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Reséndiz-González G, Olmedo-Juárez A, González-Garduño R, Cortes-Morales JA, González-Cortazar M, Sánchez-Mendoza AE, López-Arellano ME, Mercado-Márquez C, Lara-Bueno A, Higuera-Piedrahita RI. Anthelmintic efficacy of an organic fraction from Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and evaluation of reactive oxidative stress on Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2024; 261:108768. [PMID: 38679124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the anthelmintic efficacy of an organic fraction (EtOAc-F) from Guazuma ulmifolia leaves and the evaluation of its reactive oxidative stress on Haemonchus contortus. The first step was to assess the anthelmintic effect of EtOAc-F at 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 and 14 mg kg of body weight (BW) in gerbil's (Meriones unguiculatus) artificially infected with H. contortus infective larvae (L3). The second step was to evaluate the preliminary toxicity after oral administration of the EtOAc-F in gerbils. Finally, the third step was to determine the relative expression of biomarkers such as glutathione (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) against H. contortus L3 post-exposition to EtOAc-F. Additionally, the less-polar compounds of EtOAc-F were identified by gas mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The highest anthelmintic efficacy (97.34%) of the organic fraction was found in the gerbils treated with the 14 mg/kg of BW. Histopathological analysis did not reveal changes in tissues. The relative expression reflects overexpression of GPx (p<0.05, fold change: 14.35) and over expression of SOD (p≤0.05, fold change: 0.18) in H. contortus L3 exposed to 97.44 mg/mL of EtOAc-F compared with negative control. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), leucoanthocyanidin derivative (2), coniferyl alcohol (3), ferulic acid methyl ester acetate (4), 2,3,4-trimethoxycinnamic acid (5) and epiyangambin (6) as major compounds. According to these results, the EtOAc-F from G. ulmifolia leaves exhibit anthelmintic effect and increased the stress biomarkers on H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reséndiz-González
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Zootecnia, Posgrado en Producción Animal, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 38.5, CP 56230, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, C.P. 62574, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Garduño
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Zootecnia, Posgrado en Producción Animal, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 38.5, CP 56230, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Cortes-Morales
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Av. Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP 62209, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica Del Sur, Argentina No.1, Xochitepec, CP 62790, Mexico
| | - Ana Elvia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Laboratorio 3, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, 54714, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, C.P. 62574, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Crisóforo Mercado-Márquez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Laboratorio 3, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, 54714, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Lara-Bueno
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Zootecnia, Posgrado en Producción Animal, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 38.5, CP 56230, Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Laboratorio 3, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, 54714, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán, Mexico.
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Maurizio A, Perrucci S, Tamponi C, Scala A, Cassini R, Rinaldi L, Bosco A. Control of gastrointestinal helminths in small ruminants to prevent anthelmintic resistance: the Italian experience. Parasitology 2023; 150:1105-1118. [PMID: 37039466 PMCID: PMC10801368 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infections are ubiquitous in grazing ruminants and cause significant costs due to production losses. Moreover, anthelmintic resistance (AR) in parasites is now widespread throughout Europe and poses a major threat to the sustainability of modern ruminant livestock farming. Epidemiological data on the prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes and liver- and rumen-flukes in Italian small ruminants are outdated and fragmentary. However, anthelmintics are commonly used to control these infections and often without prior diagnosis. Compared to other European countries, few reports of AR in small ruminants against levamisole, ivermectin and benzimidazoles have been published in Italy, but recent studies suggest that this phenomenon is spreading. Increased and integrated research efforts in developing innovative approaches to control helminth infections and AR are needed and must be tailored to the peculiarities of each context in order to be effectively implemented. This manuscript provides an overview on helminth prevalence and distribution, sustainable treatment strategies and integrated control approaches in small ruminants in Italy. The implementation of targeted treatments and targeted selective treatments is discussed based on different parameters, such as fecal egg count, degree of anaemia (FAMACHA© method), milk production and body condition score. In addition, several Italian studies have also investigated the implementation of alternative strategies such as the use of different natural bioactive compounds or genetic selection for resistance and resilience to helminth infections. These concrete solutions for helminth management in small ruminant farms in the country are reported and discussed, representing a valid example for other Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maurizio
