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de Oliveira RC, Fernandes J, Gonçalves-Oliveira J, Guterres A, de Lemos ERS. Out of the shadows, into the spotlight: Invisible zoonotic diseases in Brazil. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 8:100202. [PMID: 35187523 PMCID: PMC8839808 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Silva-Ramos CR, Faccini-Martínez ÁA. Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia africae infection, African tick-bite fever: A systematic review. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2022; 29:366-377. [PMID: 35146341 DOI: 10.53854/liim-2903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
African tick-bite fever (ATBF), caused by Rickettsia africae, is the main tick-borne rickettsiosis and the second most frequent cause of fever after malaria in travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa. General descriptions on ATBF were made in the first two decades after recognized as a new infectious entity, and since then, many authors have contributed to the knowledge of the disease by reporting clinical cases in scientific literature. We developed a systematic review that evaluated all available evidence in the literature regarding clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of confirmed R. africae rickettsiosis cases. We followed the recommendations made by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide. A total of 48 scientific publications (108 confirmed cases) were analyzed in order to extract data for developing this review. Overall, our results show that R. africae rickettsiosis is more frequent in males in the age group of 18-64 years, more than 80% of the cases occurred in European travelers, South Africa was the country where most infections were acquired, and almost 40% of cases occurred in clusters. Clinically, more than 80% of the cases had fever and eschar (55% developed multiple eschars), rash was present in less than the half of cases, and lymphangitis was not a common sign (11%). Headache, myalgia and regional lymphadenopathy were predominant nonspecific clinical manifestation (mean of 60%, 49% and 51%, respectively). Our results show that at least 70% of R. africae cases had altered laboratory parameters, most often showing an increase in transaminases and C-reactive protein. Tetracycline-class antibiotics, as monotherapy, were used in most (>90%) of the patients. Overall, only 4% of cases had complications, 12% required hospitalization, and there was a 100% rate of clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, Colombia
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Pacheco-Silva AB, Martins EB, López AJR, Detepo PJT, Mamani RF, Japiassú AM, Lupi O, Mendes TV, Pina-Costa AD, Calvet GA, Bressan CDS, Silva MFBD, Ogino LL, Assis MRDS, Marques AM, Dias CMG, Borchert JM, Lemos ERSD, Brasil P. Fatal Brazilian spotted fever in a healthy military man during field training in Rio de Janeiro city, southeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e77. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Durães LS, Bitencourth K, Ramalho FR, Nogueira MC, Nunes EDC, Gazêta GS. Biodiversity of Potential Vectors of Rickettsiae and Epidemiological Mosaic of Spotted Fever in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Front Public Health 2021; 9:577789. [PMID: 33777873 PMCID: PMC7994328 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.577789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted Fever Rickettsioses (SFR) are diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and are transmitted mainly by ticks. Its eco-epidemiological scenarios vary spatially, and may also vary over time due to environmental changes. It is the main disease transmitted by ticks to humans in Brazil, with the state of Paraná (PR) having the sixth highest number of notified incidences in the country. However, information is lacking regarding the SFR disease cycles at likely infection sites within PR. During case investigations or environmental surveillance in PR for SFR, 28,517 arthropods were collected, including species known or potentially involved in the SFR cycles, such as Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma parkeri, Ctenocephalides felis felis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. From these Rickettsia asembonensis, Rickettsia bellii, Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest and Candidatus Rickettsia paranaensis were detected. Ectoparasite abundance was found to be related with specific hosts and collection environments. Rickettsiae circulation was observed for 48 municipalities, encompassing 16 Health Regions (HR). As for socio-demographic and assistance indicators, circulation occurred largely in the most urbanized HR, with a higher per capita Gross Domestic Product, lower Family Health Strategy coverage, and with a higher ratio of beds in the Unified Health System per thousand inhabitants. For environmental variables, circulation occurred predominantly in HR with a climatic classified as “subtropical with hot summers” (Cfa), and with forest type phytogeographic formations. In terms of land use, circulation was commonest in areas with agriculture, pasture and fields and forest cover. Rickettsiae were circulating in almost all hydrographic basins of PR state. The results of this study provide the first descriptive recognition of SFR in PR, as well as outlining its eco-epidemiological dynamics. These proved to be quite heterogeneous, and analyzed scenarios showed characteristics strongly-associated with the outbreaks, with cases presenting clinical variation in space, so illustrating the complexity of scenarios in PR state. Due to the diversity of the circumstances surrounding SFR infections in PR, public health initiatives are necessary to foster a better understanding of the dynamics and factors effecting vulnerability to SFR in this Brazilian state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Silva Durães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Bitencourth
