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Verdú JR, Cortez V, Rosa-García R, Ortiz AJ, García-Prieto U, Lumaret JP, García Romero C, Sánchez-Piñero F. Nontoxic effects of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and garlic oil on dung beetles: A potential alternative to ecotoxic anthelmintics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295753. [PMID: 38117762 PMCID: PMC10732372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustainability of the traditional extensive livestock sector will only be possible if healthy dung-decomposing insect communities are preserved. However, many current pharmaceutical anthelmintics are harmful to dung beetles, their presence can have a negative impact on biological systems. Phytochemical anthelmintics are an alternative to ecotoxic synthetic pharmaceutical anthelmintics, although ecotoxicological tests of their possible indirect effects on dung beetles are required to demonstrate their viability. In this study, the potential ecotoxicity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil (diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide) were tested for the first time. Inhibition of antennal response was measured as a relevant parameter by obtaining relevant toxicity thresholds derived from concentration‒response curves, such as the IC50. All phytochemical compounds tested were demonstrated to be suitable alternative candidates to the highly ecotoxic compound ivermectin, considering their non-toxicity to nontarget organisms. Residues of the phytochemical antiparasitics found in cattle droppings were extremely low, even undetectable in the case of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide. Furthermore, our results showed that none of the phytochemical compounds have ecotoxic effects, even at extremely high concentrations, including those almost 1000 times higher than what is most likely to be found in dung susceptible to ingestion by dung beetles in the field. We can conclude that the four selected phytochemical compounds meet the requirements to be considered reliable alternatives to ecotoxic veterinary medicinal products, such as ivermectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Verdú
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Science Park, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vieyle Cortez
- Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Science Park, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rocío Rosa-García
- SERIDA – Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Química Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - Urcesino García-Prieto
- SERIDA – Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Laboratoire Zoogéographie, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Carmelo García Romero
- Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica (SEAE), Escuela Capataces Agrícolas, Catarroja, Valencia, Spain
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Venmathi Maran BA, Palaniveloo K, Mahendran T, Chellappan DK, Tan JK, Yong YS, Lal MTM, Joning EJ, Chong WS, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Shah MD. Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Giant Sword Fern and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:6075. [PMID: 37630329 PMCID: PMC10460075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis and parasitic leech infestations cause the death of various farmed fish, such as groupers, hybrid groupers, sea bass, etc., in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In the absence of natural control agents, aquaculture operators rely on toxic chemicals to control Vibrio infections and parasitic leeches, which can have a negative impact on the environment and health. In the present study, we investigated the antivibrio and antiparasitic activities of the aqueous extract of giant sword fern (GSF) (Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepidaceae, locally known as "Paku Pedang") against four Vibrio spp. and the parasitic leech Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, as well as its metabolic composition using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UHPLC-HRMS). The data show that the aqueous extract of GSF at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibits potent bactericidal activity against V. parahaemolyticus with a zone of inhibition of 19.5 mm. In addition, the extract showed dose-dependent activity against leeches, resulting in the complete killing of the parasitic leeches within a short period of 11-43 min when tested at concentrations ranging from 100 to 25 mg/mL. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected 118 metabolites in the aqueous extract of GSF. Flavonoids were the primary metabolites, followed by phenolic, aromatic, fatty acyl, terpenoid, vitamin and steroidal compounds. Notably, several of these metabolites possess antibacterial and antiparasitic properties, including cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, apigenin, quercetin, cynaroside, luteolin, naringenin, wogonin, 6-gingerol, nicotinamide, abscisic acid, daidzein, salvianolic acid B, etc. Overall, our study shows the significant antibacterial and antiparasitic potential of the GSF aqueous extract, which demonstrates the presence of valuable secondary metabolites. Consequently, the aqueous extract is a promising natural alternative for the effective control of Vibrio infections and the treatment of parasitic leeches in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.P.); (T.M.)
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Thivyalaxmi Mahendran
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Yoong Soon Yong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Elliecpearl Jasca Joning
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Wei Sheng Chong
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Olga Babich
- Research and Education Center “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Research and Education Center “Industrial Biotechnologies”, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88450, Malaysia; (B.A.V.M.); (M.T.M.L.); (E.J.J.); (W.S.C.)
