prevalence of anti-Ascaris antibody ranged from 0% to 100% on the distinct farms, with the mean (overall) seroprevalence being > 60%. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence between the intensive and extensive farms. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure anti-Ascaris seroprevalence in China. The results of this 'snapshot' investigation indicate that Ascaris infection in commercial pig farms in Sichuan Province is seriously underestimated, encouraging future, large-scale serological studies to assess the distribution and extent of Ascaris exposure and infection in various regions of China and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youle Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Johnny Vlaminck
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Guangxu Ma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Idika IK, Nwauzoije HC, Uju CN, Ugwuoke C, Ezeokonkwo RC. Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of pig in Nsukka area of Enugu State, Nigeria. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2017; 10:39-42. [PMID: 31014596 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a frequently used anthelmintic in pig production in Nigeria, because it is very effective against a broad range of endo- and ecto-parasites. However, gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection still remains a major threat in pig production in Enugu state, Nigeria. Hence, the efficacy of ivermectin against GI nematode parasites of pig was evaluated in pig farms located in Nsukka area of Enugu State, using the Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). From each of 11 pig farms, 10 randomly selected female pigs were used for the study. Faecal samples were collected per rectum from each of the pigs for analysis, and their individual faecal egg count (FEC) per gram of faeces determined prior to treatment with ivermectine® (1% Ivemectin). A repeat sampling was carried out on the same pigs 12days post treatment (PT) to determine PT FEC. The efficacy of the anthelmintic, was calculated using the formular, FECR (%)=100 X (1-[T2/T1]). The ivermectin produced mean FECR% of 98.36%±0.43% against strongyle eggs and 100% against ascarid and trichurid in the farms. Consequently, at the level of the FECRT, the ivermectin used in this study was effective against GI nematode parasites of pigs in the study area, and no resistance was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Idika
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - H C Nwauzoije
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - C N Uju
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Nigeria
| | - C Ugwuoke
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Nigeria
| | - R C Ezeokonkwo
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Li K, Lan Y, Luo H, Shahzad M, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang L, Liu D, Liu X, Hao Y, Sizhu S, Li J. Prevalence of three Oesophagostomum spp. from Tibetan Pigs analyzed by Genetic Markers of nad1, cox3 and ITS1. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:90-96. [PMID: 28030349 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes of Oesophagostomum spp., commonly known as 'nodular worms' are one of the most widely distributed and prevalent emerging zoonotic nematodes. However, little is known about the prevalence and gene characteristics of those parasites in Tibetan pigs. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, isolation and identification of Oesophagostomum spp from Tibetan pigs by genetic markers of nad1,cox3 and ITS1 for the first time. The results revealed that the infection rate of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum by genetic markers of nad1 was 81.13%; 35 (66.04%); the O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum by genetic markers cox3 was 66.04%, and O. dentatum and O. stephanostomum by genetic markers ITS1 was found to be 77.36%. Interestingly, the O. stephanostomum specie was identified and isolated from 90.48% stomach and 69.23% colon samples by genetic markers of ITS1. The present study, for the first time has described the presence and genetic characterization of Oesophagostomun spp of O. dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum and especially O. stephanostomum in Tibetan pigs from the high and remote Tibetan plateau. A public concern should be raised in terms of economical losses and severe public health problem.
