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He R, Zhang Q, Gu X, Xie Y, Xu J, Peng X, Yang G. Transcriptome Analysis of Otodectes cynotis in Different Developmental Stages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:687387. [PMID: 35444625 PMCID: PMC9014205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.687387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mite Otodectes cynotis is distributed worldwide and parasitism the ear canals of cats and dogs, causing otitis externa. Molecular biology of O. cynotis is poorly understood, with only a few genes being deposited in public databases. In the present study, we aimed to perform transcriptome analysis of O. cynotis using SMRT and Illumina sequencing of RNA from different development stages. SMRT-Seq of O. cynotis demonstrated 5,431 final transcripts, including 406 long non-coding RNAs and 2,698 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,357 up-regulated genes and 1,341 down-regulated genes between adult mites and nymph/larva. A total of 397 putative allergen genes were detected, 231 of which were DEGs. Among them, 77 were homologous of known mite allergens. The expression level of allergen genes hints at the pathogenicity of mites in different life stages, and the protein interaction network analysis could identify possible key genes in the pathogenic mechanism. Intriguingly, Gene Ontology analysis showed that most of the (DEGs) were associated with the terms hydrolase activity and proteolysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis identified drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 signal pathway as one of the top pathways. SMRT-Seq of the full-length transcriptome of O. cynotis was performed first, and a valuable resource was acquired through the combination analysis with the Illumina sequencing data. The results of our analyses provide new information for further research into Otodectes cynotis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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He R, Gu XB, Xie Y, Peng XR, Angel C, Yang GY. Transcriptome-based analysis of putative allergens of Chorioptes texanus. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:587. [PMID: 31842981 PMCID: PMC6916059 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mites of the genus Chorioptes are non-burrowing and cause mange in a wide range of domestic and wild animals including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, panda, moose, camelids, mydaus and alpacas. Molecular biology and host-parasite interactions of Chorioptes texanus are poorly understood, and only a few C. texanus genes and transcript sequences are available in public databases including the allergen genes. Methods Chorioptes texanus RNA was isolated from mites, and the transcriptome of C. texanus was analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Chorioptes texanus unigenes were compared with the allergen protein sequences from the mite allergen database website to predict the potential allergens. Chorioptes texanus putative allergen unigenes were compared with hydrolase genes by building a C. texanus hydrolase gene library with the best match of the homologous sequences. Three allergen genes were cloned and expressed, their recombinant proteins were purified and their allergenic activities were preliminarily investigated. Results Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) of C. texanus was analyzed and results demonstrated that 33,138 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 751 bp. A total of 15,130 unigenes were annotated and 5598 unigenes were enriched in 262 KEGG signaling pathways. We obtained 209 putative allergen genes and 34 putative allergen-hydrolase genes. Three recombinant allergen proteins were observed to induce different degrees of allergic reactions on rabbit skin. Conclusions The present transcriptome data provide a useful basis for understanding the host-parasite interaction and molecular biology of the C. texanus mite. The allergenic activities of recombinant Euroglyphus maynei 1-like (Eur m 1-like) protein, Dermatophagoides ptreronyssinus 1-like (Der p 1-like) protein and Dermatophagoides ptreronyssinus 7-like (Der p 7-like) protein were preliminarily investigated by intradermal skin test. Meanwhile, differences in eosinophil counts were observed in different injected sites of the skin. The identification of putative allergen genes and hydrolase genes offers opportunities for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and treatment methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue-Rong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sindh, 67210, Pakistan
| | - Guang-You Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Naz S, Desclozeaux M, Mounsey KE, Chaudhry FR, Walton SF. Characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei Tropomyosin and Paramyosin: Immunoreactive Allergens in Scabies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:851-860. [PMID: 28722633 PMCID: PMC5590589 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a human skin disease due to the burrowing ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis resulting in intense itching and inflammation and manifesting as a skin allergy. Because of insufficient mite material and lack of in vitro propagation system for antigen preparation, scabies is a challenging disease to develop serological diagnostics. For allergen characterization, full-length S. scabiei tropomyosin (Sar s 10) was cloned, expressed in pET-15b, and assessed for reactivity with IgE antibodies from human sera. IgE binding was observed to Sar s 10 with sera collected from subjects with ordinary scabies, house dust mite (HDM)-positive and naive subjects and a diagnostic sensitivity of < 30% was observed. S. scabiei paramyosin (Sar s 11) was cloned, and expressed in pET-28a in three overlapping fragments designated Sspara1, Sspara2, and Sspara3. IgE and IgG binding was observed to Sspara2 and Sspara3 antigens with sera collected from ordinary scabies, and HDM-positive subjects, but no binding was observed with sera collected from naive subjects. Sspara2 displayed excellent diagnostic potential with 98% sensitivity and 90% specificity observed for IgE binding and 70% sensitivity for IgG. In contrast, the diagnostic sensitivity of Sspara3 was 84% for IgE binding and 40% for IgG binding. In combination, Sspara2 and Sspara3 provided an IgE sensitivity of 94%. This study shows that IgE binding to Sspara2 and Sspara3 is a highly sensitive method for diagnosis of scabies infestation in clinical practice. The developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay helps direct future development of a specific diagnostic tool for scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Marion Desclozeaux
