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Promoting Temporal Investigations of Development in Context: a Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research Linking Childhood Circumstances and Learning-related Outcomes. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-023-09734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChildren’s learning and cognitive development have a distinct receptivity to the circumstances of childhood. However, not all children have equal opportunities and learning inequities continue to be influenced by the social and economic circumstances of childhood. Examining factors within the environments that children are growing up in, and the associations of these factors with learning, can help to identify leverage points for change, enabling more children to be supported to reach their potential. Specifically, turning attention to the timing and duration of exposure to specific social and economic factors across childhood can provide essential details to determine who is most susceptible to contextual effects and at what ages. This paper presents a systematic review of 75 longitudinal studies of families and children carried out between 2000 and 2021. These studies tracked social and economic circumstances between pregnancy and early adolescence in relation to educational and cognitive outcomes across the lifespan. The results of the included studies were examined and grouped into themes using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings largely suggest that the degree to which educational and cognitive outcomes are affected by specific social and economic circumstances depends on the duration, timing, and mobility across childhood. In particular, findings relating to the developmental timing of exposure, as well as persistent exposure, revealed distinct evidence of the effects of temporality. These findings provide detail into how much and in what instances temporality should be considered—results which can be used to inform avenues for reducing learning disparities.
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Ku BS, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Compton MT, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Druss BG. Association between residential instability at individual and area levels and future psychosis in adolescents at clinical high risk from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) consortium. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:137-144. [PMID: 34673386 PMCID: PMC10800030 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence supports an association between residential instability and increased risk for psychosis, but the association between residential instability and conversion to psychosis among adolescents at clinical high risk (CHR) is unclear. In this study, we determined whether individual-level and area-level residential instability and their interaction are associated with conversion to psychosis within two years. METHODS Data were collected as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2. Individual-level residential instability, defined as having ever moved during lifetime, was derived from the Life Events Scale. Area-level residential instability, defined as the percentage of people who were not living in the same house five years ago, was derived from the U.S. Decennial Censuses. RESULTS This study included 285 adolescents at CHR (including 36 subjects who later converted to full psychosis). We found that individual-level residential instability was associated with conversion (adjusted OR = 2.769; 95% CI = 1.037-7.393). The interaction between individual-level and area-level residential instability was significant (p = 0.030). In a subgroup of CHR participants who have never moved (n = 91), area-level residential instability during childhood was associated with conversion (adjusted OR = 1.231; 95% CI = 1.029-1.473). Conversely, in a subgroup of CHR participants who resided in residentially stable areas during childhood (n = 142), the association between individual-level residential instability and conversion remained significant (adjusted OR = 15.171; 95% CI = 1.753-131.305). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individual-level and area-level residential instability may be associated with conversion to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United States
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - William S Stone
- Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Benjamin G Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Paksarian D, Trabjerg BB, Merikangas KR, Mors O, Børglum AD, Hougaard DM, Nordentoft M, Werge T, Pedersen CB, Mortensen PB, Agerbo E, Horsdal HT. Adolescent residential mobility, genetic liability and risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 217:390-396. [PMID: 32024557 PMCID: PMC8130005 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential mobility during upbringing, and especially adolescence, is associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes. However, whether associations are confounded by unmeasured familial factors, including genetic liability, is unclear. AIMS We used a population-based case-cohort study to assess whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression were associated with mobility from ages 10-14 years, and whether PRS and parental history of mental disorder together explained associations between mobility and each disorder. METHOD Information on cases (n = 4207 schizophrenia, n = 1402 bipolar disorder, n = 18 215 major depression) and a random population sample (n = 17 582), born 1981-1997, was linked between Danish civil and psychiatric registries. Genome-wide data were obtained from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank and PRSs were calculated based on results of separate, large meta-analyses. RESULTS PRSs for schizophrenia and major depression were weakly associated with moving once (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.16; and odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, respectively), but not twice or three or more times. Mobility was positively associated with each disorder, with more moves associated with greater risk. Adjustment for PRS produced slight reductions in the magnitude of associations. Adjustment for PRS and parental history of mental disorder together reduced estimates by 5-11%. In fully adjusted models mobility was associated with all three disorders; hazard ratios ranged from 1.33 (95% CI 1.08-1.62; one move and bipolar disorder) to 3.05 (95% CI 1.92-4.86; three or more moves and bipolar disorder). CONCLUSIONS Associations of mobility with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression do not appear to be attributable to genetic liability as measured here. Potential familial confounding of mobility associations may be predominantly environmental in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paksarian
