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Zurak D, Svečnjak Z, Gunjević V, Kiš G, Janječić Z, Pirgozliev V, Grbeša D, Kljak K. Carotenoid content and deposition efficiency in yolks of laying hens fed with dent corn hybrids differing in grain hardness and processing. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103750. [PMID: 38652952 PMCID: PMC11063521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yolk carotenoid profile reflects the hen diet when corn grain is the only source of carotenoids, but corn origin and processing may affect carotenoid utilization. In the present study, 2 commercial dent corn hybrids differing in grain hardness (soft- and hard-type) were dried at low (40°C) and high (85°C) temperature and ground through a 5- and 9-mm sieve to investigate their effects on carotenoid bioavailability in laying hens. With 3 hens per cage, 168 Lohmann Brown laying hens were allocated to 8 dietary treatments (2 hybrids × 2 drying temperatures × 2 grinding sieves) in a completely randomized design (8 treatments × 7 cages). The trial lasted 8 wk, during which eggs were collected for analysis every 3 d until carotenoid content stabilized, and then once a week until the end of the experiment. The carotenoid profile of the experimental diets and yolks was analyzed using an HPLC method and deposition efficiency was calculated based on carotenoid contents, yolk weight, egg production and diet intake. The deposition efficiency for lutein, zeaxanthin, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene averaged 27.37, 18.67, 6.29, 3,32, and 0.94%, respectively. As expected, the tested hybrids highly affected the carotenoid content in egg yolk due to their differences in carotenoid profile. Interestingly, hard- and soft-type hybrids differed in the deposition efficiency for all individual carotenoids but not for the total carotenoids. High grain drying temperature tended to increase the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin in both hybrids. For the hard-type hybrid, the content of β-carotene in egg yolk was higher when grains were dried at a high temperature, while the opposite response was found in the soft-type hybrid. The effect of grinding sieve size was important for the zeaxanthin bioavailability in the soft-type hybrid only. In conclusion, our findings showed that corn hybrid had a primary influence on the carotenoid content in the yolks of laying hens, but grain processing may change the bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zurak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Kiš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Janječić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vasil Pirgozliev
- National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Darko Grbeša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kljak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Zurak D, Gunjević V, Grbeša D, Svečnjak Z, Kralik Z, Košević M, Džidić A, Pirgozliev V, Kljak K. Kernel properties related to carotenoid release during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in commercial dent maize hybrids. Food Chem 2024; 435:137535. [PMID: 37742464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of study was to investigate the relationships between maize kernel properties and carotenoid release during simulated gastrointestinal digestion of 103 hybrids of dent type. Commercial maize hybrids significantly differed in kernel hardness, chemical composition and carotenoid profile. Across all hybrids, the amount of digestible individual carotenoids increased as follows: β-carotene < α-cryptoxanthin < β-cryptoxanthin < lutein < zeaxanthin. The amount of digested carotenoids correlated negatively with amylose content and amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, while it correlated positively with the content of neutral detergent fibres and amylopectin as well as the Stenvert index. However, the content of endosperm lipids could not be related to carotenoid digestibility. Findings clearly indicate that the carotenoid release from the kernel during digestion is related to specific physical and chemical properties, leading to a better understanding of the effects of kernel matrix structure on carotenoid digestibility in dent-type maize hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zurak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veronika Gunjević
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Grbeša
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Manuela Košević
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Alen Džidić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vasil Pirgozliev
- Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Kristina Kljak
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Pavlak MS, Kaufmann C, Eyng C, Carvalho PL, Pozza PC, Vieites FM, Rohloff Junior N, Avila AS, Polese C, Nunes RV. Zeolite and corn with different compositions in broiler chickens feeding. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102494. [PMID: 36745958 PMCID: PMC9932562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of zeolite against different types of corn in broiler chickens' diets. 1,200 male broiler chickens were assigned to 6 diets in a completely randomized design and a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of 2 types of corn (higher or lower mycotoxin contamination) and the inclusion of zeolite (0; 5,000 and 10,000 g ton-1). In the period from d 1 to 21, there was an interaction (P = 0.0040) between types of corn and the inclusion of zeolite for feed conversion ratio (FCR). In the phase from 1 to 42 d, there was an interaction (P = 0.0322) on the serum levels of creatinine (CREA) and digestible gross energy (dGE); corn with lower mycotoxin level contamination (LMLC), caused a reduction in body weight gain (BWG) (P = 0.0046) and increase in the relative weight of abdominal fat (P = 0.0256). Inclusion rates of zeolite promoted an increase in the digestible CP (P = 0.0477) and digestible ash (P < 0.0001), as well as an increase (P < 0.0001) in hot carcass yield (P = 0.0433). The results indicate that the inclusion of zeolite, in the amounts used, did not alter the performance, serum levels, intestinal development and litter quality of the birds at 42 d of age. However, it was responsible for the improvement in the percentage of digestible nutrients (CP, GE, and MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira S.D. Pavlak