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate E. Mounsey
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Farhana Riaz Chaudhry
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shelley F. Walton
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
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He ML, Xu J, He R, Shen NX, Gu XB, Peng XR, Yang GY. Preliminary analysis of Psoroptes ovis transcriptome in different developmental stages. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:570. [PMID: 27809902 PMCID: PMC5096302 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoroptic mange is a chronic, refractory, contagious and infectious disease mainly caused by the mange mite Psoroptes ovis, which can infect horses, sheep, buffaloes, rabbits, other domestic animals, deer, wild camels, foxes, minks, lemurs, alpacas, elks and other wild animals. Features of the disease include intense pruritus and dermatitis, depilation and hyperkeratosis, which ultimately result in emaciation or death caused by secondary bacterial infections. The infestation is usually transmitted by close contact between animals. Psoroptic mange is widespread in the world. In this paper, the transcriptome of P. ovis is described following sequencing and analysis of transcripts from samples of larvae (i.e. the Pso_L group) and nymphs and adults (i.e. the Pso_N_A group). The study describes differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and genes encoding allergens, which help understanding the biology of P. ovis and lay foundations for the development of vaccine antigens and drug target screening. Methods The transcriptome of P. ovis was assembled and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. The unigenes of P. ovis from each developmental stage and the unigenes differentially between developmental stages were compared with allergen protein sequences contained in the allergen database website to predict potential allergens. Results We identified 38,836 unigenes, whose mean length was 825 bp. On the basis of sequence similarity with seven databases, a total of 17,366 unigenes were annotated. A total of 1,316 DEGs were identified, including 496 upregulated and 820 downregulated in the Pso_L group compared with the Pso_N_A group. We predicted 205 allergens genes in the two developmental stages similar to genes from other mites and ticks, of these, 14 were among the upregulated DEGs and 26 among the downregulated DEGs. Conclusion This study provides a reference transcriptome of P. ovis in absence of a reference genome. The analysis of DEGs and putative allergen genes may lay the foundation for studies of functional genomics, immunity and gene expression profiles of this parasitic mite species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1856-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Neng-Xing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue-Rong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guang-You Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Burgess STG, Nunn F, Nath M, Frew D, Wells B, Marr EJ, Huntley JF, McNeilly TN, Nisbet AJ. A recombinant subunit vaccine for the control of ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab). Vet Res 2016; 47:26. [PMID: 26861998 PMCID: PMC4748516 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep scab, caused by infestation with the mite Psoroptes ovis, is highly contagious, causing intense pruritus and represents a major welfare and economic concern. Disease control strategies rely upon chemotherapy, however, sustainability is questionable due to issues of chemical residues, eco-toxicity and acaricide resistance. Control by vaccination is supported by demonstration of protective immunity in sheep previously infested with P. ovis. We identified vaccine candidates for P. ovis based on: (1) antigens selected by their interaction with host signalling pathways and the host immune-response; and (2) those shown to be either immunogenic or involved in mite feeding. This resulted in the development and validation, in repeated immunisation and challenge trials, of a seven recombinant protein sub-unit cocktail vaccine. Sheep were inoculated on three occasions, 2 weeks apart, along with QuilA adjuvant. Vaccination resulted in highly significant reductions in both lesion size (up to 63%) and mite numbers (up to 56%) following challenge. Mean lesion size in vaccinates was significantly smaller than controls from 1 week post infestation (wpi) until the end of the experiment at 6 wpi. All antigens elicited serum IgG responses following immunisation and prior to infestation, whereas controls did not produce antigen-specific IgG during the pre-infestation period. Vaccinated animals showed an amnestic response, with levels of antigen-specific IgG against muGST, Pso o 1 and Pso o 2 increasing following infestation. This vaccine represents the greatest reduction in lesion size to date with a sheep scab vaccine, providing encouragement for future production of a commercially-viable means of immunoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Mintu Nath
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, JCMB, King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - David Frew
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Beth Wells
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Edward J Marr
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - John F Huntley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, EH26 0PZ, UK.