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Betina B Trabjerg
- NCRR-National Center for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU–Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Denmark,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B. Pedersen
- NCRR-National Center for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU–Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- NCRR-National Center for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU–Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- NCRR-National Center for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU–Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Henriette Thisted Horsdal
- NCRR-National Center for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
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O'Reilly LM, Kuja-Halkola R, Rickert ME, Class QA, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, D'Onofrio BM. The intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior: an offspring of siblings study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:173. [PMID: 32474571 PMCID: PMC7261287 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the extent to which genetic factors shared across generations, measured covariates, and environmental factors associated with parental suicidal behavior (suicide attempt or suicide) account for the association between parental and offspring suicidal behavior. We used a Swedish cohort of 2,762,883 offspring born 1973-2001. We conducted two sets of analyses with offspring of half- and full-siblings: (1) quantitative behavior genetic models analyzing maternal suicidal behavior and (2) fixed-effects Cox proportional hazard models analyzing maternal and paternal suicidal behavior. The analyses also adjusted for numerous measured covariates (e.g., parental severe mental illness). Quantitative behavior genetic analyses found that 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.29, 53.12%) of the intergenerational association was due to environmental factors associated with exposure to maternal suicidal behavior, with the remainder due to genetic factors. Statistical adjustment for parental behavioral health problems partially attenuated the environmental association; however, the results were no longer statistically significant. Cox hazard models similarly found that offspring were at a 2.74-fold increased risk [95% CI, 2.67, 2.83]) of suicidal behavior if their mothers attempted/died by suicide. After adjustment for familial factors and measured covariates, associations attenuated but remained elevated for offspring of discordant half-siblings (HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.45, 1.71]) and full-siblings (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.57, 1.67]). Cox hazard models demonstrated a similar pattern between paternal and offspring suicidal behavior. This study found that the intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior is largely due to shared genetic factors, as well as factors associated with parental behavioral health problems and environmental factors associated with parental suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Näher AF, Rummel-Kluge C, Hegerl U. Associations of Suicide Rates With Socioeconomic Status and Social Isolation: Findings From Longitudinal Register and Census Data. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:898. [PMID: 31992995 PMCID: PMC6971176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide represents a major challenge to public mental health. In order to provide empirical evidence for prevention strategies, we hypothesized current levels of low socioeconomic status (SES) and high social isolation (SI) to be linked to increased suicide rates in N = 390 administrative districts since SES and SI are associated with mental illness. Effects of SES on suicide rates were further expected to be especially pronounced in districts with individuals showing high SI levels as SI reduces the reception of social support and moderates the impact of low SES on poor mental health. We linked German Microcensus data to register data on all 149,033 German suicides between 1997 and 2010 and estimated Prentice and Sheppard's model for aggregate data to test the hypotheses, accounting for spatial effect correlations. The findings reveal increases in district suicide rates by 1.20% (p < 0.035) for 1% increases of district unemployment, suicide rate decreases of -0.39% (p < 0.028) for 1% increases in incomes, increases of 1.65% (p < 0.033) in suicides for 1% increases in one-person-households and increases in suicide rates of 0.54% (p < 0.036) for 1% decreases in single persons' incomes as well as suicide rate increases of 3.52% (p < 0.000) for 1% increases in CASMIN scores of individuals who moved throughout the year preceding suicide. The results represent appropriate starting points for the development of suicide prevention strategies. For the definition of more precise measures, future work should focus on the causal mechanisms resulting in suicidality incorporating individual level data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol-Fiete Näher
- Department of Pneumology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wiggs KK, Rickert ME, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT, Almqvist C, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Oberg AS, D'Onofrio BM. A Family-Based Study of the Association Between Labor Induction and Offspring Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Low Academic Achievement. Behav Genet 2017; 47:383-393. [PMID: 28551761 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined associations between labor induction and both (1) offspring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in a Swedish birth cohort born 1992-2005 (n = 1,085,008) and (2) indices of offspring low academic achievement in a sub-cohort born 1992-1997 (n = 489,196). Associations were examined in the entire sample (i.e., related and unrelated individuals) with adjustment for measured covariates and, in order to account for unmeasured confounders shared within families, within differentially exposed cousins and siblings. We observed an association between labor induction and offspring ADHD diagnosis and low academic achievement in the population. However, these associations were fully attenuated after adjusting for measured covariates and unmeasured factors that cousins and siblings share. The results suggest that observed associations between labor induction and ADHD and low academic achievement may be due to genetic and/or shared environmental factors that influence both mothers' risk