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Crossman S, Drummond M, Elliott S, Kay J, Montero A, Petersen JM. Facilitators and constraints to adult sports participation: A systematic review. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 72:102609. [PMID: 38360078 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-documented health, social and economic benefits of sports participation, adults' participation in organised sport declines as age increases. To date, no review has summarised the multi-level factors that influence adults' decisions to participate in sport. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to: 1) determine the facilitators, constraints and negotiated constraints to adults' (25-64 years) sport participation, and 2) summarise these factors according to the multiple levels of the social-ecological model. A total of 91 articles were identified following an extensive literature search conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were published over four decades (1983-2023), predominantly located in North America (n = 45; 49.5%), ranged from 5 to 10,646 participants, examined mainly middle-aged adults (Mrange = 35-44 years; n = 52; 48.6%), included more males (61.6%) than females (38.1%), and were conducted in primarily single sport contexts (n = 63; 69.2%). Overall, more unique facilitators (55 items) were identified than constraints (35 items) and negotiated constraints (13 items). The desire for improved health and enjoyment were the most frequently reported facilitators, and the main constraints were injury or illness and family commitments. Constraint negotiation strategies largely included individual (e.g., implementing financial strategies) and interpersonal factors (e.g., encouraging others to participate). This review highlighted the expansive multi-level factors that influence adults' sports participation, reiterated the complexity of developing appropriate sport offerings, and identified a lack of studies examining non-sport participants. Strategies to support adult sport participation should focus on enjoyment, consider co-designed sport modifications to alleviate perceived constraints and integrate behaviour change theory to foster positive sport participation habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Crossman
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.
| | - Murray Drummond
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Sam Elliott
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - James Kay
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Ashley Montero
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jasmine M Petersen
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
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Ciaccioni S, Guidotti F, Palumbo F, Forte R, Galea E, Sacripanti A, Lampe N, Lampe Š, Jelušić T, Bradić S, Lascau ML, Rodica-Borza A, Camacho Pérez R, Diéguez Rodríguez-Montero F, Kapan M, Gezeker K, Capranica L, Tessitore A. Judo for older adults: the coaches' knowledge and needs of education. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1375814. [PMID: 38628574 PMCID: PMC11018922 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1375814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the views of judo coaches on their perceived knowledge (PK) and needs for education (NE) for training older practitioners. In total, 470 international (Europe = 48%, Americas = 22%, Africa = 23%, Asia = 5% and Oceania = 2%) judo coaches (IJF: level 1 = 55,3%, level 2 = 33%; judo black belt: 3,4 ± 1,7 dan; F = 15%; university education: 68% >BA) responded an online survey encompassing demographic information and 35 items relevant to training older adults (Aging process; Safety and First Aid; Organization & Environment; Physiology and Fitness; Psychology & Mental Health; Teaching & Training) to be rated on a 7-point Likert scale for PK and NE. Non parametric statistics (p > 0.05) was applied to ascertain differences and relationships between PK and NE, respectively. A bivariate go-zone plot was used to highlight items with the lowest PK and the highest NE mean values. The coaches reported high PK (4.5 ± 0.3 pt) and NE (4.7 ± 0.1 pt) values, with significant higher PK values emerging for high education levels and judo experience. In considering their unique needs and special role, the judo coaches presented valuable insights to develop a sustainable educational curriculum tailored to train older judo practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciaccioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Guidotti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Palumbo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Forte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Envic Galea
- International Judo Federation Academy Foundation, Pembroke, Malta
| | | | | | | | - Toma Jelušić
- Zajednica Sportskih Udruga Grada Rijeke “Riječki Sportski Savez”, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Slaviŝa Bradić
- Zajednica Sportskih Udruga Grada Rijeke “Riječki Sportski Savez”, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mesut Kapan
- Izmir Alsancak Gymnastics Specialized Sports Club, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kaya Gezeker