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Marr EJ, Sargison ND, Nisbet AJ, Burgess STG. Gene silencing by RNA interference in the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Mol Cell Probes 2015. [PMID: 26212476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) in the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Trouessart, 1897. Using a non-invasive immersion method first developed for the honey bee mite, Varroa destructor, a significant reduction in the expression of D. pteronyssinus glutathione-S-transferase mu-class 1 enzyme (DpGST-mu1) was achieved following overnight immersion in double stranded RNA encoding DpGST-mu1. Although no detrimental phenotypic changes were observed following silencing, this technique can now be used to address fundamental physiological questions and assess the potential therapeutic benefit in silencing D. pteronyssinus target genes in selected domestic situations of high human-mite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Marr
- Division of Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Sargison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Division of Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart T G Burgess
- Division of Vaccines and Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Lombardero M, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Allergen expression in the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus throughout development and response to environmental conditions. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:137-146. [PMID: 25565338 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites are a major source of allergy worldwide. While diagnosis and treatment based on mite extracts have remarkably advanced, little information exists on the expression of allergens in mites. We have studied gene expression of eight Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) allergens (Der p 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 21). All allergens showed higher transcription in nymphs compared with larvae or adults, with the only exception of Der p 10. The transcription of Der p 4 and Der p 10, together with the transcription and protein ratios Der p 1 to Der p 2, were higher in males than in females. One-week exposure of mite cultures to 16 or 35 °C (versus 24 °C) or low RH (44% versus 76%) significantly influenced the allergen gene transcription profile. Our results demonstrate that allergen expression is quantitatively and/or qualitatively influenced by mite development and sex, as well as by the environment. We suggest that monitoring allergen gene expression may be a useful tool to assist the optimization of mite cultures in the production of standardized allergenic extracts for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vidal-Quist
- Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Banerjee S, Resch Y, Chen KW, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, Novak N, Wickman M, van Hage M, Ferrara R, Mari A, Purohit A, Pauli G, Sibanda EN, Ndlovu P, Thomas WR, Krzyzanek V, Tacke S, Malkus U, Valent P, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Der p 11 is a major allergen for house dust mite-allergic patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:102-109. [PMID: 24999597 PMCID: PMC4636057 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) belong to the most potent indoor allergen sources worldwide and are associated with allergic manifestations in the respiratory tract and the skin. Here we studied the importance of the high-molecular-weight group 11 allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 11) in HDM allergy. Sequence analysis showed that Der p 11 has high homology to paramyosins from mites, ticks, and other invertebrates. A synthetic gene coding for Der p 11 was expressed in Escherichia coli and rDer p 11 purified to homogeneity as folded, alpha-helical protein as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Using antibodies raised against rDer p 11 and immunogold electron microscopy, the allergen was localized in the muscle beneath the skin of mite bodies but not in feces. IgE reactivity of rDer p 11 was tested with sera from HDM-allergic patients from Europe and Africa in radioallergosorbent test-based dot-blot assays. Interestingly, we found that Der p 11 is a major allergen for patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD), whereas it is only a minor allergen for patients suffering from respiratory forms of HDM allergy. Thus, rDer p 11 might be a useful serological marker allergen for the identification of a subgroup of HDM-allergic patients suffering from HDM-associated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinita Banerjee
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kuan-Wei Chen
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Sachs' Children's Hospital and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Adriano Mari
- Center for Molecular Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Wayne R Thomas
- Center for Child Health Research, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Tacke
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ursula Malkus
