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Chen L, Liu X, Weng X, Huang M, Weng Y, Zeng H, Li Y, Zheng D, Chen C. The Emotion Regulation Mechanism in Neurotic Individuals: The Potential Role of Mindfulness and Cognitive Bias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:896. [PMID: 36673652 PMCID: PMC9858632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait that impacts daily life and raises the risk of mental problems and physical illnesses. To understand the emotion regulation mechanism of neurotic individuals, we developed two complementary studies to examine the effects of mindfulness and negative cognitive bias. In Study 1, four scales (EPQ-RSC, FFMQ, CERQ, NCPBQ) were used for assessment. Correlation analysis and structural comparison showed that: (1) the level of neuroticism was positively correlated with negative emotion regulation; (2) negative cognitive bias mediated the relationship between neuroticism and emotion regulation; (3) mindfulness and negative cognitive bias mediated the relationship in a chain. Study 1 showed that cognitive bias may play a key role in the emotion regulation mechanism. Study 2 further explored the cognitive bias of neurotic individuals using three behavioral experiments. A mixed-design ANOVA indicated that individuals with high neuroticism levels exhibited negative attention, memory, and interpretation biases. Our findings extend previous research on emotion regulation problems of neurotic individuals and broaden the field to personality-based emotion disorders. In particular, a theoretical rationale is provided for the application of cognitive behavioral therapy, such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), to the emotion regulation of neurotic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiangrun Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuhan Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoran Zeng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danna Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Caiqi Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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2
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Jones MP, Yun G, Wass F, Rixon H, Shah A, Walker MM, Koloski NA, Holtmann G, Talley NJ, Beath AP. The role of mood state and emotion regulation in the discrepancy between gastrointestinal symptom burden recorded prospectively and via recall questionnaire. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14304. [PMID: 34854512 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited empirical evidence of the magnitude of the discrepancy between prospectively recorded gastrointestinal symptom burden and that reported in recall questionnaires. Further, potential sources of the discrepancy are largely unknown. This study sought to quantify the discrepancy and to evaluate the potential role of mood disorder and emotion regulation in the discrepancy. METHODS One hundred and forty nine subjects (mean age 20 years, 75% female) who met Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome and/or functional dyspepsia completed a 7-day prospective recording of the symptoms on a smartphone implemented ecological momentary assessment app, and then on day 8 were asked to recall their symptoms for the preceding 7 days. KEY RESULTS Gastrointestinal symptom burden assessed by recall was exaggerated relative to that recorded prospectively. The discrepancy was moderate for overall score (Cohen d = 0.52), abdominal pain (d = 0.61) and indigestion (d = 0.49). The discrepancy was generally larger among subjects who reported a physician diagnosis of a gastrointestinal condition with d = 0.87 for overall score and d = 0.89 for abdominal pain. A number of correlations between the discrepancy and psychological traits were identified, including neuroticism with diarrhea discrepancy (r = 0.23, p = 0.004) and visceral-specific anxiety with abdominal pain discrepancy (r = -0.18, p = 0.03). There was no evidence of recency or Hawthorne (observer) effects. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Reports of gastrointestinal symptoms obtained via recall are likely to be exaggerated relative to the actual patient experience, particularly among healthcare seekers. While psychological traits are likely to play some role, much more needs to be understood about the discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Jones
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grace Yun
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Wass
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hayley Rixon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ayesha Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- College of Health, Medicine and Well Being, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha A Koloski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,College of Health, Medicine and Well Being, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Holtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- College of Health, Medicine and Well Being, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alissa P Beath
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Yang P, Yang H, Cao Y, Yang X, He B. Psychophysiological effects of rhythmic music combined with aerobic exercise in college students with minimal depressive symptoms. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:267-274. [PMID: 36600976 PMCID: PMC9806715 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems are common during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Previous studies reported that rhythmic music plus aerobic exercise can have a beneficial effect on emotional state. We examined whether the beneficial effect differed between aerobic exercise interventions with or without rhythmic music. A sample of 94 college students who either had no depressive symptoms (n = 47) or minimal depressive symptoms (n = 47) underwent 30-min interventions in a randomized and counterbalanced order: rest, rhythmic music, aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise plus rhythmic music. Response time and accuracy of selective attention to positive and negative images were recorded using the spatial cueing paradigm. Participants' heart rate during all conditions and perceived exertion after each condition were measured to clarify physiological and perceptual responses, respectively. The results revealed that a multimodal intervention combining aerobic exercise and rhythmic music had a significant facilitatory effect on attentional bias to positive emotional cues in minimal depressive participants (t = -2.336, p = 0.024), including less perceived exertion and higher heart rate after/during the intervention process. The single-modality intervention of aerobic exercise had significant positive effects for individuals with no depressive symptoms (t = -2.510, p = 0.016). The multimodal intervention was more effective than the single-modality intervention for individuals with minimal depressive symptoms, but the single-modality aerobic exercise intervention was more effective for individuals with no depressive symptoms, providing new evidence for the specificity of the intervention effect for people with different degrees of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Mobile Station of Sports Science, Chengdu Sport University, No.2, Tiyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China,Department of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, No. 401, Zhimin Road, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334001, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, No. 401, Zhimin Road, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334001, China,Department of Physical Education, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, No. 589, Xuefu Avenue, Hongjiaozhou Campus, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330036, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, No. 401, Zhimin Road, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334001, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, No. 401, Zhimin Road, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334001, China
