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Yang Q, Dwyer CM, Vigors B, Zhao R, Langford FM. Animal welfare with Chinese characteristics: Chinese poultry producers' perceptions of, and attitudes towards, animal welfare. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307061. [PMID: 39024229 PMCID: PMC11257329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
China's poultry industry faces challenges in adopting and sustaining cage-free systems for poultry production. Effective interventions are crucial to support producers transitioning from cages to alternative systems or maintaining cage-free systems to improve animal welfare. However, little is known about how Chinese poultry producers perceive animal welfare in relation to cage-free systems and the importance of animal welfare in poultry production. Through a qualitative interview study with 30 Chinese farm owners, managers and senior managers from large-scale egg and broiler farms using cages and non-cage systems (collectively referred to as "producers"), this paper explores Chinese poultry producers' attitudes and perceptions regarding animal welfare and welfare in different poultry housing systems. Template analysis was used to analyse the data from semi-structured interviews, which generated themes related to the participants' awareness and understanding of the concept of animal welfare, the factors that impacted their choices of different housing systems, and the perceived priorities in poultry production. The responses revealed that the participating producers had a strong awareness and knowledge of animal welfare. However, the participants' understanding of the term is heterogeneous: generally, egg producers emphasised natural behaviours, whereas broiler producers prioritised health and productivity. Nevertheless, profitability, leadership, and organisational policies primarily influenced housing system choices rather than animal welfare values. Economic motives drove egg producers towards cage-free systems, prompted by consumers' and companies' demand for cage-free eggs committed to transitioning away from cages by 2025. In conclusion, tailored interventions for different poultry sectors within China are necessary. While animal welfare values matter, economic incentives seem more promising for steering the shift towards and maintaining cage-free poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy M. Dwyer
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Vigors
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fritha M. Langford
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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2
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Esenbuga N, Ekinci O. Dietary Effects of Some Plant Extracts on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Some Blood Parameters in Laying Hens at Different Cage Densities. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3866. [PMID: 38136903 PMCID: PMC10740431 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of cage density and anise extract (AE), thyme extract (TE), and black cumin extract (BCE) supplementation in the diet of laying hens on laying performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters. A total of 288 Lohman White commercial hens were blocked according to the location of their cages. The four dietary treatments included a control, basal diet + 250 mg/kg of AE, basal diet + 250 mg/kg of BCE, and basal diet + 250 mg/kg of TE for 12 weeks. The cage density affected egg production (p < 0.05), feed consumption (p < 0.01), and cracked eggs (p < 0.05). Increasing the cage density caused a linear decrease in egg production and feed consumption. Compared to the control, there was a decrease in feed consumption (p < 0.01) in the plant extract groups, and in parallel, egg production decreased. An increased cage density did not affect the egg quality traits except the shell strength. The shell strength, yolk color, yolk index, albumen index, and Haught unit were significantly affected by the plant extracts. The cage density and plant extracts had a significant effect on the serum corticosterone and glucose (p < 0.01). The highest values of corticosterone and glucose were recorded for dietary TE with a cage density of 4 birds/cm2. On the other hand, the lowest values of these parameters were recorded for AE addition with a cage density of 3 birds/cm2. As a result, an increased cage density was associated with stress and depression in the feed consumption and metabolic profiles. Supplemental AE, BCE, and TE improved the laying performance and metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurinisa Esenbuga
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ataturk, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Ozlem Ekinci
- Department of Poultry, General Directorate of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara 06170, Türkiye
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3
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Huanhong K, Thomya S, Teerakitchotikan P, Lumsangkul C, Tangpao T, Prasad SK, Prasad KS, Sommano SR. Volatile organic compound emissions in free-range chicken production: Impacts on environment, welfare and sustainability. AIMS AGRICULTURE AND FOOD 2023; 8:1071-1091. [DOI: 10.3934/agrfood.2023058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>The increasing demand for free-range poultry products has led to a surge in their availability in the market, prompting a potential decline in premium prices associated with these products. This shift places considerable pressure on upstream costs in chicken production. A comprehensive under-standing of its impact on the environment is essential to ensure the success of commercial and industrial free-range chicken production. However, there exists a significant knowledge gap concerning the emission and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from organic-free range chicken, and their environmental implications have yet to be understood. We aim to address this critical knowledge gap by elucidating the role of VOC emissions in chicken production and assessing their impact on human and animal health, as well as environmental challenges. Understanding the implications of VOC emissions is essential for promoting sustainable and responsible free-range chicken farming practices. By identifying the sources of VOC emissions and their impacts, stakeholders can implement appropriate measures to optimize air quality and enhance the well-being of chickens and workers. Ultimately, this review highlights the role of VOCs in animal production, providing valuable insights for improving the efficiency, environmental sustainability and welfare aspects of free-range chicken farming.</p>
</abstract>
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiattisak Huanhong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Thomya
- Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patipon Teerakitchotikan
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tibet Tangpao
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shashanka K Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kollur Shiva Prasad
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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4
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The Potential of Understory Production Systems to Improve Laying Hen Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172305. [PMID: 36078025 PMCID: PMC9454577 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-cage farming is gradually becoming the mainstream mode of poultry farming worldwide, which has led to concerns regarding the welfare of laying hens in China. Under huge pressure for the supply of eggs, China, with relatively insufficient land resources, is highly dependent on cage systems, thus posing significant challenges related to animal welfare. In the context of this dilemma, China’s abundant woodland resources provide a means to improve the welfare of laying hens, in particular, providing a wide living space for laying hens to express their natural behaviours, such as foraging and reproduction. At the same time, this profitable farming model has been welcomed and supported by farmers in some areas of China, and is gradually being promoted, which may provide a template and confidence for China and other countries to address the challenges of keeping hens in non-cage systems in order to improve animal welfare. Abstract The welfare of laying hens in cage systems is of increasing concern. Represented by the European Union’s ‘End the Cage Age’ initiative, more and more countries have advocated cage-free farming. China, an important country for poultry farming and consumption in the world, is highly dependent on cage systems and lacks confidence in alternative (e.g., free-range) systems. In this context, using China’s abundant woodland resources (including natural forests, plantations, and commercial forests) to facilitate the management of laying hens in a free-range environment may provide highly promising welfare improvement programs. On the basis of the Five Freedoms, we assess the welfare status of understory laying hen management systems with reference to the behavioural needs and preferences of laying hens and the EU standards for free-range and organic production (highest animal welfare standards in the world). The results show that the considered systems meet or even exceed these standards, in terms of key indicators such as outdoor and indoor stocking density, outdoor activity time, and food and drug use. Specifically, the systems provide sufficient organic food for laying hens without using antibiotics. They allow laying hens to avoid beak trimming, as well as to express nesting, foraging, perching, reproductive, dustbathing and other priority behaviours. The presence of roosters and higher use of woodland space allow the laying hens to achieve better feather and bone conditions, thus reducing stress and fear damage. Notably, the predation problem is not yet considered significant. Second, there is evidence that understory laying hen systems are profitable and have been welcomed and supported by farmers and governments in the southwest, south, and north of China. However, whether it can be scaled up is uncertain, and further research is needed. In addition, laying hens in this management system face various risks, such as foot injury, parasitism, and high dependence on consumer markets, which must be considered. Overall, agro-forestry, or accurately, understory poultry raising, provides opportunities and possibilities for free-range laying hens and welfare improvement in China and other countries.