- Izmir Alsancak Gymnastics Specialized Sports Club, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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Colón-Ramirez WI, Román-Oyola RL, Segarra-Vazquez B, Mercado-Rolón KJ, Dávila Collazo E, Camacho-Martínez AJ, Vélez-Jiménez LM. Significance of an Interprofessional Healthy Aging Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Narrative Study. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241228187. [PMID: 38323344 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241228187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Participation is widely recognized as an important health determinant for older adults. Exploring interventions to promote active participation of community-dwelling older adults is an important step in translating current knowledge into practice. Few studies have examined community-level interventions to support older adults' participation. The study purpose was to examine the significance of the lived experiences of community-dwelling older adults who participated in an interprofessional healthy aging promotion program. The specific aims were to uncover the narrative significance of the lived experiences and how they evolved and intertwined with the life histories of the older adults 2 years after the intervention ended. A narrative inquiry design was used. Four key informants participated in two semi-structured interviews and a member-checking process. The data were analyzed from a three-dimensional inquiry space of time and continuity, place and context, and social interactions. The findings affirmed three core threads that wove the participants' lived experiences within the program together with their life histories after the intervention. These were enjoyment, learning, and sharing. Four themes revealed the essential elements of the lived experience, and three others exposed participants' growth and life enrichment, all being fundamental to participation. The 3-year community-level intervention was valued and a novel opportunity for facilitating participation and successful aging. It allowed the participants to acquire an evolved vision of self, have meaningful interactions, develop the means to engage in future community activities, implement new self-care strategies, and establish memories and friendships significant for life participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda I Colón-Ramirez
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Rosa L Román-Oyola
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Bárbara Segarra-Vazquez
- Clinical Laboratory Science Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Karla J Mercado-Rolón
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Emanuel Dávila Collazo
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Alma J Camacho-Martínez
- Cytotechnology Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Lypzia M Vélez-Jiménez
- Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
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Uzzell KS, Knight CJ, Pankow K, Hill DM. Wellbeing in high-performance swimming: A grounded theory study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102557. [PMID: 37944742 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The demands of elite sport have the potential to negatively impact on athletes' wellbeing (e.g., Arnold & Fletcher, 2012; Rice et al., 2016). Despite this, not all elite athletes experience detrimental effects, rather some individuals thrive in an elite sports environment. The reasons why some athletes experience positive wellbeing while others struggle remains unclear although, in part, due to methodological limitations of previous research. To overcome these limitations, the purpose of the current study was to examine how change in high-performance swimmers' wellbeing occurs. Grounded theory methodology was used to enable examination of processes of change. Semi-structured interviews with 22 current and five retired swimmers, eight coaches, and seven support staff were used to generate data alongside observations and field notes. The resultant theory illustrated how a dominant performance narrative influenced the development and maintenance of an exclusive swimmer identity that was tied to performance. Specifically, transitions were highlighted as critical points where wellbeing was likely to be affected, due to the increased potential for change and uncertainty to impact on performance and subsequently identity. However, the use of proactive coping strategies, such as anticipating and planning, as well as accessing and utilising appropriate support were shown to help minimise the impact on wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Uzzell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Camilla J Knight
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK; Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Norway.
| | - Kurtis Pankow
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Denise M Hill
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK
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Bradford C, Martin D, J Loughran K, Robertson N, Carne A, Skidmore N, L Harrison S. The impact of sport on the physical, psychological and social wellbeing of people with chronic breathlessness: A mixed-methods systematic review. Clin Rehabil 2023; 37:1611-1636. [PMID: 37518887 PMCID: PMC10580676 DOI: 10.1177/02692155231190770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sport participation may have quality-of-life benefits for people with chronic breathlessness; however, its feasibility and impact on health are unknown. We aimed to synthesise the scientific literature concerning the impact of sport for people with chronic breathlessness. DATA SOURCES Searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar were conducted (May 2023). REVIEW METHODS Studies were included if they assessed the impact of sport with participants who were likely to suffer from chronic breathlessness due to an underlying condition (e.g. severe asthma, heart failure). A convergent-segregated approach to synthesis in accordance with the JBI methodology for mixed-methods reviews was utilised, including meta-analytic and meta-aggregation analyses. RESULTS A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies sampled 1017 participants from 13 different countries, with sample sizes ranging from 5 to 185. Causes of breathlessness consisted of chronic respiratory diseases (9 studies) and coronary heart disease (13 studies). Design-wise, 18 reported quantitative methods, 3 qualitative, and 1 mixed-methods. CONCLUSIONS Sports were well-adhered to with only minor/unrelated adverse events reported. Improvements in exercise capacity were observed although there was no impact on health-related quality of life. Other quantitative outcomes extracted varied widely across studies, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Participation in sports was reliably recorded at intensity consistent with moderate-to-vigorous activity despite being self-paced. Qualitative themes emphasised the positive elements of sport participation, namely, social cohesion, the capacity to incorporate culture, and the idea that participation is enjoyable rather than a necessary chore to maintain one's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Bradford