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Zou Y, Wu F, Guo YX, Wang HB, Fang YQ, Kang M, Lin Q. Determining geographical variations in Ascaris suum isolated from different regions in northwest China through sequences of three mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:411-415. [PMID: 26730765 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1129404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The sequence diversities in three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely portions of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (pnad1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4), were investigated in all Ascaris suum samples isolated from four regions in northwestern China. Those genes were amplified by PCR method and the lengths of pnad1, pcox1, and pnad4 were 419 bp, 711 bp, and 723 bp, respectively. The intraspecific sequence variations within A. suum samples were 0-2.9% for pnad1, 0-2.1% for pcox1, and 0-3.1% for pnad4. Phylogenetic analysis combined with three sequences of mtDNA fragments showed that all A. suum samples were monophyletic groups, but samples from the same geographical origin did not always cluster together. The results suggested that the three mtDNA fragments could not be used as molecular markers to identify the A. suum isolates from four regions, and have important implications for studying molecular epidemiology and population genetics of A. suum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xu Guo
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Bao Wang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Fang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kang
- b College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University , Xining , Qinghai Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lin
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi Province , People's Republic of China
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Oxfendazole flukicidal activity in pigs. Acta Trop 2014; 136:10-3. [PMID: 24713198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although oxfendazole (OFZ) is a well know broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, the assessment of its potential trematodicidal activity remains unexplored. OFZ administration at single high doses has been recommended to control Taenia solium cysticercus in pigs. The current study investigated the flukicidal activity obtained after a single high (30mg/kg) oral dose of OFZ in pigs harbouring a natural Fasciola hepatica infection. Sixteen (16) local ecotype pigs were randomly allocated into two (2) experimental groups of 8 animals each named as follow: Untreated control and OFZ treated, in which animals received OFZ (Synanthic(®), Merial Ltd., 9.06% suspension) orally at 30mg/kg. At seven (7) days post-treatment, all the animals were sacrificed and direct adult liver fluke counts were performed following the WAAVP guidelines. None of the animals involved in this experiment showed any adverse event during the study. OFZ treatment as a single 30mg/kg oral dose showed a 100% efficacy against F. hepatica. In conclusion, the trial described here demonstrated an excellent OFZ activity against F. hepatica in naturally infected pigs, after its administration at a single oral dose of 30mg/kg.
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14
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Follow-up study of prevalence and control of ascariasis in swine populations in Serbia. Acta Parasitol 2013; 58:278-83. [PMID: 23990423 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-013-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cause of the most significant helminth diseases in swine - Ascaris suum, can also causes infections in humans. The use of swine manure in agriculture renders the eggs of this ascaridida an accessible source of infection, thus posing a significant risk factor for human health. With the objective of proving the prevalence of infection with A. suum nematodes in the territory of Serbia, investigations were carried out in the period between 2007-2011 in the territories of five districts: North Bačka, South Banat, Braničevo, Zlatibor and Nišava. The investigations covered coprological examinations of 1031 feces samples of swine originating from farms owned by individual breeders. The samples were examined using the standard flotation method with a saturated water solution of NaCl. The established prevalence of ascariasis infection amounted to 47.62% (1031/491). The biggest prevalence of infection was determined in the territory of the Braničevo District, 65.78% (301/198), and the smallest in the territory of the Nišava District, 32.24% (183/59). In spite of its prevalence and vast economic importance, there is still insufficient information about the key aspects of the biology and epidemiology of A. suum. Viewed from the aspect of epizootiology, it is very important to know the prevalence of swine infections with Ascaris because of the possible infection of humans by its migrating larvae.
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Lin RQ, Liu GH, Song HQ, Zhang Y, Li MW, Zou FC, Yuan ZG, Weng YB, Zhu XQ. Sequence variability in three mitochondrial genes between the two pig nodule worms Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:182-6. [PMID: 22651230 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.668892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sequence variation in three mitochondrial DNA regions, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 (nad1 and nad4), between Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum isolated from pigs in different geographical origins in Mainland China was examined, and their phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed. A partial of the cox1 (pcox1), nad1, and nad4 genes (pnad1 and pnad4) were amplified separately from individual nodule worms by PCR and were subjected to direct sequencing in order to define sequence variations. While the intraspecific sequence variations within each of the two species were 0.3-5.2% for pcox1, 0-4.9% for pnad1, and 0-7.1% for pnad4, the interspecific sequence differences were significantly higher, being 10.7-13.4% for pcox1, 11-14.6% for pnad1, and 14.9-18% for pnad4, respectively. There were a number of nucleotide positions in the pcox1, pnad1, and pnad4 sequences with no apparent intraspecific variation but distinct interspecific differences among those samples of Oesophagostomum spp. examined, which may be used as genetic makers for the identification and differentiation of the Oesophagostomum spp. Phylogenetic analyses using three inference methods, namely Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony based on the combined sequences of pcox1, pnad1, and pnad4 revealed that the O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum form monophyletic groups, respectively. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of the three mitochondrial sequences for studying systematics, population genetic structures, and the molecular ecology of Oesophagostomum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
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Tang S, chen L, Guo Z, Hu X, He J, Wang G, Zhao T, Xiao X. Pharmacokinetics of a new ivermectin/praziquantel oil suspension after intramuscular administration in pigs. Vet Parasitol 2012; 185:229-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Assessing the zoonotic potential ofAscaris suumandTrichuris suis: looking to the future from an analysis of the past. J Helminthol 2012; 86:148-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x12000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe two geohelminths,Ascaris lumbricoidesandTrichuris trichiura, infect more than a billion people worldwide but are only reported sporadically in the developed part of the world. In contrast, the closely related speciesA. suumandT. suisin pigs have a truly global distribution, with infected pigs found in most production systems. In areas where pigs and humans live in close proximity or where pig manure is used as fertilizer on vegetables for human consumption, there is a potential risk of cross-infections. We therefore review this relationship betweenAscarisandTrichurisin the human and pig host, with special focus on recent evidence concerning the zoonotic potential of these parasites, and identify some open questions for future research.
