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Deng F, Ma J. Gender Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dyslipidemia in Initial-Treatment and Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:957-966. [PMID: 38737771 PMCID: PMC11088862 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s457631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is frequently comorbid with schizophrenia (SCZ), and both conditions often demonstrate significant gender differences in their clinical features. This study specifically focuses on investigating the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the factors that contribute to it in initial-treatment and drug-naïve (ITDN) SCZ patients, specifically focusing on gender differences. Methods A total of 224 male ITDN SCZ patients and 424 female ITDN SCZ patients were included in this study. Socio-demographic and general clinical data of the patients were collected, and routine biochemical parameters, such as lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, thyroid function, renal function, and blood cell counts, were measured. Patients were also assessed for psychopathology and disease severity using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity of Illness (CGI-SI), respectively. In addition, a lipids score was calculated for assessing the severity of dyslipidemia. Results The study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in male patients was 34.02% (83/224), whereas 33.25% (141/424) in females, indicating no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.04, p = 0.841). For males, the risk factors for dyslipidemia were high education levels and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while red blood cell count (RBC) as a protective factor. Additionally, DBP was identified as a risk factor for dyslipidemia score. In females, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was identified as a risk factor for dyslipidemia, while being married and creatinine (CRE) levels were found to be protective factors. Moreover, SBP was revealed as a risk factor for dyslipidemia score. Conclusion No significant gender differences were observed in the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the ITDN SCZ patients. However, notable gender differences were identified in the factors influencing dyslipidemia and its severity within this group. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing gender-specific interventions to address the potential risk factors associated with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Deng M, Kersten S. Characterization of sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 levels and function. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100526. [PMID: 38431115 PMCID: PMC10973588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
ANGPTL4 is an attractive pharmacological target for lowering plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular risk. Since most preclinical studies on ANGPTL4 were performed in male mice, little is known about sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 regulation and function. Here, we aimed to study potential sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein levels and ANGPTL4 function. Additionally, we performed exploratory studies on the function of ANGPTL4 in the liver during fasting using Angptl4-transgenic and Angptl4-/- mice. Compared to female mice, male mice showed higher hepatic and adipose ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein levels, as well as a more pronounced effect of genetic ANGPTL4 modulation on plasma lipids. By contrast, very limited sexual dimorphism in ANGPTL4 levels was observed in human liver and adipose tissue. In human and mouse adipose tissue, ANGPTL8 mRNA and/or protein levels were significantly higher in females than males. Adipose LPL protein levels were higher in female than male Angptl4-/- mice, which was abolished by ANGPTL4 (over) expression. At the human genetic level, the ANGPTL4 E40K loss-of-function variant was associated with similar plasma triglyceride reductions in women and men. Finally, ANGPTL4 ablation in fasted mice was associated with changes in hepatic gene expression consistent with PPARα activation. In conclusion, the levels of ANGPTL4 and the magnitude of the effect of ANGPTL4 on plasma lipids exhibit sexual dimorphism. Nonetheless, inactivation of ANGPTL4 should confer a similar metabolic benefit in women and men. Expression levels of ANGPTL8 in human and mouse adipose tissue are highly sexually dimorphic, showing higher levels in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Khatun A, Panchali T, Gorai S, Dutta A, Das TK, Ghosh K, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Chakrabarti S. Impaired brain equanimity and neurogenesis in the diet-induced overweight mouse: a preventive role by syringic acid treatment. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:271-288. [PMID: 36947578 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2187510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish diet-induced obesity and syringic acid (SA) was assessed for anti-obese, neuroprotective, and neurogenesis. METHOD Animals were given HFD for 12 weeks to measure metabolic characteristics and then put through the Barns-maze and T-maze tests to measure memory. Additionally, the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress parameters, the expression of inflammatory genes, neurogenesis, and histopathology was evaluated in the brain. RESULT DIO raised body weight, BMI, and other metabolic parameters after 12 weeks of overfeeding. A reduced spontaneous alternation in behavior (working memory, reference memory, and total time to complete a task), decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative biomarkers, increased neurogenesis, and impaired blood-brain barrier were all seen in DIO mice. SA (50 mg/kg) treatment of DIO mice (4 weeks after 8 weeks of HFD feeding) reduced diet-induced changes in lipid parameters associated with obesity, hepatological parameters, memory, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis. SA also reduced the impact of malondialdehyde and enhanced the effects of antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol (MDA). Syringic acid improved neurogenesis, cognition, and the blood-brain barrier while reducing neurodegeneration in the hippocampal area. DISCUSSION According to the results of the study, syringic acid therapy prevented neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, DIO, and memory loss. Syringic acid administration may be a useful treatment for obesity, memory loss, and neurogenesis, but more research and clinical testing is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Titli Panchali