| | - Benxiang He
- Postdoctoral Research Mobile Station of Sports Science, Chengdu Sport University, No.2, Tiyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China,Corresponding author. No.2, Tiyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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4
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Mediating effects of negative cognitive bias and negative affect on neuroticism and depression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Mey LK, Chmitorz A, Kurth K, Wenzel M, Kalisch R, Tüscher O, Kubiak T. Increases of negative affect following daily hassles are not moderated by neuroticism: An ecological momentary assessment study. Stress Health 2020; 36:615-628. [PMID: 32419371 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of daily hassles is associated with increased subsequent levels of negative affect. Neuroticism has been found to exacerbate this effect. So far, most research used single-item measures for the assessment of daily hassles or relied on daily diary studies. This study aimed to examine the interrelations of daily hassles, negative affect reactivity, and neuroticism in daily life employing an extensive inventory of daily hassles. Seventy participants (18-30 years; M = 23.9 years, 59% female) completed a 4-week smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study reporting the occurrence and perceived strain of daily hassles as well as negative affect at five semi-random signals between 9 a.m. and 8 p.m. Multilevel analyses revealed significant associations between elevated levels of negative affect and higher cumulative daily hassle strain ratings per signal in concurrent and time-lagged analyses. Contrary to our expectations, there was no moderation by neuroticism on these associations. The results suggest that daily hassles can accumulate in their impact on mood in daily life and exert a prolonged effect on negative affect. The absence of a significant moderation by neuroticism may be interpreted in the light of methodological specifics of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Chmitorz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Social Work, Health Care and Nursing Sciences, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany
| | - Karolina Kurth
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Wenzel
- Health Psychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany.,Neuroimaging Center, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Health Psychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Mueller S, Wagner J, Hueluer G, Hoppmann CA, Ram N, Gerstorf D. Moody and thin-skinned? The interplay of neuroticism and momentary affect in older romantic couples. Br J Psychol 2020; 112:315-341. [PMID: 32537832 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is associated with heightened reactivity to social stressors. However, little is known about the micro-processes through which neuroticism shapes - and is shaped by - affective experiences in close relationships. We examine the extent to which momentary affect is coupled with one's relationship partner, whether the strength of this coupling differs depending on levels of neuroticism, and whether this coupling and partner's overall level of positive or negative affect prospectively contribute to differential (rank-order) changes in neuroticism. Older couples (N = 82, aged 67-93 years) rated their momentary affect six times per day for one week and provided ratings of trait neuroticism at baseline and 18 months later. Multilevel models revealed that among individuals high in neuroticism, individual positive affect was more closely coupled with partner positive affect compared with individuals low in neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism decreased over time in those participants who showed a higher degree of coupling with partner positive affect and also had a partner with higher overall positive affect. In contrast, neuroticism increased in individuals whose partner had lower overall positive affect. Similar effects were not observed for negative affect. Our findings highlight how relationship partners contribute to daily affective experiences and longer-term changes in neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Mueller
- University of Hamburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany.,Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Wagner
- University of Hamburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Nilam Ram
- The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.,The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.,German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany
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7
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Effect of cortisol diurnal rhythm on emotional memory in healthy young adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10158. [PMID: 28860606 PMCID: PMC5579256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the relationship between cortisol diurnal rhythm and cognitive function in healthy young adults, especially for emotional memory. To address this deficiency, this study examined the effect of diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) and heart rate variability (HRV) on emotional memory. Participants included healthy volunteers (44 men and 23 women; mean age 20.60 yrs). Participants were shown emotionally arousing slides and were asked to return to the laboratory one week later where they were given a "surprise" memory test to examine their emotional memory retention. Participants were asked to collect saliva samples at four time points (08:00, 11:00, 15:00, and 20:00) on the experimental days; these samples were used to calculate the DCS. Moreover, HRV was measured during the experiment. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that declarative memory ability, sleep duration, and the DCS were the final significant determinants for emotional memory enhancement (B = -20.41, 0.05, -48.20, ps < 0.05), with participants having flatter cortisol slopes showing reduced or absent emotional memory enhancement. These findings are discussed in reference to the possible effects of diurnal rhythm mechanisms of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system on emotional memory.