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Denis Martin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kirsti J Loughran
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Noelle Robertson
- School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alexandra Carne
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Nathan Skidmore
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Chen G, Janke MC, Liechty T, Wong JD, West ST, Son JS, Juris J, Johnston C. Sport Participation for Adults Aged 50 + Years: A Socioecological Analysis. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 97:354-373. [PMID: 36464642 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221143958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sport participation can play a key role in older adults' successful aging as it provides an enjoyable opportunity for leisure-time physical activity. Research focusing on the benefits of sport participation in later life and facilitators for involvement has been increasing in the past several years. Drawing on the socioecological model, this study investigated select socioecological factors that predict older adults' sport participation from a holistic perspective. An online survey provided quantitative data from 1203 adults aged 50 and older across the United States. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that personal characteristics, individual behavior, environment/policy, and life course effects were significant predictors of sport participation in later life. The findings in this study enhance our understanding of factors related to older adults' sport participation and are also of value to practitioners seeking to promote sport participation among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhou Chen
- School of Health Science and Wellness, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, USA
| | - Megan C Janke
- Deparment of Kinesiology, Berry College, Mount Berry, GE, USA
| | - Toni Liechty
- Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jen D Wong
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie T West
- Hart School of Hospitality, Sport & Recreation Management, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Julie S Son
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Jill Juris
- Department of Recreation Management and Physical Education, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Carol Johnston
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Palumbo F, Ciaccioni S, Guidotti F, Forte R, Galea E, Sacripanti A, Lampe N, Lampe Š, Jelušić T, Bradić S, Lascau ML, Rodica-Borza A, Pérez RC, Rodríguez-Montero FD, Kapan M, Gezeker K, Capranica L, Tessitore A. Educational Needs for Coaching Judo in Older Adults: The EdJCO Focus Groups. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:143. [PMID: 37624123 PMCID: PMC10458867 DOI: 10.3390/sports11080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Judo coaches are urged to develop specific competencies and skills for addressing the special needs of older practitioners. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experts' opinions on judo training in late adulthood to develop sound educational programs for coaches of older judo practitioners. Overall, eighty-eight experts from an international consortium of judo and educational partners participated in national focus groups. During the focus groups, experts discussed five themes and generated statements pertinent to educate coaches to support older judo practitioners (e.g., benefits; necessary knowledge; risks; training groups definition; tools; and tests for monitoring training plans). The initial list of 262 statements was synthesized, validated, analyzed, and organized into a final list of 55 statements and six macro-areas: aging process (n = 10); safety and first aid (n = 6); physiology and fitness (n = 12); psychology and mental health (n = 11); organization and environment (n = 5); adapted judo teaching and training (n = 11). The present international eminence-based study, harmonizing diverse intercultural perspectives, highlighted the specific needs of older judo practitioners. The results of this study will contribute to the structure of a sound educational program for coaches of older judo practitioners to enhance the quality of older adults' sports experiences by linking safety, enjoyment, social interactions, and learning principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Palumbo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Simone Ciaccioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Flavia Guidotti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Roberta Forte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Envic Galea
- International Judo Federation Academy Foundation, XBX 1421 Ta’ Xbiex, Malta; (E.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Attilio Sacripanti
- International Judo Federation Academy Foundation, XBX 1421 Ta’ Xbiex, Malta; (E.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Nuša Lampe
- Judo Club Golovec, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.L.); (Š.L.)
| | - Špela Lampe
- Judo Club Golovec, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.L.); (Š.L.)
| | - Toma Jelušić
- Zajednica Sportskih Udruga Grada Rijeke “Riječki Sportski Savez”, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Slaviŝa Bradić
- Zajednica Sportskih Udruga Grada Rijeke “Riječki Sportski Savez”, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.J.); (S.B.)
| | | | | | - Raúl Camacho Pérez
- Club de Judo Newton, 28609 Sevilla La Nueva, Spain; (R.C.P.); (F.D.R.-M.)
| | | | - Mesut Kapan
- Izmir Alsancak Gymnastics Specialized Sports Club, İzmir 35210, Türkiye; (M.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Kaya Gezeker
- Izmir Alsancak Gymnastics Specialized Sports Club, İzmir 35210, Türkiye; (M.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (S.C.); (R.F.); (L.C.); (A.T.)