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Environmental Enrichment as Part of the Improvement of the Welfare of Japanese Quails. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151963. [PMID: 35953952 PMCID: PMC9367415 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays, keeping animals in cage systems is controversial. Regulations and increased consumer awareness are causing cage systems to lose ground in many countries. In the case of Japanese quails bred for both egg and meat production, their maintenance in a non-cage system is very difficult and uneconomical; therefore, they are kept in cages, and, unlike egg-laying hens, the regulations only regulate the basic parameters, such as cage size and access to food and water. Taking this into account, studies have been conducted that indicate that keeping quails in enriched cages improves the birds’ welfare. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the indicators of the behavioural and physiological welfare of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) as possible responses to the enrichment of the birds’ habitat. The study sample consisted of 280 Japanese quails (224 ♀ and 56 ♂, respectively). Birds of 5 weeks of age were randomly divided into seven equally sized groups and then divided into replication subgroups (four per group, 10 birds in each replication). Birds were maintained in 0.5 m2 cages with unrestricted access to water and food. The experimental factor was the presence or absence of enrichment of the birds’ cages: the nest box, scratcher, plastic corrugated pipe (tunnel), limestone cubes, sandbathing box and feeder box with a drilled cover. Quails were subjected to behavioural tests (tonic immobility and open field tests) and, after 6 weeks, blood samples were taken from them to determine their biochemical indices as well as their cortisol and corticosterone levels. An additional element was the assessment of fertility indices. The presence of enrichment was shown to reduce behavioural disturbances in Japanese quails. This study also found that the colour and shape of an object were very important regarding the birds’ interest in it. Additionally, individuals kept in enriched cages, who were allowed to exhibit their natural behavioural patterns, had lower stress levels.
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Lizzio‐Wilson M, Thomas EF, Louis WR, Amiot CE, Bury SM, Molenberghs P, Decety J, Crane MF. Do the means affect the ends? Radical tactics influence motivation and action tendencies via the perceived legitimacy and efficacy of those actions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Lizzio‐Wilson
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia
| | - Emma F. Thomas
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia
| | | | - Catherine E. Amiot
- Département de Psychologie Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Canada
| | - Simon M. Bury
- School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology The University of Chicago Chicago USA
| | - Monique F. Crane
- Department of Psychology Macquarie University North Ryde Australia
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7
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Wen P, Li L, Xue H, Jia Y, Gao L, Li R, Huo L. Comprehensive evaluation method of the poultry house indoor environment based on gray relation analysis and analytic hierarchy process. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101587. [PMID: 34922045 PMCID: PMC8689258 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the antagonism and synergy among environmental factors in the poultry house, the influence process becomes extremely complex. As a result, it is difficult to predict and evaluate the degree of such influence accurately. In this paper, we study the poultry house environment factor and its relationship with poultry production performance, using the gray relation analysis (GRA) to filtrate the main factors that influence the evaluation of the poultry house environment. Put forward using the gray relation degree (GRD) to improve the method for structuring the judgment matrix, and weights are more objective and reasonable. The evaluation index system and evaluation model are constructed through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). It is expected that the comprehensive evaluation of the indoor environment status of the poultry house can guide the optimization of the environmental control in the poultry house and obtain better production indicators of the poultry. In this study, the experimental broiler house was enclosed in autumn. Because of the ventilation system, the indoor environment is still affected by the outdoor environment. The top 3 in the calculation of weights were outdoor environment (0.4315), indoor temperature (0.2384), and indoor air quality (0.1687), which were consistent with experience. From October 24 to 27, the environmental evaluation values of the experimental broiler house were {2.4367, 2.8149, 2.3857, 2.5669}, that is, the evaluation results were {good, good, good, good}; consistent with the expert manual judgment. The correctness and practicability of the proposed method were verified. This paper provides a scientific basis for environmental evaluation and environmental control in the poultry house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Meat and Layer Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Intelligent Equipment and New Energy Utilization, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lihua Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Meat and Layer Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Intelligent Equipment and New Energy Utilization, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hao Xue
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Meat and Layer Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Intelligent Equipment and New Energy Utilization, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuchen Jia
- College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Meat and Layer Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Intelligent Equipment and New Energy Utilization, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Liai Gao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Meat and Layer Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Intelligent Equipment and New Energy Utilization, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Limin Huo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Meat and Layer Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Intelligent Equipment and New Energy Utilization, Baoding 071000, China.