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Rodrigues Ramalho
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Círio Nogueira
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Emília de Carvalho Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Pieracci EG, De La Rosa JDP, Rubio DL, Perales MES, Contreras MV, Drexler NA, Nicholson WL, De La Rosa JJP, Chung IH, Kato C, Barton Behravesh C, Enríquez MAG, Roldan JFG, Villarino ME. Seroprevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in canines along the United States-Mexico border. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:918-926. [PMID: 31441594 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Portions of northern Mexico are experiencing a re-emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tickborne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a member of the spotted fever group of rickettsiae (SFGR). Infection with R. rickettsii can result in serious and life-threatening illness in people and dogs. Canine seroprevalence has been used as a sentinel for human RMSF in previous studies. This study aims to quantify SFGR seroprevalence in canines in three northern Mexican states and identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. A total of 1,136 serum samples and 942 ticks were obtained from dogs participating in government sterilization campaigns and from animal control facilities in 14 Mexican cities in three states. SFGR antibodies were detected using indirect immunofluorescence antibody assays at titre values ≥1/64. Six per cent (69 dogs) showed antibodies to SFGR, with the highest seroprevalence reported in Baja California (12%), Coahuila (4%) and Sonora (4%). Dogs from Baja California had three times higher odds of having SFGR antibodies compared to dogs from Sonora (OR = 3.38, 95% CI, 1.81-6.37). Roughly one quarter (25%) of surveyed dogs were parasitized by ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) at the time of sample collection. A portion of collected ticks were tested for rickettsial DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were then sequenced, showing evidence of SFGR including R. massiliae, R. parkeri and R. rickettsii. Dogs that spent the majority of time on the street, such as free-roaming or community-owned dogs, showed a greater risk of tick infestation, seropositivity, bearing seropositive ticks, and may play a pivotal role in the spread of SFGR among communities. Estimating the seroprevalence of SFGR in the canine population can help public health campaigns target high-risk communities for interventions to reduce human RMSF cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Pieracci
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Daniel Luna Rubio
- Programa de Zoonosis y Rickettsiosis, de Isesalud en el Estado de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | | | | | - Naomi A Drexler
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William L Nicholson
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ida H Chung
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cecilia Kato
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jesús Felipe González Roldan
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Margarita E Villarino
- US-Mexico Unit, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, NCEZID, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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6
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Londoño AF, Arango-Ferreira C, Acevedo-Gutiérrez LY, Paternina LE, Montes C, Ruiz I, Labruna MB, Díaz FJ, Walker DH, Rodas JD. A Cluster of Cases of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in an Area Of Colombia Not Known to be Endemic for This Disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 101:336-342. [PMID: 31162015 PMCID: PMC6685563 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) has been reported in Colombia since 1937. Most recent outbreaks were in 2006-2008, followed by the absence of recognized cases. This report describes new clinical cases of RMSF and epidemiologic investigations. Medical records were reviewed, and fieldwork, serological and molecular diagnostic testing, and bacterial isolation were performed. Fever, hypotension, abdominal discomfort, and rash accompanied by thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were the most characteristic manifestations. Two convalescent sera from the index case and sera from two dogs revealed high anti-spotted fever group Rickettsia antibody titers. Rickettsia rickettsii was isolated from case 4. Cases 2 and 3 were identified by epidemiological connection with the index case. Thus, a new cluster of cases of RMSF was identified in Antioquia, Colombia, with the occurrence of fatal cases, which indicates the active circulation of the bacteria and a potential risk for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Londoño
- Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Catalina Arango-Ferreira
- Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
- Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Montes
- Gobernación de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Iván Ruiz
- Gobernación de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Juan D. Rodas
- Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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7