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Yu DSF, Li PWC, Lin RSY, Kee F, Chiu A, Wu W. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on loneliness among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 144:104524. [PMID: 37295285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly prevalent late-life loneliness, together with its deleterious health impacts, calls for increasing attention to the need for effective interventions targeting on this growing public health problem. With the increasing evidence on interventions for combating loneliness, it is timely to identify their comparative effectiveness. OBJECTIVE This systematic review, meta-analysis and network meta-analysis was to identify and compare the effects of various non-pharmacological interventions on loneliness in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Systematic search was conducted in nine electronic databases from inception to 30th March 2023 for studies investigating the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on loneliness among community-dwelling older adults. The interventions were categorized according to the nature and purpose of use. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analyses were sequentially performed to identify the effects of each category of interventions and their comparative intervention effectiveness, respectively. Meta-regression was performed to examine any influence of study design and participants' characteristics on the intervention effectiveness. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022307621). RESULTS A total of 60 studies with 13,295 participants were included. The interventions were categorized as psychological interventions, social support interventions (by digital and non-digital means), behavioral activation, exercise intervention with and without social engagement, multi-component intervention and health promotion. Pairwise meta-analysis identified the positive effect of psychological interventions (Hedges' g = -2.33; 95%CI [-4.40, -0.25]; Z = -2.20, p = 0.003), non-digital social support interventions (Hedges' g = -0.63; 95%CI [-1.16, -0.10]; Z = 2.33, p = 0.02) and multi-component interventions (Hedges' g = -0.28 95%CI [-0.54, -0.03]; Z = -2.15, p = 0.03) on reducing loneliness. Subgroup analysis provided additional insights: i) social support and exercise interventions which integrated active strategies to optimize the social engagement demonstrated more promising intervention effects; ii) behavioral activation and multicomponent interventions worked better for older adults who were male or reported loneliness, respectively, and iii) counseling-based psychological interventions was more effective than mind-body practice. Network meta-analysis consistently pointed to the greatest therapeutic benefits of psychological interventions, and this was followed by exercise-based interventions, non-digital social support interventions and behavioral activation. Meta-regression further suggested that the therapeutic effects of the tested interventions were independent of the various factors relating to study design and participants' characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the more superior effects of psychological interventions in improving loneliness among older adults. Interventions which have an attribute to optimize social dynamic and connectivity may also be effective. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Psychological intervention is the best to beat late-life loneliness, but increasing social dynamic and connectivity may add an impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Sau-Fung Yu
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Polly Wai-Chi Li
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rose Sin-Yi Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, United States of America
| | - Frank Kee
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alice Chiu
- Improving Health Outcomes Together Team, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendy Wu
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Cuadra G, Oliveira JS, Pinheiro MB, Tiedemann A, Sherrington C, Pivotto L, Khalatbari-Soltani S, Sharma S, Costa N. Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Aged 60+ Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37080543 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most reviews investigating physical activity interventions for older people consider evidence primarily from high-income countries. This review examined physical activity interventions for older people from low- and middle-income countries. METHODS We searched 9 electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized trials studies investigating physical activity interventions for people aged 60+ in low- and middle-income countries. Following study selection, one reviewer extracted relevant data. A second reviewer double-checked the data extraction of a randomly selected sample of interventions (20%). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS We included 234 studies from 19 countries, investigating 259 distinct physical activity interventions. Studies were mostly conducted in upper middle-income countries (89%), often assessing physical activity interventions through randomized controlled trials (82%). Most studies investigated a mixed population in terms of sex (68%), with a mean age between 65 and 70 years (36%), not selected on the basis of having a specific health condition (55%). The intervention most commonly investigated was structured exercise (63%) and "no intervention" was the most frequent comparator (47%). The outcomes measured more often were intrinsic capacity (59%) and functional ability (51%), whereas physical activity, falls, and social outcomes were rare. Only 2 studies targeted underserved populations. CONCLUSION Although we identified a substantial number of randomized controlled trials, most evidence for physical activity interventions for older people in low- and middle-income countries is limited to upper middle-income countries. Gaps identified included interventions targeting populations with underserved backgrounds, using sport as an intervention, and assessing the impact of physical activity interventions on physical activity, falls, and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cuadra
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Luiza Pivotto
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
| | - Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
| | - Sweekriti Sharma
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Nathalia Costa
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
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10
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Impact of exercising alone and exercising with others on the risk of cognitive impairment among older Japanese adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 107:104908. [PMID: 36565607 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This longitudinal study investigates the influence of the stratified frequency of exercising alone and exercising with others on the prevention of cognitive impairment among older Japanese adults. METHODS This four-year follow-up study targeted 4,358 individuals (mean age: 76.9 ± 5.6 years, female: 51.8%) who participated in an inventory mail survey in one region of Japan. The exercise forms surveyed involved the frequency of exercising alone and with others. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the nationally standardized dementia scale proposed by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Adjusted Cox proportional-hazard models were used to examine the association between the exercise forms and the development of cognitive impairment, and calculate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS The cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment throughout the study was 7.7%. Participants who exercised ≥ 2 times/week alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61-0.998) had a lower risk of developing cognitive impairment than those who did not exercise alone. Similarly, participants who exercised ≥ 2 times/week with others (HR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.47-0.94) showed a lower risk of developing cognitive impairment than those who did not exercise with others. The scenarios involving PAFs demonstrated that, if all participants exercised alone or with others ≥ 2 times/week, the risk of cognitive impairment decreased by 15.1% and 29.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION Both forms of exercise reduced the development of cognitive impairment, with exercising with others potentially being highly effective in preventing cognitive impairment.