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8
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The Welfare Status of Hens in Different Housing Systems – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The currently used poultry farming methods, which aim to maximise economic profit, are based on ever new technological solutions that improve flock management and increase bird performance. However, they do not always meet the natural needs of birds. Every housing method and technological solution currently in use is faced with some issues, such as social stress, adverse temperature/ humidity conditions, risk of zoonoses, and behavioural pathologies, which determine poultry performance and welfare. Disregard for animal welfare involves not only ethical but also practical aspects, because well-being and housing comfort translate into better weight gains, health and productivity of the birds. The studies reported here suggest that every production system, despite the many welfare-improving aspects, causes numerous behavioural, productivity and health abnormalities in laying hens. Therefore, further research is needed to identify various risk factors for the purpose of improving housing systems and increasing the welfare of hens.
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9
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Pejman N, Kallas Z, Reig L, Velarde A, Moreno M, Magnani D, Protopapadaki V, Ribikauskas V, Ribikauskienė D, Dalmau A. Should Animal Welfare be Included in Educational Programs? Attitudes of Secondary and University Students from Eight EU Countries. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34435531 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1969931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal Welfare (AW) educational programs aim to promote positive attitudes of future generations toward animal production systems. This study investigated whether secondary and university students in the majors that are not related to AW teaching believe that this concept should be included also in their educational programs. The determinant factors affecting students' attitudes toward such a decision were analyzed. This research has focused on eight European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, Poland, Greece, Lithuania, Romania, Italy, and Sweden) targeting 3,881 respondents composed of 1,952 secondary and 1,929 university students. The results showed that female university students with a high level of subjective and objective knowledge on AW and who required more restrictive AW regulations, gave support to include the concept in their educational programs. However, Students who support medical experiments that use animals to improve human health were less likely to accept AW education. Furthermore, students in Italy compared to those in Sweden were prone to support AW educational programs. Results highlight the importance of teaching the AW concept as a comprehensive teaching tool at universities and schools' programs as it may constitute a starting point for a more sustainable society toward improving animal living conditions, mainly in the Mediterranean countries in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Pejman
- Institute for Research in Sustainability Science and Technology (IS-UPC), Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zein Kallas
- Centre for Agro-food Economy and Development, CREDA-UPC-IRTA, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Lourdes Reig
- Centre for Agro-food Economy and Development, CREDA-UPC-IRTA, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Antonio Velarde
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology- IRTA, Nutrition, Health and Animal Welfare Programm, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Monells, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology- IRTA, Nutrition, Health and Animal Welfare Programm, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Monells, Spain
| | - Diego Magnani
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology- IRTA, Nutrition, Health and Animal Welfare Programm, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Monells, Spain
| | - Vicky Protopapadaki
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology- IRTA, Nutrition, Health and Animal Welfare Programm, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Monells, Spain
| | - Vytautas Ribikauskas
- Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Food Safety and Quality, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Ribikauskienė
- Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Antoni Dalmau
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology- IRTA, Nutrition, Health and Animal Welfare Programm, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Monells, Spain
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10
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Awada L, Chalvet-Monfray K, Tizzani P, Caceres P, Ducrot C. Global formal live poultry and hatching egg trade network (2004-2016): description and association with poultry disease reporting and presence. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101322. [PMID: 34280649 PMCID: PMC8319027 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As international trade constitutes one of the main spread pathways of diseases, a better understanding of the trade behaviors of countries will help identify strengths and areas for improvement in the approach of national authorities to controlling poultry diseases globally. Using data reported to the United Nations Comtrade and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) between 2004 and 2016 by 193 countries, we used a network analysis on trade data of poultry hatching eggs, live poultry of less than 185 g and live poultry of 185 g or more to determine that: 1) quantities traded between countries are substantial, and tend to increase (average increase of 800,000 poultry heads and 21,000 tons of hatching eggs each year equivalent to an increase by 2-fold in 17 yr); 2) the stability of the networks was low (a quarter to half of trade relationships maintained between 2 consecutive years) and the subnetworks favorable to the spread of diseases were in general consistent with regional clustering, trade exchanges being equally at intracontinental and intercontinental levels; 3) countries with highest number of partners were located in the same world regions for the 3 poultry networks - Americas and Europe for export (up to 107 partners) and Africa, Asia and Europe for import (up to 36 partners); 4) for live poultry, biggest exporting countries shared more poultry disease surveillance data, and reported more disease presence than others, which did not stop them from trading. Biggest importers reported less poultry disease surveillance data and reported more disease presence than others; and 5) the main structural and trend characteristics of the international trade networks were in general similar for the 3 networks. The information derived from this work underlines the importance of applying the preventive measures advocated by the OIE and will support countries to reduce the risk of introduction of pathogens causing poultry diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Awada
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health 75017 Paris, France; Lyon University, UMR EPIA, INRA VetAgro Sup, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - K Chalvet-Monfray
- Clermont Auvergne University, UMR EPIA, INRA VetAgro Sup, 63122, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - P Tizzani
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health 75017 Paris, France
| | - P Caceres
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health 75017 Paris, France
| | - C Ducrot
- UMR ASTRE, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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11
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Chang CL, Xie BX, Wang CH. Visual Guidance and Egg Collection Scheme for a Smart Poultry Robot for Free-Range Farms. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20226624. [PMID: 33228034 PMCID: PMC7699349 DOI: 10.3390/s20226624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Free-range chicken farming allows egg-laying hens to move freely through their environment and perform their natural behavior, including laying her eggs. However, it takes time to gather these eggs manually, giving rise to high labor costs. This study proposes a smart mobile robot for poultry farms that can recognize eggs of two different colors on free-range farms. The robot can also pick up and sort eggs without damaging them. An egg feature extraction method with automatic thresholding is employed to detect both white and brown eggs, and a behavior-based navigation method is applied to allow the robot to reach the eggs while avoiding obstacles. The robot can move towards the position of each egg via visual tracking. Once the egg is within the collection area of the robot, it is gathered, sorted and stored in the tank inside the robot. Experiments are carried out in an outdoor field of size 5 m × 5 m under different climatic conditions, and the results showed that the average egg recognition rate is between 94.7% and 97.6%. The proposed mobile poultry robot is low in production cost and simple in operation. It can provide chicken farmers with automatic egg gathering on free-range farms.
