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Jacobs EJ, Spiker S, Newsome KB, Danielson ML, Bhupalam S, Leeb RT. Mental health in undergraduate students several months into the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38015158 PMCID: PMC11130070 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare mental health indicators among undergraduates in Fall 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, and Fall 2020, when many students returned to campus amidst restrictions on in-person contact. PARTICIPANTS Analyses included 26,881 undergraduate students, aged 18-24, from 70 U.S. institutions. METHODS Students completed the National College Health Assessment-III survey in Fall 2019 or Fall 2020. RESULTS The prevalences of high stress, loneliness, a low flourishing score, and serious psychological distress increased in 2020 compared to 2019. Serious psychological distress increased substantially in 2020 among students not living with family (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR)=1.36, 95% CI 1.29-1.45) but not among students living with family (aPR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.95-1.26). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest prevalences of several indicators of poor mental health were elevated among U.S. undergraduates several months into the pandemic. The pandemic may have had greater impact on mental health among students not living with family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Jacobs
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sable Spiker
- Office of the Associate Director for Policy and Strategy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kimberly B. Newsome
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa L. Danielson
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sivapriya Bhupalam
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca T. Leeb
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Prado ADS, Kohls E, Baldofski S, Rummel-Kluge C, Freitas JDL. Acceptability and Feasibility of Online Support Groups for Mental Health Promotion in Brazilian Graduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e44887. [PMID: 37831483 PMCID: PMC10612004 DOI: 10.2196/44887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 aggravated already existing difficulties and added new challenges for students. Owing to the gap between needed and available psychological services, group interventions may offer a helpful strategy for student mental health promotion. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the acceptability and feasibility of a 4-week online support group program designed for mental health promotion tailored to graduate students at a Brazilian public university in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2022 to June 2022). METHODS Participants in the program took part in online support groups based on a pilot group facilitated by a trained clinical psychologist. Self-administered, standardized web-based questionnaires were assessed at the baseline (T0; before the intervention), postintervention (T2), and follow-up (T3; after 4-6 weeks) time points. We measured sociodemographic variables, treatment credibility and expectancy (Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire), satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), negative effects of the intervention (Negative Effects Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and participants' quality of life (abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment). A 9-answer option questionnaire and open-ended questions also assessed the group's perceived positive and negative outcomes. RESULTS The total sample comprised 32 participants. Most (23/32, 72%) were doctoral students. Credibility and expectancy scores were high. Participants' satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) with the program was high at the postintervention (T2) and follow-up (T3) evaluations (T2: mean 28.66, SD 3.02; T3: mean 27.91, SD 3.02). Most participants reported that they could learn from other participants' experiences (T2: 29/32, 91%; T3: 27/32, 84%) and felt encouraged to take better care of themselves (T2: 22/32, 69%; T3: 24/32, 75%). None of the participants reported that they had no benefits from the program. The PHQ-9 scores showed mild to moderate depressive symptoms (mean 9.59, SD 6.34), whereas the answers of 9% (3/32) of the participants to the PHQ-9 item 9 indicated suicidality at baseline (T0). Finally, the 4 domains of quality of life (physical: P=.01; psychological: P=.004; social: P=.02; and environmental: P<.001) showed a slight and statistically significant improvement at the postintervention evaluation (T0: mean 57.03, SD 15.39 to 59.64, SD 17.21; T2: mean 64.32, SD 11.97 to 68.75, SD 8.87). CONCLUSIONS Online support groups for the mental health promotion of graduate students are feasible and can be especially useful for universities with students allocated to different cities. They are also satisfactory and may positively influence participants' quality of life. Therefore, they can be considered a helpful mental health promotion strategy in the educational context. Further studies could evaluate these (or similar) programs under nonpandemic circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliana da Silva Prado