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cristine Kaufmann
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo L.O. Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Pozza
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio M. Vieites
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Nilton Rohloff Junior
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - André S. Avila
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazon, PA, 66.077-830, Brazil
| | - Clauber Polese
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V. Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, 85960-000, Brazil,Corresponding author:
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Wang J, Tang J, Ruan S, Lv R, Zhou J, Tian J, Cheng H, Xu E, Liu D. A comprehensive review of cereal germ and its lipids: Chemical composition, multi-objective process and functional application. Food Chem 2021; 362:130066. [PMID: 34098434 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cereal germ (CG), a by-product of grain milling, has drawn much attention in the food industry because of its nutritional and functional advantages. Nowadays, the utilization of cereal germ from animal feeds to foodstuff is a popular trend. CGs have high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their lipids (43.9-64.9% of total fatty acids), but they are also induced to oxidative rancidity under the catalytic reaction of enzymes. Chemical and structural properties of lipids in CGs are affected by different treatments. Thermal and non-thermal effects prevent lipid oxidation or promote lipid combination with starch/protein in CG. Thus, the functional properties and final quality of CG are directly changed. In this review, the chemical composition and application of CGs especially the endogenous lipids are summarized and the effects of various processes on CG lipids/matrices are discussed for CG future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Junyu Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Ningbotech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shaolong Ruan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Ningbotech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ruiling Lv
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Ningbotech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Ningbotech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Enbo Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Food Processing Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Zhejiang Food Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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5
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Melo-Durán D, Perez JF, González-Ortiz G, Villagómez-Estrada S, Bedford MR, Graham H, Sola-Oriol D. Growth performance and total tract digestibility in broiler chickens fed different corn hybrids. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101218. [PMID: 34198097 PMCID: PMC8255229 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the variability in nutrient digestibility associated with corn genetic background and its influence on the feeding value for broiler chickens. A total of 960 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed in eight treatments, with 12 pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen in a 42-day study. Eight corn samples (Variety 1 to Variety 8) were selected based on their nutrient composition. A fixed amount of each corn (577 g/kg in the starter diets and 662 g/kg in the finisher diets) was used to formulate feeds. Diets were offered ad libitum in pellet form. Performance parameters were determined at d 21 and d 42, and excreta samples collected at d 21 to determine energy, organic matter and dry matter (DM) whole-tract digestibility. The results revealed a decrease (P < 0.05) in body weight (BW) and feed intake in birds fed variety 8 compared to other varieties at d 21. The lowest whole tract DM and energy apparent digestibility were also observed for the variety 8 diet (P < 0.05), together with varieties 3 and 5. Energy digestibility was higher in varieties 2, 4 and 7 (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that corn protein concentration was positively correlated with vitreousness (r = 0.60, P = 0.054) and the arabinose:xylose ratio (r = 0.67, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with starch (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). Soluble non-starch polysaccharide content was negatively correlated with the protein solubility index (r = -0.88, P < 0.05). In addition, corn protein concentration was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with 21-d BW (r = -0.71) and weight gain (r = -0.62). In conclusion, the corn genetic background influenced the nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens. The content and nature of the non-starch polysaccharides were found to be two of the main factors affecting the solubility and availability of nutrients in corn, and could be the reason for the negative effects on the performance of broiler chickens as shown in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Melo-Durán
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - J F Perez
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - S Villagómez-Estrada
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - H Graham
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - D Sola-Oriol
- Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08193, Spain.