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12
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Pavlović M, Ivanović S, Nešić K. Egg production in Serbia. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1750327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Pavlović
- Department for food and feed safety, Scientific Veterinary Institute of Serbia, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Snežana Ivanović
- Department for food and feed safety, Scientific Veterinary Institute of Serbia, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Nešić
- Department for food and feed safety, Scientific Veterinary Institute of Serbia, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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13
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Comparison of Chinese Broiler Production Systems in Economic Performance and Animal Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030491. [PMID: 32183491 PMCID: PMC7142404 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are three main rearing systems for white-feathered broilers in China. They are the net floor system (NFS), the normal cage system (NCS), and the high standard cage system (HCS). This study compared the relationship between economic benefit and animal welfare between these systems. The high economic input, high output, and high profit in these three different rearing systems. The welfare scores were 778.24 ± 29.45, 691.09 ± 32.97, and 669.82 ± 22.79, respectively. As white-feathered broiler production in China has developed, from the conventional system to the latest system, both cost and economic profit have increased while the welfare score has decreased. This study explains why the level of animal welfare in China’s white-feathered broiler production is not high at present, and why breeders do not wish to improve the level of animal welfare production. Abstract Both proper animal welfare and economic benefit are important to the broiler industry, so it is better to consider these two factors together. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between economic benefit and animal welfare in different production systems of white-feathered broilers in China. Based on the Welfare Quality Assessment (WQA) protocol for poultry, the authors compared and evaluated the results of the Welfare Quality model (WQM) and the deterministic model. The present study conducted welfare evaluations and investigations on 66 broiler chicken flocks on 52 farms in China. These flocks included three types: the net floor system (NFS), the normal cage system (NCS), and the high standard cage system (HCS). In terms of economy, the results were in line with high economic input, high output, and high profit. In terms of animal welfare assessment, the authors calculated the welfare scores per measure and the attributional WQ scores and WQ index scores of each production systems. The results showed that nine welfare measures from four welfare criteria presented different trends in the three production systems. WQ index scores were 778.24 ± 29.45, 691.09 ± 32.97, and 669.82 ± 22.79, respectively. According to Chow test results, significant differences were found between WQ index scores and total cost and profit (all p < 0.01). In conclusion, with the development of white-feathered broiler production in China, from the conventional system to the latest system, both cost and economic profit have been increased, but the welfare score has been decreased.
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Abo Ghanima MM, El-Edel MA, Ashour EA, Abd El-Hack ME, Othman SI, Alwaili MA, Allam AA, Khafaga AF, Abd El-Aziz AH. The Influences of Various Housing Systems on Growth, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Immunity and Oxidative Stress of Meat-Type Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E410. [PMID: 32121623 PMCID: PMC7143679 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different housing systems on Pekin ducks. A total of 300-day old Pekin ducklings were randomly divided into four experimental groups; the first housed in a closed house (CH), the second in closed house with open yard (HY), the third group in closed house with swimming pool (CHSP) and the fourth in a closed house with swimming pool and yard (HYSP). Results indicated that the HYSP and CHSP produced higher body weight comparing to the other groups. However, the HYSP gave the highest body weight followed by CHSP then HY and CH. The same trend was observed regarding weight gain and feed-conversion ratio (FCR). Moreover, HYSP, HY and CHSP showed higher dressing percentage, breast muscles and thighs and lower abdominal fat than the CH group. Serum protein was significantly higher in HYSP and HY than that of the closed house. While, lipids, cholesterol and triacylglycerol were significantly lower in groups housed in HY than that of CH. Meat cholesterol and triacylglycerol reduced in groups reared in HY. Housing ducklings in yards and using swimming pools significantly improved the general immunity (phagocytic index and activity and differential leucocytes count), and also improved the oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, results confirmed that housing ducks in a house supplied with yard and swimming pool can improve its productivity, carcass traits, meat quality, blood lipid profile, immunity and antioxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Abo Ghanima
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.A.E.-E.); (A.H.A.E.-A.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Edel
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.A.E.-E.); (A.H.A.E.-A.)
| | - Elwy A. Ashour
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | | | - Sarah I. Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, BO. Box 24428, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.O.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Maha A. Alwaili
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, BO. Box 24428, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.O.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Ayman H. Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.A.E.-E.); (A.H.A.E.-A.)