of labor induction and offspring neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K Wiggs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Martin E Rickert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Sonia Hernandez-Diaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Brian T Bateman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sara Oberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Sujan AC, Rickert ME, Öberg AS, Quinn PD, Hernández-Díaz S, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, D’Onofrio BM. Associations of Maternal Antidepressant Use During the First Trimester of Pregnancy With Preterm Birth, Small for Gestational Age, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring. JAMA 2017; 317:1553-1562. [PMID: 28418479 PMCID: PMC5875187 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prenatal antidepressant exposure has been associated with adverse outcomes. Previous studies, however, may not have adequately accounted for confounding. OBJECTIVE To evaluate alternative hypotheses for associations between first-trimester antidepressant exposure and birth and neurodevelopmental problems. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included Swedish offspring born between 1996 and 2012 and followed up through 2013 or censored by death or emigration. Analyses controlling for pregnancy, maternal and paternal covariates, as well as sibling comparisons, timing of exposure comparisons, and paternal comparisons, were used to examine the associations. EXPOSURES Maternal self-reported first-trimester antidepressant use and first-trimester antidepressant dispensations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks), small for gestational age (birth weight <2 SDs below the mean for gestational age), and first inpatient or outpatient clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring. RESULTS Among 1 580 629 offspring (mean gestational age, 279 days; 48.6% female; 1.4% [n = 22 544] with maternal first-trimester self-reported antidepressant use) born to 943 776 mothers (mean age at childbirth, 30 years), 6.98% of exposed vs 4.78% of unexposed offspring were preterm, 2.54% of exposed vs 2.19% of unexposed were small for gestational age, 5.28% of exposed vs 2.14% of unexposed were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 15 years, and 12.63% of exposed vs 5.46% of unexposed were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by age 15 years. At the population level, first-trimester exposure was associated with all outcomes compared with unexposed offspring (preterm birth odds ratio [OR], 1.47 [95% CI, 1.40-1.55]; small for gestational age OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06-1.25]; autism spectrum disorder hazard ratio [HR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.80-2.26]; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder HR, 2.21 [95% CI, 2.04-2.39]). However, in models that compared siblings while adjusting for pregnancy, maternal, and paternal traits, first-trimester antidepressant exposure was associated with preterm birth (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.18-1.52]) but not with small for gestational age (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.81-1.25]), autism spectrum disorder (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.62-1.13]), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.79-1.25]). Results from analyses assessing associations with maternal dispensations before pregnancy and with paternal first-trimester dispensations were consistent with findings from the sibling comparisons. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among offspring born in Sweden, after accounting for confounding factors, first-trimester exposure to antidepressants, compared with no exposure, was associated with a small increased risk of preterm birth but no increased risk of small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha C. Sujan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Martin E. Rickert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - A. Sara Öberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Patrick D. Quinn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sonia Hernández-Díaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Brian M. D’Onofrio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- All correspondence should be sent to: Brian M. D’Onofrio, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, Phone: 812-856-0843, Fax: 812-856-4544,
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Webb RT, Pedersen CB, Mok PLH. Adverse Outcomes to Early Middle Age Linked With Childhood Residential Mobility. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:291-300. [PMID: 27288289 PMCID: PMC4982753 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Links between childhood residential mobility and multiple adverse outcomes through to maturity, and effect modification of these associations by familial SES, are incompletely understood. METHODS A national cohort of people born in Denmark in 1971-1997 were followed from their 15th birthdays until their early forties (N=1,475,030). Residential moves during each age year between birth and age 14 years were examined, with follow-up to 2013. Incidence rate ratios for attempted suicide, violent criminality, psychiatric illness, substance misuse, and natural and unnatural deaths were estimated. The analyses were conducted during 2014-2015. RESULTS Elevated risks were observed for all examined outcomes, with excess risk seen among those exposed to multiple versus single relocations in a year. Risks grew incrementally with increasing age of exposure to mobility. For violent offending, attempted suicide, substance misuse, and unnatural death, sharp spikes in risk linked with multiple relocations in a year during early/mid-adolescence were found. With attempted suicide and violent offending, the primary outcomes, a distinct risk gradient was observed with increasing age at exposure across the socioeconomic spectrum. CONCLUSIONS The links between childhood residential mobility and negative outcomes in later life appear widespread across multiple endpoints, with elevation in risk being particularly marked if frequent residential change occurs during early/mid-adolescence. Heightened vigilance is indicated for relocated adolescents and their families, with a view to preventing longer-term adverse outcomes in this population among all socioeconomic groups. Risk management will require close cooperation among multiple public agencies, particularly child, adolescent, and adult mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger T Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pearl L H Mok
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
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