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Ascariasis in people and pigs: New inferences from DNA analysis of worm populations. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lai M, Zhou R, Huang H, Hu S. Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in pigs in Chongqing, China. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:e121-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:657-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:1589-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in growing pigs in Kabale District in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 43:567-72. [PMID: 21088893 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last 30 years, pig production in Uganda and neighbouring counties has increased markedly. Pigs are mainly kept as a source of income for small-scale farmers; however, the pig production is subject to several constraints, one of them being worm infections. A study was carried out in rural communities in Kabale District in the South Western part of Uganda in September and October 2007 in order to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in pigs based on coprological examination. Fifty-six households were randomly selected and visited. Housing system and deworming history were recorded. Faeces was sampled from rectum of one to five pigs (age, 3-12 months) per household. A total of 106 pigs were examined coprologically of which 91% excreted nematode eggs. The following prevalences of nematode eggs were recorded: strongyles (89%), Ascaris suum (40%), Trichuris suis (17%) and spiruroid eggs (48%). On household level, rearing pigs on slatted floors in pens significantly reduced the faecal egg excretion of strongyle eggs with almost 80% (p=0.010) and a significant interaction between floor type and anthelmintic treatment was found for spiruroids (p=0.037). Fifteen T. suis egg positive pigs were selected for post-mortem examination of the gastrointestinal tract. The post-mortem examinations revealed that 93% pigs were infected with Oesophagostomum spp. (worm burden, min-max 10-2,180), 73% with A. suum (1-36), 67% with T. suis (6-58), and 20% with Hyostrongylus rubidus (worms not quantified). In general, nematode infections were widespread and polyparasitism common in pigs in Uganda. However, worm burdens were moderate which may be related to recent deworming or to the practice of rearing pigs on slatted floors in wooden elevated pens.