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3
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Harmansa Yilmaz B, Yavuzcan Yildiz H. Anthelmintic effects of peppermint ( Mentha piperita), lemon ( Citrus limon), and tea tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils against Monogenean parasite ( Dactylogyrus sp.) on carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Helminthologia 2023; 60:125-133. [PMID: 37745226 PMCID: PMC10516477 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dactylogyrus sp. (Monogenea) is one of the most dangerous pathogens causing parasitic infections in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and other freshwater fish. Due to the adverse effects of conventional chemical treatments on the environment and fish, the use of herbal products in aquaculture against various diseases has increased. In the present study, anthelmintic effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita), lemon (Citrus limon), and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils against Dactylogyrus sp. found on the gills of carp were studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μl/ml concentrations of these essential oils were tested on the parasites and cumulative mortalities were observed to reach 100 % after treatment with peppermint, lemon, and tea tree essential oils of 1 μl/ml concentration in approximately 15, 10 and 2 min, respectively. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the cumulative mortality of the parasites increased with essential oil concentration and exposure duration. As the concentration of essential oil used increased, the observed mean time to death of parasites decreased. In in vivo experiments, median effective concentrations (EC50) as assessed by in vitro tests for peppermint and lemon essential oils in 5 min exposure and EC50 concentration for tea tree essential oil in 2 min exposure was applied on fish as a single bath and there was a significant decrease in the mean parasite intensities (p<0.05). Antiparasitic efficacies of peppermint, lemon, and tea tree essential oils were determined as 28.23 %, 30.95 %, and 35.31 %, respectively. The tea tree oil was the most effective and peppermint oil was the least effective in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. All three herbal essential oils tested in this study have weak antiparasitic potential against monogenean infections in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Harmansa Yilmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H. Yavuzcan Yildiz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Ankara, Turkey
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Ali DE, Gedaily RAE, Ezzat SM, Sawy MAE, Meselhy MR, Abdel-Sattar E. In silico and in vitro anti-inflammatory study of phenolic compounds isolated from Eucalyptus maculata resin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2093. [PMID: 36747067 PMCID: PMC9902548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant resins are rich in bioactive compounds with high medicinal values. However, the chemistry and anti-inflammatory activity of the resins produced by trees of the genus Eucalyptus were scarcely investigated. The inflammatory targets cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, TNF-, NF-B, and NO were significantly inhibited by the methanolic extract of Eucalyptus maculata kino resin (EME) and its CH2Cl2 soluble fraction (MCF). Sakuranetin (C1), (E)-cinnamic acid (C2), kaempferol 7- methyl ether (C3), 7-O-methyl aromadendrin (C4), and 1,6- dicinnamoyl-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (C5) were isolated from MCF. Three compounds (C1, C2, and C4) showed potent in vitro COX-1 inhibition, while C5 inhibited COX-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, and NO significantly. An in-silico study revealed that C5 had the highest binding affinity to the active site in COX-2 with binding energy score (S) of -14.85 kcal/mol, better than celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor). In conclusion, 1,6-dicinnamoyl-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (C5) could be investigated further in the search for anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia E Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania A El Gedaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), 6th October, 12451, Egypt
| | - Maged A El Sawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Negm SS, Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, Patra AK, Naiel MAE. The Beneficial Impacts of Essential Oils Application against Parasitic Infestation in Fish Farm. ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED 2022:194-214. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815049015122010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a growing sector due to the high rising demand for fish, shrimp, oysters, and other products, which is partially conflicted by various infectious diseases. The infectious diseases affecting the production and inducing high mortalities cause substantial economic losses in this sector. Also, parasitic infections may induce severe mortality and morbidity in fish farms. Therefore, most farmers apply several kinds of antibiotics to control the problems induced by bacterial diseases and, to some extent, parasitic infections. The extensive usage of antibiotics to control or prevent pathogens may lead to the development of pathogenic resistant strains that might cause hazards to human health. Besides, there is a global trend toward reducing the application of antibiotics in aquaculture farms. Thus, there is a great effort to discover new natural and safe products with pharmaceutical properties, such as natural essential oils (EO). Essential oils are secondary metabolites of many plants (roots, flowers, seeds, leaves, fruits and peels) and their molecular structures provide a high antimicrobial and antiparasitic efficiency against pathogens. Consequently, it is essential to provide sufficient knowledge about the mode of action of EO against fish parasites and its future applications and directions in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S. Negm