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Melo-Durán D, Pérez JF, González-Ortiz G, Villagómez-Estrada S, Bedford MR, Graham H, Sola-Oriol D. Maize nutrient composition and the influence of xylanase addition. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huart F, Malumba P, Béra F, Beckers Y. The drying temperature and the moisture content at harvest affect the apparent metabolisable energy of two maize varieties in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:684-694. [PMID: 32567344 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1784847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The grain drying process may affect the feeding value of maize but until now, no general consensus has been reached. This knowledge is essential to manage maize nutritional value in feed and ensure optimal growth performance of broiler chickens. 2. A total of 72 male Ross 308 were used in a complete randomised block design to assess the effect of initial moisture content (MC) at harvest (high or low MC after the appearance of the black layer) and drying temperature (54°C, 90°C or 125°C) on the apparent faecal digestibility and the AMEn value of two maize grain types (flint and flint-dent varieties). Moreover, the relationship between in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficient (IVDMD) and salt-soluble protein (SSP) content of dried maize grain with AMEn was assessed. 3. High drying temperature (125°C) significantly decreased the AMEn (by 0.41 MJ/kg) of the maize. Maize with high-moisture content at harvest had significantly higher AMEn than maize with low moisture content (0.38 MJ/kg) depending on the variety. Based on the combination of MC at harvest and drying temperature, an AMEn difference of about 0.65 MJ per kg of dry matter was measured during this experiment. The faecal digestibility of starch remained close to 98% with low variation between the treatments. The decrease in AMEn at high drying temperature was related to the decrease in non-starch organic matter retention (NSOMR). IVDMD and SSP content were not correlated with AMEn of dried maize (R2 < 0.1). 4. This study showed that using drying temperature below 90°C for maize grain harvested at high MC, just after the black layer development, can enhance its AMEn. The IVDMD and SSP content failed to predict the AMEn of the dried maize, but further research is required to validate the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Huart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Food Engineering Laboratory, University of Liege , Gembloux, Belgium.,Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition, University of Liege , Gembloux, Belgium
| | - P Malumba
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Care FoodIsLife, Terra Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège , Gembloux, Belgium
| | - F Béra
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Food Engineering Laboratory, University of Liege , Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Y Beckers
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Precision Livestock and Nutrition, University of Liege , Gembloux, Belgium
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Lyu Z, Li Q, Zhang S, Lai C, Huang C. Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2952-2964. [PMID: 31074782 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in corn fed to growing pigs. All corn was yellow dent corn collected from different areas in China. In Exp. 1, 60 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 40.7 ± 3.5 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 10 diets to determine the DE and ME of corns. Diets were formulated to contain 96.8% of 1 of the 10 corn samples and 3.2% of other microingredients. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 30.5 ± 2.3 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. Diets included a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 test diets formulated with 96.6% 1 of the 10 corns as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was added to each diet as an indigestible marker for calculating the AA digestibility. On a DM basis, the starch, ether extract (EE), CP, NDF, and ADF contents of corns averaged 74.05% (69.98 to 78.59%), 3.83% (2.04 to 4.73%), 9.63% (7.74 to 10.43%), 10.80% (10.27 to 11.46%), and 2.27% (2.03 to 2.57%), respectively. The CV of EE, CP, and ADF was 22.59, 8.22, and 8.21%, respectively. The DE and ME of corns averaged 4,087 and 3,981 kcal/kg, respectively, and ranged from 3,999 to 4,161 kcal/kg and from 3,898 to 4,067 kcal/kg, respectively. The DE and ME values were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the EE content. Optimal prediction equations of ME were ME = 940.35 + (0.72 × DE) + (21.88 × EE) (R2 = 0.94) or ME = 1,051.50 + (0.82 × DE) - (282.05 × ash) (R2 = 0.99). In Exp. 2, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the SID of Arg, His, Phe, Ala, Pro, Cys, and Tyr. The SID of Lys (average 73.79%), Met (average 87.32%), and Thr (average 80.06%) ranged from 61.45 to 78.47%, from 74.09 to 90.91%, and from 79.19 to 85.79%, respectively. The standardized ileal digestible Met was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the Met and CP contents. The obtained prediction equations were standardized ileal digestible Met = 31.34 + (3.43 × CP) + (116.04 × Met) and standardized ileal digestible Met = 104.92 + (294.71 × Met) - (7.03 × NDF). In conclusion, sources had an effect on the energy values and ileal digestibility of most AA in corn. The ME can be predicted by the DE combined with either the EE or ash content. The AA concentrations and SID of AA in corn varied largely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Changhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Siegert W, Ganzer C, Kluth H, Rodehutscord M. Effect of particle size distribution of maize and soybean meal on the precaecal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:68-75. [PMID: 28905633 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1380295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Herein, it was investigated whether different particle size distributions of feed ingredients achieved by grinding through a 2- or 3-mm grid would have an effect on precaecal (pc) amino acid (AA) digestibility. Maize and soybean meal were used as the test ingredients. 2. Maize and soybean meal was ground with grid sizes of 2 or 3 mm. Nine diets were prepared. The basal diet contained 500 g/kg of maize starch. The other experimental diets contained maize or soybean meal samples at concentrations of 250 and 500, and 150 and 300 g/kg, respectively, instead of maize starch. Each diet was tested using 6 replicate groups of 10 birds each. The regression approach was applied to calculate the pc AA digestibility of the test ingredients. 3. The reduction of the grid size from 3 to 2 mm reduced the average particle size of both maize and soybean meal, mainly by reducing the proportion of coarse particles. Reducing the grid size significantly (P < 0.050) increased the pc digestibility of all AA in the soybean meal. In maize, reducing the grid size decreased the pc digestibility of all AA numerically, but not significantly (P > 0.050). The mean numerical differences in pc AA digestibility between the grid sizes were 0.045 and 0.055 in maize and soybean meal, respectively. 4. Future studies investigating the pc AA digestibility should specify the particle size distribution and should investigate the test ingredients ground similarly for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Siegert