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Poubel I, Cunha N, Fonseca A, Pinter A, Fonseca A, Cordeiro M, Almosny N. Seroprevalence of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri in dogs during a Brazilian Spotted Fever outbreak in the State of Rio de Janeiro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present paper is the first to perform this evaluation in dogs from the cities of Natividade, Porciuncula and Varre-Sai. The aim of this study is to search for Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in canine sera using indirect immunofluorescence assay and to identify the probable causative agent of sera reactions in animals. Of the 253 sampled canines, 67.59% (171/253) were seroreactive for Rickettsia rickettsii and 11.07% (28/253) for Rickettsia parkeri, both in dilution 1:64. Titration of tested sera against R. rickettsii antigens reached 1:131.072 and, for R. parkeri, 1:4.096. We conclude that dogs are important sentinels for R. rickettsii infection, and can be infected regardless of sex, age, the habit of visiting woodlands or being in direct contact with equines and capybaras. Serological diagnosis has highlighted many dogs infected by R. rickettsii, and ambient conditions, such as the presence of flowing water bodies, was important for the occurrence of Brazilian Spotted Fever in the northwestern of Rio de Janeiro State.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A. Pinter
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Brazil
| | - A.H. Fonseca
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M.D. Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Silva AB, Duarte MM, da Costa Cavalcante R, de Oliveira SV, Vizzoni VF, de Lima Duré AÍ, de Melo Iani FC, Machado-Ferreira E, Gazêta GS. Rickettsia rickettsii infecting Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille 1806), in high altitude atlantic forest fragments, Ceara State, Brazil. Acta Trop 2017; 173:30-33. [PMID: 28535905 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, Spotted Fever (SF) is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Forest. In recent years, several human cases of a milder SF have been reported from the Maciço de Baturité region of Ceará State. Previous studies in this region found R. parkeri strain Atlantic Forest to be present in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale ticks. The present study isolated and identified the Rickettsia spp. present in this new endemic area in Brazil. In March 2015, R. sanguineus s.l. and A. ovale were collected in rural areas of the Maciço de Baturité region, and subjected to the isolation technique. A bacterium was isolated from one R. sanguineus s.l., which phylogenetic analysis clustered to the R. rickettsii group. In conclusion, R. rickettsii bacteria is circulating in the studied area and may in future have an impact on the clinical diagnoses and consequently cause changes in the profile of the disease in the region. In addition, we suggest the increase of epidemiological and environmental surveillance in the area, in order to prevent Brazilian Spotted Fever cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arannadia Barbosa Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Myrian Morato Duarte
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Figueiredo Vizzoni
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Ana Íris de Lima Duré
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Brazil
| | | | - Erik Machado-Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil.
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Silva AB, Vizzoni VF, Costa AP, Costa FB, Moraes-Filho J, Labruna MB, Gazêta GS, de Maria Seabra Nogueira R. First report of a Rickettsia asembonensis related infecting fleas in Brazil. Acta Trop 2017; 172:44-49. [PMID: 28427962 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed in a non-endemic area for spotted fever (SF) in Imperatriz microregion, state of Maranhão, Brazil. Blood samples and ectoparasites were collected from 300 dogs of the Imperatriz microregion. Canine serum samples were tested individually by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), using five Rickettsia isolates from Brazil. Antibodies reactive to at least one of the five species of Rickettsia were detected in 1.6% of the dogs (5/300). These sera were considered reactive to Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia amblyommatis or very closely related species. The ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille), and the fleas, identified as Ctenocephalides felis, were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of rickettsial DNA. More than 78% (83/106) of the C. felis fleas were found to be infected with Rickettsia species using gltA as rickettsial PCR targets, whereas no evidence of Rickettsia spp. was found in R. sanguineus s. l. Genetic analysis based on genes gltA, htrA and ompB showed that the detected strain, is most closely related to Rickettsia asembonensis (formerly Candidatus Rickettsia asemboensis). The present study is the first report of a R. asembonensis related infecting C. felis fleas in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arannadia Barbosa Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação do Mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, MA, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Figueiredo Vizzoni
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Pereira Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação do Mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, MA, Brazil
| | - Francisco Borges Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação do Mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, MA, Brazil
| | - Jonas Moraes-Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rita de Maria Seabra Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação do Mestrado em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, MA, Brazil.