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Chen N, Xu MJ, Nisbet AJ, Huang CQ, Lin RQ, Yuan ZG, Song HQ, Zhu XQ. Ascaris suum: RNAi mediated silencing of enolase gene expression in infective larvae. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:142-6. [PMID: 20691683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ascaris suum is an important parasite of pigs that causes tremendous economic losses globally to agriculture and animal husbandry annually. RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been described as a successful and useful approach for the elucidation of gene function in parasitic nematodes. In the present study, RNAi was used to silence the expression of a gene encoding enolase in A. suum by soaking infective larvae in double-stranded RNA derived from an EST (representing As-enol-1) selected from an A. suum infective larvae-specific cDNA library. The mRNA levels of RNAi-treated larvae were examined by Reverse-Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis. The survival of RNAi-treated larvae was compared with larvae treated with dsRNA-free culture medium. The effect of enolase depletion on the development of A. suum larvae was assessed by infecting BALB/c mice with RNAi-treated larvae. The results showed that enolase gene expression was silenced completely and the survival rate of the RNAi-treated nematodes was reduced by 20.11% (P<0.01) after soaking for 72 h. Although no significant difference was detected in the numbers of larvae recovered from the liver and lungs of infected mice 4 days post infection, RNAi knockdown of the A. suum enolase mRNA led to significant shorter larvae, indicating that loss of enolase expression may cause delays in larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China
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A multiplex PCR tool for the specific identification of Oesophagostomum spp. from pigs. Parasitol Res 2008; 103:993-7. [PMID: 18581142 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the porcine nodule worms Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum, a pair of specific primers (OdspF/OdspR2) for O. dentatum and a pair of specific primers (OqspF/OqspR) for O. quadrispinulatum were designed and used to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the identification and differentiation of the two porcine nodule worms. This approach allowed the specific identification and differentiation of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum, with no amplicons being amplified from heterogeneous DNA samples, and sequencing confirmed the identity of the sequences amplified. The minimum amount of DNA detectable using this multiplex PCR assay was 0.1 ng for both O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum. The identity of 53 porcine nodule worms collected from pigs from different geographical localities in mainland China was ascertained as O. dentatum or O. quadrispinulatum, respectively, by this multiplex PCR method. This multiplex PCR assay is useful for the simultaneous identification of eggs of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum and should provide a useful tool for the diagnosis and molecular epidemiological investigation of Oesophagostomum spp. infection in pigs.
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Lin RQ, Zhu XQ, Wei DX, Deng Y, Liu W, Song HQ, Li AX, Lun ZR. Characterization of Oesophagostomum spp. from pigs in China by PCR-based approaches using genetic markers in the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:351-6. [PMID: 17318577 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, samples of Oesophagostomum spp. collected from pigs from different geographical localities in mainland China were characterized genetically by polymerase chain reaction-linked single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques using genetic markers in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) was amplified from 51 individual nodule worms by PCR, and the amplicons were analyzed by SSCP. With the exception of slight microheterogeneity, SSCP analyses displayed two distinct banding profiles that allowed the identification of all Oesophagostomum spp. samples examined into two groups, the first one represented O. dentatum, and the second one may represent O. quadrispinulatum. Then, the entire ITS was amplified from individual samples, and the amplicons were digested with restriction endonuclease Pst I. The results of RFLP analyses were consistent with that of SSCP. Sequence analysis of ITS rDNA supported the identification and differentiation of Chinese Oesophagostomum spp. samples into two species, namely, O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum. These PCR-based approaches provide useful complementary tools to traditional methods for the accurate identification of Oesophagostomum spp. (irrespective of developmental stage) and have implications for studying the ecology and population genetic structures of these parasites and for the prevention and control of the diseases they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
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Bornay-Llinares F, Navarro-i-Martínez L, García-Orenes F, Araez H, Pérez-Murcia M, Moral R. Detection of intestinal parasites in pig slurry: A preliminary study from five farms in Spain. Livest Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Weng YB, Hu YJ, Li Y, Li BS, Lin RQ, Xie DH, Gasser RB, Zhu XQ. Survey of intestinal parasites in pigs from intensive farms in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. Vet Parasitol 2004; 127:333-6. [PMID: 15710534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of intestinal parasites was investigated in intensive pig farms in Guangdong Province, China between July 2000 and July 2002. Faecal samples from 3636 pigs (both sexes and five age groups) from 38 representative intensive pig farms employing different parasite control strategies were examined for the presence of helminth ova and protozoan oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites using standard techniques. Of the 3636 pigs sampled, 209 (5.7%) were infected with Trichuris suis, 189 (5.2%) with Ascaris, 91 (2.5%) with Oesophagostomum spp., 905 (24.9%) with coccidia (Eimeria spp. and/or Isospora suis) and 1716 (47.2%) with Balantidium coli. These infected pigs were mainly from farms without a strategic anti-parasite treatment regime. Concurrent infection of multiple parasites was common, and T. suis was the most common nematode infecting breeding, young and mature pigs. The results of the present investigation provide relevant 'base-line' data for assessing the effectiveness of control strategies against intestinal parasitism in intensively raised pigs in Guangdong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Weng
- Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China
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