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Tridip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | | | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
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Conlon DM, Welty FK, Reyes-Soffer G, Amengual J. Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1617-1625. [PMID: 37409532 PMCID: PMC10527393 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to reduce atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein levels remain the most effective and assessable strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. The discovery of novel research targets linked to pathways associated with cardiovascular disease development has enhanced our ability to decrease disease burden; however, residual cardiovascular disease risks remain. Advancements in genetics and personalized medicine are essential to understand some of the factors driving residual risk. Biological sex is among the most relevant factors affecting plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, playing a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This minireview summarizes the most recent preclinical and clinical studies covering the effect of sex on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. We highlight the recent advances in the mechanisms regulating hepatic lipoprotein production and clearance as potential drivers of disease presentation. We focus on using sex as a biological variable in studying circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences. University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
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Postprandial Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Responses to Grape Pomace Extract in Healthy Normal and Overweight/Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010156. [PMID: 36615813 PMCID: PMC9824782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial oxidative stress has been shown to promote atherosclerosis. Grape pomace (GP) is a source of similar-to-wine bioactive micro-constituents with known antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate metabolic and oxidative stress responses after the intake of grape pomace (GP) extract along with a high-fat meal, in normal and overweight healthy women. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 18 women were finally included, 11 with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 7 with BMI > 25 kg/m2, and consumed a high-fat meal with placebo or GP extract capsules in two separate visits. Blood samples were collected before and 6 h after the consumption. Measurements included basic biochemical markers, uric acid (UA), protein carbonyls (PC), thiobarbituric acid substance (TBARS) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. At certain time points, the GP extract consumption in normal-weight women reduced UA, TBARS levels, and SOD activity, whereas it increased UA and reduced PC levels in overweight/obese women, compared to the placebo. GP-derived bioactive compounds may exert antioxidant actions during the postprandial state in healthy women, through different mechanisms according to their BMI status.
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Vlasova OS, Bichkaeva FA, Nesterova EV, Shengof BA, Bichkaev AA, Baranova NF. Age‐related features of the content of substrates of energy metabolism and body mass index in women residing in the
S
ubarctic and
A
rctic regions of
R
ussia. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 35:e23841. [PMID: 36436838 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age is associated with a number of health risks linked to obesity caused by an imbalance in the main energy substrates-fatty acids (FA) and glucose (Glu). Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify age-related features of the metabolism of fatty acids and Glu, their correlations and the relation with the body mass index (BMI) in women of the local Caucasoid population from two northern regions of Russia with different nature, climate, and geography. METHODS We examined women aged 21-60 years born and permanently residing in the Subarctic region (SR) and the Arctic region (AR). The participants were divided into three age groups: 21-35, 36-45, and 46-60 years. The levels of FAs, Glu, and triglycerides (TG) in the blood serum were determined by spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods; the values of BMI and TyG (triglyceride glucose) index were calculated. To analyze data, we used the descriptive and correlation analyses by nonparametric methods, as well as multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS With age, the surveyed women demonstrated elevated levels of triglyceride, the majority of the studied fatty acids, BMI and TyG index. For three fatty acids, age-related changes were noted in one of the regions only: stearic and linoleic acids in the SR, and docosahexaenoic acid in the AR; no significant changes were observed for dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids. We found elevated Glu levels in women aged 46-60 years residing in the SR. Regional differences were due to higher concentrations of FAs and Glu in the AR. All identified correlations were positive. BMI values were associated with FAs and TG, and in women aged 46-60 years, they were additionally associated with Glu. The latter also correlated with some FAs and TG in this group. TyG index associations with saturated FAs (SFAs) became stronger with age. CONCLUSIONS Age has a significant impact on the homeostasis of key energy substrates (Glu, TG, SFAs, monounsaturated FAs), on BMI and TyG index, which are indicators of obesity and insulin resistance. Depending on the region of residence (Subarctic or Arctic), we found changes in the FA profile undersaturation (especially long-chain polyunsaturated FAs) and some specific features of Glu homeostasis (for the age groups of 21-35 and 46-60 years) in women of Caucasoid race in the Russian North. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI, as well as the region of residence and age, are significant predictors for almost all biochemical parameters, especially for TG and TyG index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Vlasova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Fatima A. Bichkaeva
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Nesterova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Boris A. Shengof
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Artem A. Bichkaev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Nina F. Baranova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