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Palumbo F, Ciaccioni S, Guidotti F, Forte R, Sacripanti A, Capranica L, Tessitore A. Risks and Benefits of Judo Training for Middle-Aged and Older People: A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11030068. [PMID: 36976954 PMCID: PMC10058523 DOI: 10.3390/sports11030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic overview aimed to review studies investigating the benefits and risks of judo training in older people, and to explore practical methodological applications (Registration ID: CRD42021274825). Searches of EBSCOhost, ISI-WoS, and Scopus databases, with no time restriction up to December 2022, resulted in 23 records meeting the inclusion criteria. A quality assessment was performed through the following tools: ROBINS-I for 10 experimental studies, NIH for 7 observational studies, and AGREE-II for 6 methodological studies. A serious risk of bias emerged for 70% of the experimental studies, whereas 100% of the observational and 67% of the methodological studies presented a “fair” quality. When involving 1392 participants (63 ± 12 years; females: 47%), the studies investigated novice (n = 13), amateur/intermediate (n = 4), expert (n = 4), and unknown (n = 3) level judoka by means of device-based, self-reported, and visual evaluation measures. Mean training encompassed 2 ± 1 sessions. week−1 of 61 ± 17 min for 7 ± 6 months. In relation to judo training exposure and outcomes, three main themes emerged: (i) health (56% of studies; e.g., bones, anthropometry, quality of life); (ii) functional fitness (43%; e.g., balance, strength, walking speed); and iii) psychosocial aspects (43%; e.g., fear of falling, cognition, self-efficacy). Although the included studies presented relevant methodological weaknesses, the data support the positive effects of judo training with advancing age. Future research is needed to help coaches plan judo programs for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Palumbo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Simone Ciaccioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Flavia Guidotti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-8544-6432
| | - Roberta Forte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Attilio Sacripanti
- International Judo Federation Academy Foundation, XBX 1421 Ta’ Xbiex, Malta
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
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12
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Yim H, Kim ACH, Du J, James JD. Sport participation, acculturative stress, and depressive symptoms among international college students in the United States. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1104325. [PMID: 36937740 PMCID: PMC10017837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The distinctive social nature of sport in its capacity to promote immigrants' adaptation to the new society has been regarded as a vehicle to cope with adverse mental health outcomes derived from acculturative stress (AS) and feelings of marginalization. However, the evidence on the relationship between sport participation (SP), AS, and mental health have been lacking and fragmented. Recognizing this challenge, we examined the mediating effect of AS on the relationship between SP and depressive symptoms (DS) among international college students in the USA. Methods A total of 203 international college students in the USA were recruited via Prolific. The instrumentation included previously validated measures: SP (SLIM-18), AS (ASSIS), DS (CES-D-10), sense of coherence (SOC-13), and demographic characteristics. Results Mediation analysis showed a significant association between (1) SP and DS (ß = -0.030, p < 0.05) and (2) AS and DS (ß = 0.053, p < 0.001), while (3) no significant indirect effect of AS was found [ß = -0.001, SE = 0.0003, 95% CI (-0.008, 0.004)]. Discussion Even though several previous scholars have argued that SP is an effective tool to cope with AS among international students, the present study implies this may not be applied to all international students. Specifically, AS and DS among European participants were lower than those from non-European countries, including Asia. Future studies using meta-analysis could be beneficial to examine the external validity of the previous studies on the relationship between SP, acculturation, and mental health to address this potential heterogeneity on the level of AS based on their origin countries or continents. The current study provides meaningful implications for adopting the transformative marketing perspective, which is a marketing approach that pursues positive social outcomes by promoting positive behavior of the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Chan Hyung Kim