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Development of Allergen Chips, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Fitzpatrick J. Global food security: The impact of veterinary parasites and parasitologists. Vet Parasitol 2013; 195:233-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Zhang R, Jise Q, Zheng W, Ren Y, Nong X, Wu X, Gu X, Wang S, Peng X, Lai S, Yang G. Characterization and evaluation of a Sarcoptes scabiei allergen as a candidate vaccine. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:176. [PMID: 22897929 PMCID: PMC3436858 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoptic mange caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei is a worldwide disease affecting both humans and animals. Here we report the molecular characterization and evaluation of a recombinant S. scabiei tropomyosin (SsTm) protein in a vaccination trial in rabbits. Methods The full-length cDNA was cloned in a bacterial pET vector, and the recombinant protein was expressed in BL21 (DE3) cells and purified. Using specific rabbit antiserum, tropomyosin was localized immunohistochemically in mite tissue sections. Vaccination trials with the recombiant SsTm was carried out in New Zealand rabbits. Results The full-length open reading frame (ORF) of the 852 bp cloned gene from S. scabiei encodes a 32.9 kDa protein. The amino acid sequence showed 98.94%, 97.89% and 98.59% homology to Dermatophagoides farina and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 10 allergens and Psoroptes ovis tropomyosin, respectively. Tropomyosin was localized immunohistochemically in mite tissue sections mainly in the mouthparts, legs and integument of the epidermis. The predicted cross-reactivity of SsTm indicated that it is an allergenic protein. While vaccination with the recombiant SsTm resulted in high levels of specific IgG (P < 0.01), a low IgE antibody response and no significant protection against S. scabiei challenge were observed. After challenge, specific IgG levels remained significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01), while changes of total IgE levels were not significant (P > 0.05). However, the lesion areas in the vaccination group decreased at the end of the experiment compared with controls. Conclusions Although vaccination with recombinant SsTm did not efficiently control sarcoptic mange in rabbits, the immunogenic properties of tropomyosin suggest it may be developed as a vaccine with alternative adjuvants or delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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Abstract
Psoroptic mange is one of the most severe skin conditions of sheep. This highly contagious disease is responsible for huge economical losses in many sheep-raising countries. It is also a significant welfare concern. Our understanding of the biology of Psoroptes ovis and of the host-parasite relationship during psoroptic mange made remarkable progress during the last decade. These data combined with the availability of powerful molecular tools have opened new avenues of research. Clearly, there is still a long way to go before a vaccine becomes a reality. Additionally, other diagnostic tools and control methods should be further investigated such as breeding for genetic resistance and the use of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Jacques Losson
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Bd de Colonster 20, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Holt DC, Burgess STG, Reynolds SL, Mahmood W, Fischer K. Intestinal proteases of free-living and parasitic astigmatid mites. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:339-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wells B, Burgess STG, McNeilly TN, Huntley JF, Nisbet AJ. Recent developments in the diagnosis of ectoparasite infections and disease through a better understanding of parasite biology and host responses. Mol Cell Probes 2011; 26:47-53. [PMID: 21982815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Some conventional methods of diagnosis of ectoparasite infections can have low sensitivity and/or specificity. In addition, early infestations, sub-clinical and carrier hosts often go un-diagnosed, allowing infestations to spread. This review focuses on the important ectoparasites of human, livestock and companion animals for which improved diagnostic tools are either already in use, or in development. These advances in diagnostic technologies have resulted in improved treatment, control and preventative strategies for many ectoparasitic diseases. Immunodiagnostic methods have had a large impact, with the emergence of highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for sarcoptic and psoroptic mange, with further improved tests in development. In the present review, the advantages and limitations of such tests are discussed and the potential for future development explored. The increasing use of molecular tools, for example, PCR and other molecular methods, has improved our understanding of the epidemiology of ectoparasitic diseases, with practical consequences for community-based control programmes. Recently, the identification of specific signalling pathways during the host response to ectoparasites has led to the identification of disease biomarkers which, along with new technologies, such as multiplexed assays and microfluidic platforms, could lead to more cost-effective, rapid and accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Wells
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
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Genetic variation among lambs in peripheral IgE activity against the larval stages ofTeladorsagia circumcincta. Parasitology 2010; 137:1249-60. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYIgA and IgE activity againstTeladorsagia circumcinctawas investigated in a flock of Texel lambs following natural, mixed nematode infection among lambs. The distribution of IgA activity was similar to a gamma distribution whereas IgE activity was different. Box-Cox analysis demonstrated that X0·25was a suitable transformation to normalise IgE responses. The transformed IgE activity was under moderate to strong genetic control. Nine different allergens were identified by proteomic analysis. Tropomyosin was selected for further analysis. IgE activity against tropomyosin was moderately heritable and associated with decreased egg counts and with reduced body weight at the time of sampling.