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8
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Savage JE, Sawyers C, Roberson-Nay R, Hettema JM. The genetics of anxiety-related negative valence system traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:156-177. [PMID: 27196537 PMCID: PMC5349709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domain of negative valence systems (NVS) captures constructs of negative affect such as fear and distress traditionally subsumed under the various internalizing disorders. Through its aims to capture dimensional measures that cut across diagnostic categories and are linked to underlying neurobiological systems, a large number of phenotypic constructs have been proposed as potential research targets. Since "genes" represent a central "unit of analysis" in the RDoC matrix, it is important for studies going forward to apply what is known about the genetics of these phenotypes as well as fill in the gaps of existing knowledge. This article reviews the extant genetic epidemiological data (twin studies, heritability) and molecular genetic association findings for a broad range of putative NVS phenotypic measures. We find that scant genetic epidemiological data is available for experimentally derived measures such as attentional bias, peripheral physiology, or brain-based measures of threat response. The molecular genetic basis of NVS phenotypes is in its infancy, since most studies have focused on a small number of candidate genes selected for putative association to anxiety disorders (ADs). Thus, more research is required to provide a firm understanding of the genetic aspects of anxiety-related NVS constructs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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9
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Riese H, Muñoz LM, Hartman CA, Ding X, Su S, Oldehinkel AJ, van Roon AM, van der Most PJ, Lefrandt J, Gansevoort RT, van der Harst P, Verweij N, Licht CMM, Boomsma DI, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Penninx BWJH, Nolte IM, de Geus EJC, Wang X, Snieder H. Identifying genetic variants for heart rate variability in the acetylcholine pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112476. [PMID: 25384021 PMCID: PMC4226560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The acetylcholine pathway plays a key role in explaining heart rate variability in humans. We assessed whether 443 genotyped and imputed common genetic variants in eight key genes (CHAT, SLC18A3, SLC5A7, CHRNB4, CHRNA3, CHRNA, CHRM2 and ACHE) of the acetylcholine pathway were associated with variation in an established measure of heart rate variability reflecting parasympathetic control of the heart rhythm, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of normal RR intervals. The association was studied in a two stage design in individuals of European descent. First, analyses were performed in a discovery sample of four cohorts (n = 3429, discovery stage). Second, findings were replicated in three independent cohorts (n = 3311, replication stage), and finally the two stages were combined in a meta-analysis (n = 6740). RMSSD data were obtained under resting conditions. After correction for multiple testing, none of the SNPs showed an association with RMSSD. In conclusion, no common genetic variants for heart rate variability were identified in the largest and most comprehensive candidate gene study on the acetylcholine pathway to date. Future gene finding efforts for RMSSD may want to focus on hypothesis free approaches such as the genome-wide association study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (HR); (HS)
| | - Loretto M. Muñoz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuhua Ding
- Departments of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie M. van Roon
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop Lefrandt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, EMGO institute for Health and Care research, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, EMGO institute for Health and Care research, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, EMGO institute for Health and Care research, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, EMGO institute for Health and Care research, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (HR); (HS)
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10
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Goldstein BL, Klein DN. A review of selected candidate endophenotypes for depression. Clin Psychol Rev 2014; 34:417-27. [PMID: 25006008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endophenotypes are proposed to occupy an intermediate position in the pathway between genotype and phenotype in genetically complex disorders such as depression. To be considered an endophenotype, a construct must meet a set of criteria proposed by Gottesman and Gould (2003). In this qualitative review, we summarize evidence for each criterion for several putative endophenotypes for depression: neuroticism, morning cortisol, frontal asymmetry of cortical electrical activity, reward learning, and biases of attention and memory. Our review indicates that while there is strong support for some depression endophenotypes, other putative endophenotypes lack data or have inconsistent findings for core criteria.