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rudi Cassini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, CREMOPAR, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, CREMOPAR, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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de Paula LL, Campos VP, Terra WC, Pedroso MP, Barros AF, Pacheco PVM, da Silva MSG. Effect of 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde from the Volatilome of Annona muricata on Meloidogyne incognita. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2352-2358. [PMID: 37552644 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1075-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for new soil fumigants has increased as a result of more restrictive legislation regarding the use of pesticides. In the present study, the potent nematicidal activity of volatile organic compounds released by the Annona muricata leaf macerate was demonstrated. In addition, we searched in the A. muricata volatilome for a molecule with potential to be developed as a new fumigant nematicide. In the greenhouse, even the lowest concentration of soursop leaf macerate tested (1.0%) as a biofumigant caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in Meloidogyne incognita infectivity and reproduction when compared with the nontreated control (0%). Forty-one compounds were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, of which three (sabinene, caryophyllene oxide, and 4-ethylbenzaldehyde) were selected for studies against the nematode. Among these compounds, in in vitro trails, only 4-ethylbenzaldehyde showed nematicidal activity at 250 µg ml-1. The effective doses of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde predicted to kill 50 and 95% of the M. incognita second-stage juvenile population after 48 h of exposure were 35 and 88 µg ml-1, respectively. In in vitro tests, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde at 150 µg ml-1 reduced M. incognita egg hatching to values similar (P > 0.05) to those of the commercial nematicide fluensulfone at a concentration of 200 µg ml-1. In plant experiments, as a soil fumigant, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde at a dose of 1 ml/liter of substrate had an effect similar (P > 0.05) to that of the commercial fumigant Dazomet (250 µg ml-1). Therefore, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde shows potential for development as a new nematicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia L de Paula
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Vicente P Campos
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Willian C Terra
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Márcio P Pedroso
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Chemistry, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Aline F Barros
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo V M Pacheco
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Maysa S G da Silva
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Phytopathology, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
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Bailly C. Ruta angustifolia Pers. (Narrow-Leaved Fringed Rue): Pharmacological Properties and Phytochemical Profile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040827. [PMID: 36840175 PMCID: PMC9959652 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ruta in the family Rutaceae includes about 40 species, such as the well-known plants R. graveolens L. (common rue) or R. chalepensis L. (fringed rue), but also much lesser-known species such as R. angustifolia Pers. (narrow-leaved fringed rue). This rue specie, originating from the Mediterranean region, is well-distributed in Southeast Asia, notably in the Indo-Chinese peninsula and other territories. In some countries, such as Malaysia, the plant is used to treat liver diseases and cancer. Extracts of R. angustifolia display antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic effects. Diverse bioactive natural products have been isolated from the aerial parts of the plant, notably quinoline alkaloids and furocoumarins, which present noticeable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and/or antiproliferative properties. The present review discusses the main pharmacological properties of the plant and its phytoconstituents, with a focus on the anticancer activities evidenced with diverse alkaloids and terpenoids isolated from the aerial parts of the plant. Quinoline alkaloids such as graveoline, kokusaginine, and arborinine have been characterized and their mode of action defined. Arborinine stands as a remarkable inhibitor of histone demethylase LSD1, endowed with promising anticancer activities. Other anticancer compounds, such as the furocoumarins chalepin and rutamarin, have revealed antitumor effects. Their mechanism of action is discussed together with that of other bioactive natural products, including angustifolin and moskachans. Altogether, R. angustifolia Pers. presents a rich phytochemical profile, fully consistent with the traditional use of the plant to treat cancer. This rue species, somewhat neglected, warrant further investigations as a medicinal plant and a source of inspiration for drug discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Wasquehal, F-59290 Lille, France
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8023866. [PMID: 36624864 PMCID: PMC9825222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8023866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis affects more than 1.5 billion people globally and largely remains a sanitary problem in Africa. These infections place a huge economic burden on poor countries and affect livestock production, causing substantial economic losses and poor animal health. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance, especially in livestock, and the potential for its widespread in humans create a need for the development of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants play a significant role in the management of parasitic diseases in humans and livestock, especially in Africa. This report reviews anthelmintic studies that have been conducted on medicinal plants growing in Africa and published within the past two decades. A search was made in various electronic databases, and only full articles in English were included in the review. Reports show that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts and polar fractions obtained from these crude extracts form the predominant (80%) form of the extracts studied. Medicinal plants, extracts, and compounds with different chemical groups have been studied for their anthelmintic potential. Polyphenols and terpenoids are the most reported groups. More than 64% of the studies employed in vitro assays against parasitic and nonparasitic nematode models. Egg hatch inhibition, larval migration inhibition, and paralysis are the common parameters assessed in vitro. About 72% of in vivo models involved small ruminants, 15% rodents, and 5% chicken. Egg and worm burden are the main factors assessed in vivo. There were no reports on interventions in humans cited within the period under consideration. Also, few reports have investigated the potential of combining plant extracts with common anthelmintic drugs. This review reveals the huge potential of African medicinal plants as sources of anthelmintic agents and the dire need for in-depth clinical studies of extracts, fractions, and compounds from African plants as anthelmintic agents in livestock, companion animals, and humans.
