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Mukhametova LI, Zherdev DO, Eremin SA, Kuznetsov AN, Yudin VI, Sclyarov OD, Babicheva OV, Motorygin AV, Tsvetkov YE, Krylov VB, Nifantiev NE. Applying a Fluorescence Polarization Assay for Detection of Brucellosis in Animals Using the Fluorescently Labeled Synthetic Oligosaccharides as Biosensing Tracer. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:404. [PMID: 39194633 DOI: 10.3390/bios14080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis in animals is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Known methods for diagnosing brucellosis face some challenges, due to the difficulties in isolating and standardizing the natural brucellosis antigen. In this work, we investigated the possibility of using the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) with synthetic glycoconjugate biosensing tracers to detect antibodies against Brucella as a new methodology for diagnosing brucellosis. Based on the received results, the synthetic fluorescein-labeled trisaccharide tracer is most effective for Brucellosis detection. This tracer is structurally related to the immune determinant fragment of the Brucella LPS buildup of N-formyl-d-perosamine units, connected via α-(1→3)-linkage at the non-reducing end and α-(1→2)-linkage at the reducing end. The sensitivity and specificity in the case of the use of trisaccharide tracer 3b were 71% and 100% (Yuden's method) and 87% and 88% (Euclidean method), respectively, which is comparable with the diagnostic efficiency of traditionally used serological methods, such as the agglutination test (AT), complement fixation test (CFT), and Rose Bengal test (RBT). Given the known advantages of FPA (e.g., speed, compactness of the equipment, and standard reagents) and the increased specificity of the developed test system, it would be appropriate to consider its widespread use for the diagnosis of brucellosis in animals, including rapid testing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry O Zherdev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton N Kuznetsov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor I Yudin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg D Sclyarov
- Russian State Centre of Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feeds, 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesia V Babicheva
- Russian State Centre of Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feeds, 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Motorygin
- Russian State Centre of Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feeds, 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim B Krylov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Retraction: Epidemiological insights into paratuberculosis in camels in Saudi Arabia: Bayesian estimation of true prevalence and identification of risk factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307546. [PMID: 39018316 PMCID: PMC11253954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
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Wang Y, Vallée E, Compton C, Heuer C, Guo A, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Vignes M. A novel Bayesian Latent Class Model (BLCM) evaluates multiple continuous and binary tests: A case study for Brucella abortus in dairy cattle. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106115. [PMID: 38219433 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis, primarily caused by Brucella abortus, severely affects both animal health and human well-being. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for designing informed control and prevention measures. Lacking a gold standard test makes it challenging to determine optimal cut-off values and evaluate the diagnostic performance of tests. In this study, we developed a novel Bayesian Latent Class Model that integrates both binary and continuous testing outcomes, incorporating additional fixed (parity) and random (farm) effects, to calibrate optimal cut-off values by maximizing Youden Index. We tested 651 serum samples collected from six dairy farms in two regions of Henan Province, China with four serological tests: Rose Bengal Test, Serum Agglutination Test, Fluorescence Polarization Assay, and Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Our analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off values for FPA and C-ELISA were 94.2 mP and 0.403 PI, respectively. Sensitivity estimates for the four tests ranged from 69.7% to 89.9%, while specificity estimates varied between 97.1% and 99.6%. The true prevalences in the two study regions in Henan province were 4.7% and 30.3%. Parity-specific odds ratios for positive serological status ranged from 1.2 to 2.2 for different parity groups compared to primiparous cows. This approach provides a robust framework for validating diagnostic tests for both continuous and discrete tests in the absence of a gold standard test. Our findings can enhance our ability to design targeted disease detection strategies and implement effective control measures for brucellosis in Chinese dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Emilie Vallée
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Chris Compton
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cord Heuer
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science - Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450045, China
| | - Matthieu Vignes