- Agriculture Research Centre,Fish Biology and Ecology Departmen,Giza,Egypt
| | | | | | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences,Department of Animal Nutrition,Kolkata,India
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Hong S, Cha KH, Park JH, Jung DS, Choi JH, Yoo G, Nho CW. Cinnamic acid suppresses bone loss via induction of osteoblast differentiation with alteration of gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108900. [PMID: 34748919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone density that poses a high risk of bone fractures, is associated with aging, diet, and menopause. Despite the various known therapeutic methods for osteoporosis treatment, the development of a new therapeutic agent without side effects in long-term use is required. Cinnamic acid (CA) is a phytochemical found in cinnamon. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CA on osteoporosis and demonstrated its mechanism in MC3T3E1 preosteoblasts and ovariectomized mice. CA treatment induced osteoblast differentiation with elevation of osteogenic markers both in vitro and in vivo. CA treatment ameliorated bone loss resulting in better bone indices, increased gut microbial diversity, and recovered changes in the gut microbial composition induced by ovariectomy. These changes were accompanied by an increase in BMP/TGFβ/Smad signaling. Therefore, CA has the potential to suppress the progress of bone loss via the enhancement of bone density through the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Hong
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Pharmacological Research Division National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyhye Yoo
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Pal A, Tapadar P, Pal R. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Triple Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1141-1150. [PMID: 32767960 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807222248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamic Acid (CA), also known as 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, is a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid found commonly in cinnamon, grapes, tea, cocoa, spinach and celery. Various studies have identified CA to have anti-proliferative action on glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of CA in killing MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells. METHODS We performed MTT assay and trypan blue assay to determine cell viability and cell death, respectively. Comet analysis was carried out to investigate DNA damage of individual cells. Furthermore, AO/EtBr assay and sub-G1 analysis using flow cytometry were used to study apoptosis. Protein isolation followed by immunoblotting was used to observe protein abundance in treated and untreated cancer cells. RESULTS Using MTT assay, we have determined CA to reduce cell viability in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and tumorigenic HEK 293 cells but not in normal NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Subsequently, trypan blue assay and comet assay showed CA to cause cell death and DNA damage, respectively, in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Using AO/EtBr staining and sub-G1 analysis, we further established CA to increase apoptosis. Additionally, immunoblotting showed the abundance of TNFA, TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) and cleaved caspase-8/-3 proapoptotic proteins to increase with CA treatment. Subsequently, blocking of TNFA-TNFR1 signalling by small molecule inhibitor, R-7050, reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 at the protein level. CONCLUSION Thus, from the above observations, we can conclude that CA is an effective anticancer agent that can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via TNFA-TNFR1 mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Poulami Tapadar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Ranjana Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
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Cox HJ, Li J, Saini P, Paterson JR, Sharples GJ, Badyal JPS. Bioinspired and eco-friendly high efficacy cinnamaldehyde antibacterial surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2918-2930. [PMID: 33885647 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial essential oils are incorporated into mussel-inspired and natural plant polyphenol coatings as part of a single-step fabrication process. Polydopamine-cinnamaldehyde, polyethyleneimine-cinnamaldehyde, and tannic acid-cinnamaldehyde coatings exhibit strong antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (with the polydopamine- and tannic acid-based systems displaying log10 Reduction = 8). Cinnamaldehyde impregnation into porous non-woven polypropylene cloth, polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and knitted cotton cloth also gives rise to high levels of antibacterial activity (log10 Reduction = 8). No loss in antibacterial efficacy is observed for non-woven polypropylene cloth impregnated with cinnamaldehyde over 17 recycle tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England, UK.