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Essential Oils as Novel Anthelmintic Drug Candidates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238327. [PMID: 36500419 PMCID: PMC9735941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Helminths, with an estimated 1.5 billion annual global infections, are one of the major health challenges worldwide. The current strategy of the World Health Organization to prevent helminth infection includes increasing hygienic awareness, providing better sanitation and preventative anthelmintic drug therapy in vulnerable populations. Nowadays, anthelmintic drugs are used heavily in livestock, both in case of infection and as a preventative measure. However, this has led to the development of resistance against several of the most common drugs, such as levamisole, ivermectin and thiabendazole. As many as 70% of the livestock in developed countries now has helminths that are drug resistant, and multiple resistance is common. Because of this, novel anthelmintics are urgently needed to help combat large-scale production losses. Prior to this review, no comprehensive review of the anthelmintic effects of essential oils and their components existed. Multiple review articles have been published on the uses of a single plant and its extracts that only briefly touch upon their anthelmintic activity. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of essential oils and their components as anthelmintic treatment against a wider variety of helminths.
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Ruta Chalepensis Full Extract and Organic Phases Exhibit Nematocidal Activity Against Haemonchus Contortus Eggs and Infective Larvae (L 3). Helminthologia 2022; 59:46-54. [PMID: 36756302 PMCID: PMC9075876 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovicidal and larvicidal effect of a full aqueous extract (FE) and two phases: an aqueous (Aq-Ph) and an ethyl acetate (EtOAc-Ph) from Ruta chalepensis (Rc) stems and leaves against Haemonchus contortus (Hc) were assessed. The egg hatching inhibition (EHI) assay and larval mortality (LM) test were performed by triplicate in 96-well micro-titration plates (n=4 wells). The FE against Hc eggs and larvae was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL; and 30, 60, 90, 120,150 and 200 mg/ mL, respectively. The ovicidal effect of Aq-F and EtOAc-F was assessed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. Plates were incubated at 28 °C for 48 (ovicidal assay) and 72 h (larvicidal assay). The EHI results were considered based on the mean number of eggs hatching failure after 48 h exposure. The LM was recorded after 72 h exposure to the Rc phases and expressed as mortality percentage. The Rc FE caused 96 and 100% EHI at 10 and 20 mg/mL, respectively; meanwhile, 74% LM was recorded at 200 mg/mL (p<0.05). The Aq-Ph showed 78.5% EHI at 2.5 mg/mL. Likewise, the EtOAc-Ph caused 100% EHI in almost all concentrations. Eighteen compounds including alkaloids, cumarins, triterpens, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols were identified by GC-MS analysis. The results indicate that the aqueous extract from Rc possesses bioactive compounds with in vitro nematocidal activity against Hc; mainly in the EtOAc-Ph. Further studies should be performed to elucidate those compounds searching for alternative methods of control of the sheep haemonchosis.
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Nahar L, El-Seedi HR, Khalifa SAM, Mohammadhosseini M, Sarker SD. Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities. Molecules 2021; 26:4766. [PMID: 34443352 PMCID: PMC8400350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruta L. is a typical genus of the citrus family, Rutaceae Juss. and comprises ca. 40 different species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. Ruta species have long been used in traditional medicines as an abortifacient and emmenagogue and for the treatment of lung diseases and microbial infections. The genus Ruta is rich in essential oils, which predominantly contain aliphatic ketones, e.g., 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone, but lack any significant amounts of terpenes. Three Ruta species, Ruta chalepensis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Ruta montana L., have been extensively studied for the composition of their essential oils and several bioactivities, revealing their potential medicinal and agrochemical applications. This review provides a systematic evaluation and critical appraisal of publications available in the literature on the composition and bioactivities of the essential oils obtained from Ruta species and includes a brief outlook of the potential applications of nanotechnology and chitosan-based products of Ruta essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Biomedical Centre (BMC), Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Majid Mohammadhosseini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran;
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Furanocoumarins from Ruta chalepensis with Amebicide Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123684. [PMID: 34208750 PMCID: PMC8233766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (protozoan; family Endomoebidae) is the cause of amoebiasis, a disease related to high morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, this illness is considered a significant public health issue in developing countries. In addition, parasite resistance to conventional medicinal treatment has increased in recent years. Traditional medicine around the world represents a valuable source of alternative treatment for many parasite diseases. In a previous paper, we communicated about the antiprotozoal activity in vitro of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) against E. histolytica. The plant is extensively employed in Mexican traditional medicine. The following workup of the MeOH extract of R. chalepensis afforded the furocoumarins rutamarin (1) and chalepin (2), which showed high antiprotozoal activity on Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites employing in vitro tests (IC50 values of 6.52 and 28.95 µg/mL, respectively). Therefore, we offer a full scientific report about the bioguided isolation and the amebicide activity of chalepin and rutamarin.