- Department of Sport Management, Center for Sport, Health, and Equitable Development, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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13
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Duan X, Wang X, Li X, Li S, Zhong Y, Bu T. Effect of mass sports activity on prosocial behavior: A sequential mediation model of flow trait and subjective wellbeing. Front Public Health 2022; 10:960870. [PMID: 35979458 PMCID: PMC9376381 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.960870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Participation in mass sports is one of the most efficient strategies for people to attain physical and mental health in China. Prosocial behavior has a positive effect on social development. This study developed a conceptual model with mass sports activity as the independent variable, prosocial behavior as the dependent variable, and flow trait and subjective wellbeing as the mediating variables. Methods Participants (N = 351) completed an online survey. Mass sports activity, flow trait, subjective wellbeing, and prosocial behavior were measured using the physical activity rank scale-3 (PARS-3), short dispositional flow scale (SDFS), index of wellbeing (IWB), and prosocial tendencies measure (PTM), respectively. Descriptive statistics compared differences between sports population (PARS-3, ≥ 36) and non-sports population (PARS-3, <36). Mediation effect was analyzed using the PROCESS (Template, Model 6). Results Sports population scored significantly higher (all P ≤ 0.05) on SDFS, IWB, and PTM than non-sports population. Participation in mass sports stimulated flow trait and thus improved prosocial behavior, with a mediation effect value of 0.061 (95% CI, 0.028–0.104), which accounted for 30.18% of the total effect. Participation in mass sports enhanced subjective wellbeing and thus improved prosocial behavior, with a mediation effect value of 0.044 (95% CI, 0.007–0.090), which accounted for 21.96% of the total effect. Flow trait and subjective wellbeing mediated the relationship between mass sports activity and prosocial behavior in a sequential manner, with a mediation effect value of 0.059 (95% CI, 0.035–0.090), which accounted for 29.23% of the total effect. Conclusion The preliminary results of the mediation model validated the hypothesized sequential links between mass sports activity, flow trait, subjective wellbeing, and prosocial behavior. Greater participation in mass sports increases the likelihood of prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Duan
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shichen Li
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shichen Li
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Yiping Zhong
| | - Te Bu
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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14
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Building social capital through sport engagement: evidence for adults aged 50 years and older. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Involvement in sports is considered a powerful way to generate social capital. However, the role of sport engagement in the development of social relationships of older adults has not received much attention. Remarkably, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the quality and diversity of social relations built through active sport participation and spectatorship. This paper attempts to assess the relationship between sport engagement and various measures of network social capital, including the extension and quality of social networks and the heterogeneity of personal relationships. Also, it proposes new and more informative measurements of an individual's quantity and quality of social ties. By analysing data from a survey in Spain (N = 600) and applying logistic regressions, the results show that sport participation and attendance at sporting events are closely related to different dimensions of network social capital. Concerning people who are not actively engaged in sports, more extensive social networks characterise those who frequently attend sporting events. In contrast, active sport participation is associated with the extensity and quality measures of social connectedness, the level of satisfaction with friends and the opportunity to enjoy close relationships. Therefore, this paper provides new evidence on how sport engagement may result in tighter and extensive networks for older adults and serve as support for emphasising sports, physical activity and leisure as strategies for maintaining and boosting older people's social and psychological health.