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Jacob FG, Salgado DA, Nää IA, Baracho MS. Effect of Environmental Enrichment on the Body Weight in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - IA Nää
- University of Campinas, Brazil
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Innovation for sustainable egg production: realigning production with societal demands in The Netherlands. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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The prevention and control of feather pecking in laying hens: identifying the underlying principles. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Improving the poultry sector in Serbia: major economic constraints and opportunities. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933910000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vargas-Sánchez RD, Ibarra-Arias FJ, Torres-Martínez BDM, Sánchez-Escalante A, Torrescano-Urrutia GR. Use of natural ingredients in the Japanese quail diet and their effect on carcass and meat quality. Review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1641-1656. [PMID: 30744324 PMCID: PMC6817786 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reviews the findings of different research studies on the effect of natural ingredients in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diet on carcass characteristics and meat quality. The results show a relationship between the type and concentration of ingredients used in diets and carcass characteristics and meat quality. The inclusion of medicinal herbs (thyme, black seed, and mint), plants (canola), seeds (chickpea), spices (cinnamon and coriander), worms (earthworms), bee products (propolis), phytochemicals (lycopene), and edible fungi (common mushrooms) in the Japanese quail diet improved carcass quality characteristics compared to the control diets (basal diets). The inclusion of medicinal herbs (spearmint and green tea), spices (cinnamon), vegetables (tomato), plants (verbena and canola), seeds (marijuana), and edible fungi (oyster mushrooms) improved meat quality. In conclusion, the use of ingredients of natural origin in the Japanese quail diet improves carcass quality characteristics and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey David Vargas-Sánchez
- Meat and Meat Products Research Laboratory, Department of Technology of Animal Origin Food, Research Center for Food and Development, A.C. Hermosillo Sonora, ZIP 83304, Mexico
| | - Félix Joel Ibarra-Arias
- Alta Tecnología Industrial para la Salud Animal, S.A. de C.V. Guadalajara Jalisco, ZIP 44430, Mexico
| | - Brisa Del Mar Torres-Martínez
- Meat and Meat Products Research Laboratory, Department of Technology of Animal Origin Food, Research Center for Food and Development, A.C. Hermosillo Sonora, ZIP 83304, Mexico
| | - Armida Sánchez-Escalante
- Meat and Meat Products Research Laboratory, Department of Technology of Animal Origin Food, Research Center for Food and Development, A.C. Hermosillo Sonora, ZIP 83304, Mexico
| | - Gastón Ramón Torrescano-Urrutia
- Meat and Meat Products Research Laboratory, Department of Technology of Animal Origin Food, Research Center for Food and Development, A.C. Hermosillo Sonora, ZIP 83304, Mexico
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Calefi AS, de Queiroz Nunes CA, da Silva Fonseca JG, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ferreira AJP, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress reduces Eimeria spp. infection and interferes with C. perfringens infection via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Res Vet Sci 2019; 123:273-280. [PMID: 30711848 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress has a relevant effect on animal health and productivity. Stress and environmental changes can contribute to disease development, such as avian necrotic enteritis (NE). The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of heat stress applied to broiler chickens in an experimental model of co-infection with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria spp. Therefore, the current study was designed to analyze the effect of heat stress to broiler chickens in an experimental model of infection or co-infection with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria spp. C. perfringens was given in the poultry feed and the Eimeria infection was induced by gavage with a live oocysts vaccine dose 30 times higher than the manufacturer recommendation. We observed a reduction in the secretory IgA concentration in the jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed chickens compared to non-stressed chickens. Decreased maximum scores of intestinal necrosis, crypt abscesses and transmural lesions were observed in the heat-stressed chickens co-infected and infected with Eimeria compared to the respective unstressed groups. Heat stress caused an increase the intestinal lesion scores in chickens infected with C. perfringens only. The crypt depth was greater in chickens from the heat-stressed groups compared to the non-stressed groups. We also demonstrated that HS decreased infection and/or Eimeria development in the intestinal epithelium, reducing the harmful potential of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilio Sersun Calefi
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Augusta de Queiroz Nunes
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Garcia da Silva Fonseca
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Moreno Quinteiro-Filho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Piantino Ferreira
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Abubakar M, Manzoor S, Iqbal A. Introductory Chapter: Animal Welfare—Global Perspective. Anim Welf 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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van Staaveren N, Decina C, Baes CF, Widowski TM, Berke O, Harlander-Matauschek A. A Description of Laying Hen Husbandry and Management Practices in Canada. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8070114. [PMID: 29997334 PMCID: PMC6071255 DOI: 10.3390/ani8070114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Furnished cage and non-cage (single-tier or multi-tier) housing systems are increasingly used worldwide in efforts to improve laying hen welfare. Canadian laying hen farms are undergoing a similar transition, however, little is known about the housing and management of laying hens in these housing systems in Canada. Data collected through farmer questionnaires from 65 laying hen flocks across Canada revealed commonly used management practices in furnished cage (26), single-tier (17) and multi-tier systems (22). Non-cage systems should allow hens to perform natural behavior (e.g., foraging/dustbathing). However, a proportion of non-cage systems either did not provide litter or considered manure as a litter substrate, which could have implications for consumer perspectives on these systems. Daily flock inspections and vaccination schemes were the main practices used to maintain flock health, whereas veterinarian involvement on-farm and in the development and implementation of a flock health plan was less common. Further research is needed to make clear recommendations and to investigate how to facilitate management changes by farmers currently transitioning to furnished cage and non-cage housing systems. Abstract Canadian laying hen farms are transitioning from conventional cage housing to furnished cage and non-cage housing systems to improve laying hen welfare. However, little is known about the current housing and management systems in Canada. This study addresses this knowledge gap by describing different housing and management practices used on farms where laying hens were housed in furnished cages or non-cage housing systems. A questionnaire covering farm and housing conditions, litter management, nutrition and feeding, environmental control, flock characteristics, rearing and placement, health, egg production and performance were distributed through provincial egg boards to 122 producers across Canada. Data were collected from 65 laying hen flocks (52.5% response rate) in 26 furnished cage, 17 single-tier and 22 multi-tier systems. Flocks were on average 45.1 ± 14.59 weeks old (range: 19–69 weeks). Frequencies of different management practices were calculated according to housing system. Most flocks were reared in the same housing system as they were housed in during lay, with the exception of furnished cage layers which were reared in conventional cage systems. Results indicated that a large proportion of non-cage systems were either fully slatted or had manure as a litter substrate, which could have implications for consumer perspectives on these systems. Further research is needed to develop clear recommendations on proper litter management for farmers. In general, flock health was managed through daily inspections and vaccination schemes, whereas veterinarian involvement on-farm was less common. Vaccination, hygiene, and effective biosecurity should be maintained to ensure good health in laying hens in furnished cage and non-cage systems during the transition to these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke van Staaveren
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Caitlin Decina
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Christine F Baes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Tina M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Olaf Berke