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Malheiros DF, Sarquis IR, Ferreira IM, Mathews PD, Mertins O, Tavares-Dias M. Nanoemulsions with oleoresin of Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae) improve anthelmintic efficacy in the control of monogenean parasites when compared to oleoresin without nanoformulation. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:687-695. [PMID: 32315094 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Copaifera reticulata oleoresin (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 mg/L) and of nanoemulsions prepared with this oleoresin (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) against monogeneans on the gills of Colossoma macropomum. The major compounds present in the oleoresin of C. reticulata were γ-macrocarpene (14.2%), α-bergamotene (13.6%), β-selinene (13.4%) and β-caryophyllene (11.7%). All concentrations of the nanoemulsion and the oleoresin without nanoformulation showed anthelmintic efficacy against monogeneans, and higher concentrations led to more rapid parasite mortality. Structural damages to the tegument of the parasites exposed to C. reticulata oleoresin were observed with scanning electron microscopy. At two hours of exposure, fish showed 100% tolerance to all nanoemulsion concentrations used in the in vitro assays, whereas 100% mortality was shown in the fish exposed to the oleoresin without nanoformulation after one hour. The results of this study suggest that nanoemulsions with oleoresin of C. reticulata have advantages in the control and treatment of monogenean infections in C. macropomum when compared to the oleoresin without nanoformulation. In addition, since nanoemulsions with the C. reticulata oleoresin are safe to control monogeneans, the efficacy of these nanoformulations may be assayed in therapeutic baths to treat C. macropomum infected by monogeneans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Filocreão Malheiros
- Postgraduate Program on Tropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
| | - Icaro Rodrigues Sarquis
- Group of Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Applied Chemistry College, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
| | - Irlon Maciel Ferreira
- Group of Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Applied Chemistry College, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
| | - Patrick Delgado Mathews
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Omar Mertins
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Postgraduate Program on Tropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, Brazil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
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Fabbri J, Maggiore MA, Pensel PE, Denegri GM, Elissondo MC. In vitro efficacy study of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil and cinnamaldehyde against the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Exp Parasitol 2020; 214:107904. [PMID: 32371061 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis is a disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Chemotherapy can be used alone or in combination with surgery or percutaneous treatment. Benzimidazoles are the only agents used and approved for treatment, but their efficacy is extremely variable. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drugs to improve the treatment of this disease. In the last decades, the biological properties of essential oils and their components began to be investigated as alternatives in the treatment of different ailments. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and cinnamaldehyde against protoscoleces and metacestodes of E. granulosus. The essential oil and cinnamaldehyde, its major component, showed a dose and time dependent effect against protoscoleces. However, cinnamaldehyde showed a greater protoscolicidal effect than the essential oil. The maximum protoscolicidal effect was found with 50 μg/mL of cinnamaldehyde. Viability decreased by 1.7 ± 0.8% after 4 days of incubation and reached 0% at 8 days. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between the activity of cinnamaldehyde at the concentrations of 25 and 10 μg/mL and the efficacy observed with the essential oil at 200 and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde also had a strong in vitro effect against murine cysts, while only the higher concentration of the essential oil caused ultrastructural alterations. Working with components instead of with essential oils has some advantages, particularly in relation to the reproducibility of the formulations and their effectiveness. For this reason, the results obtained in this work are promising in the search for pharmaceutical alternatives for the treatment of cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabbri
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marina Alejandra Maggiore
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia Eugenia Pensel
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Guillermo María Denegri
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Celina Elissondo
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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11
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Batiha GES, Beshbishy AM, Guswanto A, Nugraha A, Munkhjargal T, M. Abdel-Daim M, Mosqueda J, Igarashi I. Phytochemical Characterization and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Cinnamomum verum Extracts on the Multiplication of Protozoan Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 25:E996. [PMID: 32102270 PMCID: PMC7070835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum is a commonly used herbal plant that has several documented properties against various diseases. The existing study evaluated the inhibitory effect of acetonic extract of C. verum (AECV) and ethyl acetate extract of C. verum (EAECV) against piroplasm parasites in vitro and in vivo. The drug-exposure viability assay was tested on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Qualitative phytochemical estimation revealed that AECV and EAECV containing multiple bioactive constituents namely alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and remarkable amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids. AECV and EAECV inhibited B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi multiplication at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 23.1 ± 1.4, 56.6 ± 9.1, 33.4 ± 2.1, 40.3 ± 7.5, 18.8 ± 1.6 µg/mL, and 40.1 ± 8.5, 55.6 ± 1.1, 45.7 ± 1.9, 50.2 ± 6.2, and 61.5 ± 5.2 µg/mL, respectively. In the cytotoxicity assay, AECV and EAECV affected the viability of MDBK, NIH/3T3 and HFF cells with half-maximum effective concentrations (EC50) of 440 ± 10.6, 816 ± 12.7 and 914 ± 12.2 µg/mL and 376 ± 11.2, 610 ± 7.7 and 790 ± 12.4 µg/mL, respectively. The in vivo experiment showed that AECV and EAECV were effective against B. microti in mice at 150 mg/kg. These results showed that C. verum extracts are potential antipiroplasm drugs after further studies in some clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.B.); (A.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.); (I.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Al Beheira 22511, Egypt
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.B.); (A.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Azirwan Guswanto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.B.); (A.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Arifin Nugraha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.B.); (A.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Tserendorj Munkhjargal
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Zaisan−17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Juan Mosqueda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.B.); (A.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.); (I.I.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.B.); (A.G.); (A.N.); (J.M.); (I.I.)