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Abstract
The importance of internal and external parasites in limiting productivity and compromising the welfare of sheep has provided the impetus for extensive research on ovine IgE with the objectives of better understanding protective immunological responses and developing novel methods of control; particularly vaccination. The molecular structures of ovine IgE and its high affinity receptor have been determined and the former information has assisted the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to ovine IgE by 2 of 3 groups who have produced these reagents. The availability of these mAbs has enabled the description of IgE responses following infections with a wide variety of parasites in sheep and in an ovine model of atopic asthma. While IgE responses are consistently associated with parasitic diseases of sheep, it has not been proven that this antibody isotype is involved in protection. The foundation of present knowledge and reagents, together with new emerging technologies, should allow the role of IgE in parasitic diseases of sheep to be determined.
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Bartley K, Nisbet AJ, Offer JE, Sparks NHC, Wright HW, Huntley JF. Histamine release factor from Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer): characterization and in vitro assessment as a protective antigen. Int J Parasitol 2008; 39:447-56. [PMID: 18938170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a 174-amino-acid orthologue of a tick histamine release factor (HRF) was identified from the haematophagous poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. The predicted D. gallinae HRF protein (Dg-HRF-1) sequence is highly conserved with the tick HRFs (identity 52-54%) and to a lesser degree with translationally controlled tumour proteins (TCTP) from mammals and other invertebrates (range 38-47%). Phylogenetically, Dg-HRF-1 partitions with the tick HRF clade suggesting a shared linage and potentially similar function(s). A recombinant Dg-HRF-1 protein (rDg-HRF-1) was produced and shown to induce degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro, confirming conservation of the histamine-releasing function in D. gallinae. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits and hens to rDg-HRF-1. Western blotting demonstrated that native Dg-HRF is a soluble protein and immunohistochemical staining of mite sections revealed that the distribution of Dg-HRF, although ubiquitous, is more common in mite reproductive, digestive and synganglion tissues. A survey of hens housed continuously in a mite-infested commercial poultry unit failed to identify IgY specific for recombinant or native Dg-HRF, indicating that Dg-HRF is not exposed to the host during infestation/feeding and may therefore have potential as a vaccine using the concealed antigen approach. To test the protective capability of rDg-HRF-1, fresh heparinised chicken blood was enriched with yolk-derived anti-Dg-HRF IgY antibodies and fed to semi-starved mites using an in vitro feeding system. A statistically significant increase in mortality was shown (P=0.004) in mites fed with anti-Dg-HRF IgY after just one blood meal. The work presented here demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the feasibility of vaccinating hens with recombinant D. gallinae antigens to control mite infestation and the potential of rDg-HRF-1 as a vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
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Nisbet AJ, Halliday AM, Parker L, Smith WD, Kenyon F, Knox DP, Huntley JF. Psoroptes ovis: Identification of vaccine candidates by immunoscreening. Exp Parasitol 2008; 120:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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