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ma R, Li C, Gao A, Jiang N, Feng X, Li J, Hu W. Evidence-practice gap analysis in the role of tick in brucellosis transmission: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:3. [PMID: 38191468 PMCID: PMC10773131 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonotic affliction instigated by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella and is characterized by a diverse range of pervasiveness, multiple transmission routes, and serious hazards. It is imperative to amalgamate the current knowledge and identify gaps pertaining to the role of ticks in brucellosis transmission. METHODS We systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, Google Scholar, and PubMed on the topic published until April 23, 2022. The procedure was performed in accordance with the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The selected articles were categorized across three major topic areas, and the potential data was extracted to describe evidence-practice gaps by two reviewers. RESULTS The search identified 83 eligible studies for the final analyses. The results highlighted the potential capacity of ticks in brucellosis transmission as evidenced by the detection of Brucella in 16 different tick species. The pooled overall prevalence of Brucella in ticks was 33.87% (range: 0.00-87.80%). The review also revealed the capability of Brucella to circulate in parasitic ticks' different developmental stages, thus posing a potential threat to animal and human health. Empirical evidence from in vitro rodent infection experiments has revealed that ticks possess the capability to transmit Brucella to uninfected animals (range: 45.00-80.00%). Moreover, significant epidemiological associations have been found between the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and tick control in rangelands, which further suggests that ticks may serve as potential vectors for brucellosis transmission in ruminants. Notably, a mere three cases of human brucellosis resulting from potential tick bites were identified in search of global clinical case reports from 1963 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to improve the techniques used to identify Brucella in ticks, particularly by developing a novel, efficient, precise approach that can be applied in a field setting. Furthermore, due to the lack of adequate evidence of tick-borne brucellosis, it is essential to integrate various disciplines, including experimental animal science, epidemiology, molecular genetics, and others, to better understand the efficacy of tick-borne brucellosis. By amalgamating multiple disciplines, we can enhance our comprehension and proficiency in tackling tick-borne brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Chunfu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ai Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Na Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China.
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 20025, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medical, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medical, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Shanta IS, Heffelfinger JD, Hossain K, Ahmed F, Kafi MAH, Sultana S, Tiller R, Kennedy ED, Kadzik M, Ivey ML, Islam A, Ahmed SSU, Rahman AKMA, Giasuddin M, Negron ME, Salzer JS. Exposure to Brucella spp. in Humans and Cows in a High Milk-Producing Area of Bangladesh. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:416-426. [PMID: 38127112 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by some species within the Brucella genus. The primary and secondary objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in humans and cows and identify risk factors for exposure to Brucella spp. among people in Shahjadpur sub-district, Bangladesh. Twenty-five villages were randomly selected from the 303 milk-producing villages in the sub-district. We randomly selected 5% of the total households from each village. At each household, we collected demographic information and history of potential exposure to Brucella spp. in humans. In addition, we collected serum from household participants and serum and milk from cattle and tested to detect antibodies to Brucella sp. Univariate analysis was performed to detect associations between seropositivity and demographics, risk factors, and behaviors in households. We enrolled 647 households, 1313 humans, and 698 cows. Brucella antibodies were detected in sera from 27 household participants (2.1%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-2.9%). Eleven (1.6%, 95%CI 0.6-2.4%) cows had detectable Brucella antibodies in either milk or serum. About half (53%) of the 698 cows exhibited more than one reproductive problem within the past year; of these, seven (2%) had Brucella antibodies. Households with seropositive individuals more frequently reported owning cattle (78% vs. 32%, P < 0.001). Despite a low prevalence of Brucella seropositivity in the study, the public health importance of brucellosis cannot be ruled out. Further studies would help define Brucella prevalence and risk factors in this region and nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireen Sultana Shanta
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - James D Heffelfinger
- Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamal Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shabiha Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Rebekah Tiller
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin D Kennedy
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Kadzik
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa L Ivey
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ausraful Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Anisur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maria E Negron
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Johanna S Salzer
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