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
- Campus Curitiba, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldofski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Oliveira LFD, Santos EAD, Franco AM, Marin KA, Nascimento-Ferreira MV. Assessment of the validity of a sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students from low-income regions. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:771-777. [PMID: 37073740 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity, lifestyle interventions, particularly in nutritional education programs, should be prioritized among university students. Monitoring sedentary behavior is an important step toward preventing and controlling obesity. Therefore, we assessed the reliability and validity of an online questionnaire on sedentary behavior among university students from low-income regions. Methods: this cross-sectional methodological feasibility study evaluated the psychometric properties of the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) questionnaire. We administered this questionnaire in an online format to 195 and 117 university students (aged between 17 and 53 years) to assess its validity and reliability, respectively. The questionnaire measures the daily time spent watching TV, playing electronic games, using a computer, studying and passive commuting on weekdays and weekends. The questionnaire involved two stages (Q1 and Q2) separated by an interval of 2 weeks. Reliability was assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis. The structural validity of the construct was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Results: all variables showed acceptable reliability (Spearman's rho > 0.30 and p < 0.05). Regarding construct structural validity, the exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors (variance explained: 71.4 %) and did not exclude any items. Conclusion: the online SAYCARE questionnaire exhibited acceptable reliability and structural validity for assessing sedentary behavior among university students from low-income regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando de Oliveira
- Health, Physical Activity and Behavior Research (HEALTHY-BRA) Group. Universidade Federal do Tocantins
| | | | - Alaiana Marinho Franco
- Health, Physical Activity and Behavior Research (HEALTHY-BRA) Group. Universidade Federal do Tocantins
| | - Kliver Antonio Marin
- Health, Physical Activity and Behavior Research (HEALTHY-BRA) Group. Universidade Federal do Tocantins
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Orozco MFS, de González WYE, Marín NP, Hernández JRC, Hernandez-Cabanillas JC, Acosta IO, Rider RM, Casillas Santana MA. Depression and opinion of dental students regarding the hybrid learning model during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37060098 PMCID: PMC10103031 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of COVID-19 forced schools at all educational levels to close, which was repeated in more than 60 countries. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of dental students world wide. This study hypothesizes that the prevalence of depression in dental students from El Salvador is higher than that reported in studies from Europe, Asia, and North America. METHODS This study was an online cross-sectional survey performed at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Salvador. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was applied to know the level of depression of the students, and a questionnaire focused on learning the opinion of the students on the hybrid teaching model adopted. Approximately 450 students participated in both questionnaires. RESULTS Regarding the levels of depression present in the students, 14% had minimal depression, 29% had medium depression, 23% had moderate depression and, 34% had severe depression. The students had an excellent opinion regarding the hybrid learning model. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression in dental students in El Salvador seems to be higher than that reported in studies in non-Latin American countries. Therefore, universities must generate care plans for mental health to avoid these harmful effects on students during future contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Felipe Salas Orozco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MFSO, C.P. 78290, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Yesenia Escobar de González
- Doctora en Cirugía Dental. Profesora de Cariología e Investigadora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Nuria Patiño Marín
- Department of Clinical Research, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Hernandez-Cabanillas
- Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MFSO, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | - Ivan Olivares Acosta
- Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MFSO, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Martinez Rider
- Department of Clinical Research, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Casillas Santana
- Maestría en Estomatología con Opción Terminal en Ortodoncia, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, C.P. 72410, Mexico.