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Measuring Public Concerns? Developing a Moral Concerns Scale Regarding Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Frediani MH, Pizzutto CS, Alves MBR, Pereira RJG. Effect of simple and low-cost enrichment items on behavioral, clinical, and productive variables of caged laying hens. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2018; 22:139-148. [PMID: 29607700 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1448984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Housing layers in battery cages is a practice still used by many countries but it has been criticized because of its influence on behavioral repertoire of birds. We investigated whether simple and affordable enrichment devices alone impact behavior, foot condition and performance of laying hens housed in conventional cages. Hens were divided into plain cages (CON), cages with perches (PER), and cages with tassels and scratch-pads (ENR), and parameters were evaluated before and after enrichment placement. After perch placement inactivity, drinking and competition for space reduced 35.6%, 40.8% and 70.3%, respectively, whereas social interaction increased 19.3%. Both modifications decreased locomotion (75.0% and 42.4% for PER and ENR respectively) and abnormal behaviors (62.5% and 43.9.4% for PER and ENR respectively). None of the performance variables were affected by ENR or PER. Thermography was more efficient than visual inspection in detecting subclinical bumblefoot, and it confirmed that PER reduced subclinical and clinical cases. Our findings indicate that perches increased welfare-related behaviors and foot health of hens, supporting the use of these inexpensive and highly adaptable alternatives for the enrichment of battery cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra H Frediani
- a Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Pizzutto
- a Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maíra B R Alves
- a Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ricardo J G Pereira
- a Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Rothrock MJ, Davis ML, Locatelli A, Bodie A, McIntosh TG, Donaldson JR, Ricke SC. Listeria Occurrence in Poultry Flocks: Detection and Potential Implications. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:125. [PMID: 29018807 PMCID: PMC5615842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Listeria are a major concern within the food industry due to their pathogenic potential to cause infection. Of these, Listeria monocytogenes, possesses a high mortality rate (approximately 20%) and is considered one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens. Although the usual reservoirs for Listeria transmission have been extensively studied, little is known about the relationship between Listeria and live poultry production. Sporadic and isolated cases of listeriosis have been attributed to poultry production and Listeria spp. have been isolated from all stages of poultry production and processing. Farm studies suggest that live birds may be an important vector and contributor to contamination of the processing environment and transmission of Listeria to consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight the occurrence, incidence, and potential systemic interactions of Listeria spp. with poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Rothrock
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Morgan L. Davis
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aude Locatelli
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Aaron Bodie
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Tori G. McIntosh
- USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janet R. Donaldson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety, Food Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Yao J, Wang X, Yan H, Cai X, Wang M, Tu Y, Yang C. Enhanced Expression of Serotonin Receptor 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C is Associated with Increased Feather Damage in Dongxiang Blue-Shelled Layers. Behav Genet 2017; 47:369-374. [PMID: 28275879 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-017-9839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the serotonin receptor 5-hydroxytraptamine 2C (HTR2C) has been implicated in behavioral phenotypes in a number of species. In previous studies, a mutation in the chicken HTR2C gene was found to be associated with feather condition, thereby suggesting a relationship between the gene and receiving feather pecking activity. The present study analyzed the chicken HTR2C gene at both the genomic make-up and expression level in Dongxiang blue-shelled layer. A significant association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13640917 (C/T) and feather condition was confirmed in the Chinese local layer. Enhanced HTR2C gene expression (151.1-fold) that was associated with high feather damage indicated that the right cerebrum might be the critical region for HTR2C to participate in the regulation of receiving feather pecking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2901 Beidi road, Minghang Qu, Shanghai, 201106, China.,National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2901 Beidi road, Minghang Qu, Shanghai, 201106, China.,National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangxiang Yan
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2901 Beidi road, Minghang Qu, Shanghai, 201106, China.,National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2901 Beidi road, Minghang Qu, Shanghai, 201106, China.,National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tu
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsuo Yang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2901 Beidi road, Minghang Qu, Shanghai, 201106, China. .,National Poultry Engineer Research Center, Shanghai, China.
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Brunberg EI, Rodenburg TB, Rydhmer L, Kjaer JB, Jensen P, Keeling LJ. Omnivores Going Astray: A Review and New Synthesis of Abnormal Behavior in Pigs and Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:57. [PMID: 27500137 PMCID: PMC4956668 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs and poultry are by far the most omnivorous of the domesticated farm animals and it is in their nature to be highly explorative. In the barren production environments, this motivation to explore can be expressed as abnormal oral manipulation directed toward pen mates. Tail biting (TB) in pigs and feather pecking (FP) in laying hens are examples of unwanted behaviors that are detrimental to the welfare of the animals. The aim of this review is to draw these two seemingly similar abnormalities together in a common framework, in order to seek underlying mechanisms and principles. Both TB and FP are affected by the physical and social environment, but not all individuals in a group express these behaviors and individual genetic and neurobiological characteristics play an important role. By synthesizing what is known about environmental and individual influences, we suggest a novel possible mechanism, common for pigs and poultry, involving the brain-gut-microbiota axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma I. Brunberg
- NORSØK – Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
- NIBIO – Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - T. Bas Rodenburg
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lotta Rydhmer
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joergen B. Kjaer
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linda J. Keeling
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Can Non-Beak Treated Hens be Kept in Commercial Furnished Cages? Exploring the Effects of Strain and Extra Environmental Enrichment on Behaviour, Feather Cover, and Mortality. Animals (Basel) 2016; 6:ani6030017. [PMID: 26927190 PMCID: PMC4810045 DOI: 10.3390/ani6030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial laying hens are prone to injurious pecking (IP), a common multifactorial problem. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design assessed the effects of breed (Lohmann Brown Classic (L) or Hyline Brown (H)), beak treatment (infra-red treated (T) or not (NT)), and environment (extra enrichment (EE) or no extra enrichment (NE)) on mortality, behaviour, feather cover, and beak shape. Hens were allocated to treatments at 16 weeks of age and data were collected every four weeks from age 19 to 71 weeks. Data were analysed in Genstat using mixed models. L hens had higher all and IP-related mortality than H hens (p < 0.003), whilst NT hens had higher mortality than T hens but only due to culling of whole cages (p < 0.001). Feather cover for L hens deteriorated more quickly with age at most body sites than H hens (age × breed × body site p < 0.001). For NT hens, feather cover was worse at most body sites (beak treatment × body site p < 0.001), and worsened more quickly with age (age × beak treatment p = 0.014) than T hens. L and NE hens performed more bird-to-bird pecking than H and EE hens, respectively (breed p = 0.015, enrichment p = 0.032). More damage to mats and ropes was caused by L and NT hens than by H and T hens, respectively (age × breed p < 0.005, beak treatment p < 0.001). Though H hens had fewer mortalities and better feather cover, breed effects may have been influenced by farm management practices, as they may have been better suited to H than L hens. Though EE hens performed less bird-to-bird pecking, the enrichments were less effective at reducing feather cover damage and mortality than expected.