- a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - C Ganzer
- b Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - H Kluth
- b Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - M Rodehutscord
- a Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften , Universität Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
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Odjo S, Béra F, Beckers Y, Foucart G, Malumba P. Influence of variety, harvesting date and drying temperature on the composition and the in vitro digestibility of corn grain. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Zuber T, Rodehutscord M. Variability in amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of corn studied in cecectomized laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1696-1706. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zhao JP, Cui DP, Zhang ZY, Jiao HC, Song ZG, Lin H. Live performance, carcass characteristic and blood metabolite responses of broilers to two distinct corn types with different extent of grinding. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:378-388. [PMID: 27080870 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The major objective of this research was to establish the main and interactive effects of corn type and extent of grinding on broiler performance including carcass characteristics. A completely randomized experimental design with a 2 (corn type) × 2 (fine and coarse) factorial arrangement, each with six replicates of 45 male Ross chicks, was applied. Experimental diets, containing dent or hard corn, were formulated with two extents of grinding (3.00 or 6.00 mm screens) for three growing phases. In comparison with dent corn, the hard corn increased body weight (BW) gain and thigh muscle yield (p < 0.05), while decreasing feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) and abdominal fat deposition (p < 0.05), some aspects of which were age-dependent and appeared to vary with extent of grinding. Coarser grinding increased the weight of proventriculus (p < 0.01), gizzard (p < 0.05) and small + large intestine (p < 0.10) relative to BW, particularly towards market size. These results suggest that feeding hard corn or large-particle-size corn have some favourable effects on growth performance or gastrointestinal development for finishing broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Zhao
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - D P Cui
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,New Hope Liuhe Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - H C Jiao
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Z G Song
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - H Lin
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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14
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Tang D, Hao S, Liu G, Nian F, Ru Y. Effects of maize source and complex enzymes on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1755-62. [PMID: 25358370 PMCID: PMC4213688 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maize source and complex enzymes containing amylase, xylanase and protease on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers. The experiment was a 4×3 factorial design with diets containing four source maize samples (M1, M2, M3, and M4) and without or with two kinds of complex enzyme A (Axtra XAP) and B (Avizyme 1502). Nine hundred and sixty day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in the trial (12 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 10 chicks). Birds fed M1 diet had better body weight gain (BWG) and lower feed/gain ratio compared with those fed M3 diet and M4 diet (p<0.05). Apparent ileal crude protein digestibility coefficient of M2 was higher than that of M3 (p<0.05). Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn) of M1 were significant higher than those of M4 (p<0.05). Supplementation of the basal diets with enzyme A or B improved the BWG by 8.6% (p<0.05) and 4.1% (p>0.05), respectively. The fresh feces output was significantly decreased by the addition of enzyme B (p<0.05). Maize source affects the nutrients digestibility and performance of broilers, and a combination of amylase, xylanase and protease is effective in improving the growth profiles of broilers fed maize-soybean-rapeseed-cotton mixed diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Tang
- Gansu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shengyan Hao
- Gansu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang Nian
- Gansu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingjun Ru
- Gansu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
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15
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Malumba P, Odjo S, Boudry C, Danthine S, Bindelle J, Beckers Y, Béra F. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro assessment of the nutritive value of starch yield from corn dried at different temperatures. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Malumba
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
- Department of Chemistry and Agricultural Industry; University of Kinshasa; Kinshasa
| | - Sylvanus Odjo
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Christelle Boudry
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Animal Science Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Food Science and Formulation Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Animal Science Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Yves Beckers
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Animal Science Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - François Béra
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
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