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Wu H, Yu Z, Huang Q. Characteristics of serum lipid levels in patients with hypertension: a hospital-based retrospective descriptive study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054682. [PMID: 36547874 PMCID: PMC9171285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is different among patients with hypertension in different populations. The serum lipid profiles among Hakka patients with hypertension in southern China are still unclear. METHODS 35 448 patients with hypertension were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to October 2020, and their serum lipids were analysed. RESULTS Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (29.9%) accounted for the highest proportion in dyslipidaemia, followed by high triglyceride (TG) (20.7%), high total cholesterol (TC) (14.0%) and high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (7.9%) in all subjects. The largest proportion of dyslipidaemia types was independent low HDL-C (12.7%). The proportion of low HDL-C was 15.5% in non-elderly men, 6.4% in non-elderly women, 16.7% in elderly men and 8.5% in elderly women, respectively. The largest proportion of dyslipidaemia types was independent high TG in non-elderly female patients (13.7%) and elderly patients (8.9%). The results showed that higher LDL-C, TC and TG levels in non-elderly patients than elderly patients. TG, TC and LDL-C levels decreasing with the increasing age, the differences were statistically significant. The levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in women were higher than in men among various age groups. Homocysteine level was increasing with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid levels varied in different groups according to age and sex in patients with hypertension. Dyslipidaemia is more common in non-elderly patients than elderly. TG, TC and LDL-C levels were higher in female patients than male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
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Laučytė-Cibulskienė A, Smaliukaitė M, Dadonienė J, Čypienė A, Mikolaitytė J, Ryliškytė L, Laucevičius A, Badarienė J. Inflammaging and Vascular Function in Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Hyperuricemia. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030373. [PMID: 35334550 PMCID: PMC8953262 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early vascular aging determines a more rapid course of age-related arterial changes. It may be induced by a proinflammatory state, caused by hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome and their interrelationship. However, the impact of serum uric acid (SUA) on early arterial stiffening and vascular function remains uncertain. Materials and Methods: A total of 696 participants (439 women aged 50–65 and 257 men aged 40–55) from the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk (LitHiR) primary prevention program were enrolled in the study. They underwent anthropometric measurements and laboratory testing along with arterial parameters’ evaluation. Quality carotid stiffness (QCS), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were registered. Results: We found that hyperuricemia was significantly associated with inflammation, registered by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in both sexes. A very weak but significant association was observed between cfPWV and SUA in men and in women, while, after adjusting for risk factors, it remained significant only in women. A positive, weak, but significant association was also observed for QCS, both right and left in women. No relationship was observed between crPWV, FMD, CIMT, and SUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Monika Smaliukaitė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jolanta Dadonienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Alma Čypienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jurgita Mikolaitytė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Ligita Ryliškytė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jolita Badarienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.D.); (A.Č.); (L.R.); (A.L.); (J.B.)
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:28. [PMID: 33516215 PMCID: PMC7847015 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherogenic dyslipidaemia has been implicated in the residual risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which remains despite attainment of LDL cholesterol goals especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, its relationship with all-cause death has not been sufficiently explored. This analysis evaluated the independent association of increased triglycerides and triglyceride:HDL cholesterol ratio (TG:HDL) and decreased HDL cholesterol with total mortality and the possible modifying effect of gender in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This observational, prospective study enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Diabetes Clinics throughout Italy in the years 2006–2008. Triglycerides and total and HDL cholesterol were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%). Participants were stratified by quartiles of triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and TG:HDL. Results There were 3,602 deaths over a follow-up 7.42 ± 2.05 years (31.0 × 1000 person-years). In the unadjusted analyses, the highest TG:HDL (but not triglyceride) and the lowest HDL cholesterol quartile were associated with increased death rate and mortality risk. When sequentially adjusting for confounders, including total, LDL, or non-HDL cholesterol and lipid-lowering treatment, mortality risk was significantly higher in the highest triglyceride (hazard ratio 1.167 [95% confidence interval 1.055–1.291], p = 0.003) and TG:HDL (1.192 [1.082–1.314], p < 0.0001) and the lowest HDL cholesterol (1.232 [1.117–1.360], p < 0.0001) quartile, though the association of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol disappeared after further adjustment for each other. Interaction with gender was significant only for HDL cholesterol (p = 0.0009). The relationship with death was stronger for triglycerides in males and HDL cholesterol in females, with these associations remaining significant even after adjustment for HDL cholesterol (1.161 [1.019–1.324], p = 0.025, for the highest vs the lowest triglyceride quartile) and triglycerides (1.366 [1.176–1.587], p < 0.0001, for the lowest vs the highest HDL cholesterol quartile). Conclusions In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher triglycerides and TG:HDL and lower HDL cholesterol were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality, with a modifying effect of gender for triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. These data suggest that atherogenic dyslipidaemia, especially TG:HDL, may serve as predictor of all-cause death in these individuals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, 15 July, 2008