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Tuyttens F, Federici J, Vanderhasselt R, Goethals K, Duchateau L, Sans E, Molento C. Assessment of welfare of Brazilian and Belgian broiler flocks using the Welfare Quality protocol. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1758-66. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hartcher KM, Tran KTN, Wilkinson SJ, Hemsworth PH, Thomson PC, Cronin GM. The effects of environmental enrichment and beak-trimming during the rearing period on subsequent feather damage due to feather-pecking in laying hens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:852-9. [PMID: 25717088 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment investigated effects of environmental enrichment and beak-trimming during the rearing period on behavior in rearing and plumage damage later in life. Treatments were applied in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Half of the birds were beak-trimmed at 1 d of age using an infra-red laser. A follow-up light-trim was performed at 11 wk of age with a hot blade. Environmental enrichment consisted of pecking strings, whole oats in the litter, and greater litter depth. Sixteen pens of 50 ISA Brown laying hens were used. Four pullets were selected from each pen as focal birds and observed in their home pens between 3 and 14 wk of age. Plumage damage was scored at the end of the experiment in wk 43. Beak-trimmed birds performed less ground-pecking (P = 0.003), less severe feather-pecking (P = 0.021) and more gentle feather-pecking (P = 0.018) than their non-trimmed counterparts during the rearing period. These birds also exhibited less feather damage in wk 43 (P < 0.001). The results indicate that gentle feather-pecking during rearing is not related to plumage damage when older. Additionally, higher rates of ground-pecking and severe feather-pecking during rearing may be predictive of plumage damage later in life. There was no effect of enrichment on plumage damage. It was concluded that while there was no effect on enrichment, beak-trimming appeared to be effective in reducing plumage damage in wk 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hartcher
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia Poultry CRC, PO Box U242, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - K T N Tran
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - S J Wilkinson
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - P H Hemsworth
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - P C Thomson
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
| | - G M Cronin
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW 2570, Australia
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Zaheer K. An Updated Review on Chicken Eggs: Production, Consumption, Management Aspects and Nutritional Benefits to Human Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.613127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alm M, Holm L, Tauson R, Wall H. Corticosterone metabolites in laying hen droppings-Effects of fiber enrichment, genotype, and daily variations. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2615-21. [PMID: 25125557 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest and concern for animal welfare in commercial poultry production. To evaluate stress and welfare in an objective and noninvasive way, fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) in droppings can be analyzed. However, the influence of diet, genotype, and daily variations in FCM and production of droppings in laying hens has been poorly investigated. This study examined the effect of insoluble fiber by adding 3% ground straw pellets to the feed to Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) hens housed in furnished cages between 20 and 40 wk of age. In total, 960 hens were included in the study. Droppings were collected 4 times per day for 3 consecutive days and analyzed by corticosterone immunoassay. Biological validation confirmed the ability of the assay to detect changes in FCM levels. Inclusion of straw pellets in the feed increased FCM concentration in both hen genotypes and increased excretion rate of FCM in LB hens. The LB hens also produced greater amounts of droppings than LSL hens. Both FCM levels and production of droppings varied during the day, although no distinct diurnal rhythm was found. These findings demonstrate that when using FCM to evaluate stress and welfare in laying hens, many factors (e.g., diet, genotype used, and so on) need to be taken into account to allow accurate interpretation of the results. In addition, under certain conditions, excretion rate of FCM might be more appropriate to use compared with FCM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alm
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Holm
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Tauson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Wall
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yan FF, Hester PY, Cheng HW. The effect of perch access during pullet rearing and egg laying on physiological measures of stress in White Leghorns at 71 weeks of age. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1318-26. [PMID: 24879681 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg laying strains of chickens have a strong motivation to perch. Providing caged chickens with perches allows them to perform their natural perching behavior and also improves their musculoskeletal health due to exercise. Little is known about the effect of perch access for hens on physiological measures of stress. Our hypothesis was that denying chickens access to perches would elicit a stress response. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of perch access during all or part of life cycle on physiological homeostasis in caged 71-wk-old White Leghorn hens. A total of 1,064 chicks were assigned randomly to cages with and without perches (n = 14 pullet cages/perch treatment) on day of hatch. As pullets aged, chicks were removed from cages to provide more space. At 17 wk of age, 324 chickens in total were assigned to laying cages consisting of 4 treatments with 9 replicates per treatment. Treatment 1 chickens never had access to perches during their life cycle. Treatment 2 chickens had access to perches only from 17 to 71 wk of age (laying phase). Treatment 3 chickens had access to perches only from hatch to 16.9 wk of age (pullet phase). Treatment 4 chickens always had access to perches during their life cycle. At 71 wk of age, chickens were sampled for measurement of plasma catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) and corticosterone; blood serotonin and Trp; fluctuating asymmetry of shank length and width; and adrenal weight. Only shank width differed among treatments. Chickens with previous exposure to perches during the pullet phase had wider shanks than chickens without access to perches (P = 0.006), suggesting that early perching promoted skeletal development. These results suggest that a stress response was not elicited in 71-wk-old White Leghorn hens that always had access to perches compared with hens that never had access to perches during all or part of their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - P Y Hester
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - H W Cheng