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Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1921. [PMID: 36767287 PMCID: PMC9915401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health deterioration in young adults in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic is being increasingly studied. It is clear that the psychological consequences of the pandemic will be evident for many years, especially among the younger generation, who did not have time to acquire adaptive coping strategies before the outbreak of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to assess the condition of the mental health of students at Polish universities after two years of the pandemic. The types of coping strategies used by the respondents to deal with stress were also evaluated in order to establish which of them could have a beneficial effect on the psyche of young people. METHODS This study included 721 participants (age [years]: M = 25.7, SD = 5.3; 269 (37.2%) males) recruited using snowball sampling from students at two universities in Lodz, Poland, and full-time doctoral students from across Poland (phase I of the study was conducted in March 2019 (N = 352); phase II of the study was conducted in April 2022 (N = 369)). The following tools were used in this study: The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) by D. Goldberg, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Inventory for Measuring Coping with Stress (Mini-COPE) by Carver et al. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS The results detailing the condition of the mental health of the subjects, as measured using GHQ-28, were significantly worse in the group surveyed after two years of the pandemic than the results of the survey conducted in March 2019 (adjusted odds ratio for GHQ-28 ≥ 5: 3.66, 95%CI 2.12-6.30, p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were seen for each of the subscales of the GHQ-28 questionnaire. Most often, the subjects complained of anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders, in addition to somatic symptoms. The risk factors for worsening mental health included female (odds ratio 1.70, 95%CI 1.20-2.40, p = 0.003) and professional inactivity (odds ratio 1.55, 95%CI 1.04-2.31, p = 0.031). On the other hand, the ages of the people surveyed, their relationship status, whether they had children, or the type of university they attended all proved to be insignificant. The following coping strategies had a positive impact on the mental health of the respondents: positive reframing (Z = -2.951; p = 0.003) and seeking emotional support (Z = -2.351; p = 0.019). In contrast, strategies such as self-distraction (Z = 2.785; p = 0.005), denial (Z = 2.948; p = 0.003), venting (Z = 2.337; p = 0.019), self-blame (Z = 5.511; p < 0.001) and behavioral disengagement (Z = 4.004; p < 0.001) were associated with poorer mental health among the respondents. CONCLUSIONS 1. Of the students surveyed, 33% reported elevated stress levels after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. 2. The overall mental health of students at Polish universities, as measured by GHQ-28, was significantly worse in the group evaluated after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly in respect of anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders. 3. Female gender and professional inactivity appeared to be risk factors for the students' worsening mental health, which may be an indication of the need for further research and planning of psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Talarowska
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, al. Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Rucka
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, al. Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kowalczyk
- Babinski Memorial Hospital, ul. Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Chodkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, al. Rodziny Scheiblerów 2, 90-128 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Seweryn Karbownik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Valero-Bover D, Fradera M, Carot-Sans G, Parra I, Piera-Jiménez J, Pontes C, Palao D. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Suicidal Behaviors: A Retrospective Analysis of Integrated Electronic Health Records in a Population of 7.5 Million. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14364. [PMID: 36361243 PMCID: PMC9654221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused remarkable psychological overwhelming and an increase in stressors that may trigger suicidal behaviors. However, its impact on the rate of suicidal behaviors has been poorly reported. We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis of all suicidal behaviors attended in healthcare centers of Catalonia (northeast Spain; 7.5 million inhabitants) between January 2017 and June 2022 (secondary use of data routinely reported to central suicide and diagnosis registries). We retrieved data from this period, including an assessment of suicide risk and individuals' socioeconomic as well as clinical characteristics. Data were summarized yearly and for the periods before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain in March 2020. The analysis included 26,458 episodes of suicidal behavior (21,920 individuals); of these, 16,414 (62.0%) were suicide attempts. The monthly moving average ranged between 300 and 400 episodes until July 2020, and progressively increased to over 600 episodes monthly. In the postpandemic period, suicidal ideation increased at the expense of suicidal attempts. Cases showed a lower suicide risk; the percentage of females and younger individuals increased, whereas the prevalence of classical risk factors, such as living alone, lacking a family network, and a history of psychiatric diagnosis, decreased. In summary, suicidal behaviors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more episodes of suicidal ideation without attempts in addition to younger and lower risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damià Valero-Bover
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marc Fradera
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ParcTaulí, Parc Tauí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edifici Santa Fe, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gerard Carot-Sans
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isabel Parra
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ParcTaulí, Parc Tauí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edifici Santa Fe, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Piera-Jiménez
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Informatics, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla de Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caridad Pontes
- Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts, 131-159 Edifici Olímpia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System DS3-IDIBELL, Gran via de l'Hospitalet Número 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici M Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital ParcTaulí, Parc Tauí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edifici Santa Fe, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Yan WJ, Zhang F, Ouyang H, Xing CQ, Liu WZ. Beneficial for mental health, exercise more or less? World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1258-1260. [PMID: 36186504 PMCID: PMC9521530 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity may improve mental health during the pandemic by reducing inflammatory responses. However, overtraining or prolonged exercise training may adversely affect mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Yan
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen-Qi Xing
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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