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15
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Huebner M, Arrow H, Garinther A, Meltzer DE. How Heavy Lifting Lightens Our Lives: Content Analysis of Perceived Outcomes of Masters Weightlifting. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:778491. [PMID: 35368414 PMCID: PMC8974931 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.778491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the benefits of sport participation for older adults has been well-documented, the traditionally masculine sport of weightlifting has only recently become popular among older women, who now participate at rates comparable to men in the United States. This study describes the self-reported effects of participating in Masters-level Olympic weightlifting on other aspects of life. Contrasting with previous studies of Masters athletes in other sports, the gender balance and broad age range of our sample allowed us to explore whether the self-reported impact of sport on older adults was similar or different across age groups (35–44, 45–59, 60, and older) for both men and women. A total of 352 (191 women, 159 men, 2 other) who completed a survey of Masters lifters registered with the United States national organization (USAW) responded to an open-ended question about how weightlifting has affected other aspects of their life. Across gender and age categories, responses indicated that weightlifting has a positive impact on physical health (strength, mobility, fitness) and on psychological (mental health benefits, stress reduction) and social aspects such as community connections. Female lifters mentioned psychological benefits such as increased confidence and help with stress and depression more commonly than male lifters; older lifters were more likely than middle-aged lifters to mention physical health benefits. Competition was a prominent theme across genders and age groups. The themes mentioned by participants are consistent with previous literature on sports that are less strongly gender-typed than weightlifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Huebner
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Marianne Huebner
| | - Holly Arrow
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Alex Garinther
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - David E. Meltzer
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, United States
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Blake HT, Buckley JD, Stenner BJ, O'Connor EJ, Burgess SA, Crozier AJ. Sport Participation and Subjective Outcomes of Health in Middle-Aged Men: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221084493. [PMID: 35300537 PMCID: PMC8935418 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221084493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sport participation is intrinsically motivating and improves the physical health of middle-aged men, its influence on subjective health measures, such as health-related quality of life, self-rated health, or well-being is unclear. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe the existing literature that has assessed male sport participants and their subjective health. MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched, and reference lists of included studies were pearled. Included were original peer-reviewed studies reporting a marker of subjective health in males, 35 to 54 years (average), who participated in sport. The search identified 21 eligible articles, 18 quantitative, 2 mixed-methods, and 1 qualitative, from 13 different countries. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional. A broad range of outcomes were assessed, with the most common being quality of life/health-related quality of life (n = 6) and self-rated health (n = 6). Most studies assessing quality of life, health-related quality of life, or self-rated health demonstrated a positive association with sport participation, while sport participation was not related to measures of life satisfaction, flourishing, happiness or global well-being; however, limited studies examined these latter outcomes. Sport participation appears to be related to better select subjective health outcomes in middle-aged men. However, most available data are cross-sectional and thus causation cannot be determined. Randomized intervention trials are required to determine whether sport participation improves the subjective health of middle-aged men. Open Science Framework registration:https://osf.io/zypds
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T Blake
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brad J Stenner
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Edward J O'Connor
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane A Burgess
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alyson J Crozier
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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“Until Body Do Us Part”. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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For the Love of the Game: An Exploration of the Experiences and Psychosocial Development of Women 70 Years of Age and Older Who Play Volleyball. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:445-454. [PMID: 34489363 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is much to learn about the lived experience of sport participation in later life for older women. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 18 women volleyball players, ages 70 years and older. Four themes emerged from an inductive analysis of in-depth, semistructured interviews: (a) seeking and enjoying optimal challenge, (b) demonstrating physical competence through skill mastery, (c) commitment to continue playing while navigating declining competence, and (d) connection with teammates and positive reinforcement. Following the inductive analysis, the themes were analyzed using personal assets frameworks as lenses through which to further understand how these women's psychosocial development through sport compared with youth and Masters sport. Challenge, competence, connection, and commitment to continue were salient personal assets identified for these women. Researchers should continue to explore how positive sport development across the lifespan can be both universal and nuanced for diverse cohorts of athletes.
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Rato Barrio M, Ley C, Schomöller A, Dumon D. Mental Well-Being or Ill-Being through Coaching in Adult Grassroots Sport: A Systematic Mapping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126543. [PMID: 34204539 PMCID: PMC8296415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is convincing evidence on the effects of sport and exercise on mental health and well-being. Less evidence is provided about how to achieve these benefits in the context of grassroots sport coaching. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature of three databases to narratively synthesize the current knowledge about which coaching-related factors influence well-being or ill-being, and how to promote mental health in adult athletes through sport coaches. The review includes 52 studies with different methodological and theoretical approaches and mental health outcomes. The wide range of themes were mapped and synthesized within two clusters, i.e., coaching behavior, antecedents, and context; and coach–athlete relationship and social support. The results highlight the importance of the promotion of empowering environments, autonomy-supportive coaching behavior, and coach–athlete relationship quality that relate to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The review also calls for a critical perspective, in the sense that the coaching context and working environment may not be empowering and supportive to the well-being of coaches and consequently to the athletes, and that coaches who want to provide autonomy-supportive environments may face various obstacles. Finally, the review synthesizes recommendations for the training of coaches, as one piece of a holistic mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rato Barrio
- International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE/CIEPSS), 14053 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.B.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Clemens Ley
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Schomöller
- International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE/CIEPSS), 14053 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.B.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Detlef Dumon
- International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE/CIEPSS), 14053 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.B.); (A.S.); (D.D.)