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Brinker T, Bijma P, Visscher J, Rodenburg TB, Ellen ED. Plumage condition in laying hens: genetic parameters for direct and indirect effects in two purebred layer lines. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:33. [PMID: 24885199 PMCID: PMC4073196 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-46-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feather pecking is a major welfare issue in laying hen industry that leads to mortality. Due to a ban on conventional cages in the EU and on beak trimming in some countries of the EU, feather pecking will become an even bigger problem. Its severity depends both on the victim receiving pecking and on its group mates inflicting pecking (indirect effects), which together determine plumage condition of the victim. Plumage condition may depend, therefore, on both the direct genetic effect of an individual itself and on the indirect genetic effects of its group mates. Here, we present estimated genetic parameters for direct and indirect effects on plumage condition of different body regions in two purebred layer lines, and estimates of genetic correlations between body regions. METHODS Feather condition scores (FCS) were recorded at 40 weeks of age for neck, back, rump and belly and these four scores were added-up into a total FCS. A classical animal model and a direct-indirect effects model were used to estimate genetic parameters for FCS. In addition, a bivariate model with mortality (0/1) was used to account for mortality before recording FCS. Due to mortality during the first 23 weeks of laying, 5363 (for W1) and 5089 (for WB) FCS records were available. RESULTS Total heritable variance for FCS ranged from 1.5% to 9.8% and from 9.8% to 53.6% when estimated respectively with the classical animal and the direct-indirect effects model. The direct-indirect effects model had a significantly higher likelihood. In both lines, 70% to 94% of the estimated total heritable variation in FCS was due to indirect effects. Using bivariate analysis of FCS and mortality did not affect estimates of genetic parameters. Genetic correlations were high between adjacent regions for FCS on neck, back, and rump but moderate to low for belly with other regions. CONCLUSION Our results show that 70% to 94% of the heritable variation in FCS relates to indirect effects, indicating that methods of genetic selection that include indirect genetic effects offer perspectives to improve plumage condition in laying hens. This, in turn could reduce a major welfare problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Brinker
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piter Bijma
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Visscher
- Institut de Sélection Animale B.V., Hendrix Genetics Company, P.O. Box 114, 5830 AC, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - T Bas Rodenburg
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Ellen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Jiang S, Hester PY, Hu JY, Yan FF, Dennis RL, Cheng HW. Effect of perches on liver health of hens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1618-22. [PMID: 24812236 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is a common energy metabolic disorder in caged laying hens. Considering that the egg industry is shifting from conventional cages to alternative housing systems such as enriched cages, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of perches on fat deposition and liver health in laying hens. Three hundred twenty-four 17-wk-old White Leghorn hens were housed in 1 of 4 treatments with 9 hens per cage. Treatment 1 hens never had access to perches during their life cycle. Treatment 2 hens had access to perches during the pullet phase only. Treatment 3 hens had access to perches during the laying phase only. Treatment 4 hens always had access to perches. Liver weight, abdominal fat pad weight, BW, liver fat, and circulating alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and adiponectin were determined. Provision of perches during either the rearing or laying phase did not affect liver health in 71-wk-old hens. However, perch access compared with no perch access during the egg laying phase reduced relative fat pad weight. These results suggest that providing perches as a means of stimulating activity reduced abdominal fat deposition in caged hens during the laying period. However, perch access in caged hens was ineffective in reducing fat deposition in the liver and altering enzyme activities related to improved liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China 400715
| | - P Y Hester
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - J Y Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - F F Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - R L Dennis
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - H W Cheng
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Gocsik E, Lansink AGJMO, Saatkamp HW. Mid-term financial impact of animal welfare improvements in Dutch broiler production. Poult Sci 2014; 92:3314-29. [PMID: 24235244 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used a stochastic bioeconomic simulation model to simulate the business and financial risk of different broiler production systems over a 5-yr period. Simulation analysis was conducted using the @Risk add-in in MS Excel. To compare the impact of different production systems on economic feasibility, 2 cases were considered. The first case focused on the economic feasibility of a completely new system, whereas the second examined economic feasibilities when a farm switches from a conventional to an animal welfare-improving production system. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the key drivers of economic feasibility and to reveal systematic differences across production systems. The study shows that economic feasibility of systems with improved animal welfare predominantly depends on the price that farmers receive. Moreover, the study demonstrates the importance of the level and variation of the price premium for improved welfare, particularly in the first 5 yr after conversion. The economic feasibility of the production system increases with the level of welfare improvements for a sufficiently high price level for broiler meat and low volatility in producer prices. If this is not the case, however, risk attitudes of farmers become important as well as the use of potential risk management instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gocsik
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Koknaroglu H, Akunal T. Animal welfare: an animal science approach. Meat Sci 2013; 95:821-7. [PMID: 23664009 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing world population and demand for animal-derived protein puts pressure on animal production to meet this demand. For this purpose animal breeding efforts were conducted to obtain the maximum yield that the genetic makeup of the animals permits. Under the influence of economics which is the driving force behind animal production, animal farming became more concentrated and controlled which resulted in rearing animals under confinement. Since more attention was given on economics and yield per animal, animal welfare and behavior were neglected. Animal welfare which can be defined as providing environmental conditions in which animals can display all their natural behaviors in nature started gaining importance in recent years. This does not necessarily mean that animals provided with good management practices would have better welfare conditions as some animals may be distressed even though they are in good environmental conditions. Consumers are willing to pay more for welfare-friendly products (e.g.: free range vs caged egg) and this will change the animal production practices in the future. Thus animal scientists will have to adapt themselves for the changing animal welfare rules and regulations that differ for farm animal species and countries. In this review paper, animal welfare is discussed from an animal science standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koknaroglu
- Department of Animal Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Socio-economic implications of adopting the EU laying hen welfare regulation in Serbia. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933912000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Silva RBTR, Nääs IA, Broom DM, O'Driscoll K. Poultry welfare scenario in South America: norms and regulations. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2011000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RBTR Silva
- College of Agric. Eng., Brazil; University of Cambridge
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Nordquist RE, Heerkens JL, Rodenburg TB, Boks S, Ellen ED, van der Staay FJ. Laying hens selected for low mortality: Behaviour in tests of fearfulness, anxiety and cognition. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, Sepúlveda WS, Villarroel M, María GA. Livestock Vehicle Accidents in Spain: Causes, Consequences, and Effects on Animal Welfare. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2011; 14:109-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2011.551622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scientific Opinion on welfare aspects of the management and housing of the grand-parent and parent stocks raised and kept for breeding purposes. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Wang X, Zheng J, Ning Z, Qu L, Xu G, Yang N. Laying performance and egg quality of blue-shelled layers as affected by different housing systems. Poult Sci 2009; 88:1485-92. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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