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Rumi TB, Islam SS, Islam R, Faisal MMH, Kabir SML, Rahman AKMA, Rahim Z. Gamma-interferon assay for the ancillary diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in urban and adjacent areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Vet World 2023; 16:2120-2127. [PMID: 38023284 PMCID: PMC10668560 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2120-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease of cattle, mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay and single-intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT) in detecting bTB. Materials and Methods In an earlier study, 150 positive, 83 inconclusive, and 480 negative animals from 24 cattle herds were screened using SICTT. From these groups, 125 positive, 17 inconclusive, and six negative animals were subsequently verified using the IFN-γ assay. Single-intradermal comparative tuberculin test outcomes were interpreted according to standard guidelines, whereas blood samples were collected and stimulated with purified protein derivatives. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure secreted IFN-γ. Concordant and Bayesian latent class analyses were performed to evaluate test performance. Results Results from the IFN-γ assay revealed that 83.2%, 64.7%, and 16.67% of the animals were positive in the SICTT-positive, inconclusive, and negative animal categories, respectively. Sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of SICTT were 83.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.4-90.1) and 95.7% (95% CI: 86.9-99.7), respectively. Sensitivity and SP for the IFN-γ assay were 78.9% (95% CI: 71.9-85.4) and 83.9% (65.9-95.9), respectively. The use of both tests in parallel increases the SE of bTB detection (~94%), compared with SICTT alone. Conclusion Use of the IFN-γ assay with SICTT in parallel, predominantly on cattle demonstrating an inconclusive SICTT outcome, boosts bTB detection rate in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sk. Shaheenur Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
| | - Robiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | | | - S. M. Lutful Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zeaur Rahim
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Khurana SK, Sehrawat A, Tiwari R, Prasad M, Gulati B, Shabbir MZ, Chhabra R, Karthik K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Gupta VK, Dhama K, Sah R, Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:61-88. [PMID: 33353489 PMCID: PMC7833053 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Sehrawat
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Gulati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar, India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Islam MN, Khan MK, Khan MFR, Kostoulas P, Rahman AKMA, Alam MM. Risk factors and true prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247838. [PMID: 33635911 PMCID: PMC7909650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTb) is endemic in Bangladesh but the true prevalence has not yet been reported. Our objectives for this study were to determine the true prevalence and identify risk factors for bTb at the animal- and herd-level in Bangladesh. A total of 510 cows were randomly selected during January 2018 to December 2018. Caudal fold (CFT) and comparative cervical tuberculin tests (CCT) were serially interpreted. Animal- and herd-level risk factor data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. The hierarchical true prevalence of bTb was estimated within a Bayesian framework. The herd- and animal-level risk factors were identified using mixed effects logistic regression. The apparent prevalence of bTb was 20.6% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 17.3; 24.3] based on CFT. The animal-level true prevalence of bTb was 21.9 (13.0; 32.4). The herd-level true prevalence in different regions varied from 41.9% to 88.8%. The region-level true prevalence was 49.9 (13.8; 91.2). There is a 100% certainty that herds from Bhaluka and Mymensingh Sadar upazilas are not free from bTb. The odds of bTb were 3.9 times (1.2; 12.6) higher in herds having more than four cows than those with ≤ 4 cows. On the other hand, the risk of bTb was 3.3 times higher (1.0; 10.5) in non-grazing cows than grazing cows. Crossbred cows were 2.9 times (1.5; 5.9) more likely to be infected with bTb than indigenous cows. The risk of bTb in animals with cough was 2.3 times (1.2; 4.3) higher than those without cough. Crossbred, non-grazing cows with cough should be targeted for bTb surveillance. Herds of the Mymensingh, Sadar and Bhaluka regions should be emphasized for bTb control programs. Estimation of Bayesian hierarchical true prevalence facilitates identification of areas with higher prevalence and can be used to indicate regions that where true prevalence exceeds a pre-specified critical threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazimul Islam
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Community Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public Health and One Health, Laboratory of Epidemiology & Artificial Intelligence, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - A. K. M. Anisur Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahbub Alam
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Islam MA, Rony SA, Kitazawa H, Rahman AA. Bayesian latent class evaluation of three tests for the screening of subclinical caprine mastitis in Bangladesh. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2873-2881. [PMID: 33040322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Routine monitoring for subclinical infection is one of the key mastitis control approaches. However, the accuracy of the most commonly used screening tests has not yet been established. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the accuracy of three screening tests, namely California mastitis test (CMT), white side test (WST), and surf field mastitis test (SFMT) for the screening of subclinical caprine mastitis. A cross-sectional study based on 484 randomly collected milk (242 goats) samples from three districts of Bangladesh was conducted for the screening of subclinical mastitis by the aforementioned tests. The Bayesian latent class model was implemented in WinBUGS to estimate the tests' characteristics and true prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The Bayesian posterior estimates of sensitivities with a 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were 98.60% (95.18-99.95%), 98.28% (94.56-99.92%), and 89.98% (83.39-95.03%), and specificities with 95% CrIs were 99.19% (98.11-99.96%), 99.27% (97.34-99.98%), and 99.28% (97.35-99.98%), respectively for CMT, WST, and SFMT. The true prevalence of subclinical caprine mastitis was estimated to be 43.49% (95% CrI 37.46-48.98%). The positive predictive values (PPV) of the three tests were similar. The serial and parallel interpretation of any test pairs increased the PPV and negative predictive value respectively close to 100%. Based on the simplicity, cost and performance as well WST and SFMT simultaneously could be recommended for the screening of caprine subclinical mastitis in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Akm Anisur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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Islam S, Barua SR, Moni SP, Islam A, Rahman AKMA, Chowdhury S. Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the Chittagong Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:86-98. [PMID: 32949434 PMCID: PMC7840193 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected endemic zoonosis in Bangladesh and has a significant impact on public health and animal welfare of dairy farming as well as dairy farm economics. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis in dairy cattle in the Chittagong metropolitan area (CMA) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. We collected serum samples (n = 158) from six randomly selected dairy farms in the CMA between February and November, 2015. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and a competitive ELISA (cELISA) were used as the screening and confirmatory tests respectively. Farm level and animal level demographic and risk factor data were collected using a questionnaire. The risk factors were analysed using a multivariable logistic regression with random effects. The overall seroprevalences of antibodies against brucellosis in cattle were 21.5% (34/158) and 7.6% (12/158) based on parallel and serial interpretation of the two tests respectively. Our results revealed that 20.3% (32/158) samples were positive using the RBPT and 8.9% (14/158) were positive using the cELISA. The within‐herd seroprevalence ranged from 10% to 26.3% and 5 to 20.7% using the RBPT and cELISA tests respectively. The odds of seropositivity were significantly higher in lactating cows (OR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.02–6.55), cows producing less than 2 litres of milk (OR: 29.6; 95% CI: 4.3–353.8), cow producing 2–12 litres of milk (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.1–33.4) and cows with reproductive disorders (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.2–10.1). About 7.6% (12/158) and 1.3% (2/158) of cattle were found to be infected with acute and chronic brucellosis respectively. Based on these results, we suggest that cows that have reproductive disorders and are producing little milk should be prioritized for brucellosis screening in CMA. The screening tests should be used to control brucellosis in cattle in order to protect animal welfare, human health and to minimize the economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Islam
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Ecohealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shama Ranjan Barua
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaj Parvin Moni
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Islam
- Ecohealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sharmin Chowdhury
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh
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11
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Pfukenyi DM, Meletis E, Modise B, Ndengu M, Kadzviti FW, Dipuo K, Moesi K, Kostoulas P, Matope G. Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of the lateral flow assay, Rose Bengal test and the complement fixation test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle using Bayesian latent class analysis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105075. [PMID: 32622242 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT), the serum lateral flow assay (LFAserum) and the blood lateral flow assay (LFAblood) for the detection of antibodies to Brucella spp. using Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs). Sera and whole blood were collected from naturally infected cattle reared in smallholder, small-scale commercial and large-scale commercial farms in Zimbabwe (n = 1022) and Botswana (n = 770). The BLCMs were fitted under the assumption that conditional dependences existed between the tests. Based on the conditional dependence model, the RBT had the highest Se of 0.897 (95 % Probability Intervals: 0.854; 0.932) compared to 0.827 (0.773; 0.872), 0.812 (0.76; 0.858) and 0.809 (0.785; 0.832) for the LFAserum, LFAblood and CFT, respectively. The CFT recorded a higher Sp of 0.999 (0.995; 1.000) than the LFAserum 0.996 (0.99; 1.000), the LFAblood 0.984 (0.976; 0.991) and the RBT 0.969 (0.959; 0.978). The data indicated that both the Se and Sp of RBT and CFT and the Sp of LFAserum and LFAblood were conditionally independent, while the Se appeared to be conditionally dependent. These results indicated that none of the evaluated tests had perfect Se and Sp and consequently could not be used alone for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle from the studied farming sectors. Thus, based on high Se and Sp, respectively, a brucellosis testing regimen using the RBT (screening) and the LFA (confirmatory) may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davies M Pfukenyi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, 224 Trikalon St., Greece
| | - Boitumelo Modise
- Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Masimba Ndengu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Faith W Kadzviti
- Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kopano Dipuo
- Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kago Moesi
- Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Animal Health Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, 224 Trikalon St., Greece
| | - Gift Matope
- Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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