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Coimbra AT, Ferreira S, Duarte AP. Genus Ruta: A natural source of high value products with biological and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113076. [PMID: 32534112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ruta genus is constituted by ten species, of which the most commonly described are R. chalepensis and R. graveolens. Ruta plants are perennial shrubs belonging to the family Rutaceae, which are traditionally used in folk medicine, since ancient times mostly for the treatment of various ailments of the womb. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide a review of the different uses of Ruta species in traditional medicine, as well as, on their multifactorial biological and pharmacological properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of the literature on genus Ruta and Ruta species was performed using various scientific databases and search engines and the information of articles were reviewed and compiled. RESULTS Different parts of the plants belonging to Ruta genus are used in folk medicine to treat a wide range of different diseases. The principal use of these is in gynaecological field, but the treatment of pain, fever, nausea, inflammation, infections, nervous disorders, among others, are also described. These plants have been used to fertility regulation, as anti-fertility agent, to control menstrual flux and bleedings, as abortifacient and as contraceptive. The phytochemical composition of these plants consists mainly in essential oil (EO), but phenolic compounds were also reported, like coumarins and flavonoids, as well as alkaloids. Ruta species products like extracts and EOs have shown broad pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial and antifungal activities, as well as, antiviral and antiparasitic. Moreover, Ruta plants products present antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activities and demonstrated contraceptive and abortifacient effects. These plants were also tested to be used for non-therapeutic approaches, as bio-insecticides in the control of different insect pests showing to be able to reduce infestation. CONCLUSIONS Ruta species could be a potential source of natural products with biological activities. Ruta extracts, essential oils and isolated compounds have shown a diverse potential for use in the treatment of different diseases, as well as, for pests control, contributing to the valorisation of these plants. Nonetheless, this review indicates that more studies are needed to demonstrate the full potential of Ruta species, and to further explore the toxicology and safety of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Coimbra
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Liu M, Panda SK, Luyten W. Plant-Based Natural Products for the Discovery and Development of Novel Anthelmintics against Nematodes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030426. [PMID: 32182910 PMCID: PMC7175113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic nematodes infect approximately two billion people worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for human intestinal nematodes, control of infections currently relies mainly on chemotherapy, but resistance is an increasing problem. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of new anthelmintic drugs, especially ones with novel mechanisms of action. Medicinal plants hold great promise as a source of effective treatments, including anthelmintic therapy. They have been used traditionally for centuries and are mostly safe (if not, their toxicity is well-known). However, in most medicinal plants the compounds active against nematodes have not been identified thus far. The free-living nematode C. elegans was demonstrated to be an excellent model system for the discovery of new anthelmintics and for characterizing their mechanism of action or resistance. The compounds discussed in this review are of botanical origin and were published since 2002. Most of them need further studies of their toxicity, mechanisms and structure-activity relationship to assess more fully their potential as drugs.
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Landau SY, Santhi VS, Glazer I, Salame L, Muklada H, Haj-Zaroubi M, Awwad S, Markovics A, Azaizeh H. Can an entomopathogenic nematode serve, as proxy for strongyles, in assessing the anthelmintic effects of phenolic compounds? Exp Parasitol 2019; 209:107811. [PMID: 31809705 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As gastro-intestinal nematodes (GINs) become increasingly resistant to chemical anthelmintics, and because consumers scrutinize chemical residues in animal products, the use of herbal anthelmintics and in particular, phenolic compounds, has become attractive. Most life stages of GINs cannot be grown in the lab as they are obligatory parasites, which limits our understanding of the effects of phenolic compounds on their parasitic stages of life. We hypothesized that a species phylogenetically close to GINs and grown in vitro, the insect-parasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida; Heterorhabditiade), when fed with Photorhabdus luminescens exposed to plant phenolics, can serve, as proxy for strongyles, in assessing the anthelmintic effects of phenolic compounds. We compared the development of H. bacteriophora infective juveniles (IJ) and the exsheathment rate of L3 larvae of the strongyle Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis when exposed to catechin, rutin, chlorogenic and gallic acids, and myricetin. Gallic acid had the highest impact in terms of IJ mortality but the highest impairment of IJ development to adulthood was imposed by myricetin. The studied compounds were not lethal to GINs stricto sensu but we consider that the practical implications of total exsheathment inhibition and mortality on GIN populations are similar. Catechin and rutin had similar effects on rhabditid and strongyles: they imposed ca. 90% lethality of IJs at concentrations higher than 1200 ppm and the remaining live IJs did not develop further, and they also totally inhibited strongyle L3 exsheathment in a dose-response fashion. Gallic acid was 100% lethal to IJs exposed above 300 ppm and chlorogenic acid caused 87% mortality above 1200 ppm, with no development for the surviving IJs but for all lower concentrations, all the IJs developed to adult stages. Likewise, gallic and chlorogenic acids did not affect the exsheatment of GIN L3 larvae. Therefore, a discrepancy between the effects of gallic and chlorogenic acids on the development of rhabditid IJs and exsheathment of GIN L3 larvae was found only when they were exposed to high concentrations. A dose-response of IJ lethality to myricetin was found, with no IJ development between 150 and 2400 ppm; but contrary to the other compounds, myricetin also impaired IJ development of IJs above 10 ppm in a dose-response manner and showed dose-responses in the L3 exsheathment. Apart for the high rates of lethality imposed on IJs by gallic and chlorogenic acids at high concentration, these results suggest that H. bacteriophora fed P. luminescens exposed to phenolics shows potential to serve as model in studies of the anthelmintic effects of phenolics in GIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Yan Landau
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.