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12
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das Neves RN, Sena-Lopes Â, Alves MSD, da Rocha Fonseca B, da Silva CC, Casaril AM, Savegnago L, de Pereira CMP, Ramos DF, Borsuk S. 2'-Hydroxychalcones as an alternative treatment for trichomoniasis in association with metronidazole. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:725-736. [PMID: 31853622 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The treatment for trichomoniasis, based on 5'-nitroimidazol agents, has been presenting failures related to allergic reactions, side effects, and the emergence of resistant isolates. There are no alternative drugs approved for the treatment of these cases; thus, the search for new active molecules is necessary. In this scenario, chalcones have been extensively studied for their promising biological activities. Here, we presented the synthesis of three hydroxychalcones (3a, b, and c), in vitro and in silico analyses against Trichomonas vaginalis. The in vitro biological evaluation showed that hydroxychalcone 3c presented anti-T. vaginalis activity, with complete death in 12 h of incubation at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 μM. 3c showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against mammalian VERO cell line, but the association of 3c at 12.5 μM and metronidazole (MTZ) at 40 μM showed 95.31% activity against T. vaginalis trophozoites after 24 h of exposure and did not affect the VERO cell growth, appearing to be a good alternative. In silico analysis by molecular docking showed that 3c could inhibit the activity of TvMGL (methionine gamma-lyase), TvLDH (lactate dehydrogenase), and TvPNP (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) affecting the T. vaginalis survival and also suggesting a different mechanism of action from MTZ. Therefore, these results propose that hydroxychalcones are promising anti-T. vaginalis agents and must be considered for further investigations regarding trichomoniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19 -, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ângela Sena-Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19 -, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mirna Samara Dié Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19 -, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Bárbara da Rocha Fonseca
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19 -, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Carapina da Silva
- Laboratório de Lipidômica e Bio-orgânicass, Grupo de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Casaril
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Laboratório de Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19 -, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Wu HC, Horng CT, Lee YL, Chen PN, Lin CY, Liao CY, Hsieh YS, Chu SC. Cinnamomum Cassia Extracts Suppress Human Lung Cancer Cells Invasion by Reducing u-PA/MMP Expression through the FAK to ERK Pathways. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:115-123. [PMID: 29333095 PMCID: PMC5765724 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antioxidative, apoptotic, and cytostatic properties. These activities have been attributed to the modulation of several biological processes and are beneficial for possible pharmaceutical applications. However, the potential of C. cassia in retarding lung adenocarcinoma cells metastasis remains ambiguous. We determined whether C. cassia extract (CCE) reduces metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results showed that CCE treatment (up to 60 μg/mL) for 24 h exhibited no cytotoxicity on the A549 and H1299 cell lines but inhibited the motility, invasiveness, and migration of these cells by repressing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). CCE also impaired cell adhesion to collagen. CCE significantly reduced p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Tyr397, p-FAK Tyr925, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and Ras homolog gene family (Rho)A expression. CCE showed anti-metastatic activity of A549 and H1299 cells by repressing u-PA/MMP-2 via FAK to ERK1/2 pathways. These findings may facilitate future clinical trials of lung adenocarcinoma chemotherapy to confirm the promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chen Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ting Horng
- Departmant of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - You-Li Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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