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and obesity often coexist. There are sex differences in the mechanisms of obesity-related hypertension but the reasons for these differences are still not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in the development of hypertension associated with obesity. METHODS A total of 866 men and 1022 women were selected for the study. Anthropometric measurements, including arterial pressure measurements, were performed. The plasma lipid levels were measured using an enzymatic method with commercially available kits. RESULTS In both overweight and obesity, hypertensive women had more atherogenic lipid profiles and higher values of lipid accumulation product (LAP) than normotensive women. In overweight and obese men, no significant differences in lipid levels or LAP were noted between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension in women differs from that in men and tends to be associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya M Kaneva
- Institute of Physiology of Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Evgeny R Bojko
- Institute of Physiology of Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Dai H, Wang F, Kang Y, Sun J, Zhou H, Gao Q, Li Z, Qian P, Zhu G, Zhou Y. Adrenomedullin Attenuates Inflammation in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats Through Receptor-Mediated PKA Pathway. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:86-97. [PMID: 32985779 PMCID: PMC7821304 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenomedullin (ADM) possesses therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the effects of ADM on inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) of obese rats or in adipocytes were explored in this study. METHODS Male rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and obese rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps providing constant infusion of ADM (300 ng/kg per hour) and continued to be fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. RESULTS When compared with the control group, endogenous protein expression of ADM and ADM receptors in vWAT and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated adipocytes was markedly increased. ADM significantly decreased the protein expression of the inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in vWAT of obese rats and in adipocytes stimulated by LPS. It also inhibited the activation of the inflammatory signaling pathways MAPK and NF-κB induced by LPS in adipocytes. These effects of ADM in adipocytes were inhibited by the administration of ADM receptor antagonist and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activation inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS ADM can inhibit inflammation in WAT in obesity, which may be mediated by the activation of ADM receptors and PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang‐Bing Dai
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang‐Zheng Wang
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Li
- Department of CardiologyBenQ Medical CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guo‐Qing Zhu
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ye‐Bo Zhou
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Inter-individual differences in the nutrition response: from research to recommendations. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:171-173. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 Nutrition Society Spring Conference, which convened in Dundee, focused on the challenges presented by inter-individual differences in the responses to nutrition and in conducting nutritional research. The programme brought together national and international experts to discuss the collective evidence on inter-individual nutritional responses and impacts on health. Speakers and delegates from across the UK, Europe and the USA debated new methods of conducting research in nutrition and discussed the development of appropriate dietary interventions to maintain health and prevent disease in diverse populations. Symposium 1 focused on the effects of ethnicity on nutrient availability and type 2 diabetes and cardio-metabolic disease. Symposium 2 explored sex differences in nutrient availability and health and metabolism. The final symposium examined genetic and phenotypic variation, nutrition and health. The meeting ended with a panel discussion about how we take research to recommendations and concluded with a need to consider inter-individual differences in planning, conducting and analysing nutritional research.
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Vieira R, Souto SB, Sánchez-López E, Machado AL, Severino P, Jose S, Santini A, Fortuna A, García ML, Silva AM, Souto EB. Sugar-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome-Review of Classical and New Compounds: Part-I. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040152. [PMID: 31658729 PMCID: PMC6958392 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia together with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, which in general results from an insulin availability and need imbalance. In a great number of patients, marketed anti-glycemic agents have shown poor effectiveness in maintaining a long-term glycemic control, thus being associated with severe adverse effects and leading to an emerging interest in natural compounds (e.g., essential oils and other secondary plant metabolites, namely, flavonoid-rich compounds) as a novel approach for prevention, management and/or treatment of either non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T2DM, type 2 DM) and/or Metabolic Syndrome (MS). In this review, some of these promising glucose-lowering agents will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vieira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital São João, Prof. Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana López Machado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil.
- University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Industrial Biotechnology Program, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Sajan Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kerala 686631, India.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3 000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amelia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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