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10
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Montenegro DC, Bitencourth K, de Oliveira SV, Borsoi AP, Cardoso KM, Sousa MSB, Giordano-Dias C, Amorim M, Serra-Freire NM, Gazêta GS, Brazil RP. Spotted Fever: Epidemiology and Vector- Rickettsia-Host Relationship in Rio de Janeiro State. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:505. [PMID: 28424664 PMCID: PMC5371726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The eco-epidemiological scenario of spotted fever (SF), a tick-borne disease that affects humans and other animals in several countries around the world, was analyzed in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) State, Brazil. During the last 34 years, 990 SF cases were reported in RJ (the Brazilian state with the highest population density), including 116 cases confirmed by serology (RIFI) or PCR, among 42.39% of the municipalities with reported cases of SF. The epidemiologic dynamics of SF in RJ State are very heterogeneous in time and space, with outbreaks, high mortality rates and periods of epidemiological silence (no SF cases reported). Furthermore, it exhibited a changing epidemiological profile from being rural to becoming an urban disease. This study identified arthropods infected with Rickettsia felis, R. bellii and R. rickettsii, and found that the abundance of ectoparasites was associated with specific hosts. The R. rickettsii-vector-host relationship was most evident in species-specific parasitism. This suggests that the association between dogs, cattle, horses, capybaras and their main ectoparasites, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ctenocephalides felis, Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermacentor nitens, and Amblyomma dubitatum, respectively, has a key role in the dynamics of R. rickettsii transmission in enzootic cycles and the maintenance of carrier ectoparasites, thus facilitating the existence of endemic areas with the ability to produce epidemic outbreaks of SF in RJ. This study found confirmed human infections for only the R. rickettsii carrier Amblyomma sculptum, which reinforces the importance of this species as a vector of the pathogen in Brazil. This study can be adapted to different eco-epidemiological scenarios of spotted fever throughout the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego C Montenegro
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Bitencourth
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana P Borsoi
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen M Cardoso
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria S B Sousa
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Giordano-Dias
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marinete Amorim
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolau M Serra-Freire
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto S Gazêta
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde - Ministério da SaúdeBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo P Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Prata JAC, Souza CED, Angerami RN, Barbosa TMCDM, Santos FCPD, Colombo S, Guercio VMFD, Donalísio MR. Antibodies for Rickettsia spp. in patients with negative serology for dengue virus, leptospirosis, and meningococcal disease in municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49:567-571. [PMID: 27812650 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0023-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brazilian spotted fever is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate if not treated early. Differential diagnosis is difficult, as the first clinical signs are non-specific and can be confused with other diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of infection with Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri in negative sera samples, collected in 2014, from patients with suspected leptospirosis, dengue fever, and meningococcal disease in Atibaia and Bragança Paulista municipalities of the State of São Paulo. METHODS The samples stored at the Institute Adolfo Lutz in Campinas were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with IgG and IgM against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed for the sera samples of patients who died (n = 3), those with initial suspicion of meningococcal disease (n = 6), and those with positive IFA results. RESULTS Of 258 samples from Bragança Paulista, 4 (1.6%) were positive, with IgG titers of 1:64 and 1:128 against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. Of 155 samples from Atibaia, 2 (1.3%) were positive, with IgG titers of 1:64 and 1:128 against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. No sample showed positive PCR results. CONCLUSIONS This serological investigation suggests there is evidence of exposure to Rickettsia spp. in residents of areas that have environmental conditions favorable to the spread of bacteria, in which Brazilian spotted fever incidence was not previously confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Anacleto Cabral Prata
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu Saúde Coletiva-Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami
- Departamento de Doenças de Notificação Compulsória, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Colombo
- Laboratório de Riquétsias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Rita Donalísio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu Saúde Coletiva-Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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de Oliveira SV, Guimarães JN, Reckziegel GC, Neves BMDC, Araújo-Vilges KMD, Fonseca LX, Pinna FV, Pereira SVC, de Caldas EP, Gazeta GS, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. An update on the epidemiological situation of spotted fever in Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:22. [PMID: 27555867 PMCID: PMC4994305 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. In Brazil, its notification to the Ministry of Health is compulsory. Since 2007, cases of spotted fever have been integrated to the Notifiable Diseases Information System, and epidemiological analyzes are part of the routines on surveillance programs. Methods This descriptive study updates epidemiological information on cases of spotted fever registered in Brazil between 2007 and 2015. Results In Brazil, 17,117 suspected cases of the disease were reported and 1,245 were confirmed in 12 states, mainly in São Paulo (550, 44.2 %) and Santa Catarina (276, 22.2 %). No geographic information was registered for 132 cases (10.6 %). Most of the infected people were men (70.9 %), mainly in rural areas (539, 43.3 %), who had contact with ticks (72.7 %). A higher number of suspected cases were registered between 2011 and 2015, but the number of confirmed cases and the incidence were relatively low. Moreover, 411 deaths were registered between 2007 and 2015, mainly in the southeastern region of the country, where the case-fatality rate was 55 %. Lack of proper filling of important fields of notification forms was also observed. Conclusions The results showed expansion of suspected cases of spotted fever and high case-fatality rates, which could be related to diagnostic difficulties and lack of prompt treatment. These factors may comprise limitations to the epidemiological surveillance system in Brazil, hence improvement of notification and investigation are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality due to spotted fever in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vilges de Oliveira
- Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF Brazil ; Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil ; National Reference Laboratory of Vectors of Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | | | - Bidiah Mariano da Costa Neves
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Lidsy Ximenes Fonseca
- Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gilberto Salles Gazeta
- National Reference Laboratory of Vectors of Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology, School of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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