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Physical Activity and Anxiety of Chinese University Students: Mediation of Self-System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094468. [PMID: 33922351 PMCID: PMC8122769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of self-enhancement and self-criticism in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. A total of 305 students from Chinese universities, ranging in age from 18 to 36, completed a questionnaire package comprising a physical activity questionnaire, a self-enhancement strategies scale, a level of self-criticism scale, and a short form of state and trait anxiety scale. Findings highlighted that physical activity had a significant negative correlation with anxiety (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), a significant positive association with self-enhancement (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and a significant negative relationship with self-criticism (r = −0.14, p < 0.05). It was also found that anxiety was significantly predicted by self-enhancement (−0.21, p < 0.01) and self-criticism (0.44, p < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model supports the mediation of self-enhancement and self-criticism between physical activity and anxiety in university students. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing the self-system should be worthy strategies for reducing students’ anxiety.
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Patterns of older Australians’ engagement in health-promoting activities: a latent profile analysis. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Being active in later life is key to remaining physically and mentally healthy, and health in turn influences individuals’ ability to remain active. Activity prevalence figures can disguise the existence of clusters of older people who are very active due to regular participation in multiple categories of activity versus those who are sedentary. The aim of this study was to conduct segmentation analyses based on retired seniors’ engagement in various activities (walking, active sport/exercise, gardening and volunteering) to identify groups characterised by varying patterns of participation. The sample comprised 746 Western Australians aged 60+ years (range 60–95 years, average age 71.66 years, standard deviation = 6.57), 61 per cent of whom were female. Using latent profile analysis, four distinct segments emerged. Those respondents classified as belonging to the most active group exhibited moderate to high levels of participation across all four forms of activity, and tended to be older and more educated than other respondents. Those allocated to the least active group had very low levels of participation across most of the assessed activities and the least favourable physical and mental health scores. Overall, the results indicate the existence of highly divergent segments within the older population in terms of participation across various combinations of health-promoting activities. Segment membership appears to be more closely associated with physical and psychological factors than socio-demographic characteristics.
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Mechanism Between Physical Activity and Academic Anxiety: Evidence from Pakistan. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of research has explored the benefits of physical activities on several variables such as academic performances, quality of life, fitness, levels of stress, and depression. However, less research considered the impact of physical activity on academic anxiety, self-enhancement, and self-criticism. This study examines the influence of physical activity on academic anxiety with self-enhancement and self-criticism playing a mediating role. Data for this model has been collected by using structured questionnaires administered to 418 Pakistani university students (undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate) aged between 18 and 36 years old. Structural equation modeling through analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was applied to find that physical activity significantly reduces academic anxiety and self-criticism, and it develops self-enhancement. Further, self-enhancement was negatively associated with academic anxiety while self-criticism is directly related to academic anxiety. More importantly, self-enhancement and self-criticism partially mediated between physical activity and academic anxiety of university students in Pakistan. This research recommends governments to support physical activity programs for university students.
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Barreira CRA, Telles TCB, Filgueiras A. Perspectivas em Psicologia do Esporte e Saúde Mental sob a Pandemia de Covid-19. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003243726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este artigo objetiva compreender as relações entre saúde mental e prática esportiva, de exercício e/ou de atividade física no período afetado pela pandemia da Covid-19, especialmente no Brasil. Ancorado em duas perspectivas epistemologicamente diferentes em Psicologia, articula-se resultados oriundos de instrumentos objetivos de mensuração, bem como de experiências no registro do mundo-da-vida. Discute-se que tais práticas corporais são meios e fins da saúde, tanto pelos efeitos orgânicos benéficos previsíveis, segundo o estado da arte das ciências da atividade física, como pela expressão por excelência do engajamento no mundo com esquecimento de si. A partir do dispêndio de energia, controle da ansiedade e bem-estar delas resultantes, adotar uma regularidade de exercícios físicos no confinamento fornece ao praticante um critério ritual e metabólico auxiliar para o reestabelecimento de parâmetros de tempo e espaço em sua rotina. No entanto, tais atividades também apresentam seus riscos a depender do modo como são realizadas, o que se apresenta como desafio tanto para quem as vivencia quanto para os profissionais em Psicologia do Esporte, seja no âmbito do alto rendimento ou da prática recreativa. Entender as nuances do esporte e as particularidades desses indivíduos é fundamental para endereçar os cuidados adequados. Salienta-se que tal seara não se limita apenas às atividades marcadamente esportivas, envolvendo as mais diversas práticas corporais, culturais e de movimento.
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