| | - Velayudhan Satheeja Santhi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Itamar Glazer
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Liora Salame
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hussein Muklada
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Manal Haj-Zaroubi
- The Institute of Applied Research (Affiliated with University of Haifa), The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, 20200, Israel
| | - Safaa Awwad
- The Institute of Applied Research (Affiliated with University of Haifa), The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, 20200, Israel
| | - Alex Markovics
- Kimron Veterinary Institutes, P.O.B. 12, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Hassan Azaizeh
- The Institute of Applied Research (Affiliated with University of Haifa), The Galilee Society, Shefa-Amr, 20200, Israel; Tel-Hai College, Department of Environmental Science, Upper Galilee, 12208, Israel
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Chemical analyses and anthelmintic effects of Artemisia campestris essential oil. Vet Parasitol 2018; 263:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Azzollini A, Boggia L, Boccard J, Sgorbini B, Lecoultre N, Allard PM, Rubiolo P, Rudaz S, Gindro K, Bicchi C, Wolfender JL. Dynamics of Metabolite Induction in Fungal Co-cultures by Metabolomics at Both Volatile and Non-volatile Levels. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29459851 PMCID: PMC5807337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal co-cultivation has emerged as a promising way for activating cryptic biosynthetic pathways and discovering novel antimicrobial metabolites. For the success of such studies, a key element remains the development of standardized co-cultivation methods compatible with high-throughput analytical procedures. To efficiently highlight induction processes, it is crucial to acquire a holistic view of intermicrobial communication at the molecular level. To tackle this issue, a strategy was developed based on the miniaturization of fungal cultures that allows for a concomitant survey of induction phenomena in volatile and non-volatile metabolomes. Fungi were directly grown in vials, and each sample was profiled by head space solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), while the corresponding solid culture medium was analyzed by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) after solvent extraction. This strategy was implemented for the screening of volatile and non-volatile metabolite inductions in an ecologically relevant fungal co-culture of Eutypa lata (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. (Diatrypaceae) and Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoemaker (Botryosphaeriaceae), two wood-decaying fungi interacting in the context of esca disease of grapevine. For a comprehensive evaluation of the results, a multivariate data analysis combining Analysis of Variance and Partial Least Squares approaches, namely AMOPLS, was used to explore the complex LC-HRMS and GC-MS datasets and highlight dynamically induced compounds. A time-series study was carried out over 9 days, showing characteristic metabolite induction patterns in both volatile and non-volatile dimensions. Relevant links between the dynamics of expression of specific metabolite production were observed. In addition, the antifungal activity of 2-nonanone, a metabolite incrementally produced over time in the volatile fraction, was assessed against Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria obtusa in an adapted bioassay set for volatile compounds. This compound has shown antifungal activity on both fungi and was found to be co-expressed with a known antifungal compound, O-methylmellein, induced in solid media. This strategy could help elucidate microbial inter- and intra-species cross-talk at various levels. Moreover, it supports the study of concerted defense/communication mechanisms for efficiently identifying original antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Azzollini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (EPGL), University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Boggia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (EPGL), University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicole Lecoultre
- Plant Protection, Mycology and Biotechnology, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (EPGL), University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (EPGL), University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katia Gindro
- Plant Protection, Mycology and Biotechnology, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (EPGL), University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
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