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11
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Riese H, Snieder H, Jeronimus BF, Korhonen T, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Ormel J. Timing of Stressful Life Events Affects Stability and Change of Neuroticism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a predictor of many health problems. To study the determinants of within–subject change in neuroticism, three hypotheses were tested: (i) subjects who experienced stressful life events (SLEs) show an increase in neuroticism; (ii) high baseline neuroticism moderated this effect; and (iii) recent SLEs had a greater impact on neuroticism than distant SLEs. Data came from the Finnish Twin Cohort. Neuroticism data were collected in 1975 and 1981 and SLEs data in 1981 (n = 21 085). By entering baseline neuroticism as a predictor for neuroticism at follow–up, the outcome measure was change in neuroticism. Changes in neuroticism were predicted from SLE indices or their interaction with baseline neuroticism. Timing of SLEs was taken into account by distinguishing recent from distant SLEs. To control for confounding by shared genes and environments, both within–twin pair and between–twin pair effects were tested for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs separately. Neuroticism's six–year stability was high (r = .58, p < .001). Exposure to SLEs modestly increased neuroticism (βs > .55, ps < .001), unconfounded by shared genes. This effect was not moderated by high baseline neuroticism. Recent SLEs (.09 < βs < .15) had more impact than distant SLEs (.03 < βs < .11; ps < .01). In conclusion, the findings strongly supported a model of environmentally driven SLEs causing dynamic fluctuations around a person's set point of neuroticism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Pathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bertus F. Jeronimus
- Interdisciplinary Center Pathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Ormel
- Interdisciplinary Center Pathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Genetic variations in COMT and DRD2 modulate attentional bias for affective facial expressions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81446. [PMID: 24312552 PMCID: PMC3846795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and dopaminegic receptor2 (DRD2) modulate human attention bias for palatable food or tobacco. However, the existing evidence about the modulations of COMT and DRD2 on attentional bias for facial expressions was still limited. In the study, 650 college students were genotyped with regard to COMT Val158Met and DRD2 TaqI A polymorphisms, and the attentional bias for facial expressions was assessed using the spatial cueing task. The results indicated that COMT Val158Met underpinned the individual difference in attentional bias for negative emotional expressions (P = 0.03) and the Met carriers showed more engagement bias for negative expressions than the Val/Val homozygote. On the contrary, DRD2 TaqIA underpinned the individual difference in attentional bias for positive expressions (P = 0.003) and individuals with TT genotype showed much more engagement bias for positive expressions than the individuals with CC genotype. Moreover, the two genes exerted significant interactions on the engagements for negative and positive expressions (P = 0.046, P = 0.005). These findings suggest that the individual differences in the attentional bias for emotional expressions are partially underpinned by the genetic polymorphisms in COMT and DRD2.
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13
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Abstract
The Twin Interdisciplinary Neuroticism Study (TWINS) is a three-wave study including >800 twin pairs from the northern part of the Netherlands. The aim of the study is to unravel why neuroticism reflects vulnerability to mental disorders. In this study, we focus on possible mechanisms underlying this vulnerability and their genetic and environmental origins. In total, 125 female twin pairs visited our psychophysiological laboratory. From these twin pairs DNA was isolated and both candidate gene and genome-wide genotyping were conducted. Future work includes studies of candidate genes. The study also participates in several meta-genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia.
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14
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Tops M, Buisman-Pijlman FTA, Boksem MAS, Wijers AA, Korf J. Cortisol-induced increases of plasma oxytocin levels predict decreased immediate free recall of unpleasant words. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:43. [PMID: 22623919 PMCID: PMC3353157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol and oxytocin have been shown to interact in both the regulation of stress responses and in memory function. In the present study we administered cortisol to 35 healthy female subjects in a within-subject double-blind placebo-controlled design, while measuring oxytocin levels, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, and free recall of pleasant and of unpleasant words. We found that cortisol administration suppressed ACTH levels and (1) induced a decrease in oxytocin associated with ACTH suppression and (2) an increase in oxytocin that was independent from ACTH suppression. This cortisol-induced increase in plasma oxytocin was associated with a selective decrease in immediate free recall of unpleasant words from primacy positions. The present results add to evidence that cortisol-induced increases in oxytocin could mediate some of the effects of stress and cortisol on memory, and possibly play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress response. This mechanism could significantly impact affective and social behaviors, in particular during times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie Tops
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, University of Leiden Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Roiser JP, Elliott R, Sahakian BJ. Cognitive mechanisms of treatment in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:117-36. [PMID: 21976044 PMCID: PMC3238070 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive abnormalities are a core feature of depression, and biases toward negatively toned emotional information are common, but are they a cause or a consequence of depressive symptoms? Here, we propose a 'cognitive neuropsychological' model of depression, suggesting that negative information processing biases have a central causal role in the development of symptoms of depression, and that treatments exert their beneficial effects by abolishing these biases. We review the evidence pertaining to this model: briefly with respect to currently depressed patients, and in more detail with respect to individuals at risk for depression and the effects of antidepressant treatments. As well as being present in currently depressed individuals, negative biases are detectable in those vulnerable for depression due to neuroticism, genetic risk, or previous depressive illness. Recent evidence provides strong support for the notion that both antidepressant drugs and psychological therapies modify negative biases, providing a common mechanism for understanding treatments for depression. Intriguingly, it may even be possible to predict which patients will benefit most from which treatments on the basis of neural responses to negative stimuli. However, further research is required to ascertain whether negative processing biases will be useful in predicting, detecting, and treating depression, and hence in preventing a chronic, relapsing course of illness.
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16
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Vassend O, Røysamb E, Nielsen CS. Neuroticism and self-reported somatic health: A twin study. Psychol Health 2012; 27:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2010.540665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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